Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-64113-2 — a History of Ayutthaya Chris Baker , Pasuk Phongpaichit Index More Information

Home , Ekathotsarot, Fa Mai, Hariphunchai, Phetracha, Phra Prang Sam Yot, Ramathibodi II

Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-64113-2 — A History of Ayutthaya Chris Baker , Pasuk Phongpaichit Index More Information

316

Index

Abdur Razzaq Gilani, 126 , 129 Bengal, 88 , 126 , 203 administrative change Bay of, 135 in i fteenth century, 69 – 74 Benjarong, 232 Aggañña (Akkhanya) Sutta, 108 Black River, 26 agriculture, 177 – 81 , 220 , 271 Black Tai, 28 , 29 , 269 Alaungpaya, King of Burma, 103 , 254 bodhisatta , 108 , 142 , 235 , 237 , 250 , 259 , Angkor, 3, 28 , 35 , 144 266 , 272, 273 , 281 attack of 1431, 66 – 7 , 89 , 98 Bophok (pavaka) ceremony, 110 early relations with Chaophraya Boranratchathanin, Phraya, 44n. 7, 276 Plain, 20 – 4 Borneo, 121 , 139 inl uence on early Ayutthaya, 82 Borommakot, King, 180, 205 , 214 , 222 , Anirut, 82 , 234 230, 240 , 243, 244 , 268 , 279 Anomadasi, 46 , 80 accession, 232 , 243 Anuradhapura, 13 , 36 and Buddhism, 212 , 234 , 241 Aphai Raja, Chaophraya, 125, 126 and Chinese, 217 Aphaithot, 167 , 225 ideal kingship, 249 , 252 , 266 Aqa Muhammed Astarabadi, 126, 127 , and revolt, 226 129 , 162, 204 and Sri Lanka, 228 , 250 Arab records, 9 , 50 Borommaracha II, King, 67 , 80 , 278 archeology, 3 – 8 Borommaracha IV, King, 72 , 88 , 103 , Arthasastra, 100 278 Asoka, Emperor, 14 Brahmans, 10 , 75 , 166 at court, 109, 146 – 7 Bai- yi, 25 role at court, 109, 110 Ban Phlu Luang dynasty, xiii, 212 , 240 – 4 , Brochebourde family, 170 255 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 265 , 270 Brochebourde, Daniel, 160 , 163n. 205 bandits, 222 Bronson, Bennet, 4 Bang Klang Hao, 35 , 38 bronze age, 4, 8 Bang Pakong River, 3, 5 , 7 Brown, Robert, 13 Bangkok, xi, xii , 3 , 12f. 1.1. , 18 , 55 , 123 , Buddha Footprint, 142 , 234 , 240, 126 , 161 , 163, 169 , 186 , 239f. 6.1. , 249 255 , 285n. 2 Buddha images, 41, 79 , 81 , 145 , 147 as capital, 268 – 75 Buddhism, 95 , 188 Banteay Mas. See Ha Tien and 1688, 168 Banyong Rattanat, 127 , 166 in Bangkok era, 272 – 5 Batavia, 141 , 160 , 181, 212 , 214 , 232 in early Ayutthaya, 80 – 2 Bay of Bengal, 160 , 161 early development, 10 – 15 Bayin-naung, King of Pegu, 77, 95 , 97 , in eighteenth century, 246 – 52 117 and kingship, 141 – 3 Beijing, 120 Mahayana, 14 Bellwood, Peter, 6 in seventeenth century, 198 – 203, 210 Benedict, Paul, 6 at Sukhothai, 36 – 41 316

317

Index 317

and Taksin, 266 – 7 war with Ayutthaya, 64, 65 – 6 and wat murals, 237 Chiang Rai, 30 Bun Khwang revolt, 226 , 266 Chiang Rung, 28 Bunma, 263 , 267 , 268 Chiang Saen, 30 , 104 , 174 Bunnag family, 270 Chiang Tung, 80 Burma, 85 China conl ict in eighteenth century, 254 – 8 and early Ayutthaya, 47 , 48 – 9 conl ict in sixteenth century, 76 – 8, 87 – 9 early inl uences, 6 , 7 , 9 Burmese chronicles, xi, 77 , 88 , 96 , 113 , Ming trade policy, 54 , 68 , 117 , 120 255 , 258 Qing era, 120 , 135 Burnaby, Richard, 161 trade in eighteenth century, 216 Busakorn Lailert, xiii trade in seventeenth century, butsayaphisek, 109 120 – 1 , 139 tribute system, 16 , 46 , 48 , 51 cakkavattin, 41 , 87, 95 , 207 , 281 Chindamani, 149 Cambodia, 124 , 126 , 234 Chinese and early Ayutthaya, 46 , 67 residents, 217 , 269 early history, 16 , 18 revolt of 1733, 214 in eighteenth century, 216 , 264 Tartars, 153 trade, 121 , 126 , 139 , 216 Chola, 48 , 57 war with Ayutthaya, 89, 100 , 130, 167 , cholera, 29 , 174, 175 , 177 213, 253 , 268 Chulalongkorn, King, x, 271 canal digging, 122 , 131 , 271 Chulia, 125 Ceberet, Claude, 127 Cochinchina, 121 , 139 , 203 , 216 ceramics, 9 , 51 , 59 , 68 , 122 , 131 , 219t. Cochinchinese, 133 , 204 , 216 6.1., 232 Coedès, George, 16 Chainat, 44 , 58 , 64 , 66 , 96 coinage, 131 Chainat (Phitsanulok), 62 , 63 Colquhoun, A. R., xn. 6 Chairacha, King, 72, 75 , 76 , 81 , 92 , 278 Coromandel Coast, 88 Chakkraphat, King, 76, 77 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 278 country trade, 121 , 129 , 160 , 170 Chakri, 155 , 156, 243 , 267 , 268 , 281 cowries, 131 title, 72 Cushman, Richard, xv Chaliang, 30 , 66 , 68 , 76 , 92 Cham, 209 Damrong Rajanubhab, Prince, x , xi , xii Chamadevi, 25 , 34 De Coutre, Jacques, 90 , 111 , 113 , Chamnan Borirak, Chaophraya, 214, 230 , 118 , 177 231 death duties, 154 Champa, 52 , 54 , 121 deerskins, 131 Chams, 93, 94 , 113 , 218, 260 Desfarges, General, 164 Chanthaburi, 186 , 216 Dhammagambhıra, 80 after 1767, 263 , 267 Dhiravat na Pombejra, xiii, xv Chao Bon, 7 disease, 103 , 174 – 7 Chaophraya River, 186 , 204 , 221, 269 DNA research, 7, 79 basin ecology, 1 , 44 Dong Mae Nang Mueang, 19 Dutch blockade, 130 Dunxun, 10 , 18 Charnvit Kasetsiri, xiii – xiv Duodecagon, 234 Chaumont, Chevalier de, 203 Dutch, xv, 95 , 159 , 168 , 206 , 243 Chen- li-fu, 48 , 51 after 1688, 212 , 213 Chiang Mai, 102 , 104 , 175 and 1688, 169 and Burma, 116 dispute with Moors, 126 chronicle, 31 , 33 , 59 , 63 , 102 , 103 , 153 at Ligor, 137 and early Ayutthaya, 60 , 80 , 85 and Phuket, 138 early history, 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 37 in seventeenth century, 124 , 130 , 153 , and gunpowder technology, 92 162 importance in trade, 87 and trade, 120 , 121 in seventeenth century, 168 Dvaravati, 3 , 15 , 16 – 20 , 22 , 42

318

318 Index

eaglewood, 126 Hindu gods, 11 – 13 , 21 , 108 , 147 education, 201 histories, 82 , 107 , 150 , 232 , 249 Ekathotsarot, King, 109, 147 , 148, 190 , Hoabinhian, 3 279 horses, 91 accession, 158 houseboats, 182 , 217 and Buddhism, 141 Hsinbyushin, King of Burma, 254 and Naresuan, 115 , 116 hunter- gatherers, 3 – 4 , 25 and revenues, 139 and trade, 120 Inao , 234 Ekkathat, King, 228, 241 , 243 , 256 , 258 , India 263 , 279 early inl uences, 6 , 8 – 13, 15 , 19 – 20 accession, 232 Indian Ocean, 8 , 87 , 89 , 94 , 121 elephants Ing River, 30 hunting, 147 Intharacha II, King, 150 in trade, 125 iron age, 5 – 6 , 8 in warfare, 90 – 1 , 101 , 113 Isan Plateau, 5 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 34 , 114 white, 95 emboxment, 98 Jambi, 48 , 121 Emerald Buddha image, 265 , 273 Japanese, 162, 209 , 238 , 261 Eminent Som, 226 in Cambodia, 89 English, x, xii , xiii, xv , xvii , 95 , 161 , 169, as mercenaries, 113 , 123 , 125 , 158 286 residents, 124 , 203 , 226 , 230 in seventeenth century, 120 in seventeenth century, 120 , 122 – 4 , 129 , English East India Company, 129, 160, 139 182 jataka , 39 , 82 , 108 , 109 , 203 , 231 , 235 , 236 , entertainments, 148 , 201, 231 , 234 237 , 240 , 246 , 250 , 252 , 259 , 281 Java, 11 , 138 , 149n. 137 , 174 , 204 , 205n. Fa Ngum, 31 , 35 146 , 207n. 152 , 218 , 234 , 234n. 89 , Farrington, Anthony, xv 235n. 93 Fei Hsin, 49 , 58 , 83 Javanese, 93 , 94 , 206 , 207 Fifty Jatakas, 235 Jayavarman VII of Angkor, 22 , 23 , 24 Forbin, Count Claude de, 140, 148 Jinakalamalipakaranam, 80 forest goods, 51, 52 , 120 , 121, 125 , 184 , Jinaraja image, 241 191 , 220 Johore, 121 , 135 , 137 , 216 Formosa, 181 , 215 Four Social Practices, 249 Kaempfer, Engelbert, 156 , 157 , 182 , 216 , French, ix, xv , 95 , 142 , 160, 162 , 163 , 168 , 225 , 236 169 , 203 , 204 Kalahom, 74 , 154 , 155 , 159, 206 , 230, embassy of 1685, 127 , 206 241 , 281 embassy of 1687, 162 ministry, 164 , 229 missionaries, 162 , 163 , 166 title, 72 and trade, 121 , 138 Kamphaeng Phet, 184 and early Ayutthaya, 60 , 62 , 67 , 68 gender, 193 – 8 early history, 24 , 30 , 31 , 36 , 175 Golconda, 125 , 127 in sixteenth century, 94, 100 Greeks, 8 , 93 , 161 Kamphaeng Phet, Okya, 155, 159 Guangxi, 26 , 28 Khamsuan samut, 133 , 233 Guangzhou, 23 , 26 , 45 , 120 Kanchanaburi, 117 , 204 , 255 Guizhou, 26 kathin , 142 , 143 , 148 , 166 , 281 gunpowder technology, 91 – 4, 117 , 123 Kedah, 10, 88 , 135, 138 , 226 Khao Sam Kaeo, 8 Ha Tien, 216 , 264 Khao Wong Prachan valley, 4 Hainan, 53 Khmer, 209 Han Chinese, 9, 25 , 28 , 32 early history, 20 – 4 Hariphunchai, 25 , 29 , 32 inl uence on early Ayutthaya, xi, 74 , 78

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language, 34 Ligor, 50 , 55 , 122 , 124, 130 , 135 , 137 , titles, 48 , 67 , 78 138 , 159 , 212 , 216, 282 Khok Phanom Di, 3 Lilit phra lo, xvi, 106 , 107 , 117 Khorat, 18, 184 , 204, 256 literature, 148 – 9 , 232 – 5 after 1767, 262 , 264 , 268 Lithai, King, 32 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 61 , revolt, 224 , 226 63 , 64 Khubilai Khan, 28 Lopburi, 128f. 4.1., 158 , 181 , 184 Khun Chang Khun Phaen, 186 , 191 , 201 , in 1688, 168, 169 207 , 208 , 221 , 228 , 233 and early Ayutthaya, 47 , 51 , 55 , 57 , 58 , and gender, 193 – 7 74 , 75 Khwae Yai River, 6 early history, 4 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 Kimura Hansaemon, 124 in eighteenth century, 225 kingship theory, 107 – 11 , 266 family, 56 , 145 Kling, 51 , 88 , 281 metal- working, 4 , 5 , 7 klon verse, 234 in Narai era, 127 , 147 , 148 , 154 , 160 , Kok River, 30 162 , 191 Korea, 52 in sixteenth century, 112 Kosa Lek, 156 , 270 Lopburi River, 44, 84 Kosa Pan, 156 , 166 , 226, 227 , 230 , 231 , Lovek, 86 , 89 , 112 , 115 , 118 263 , 270 and early Ayutthaya, 56 Kui(buri), 55 , 87 , 126 Luang Prabang, 35 , 65 , 96 Kulke, Hermann, 22 Luang Prasoet chronicle, xii , 43 , 46 , 82 , 107 , 109 , 118 , 150 , 205 , 207 La Mare map, 186 Lacouperie, Jean, xn. 6 Ma Huan, 47, 49 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 81 , 83 , 107 , Lamphun, 25 , 32 , 98 , 175 111 , 194 landholding, 181 Mac Cuu, 216 , 264 Laneau, Louis, 163 Macao, 126 , 139 Langkasuka, 55 Macassars languages revolt, 167 early development, 6 – 7 Mae Thorani, 11 multilingualism, 208 Maeklong River, 5 , 21 , 114 , 204 Lanna, 149 , 204 , 231 , 254 , 267 , Maha Thammaracha title, 36 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 281 76 , 151 , 250 and Ayutthaya, 115 Maha Thammaracha, King, 76 , 77 , 95 , 96 , and Burma, 116 , 118 111 , 279 and early Ayutthaya, 59 , 72 Mahachat. See Phra Vessantara early history, 34 , 37 , 40 , 42 , 90 Mahachat khamluang, 82 language, 79 Mahatthai, 112 , 125 , 126, 161 , 230 , 282 and Northern Cities, 63 , 65 , 92 ministry, 164 , 229 in sixteenth century, 103 , 114 , 115 Mahavamsa, 10 , 273 war with Ayutthaya, 65 – 6 , 85 , 90 , 92 , Mahin, King, 77 97, 193 Makadu, 33 Lanxang, 204 , 281 Makassars, 133 , 204 early history, 31 , 34 , 35 , 42 Malay in eighteenth century, 254 language, 207 in seventeenth century, 135 , 139 , 158 , Malay Peninsula, 218 193 archeology, 6 in sixteenth century, 77 , 88 , 96 , 97 , 114 , Malays 115, 118 , 175 on peninsula, 134 , 135 Lao residents, 204 residents, 204 traders, 131 law, 72 , 244 – 6 , 274 Mangrai, King of Chiang Mai, 31, 32 , 34 , Lawa, 30, 41 , 282 98 Lieberman, Victor, xiv, 119 , 202 dynasty, 65

320

320 Index

Manila, 121 , 122 , 131 and early Ayutthaya, 50 Manual of victorious warfare, 100 , 227 early history, 10 , 36 , 37 , 175 Martaban, 32 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 69 , 87 , in eighteenth century, 213 88 , 93 , 102 , 114 , 116 , 254 revolt, 224 Masulipatam, 125 , 127 Nan, 30, 33 , 36 , 65, 92 , 102 Mekong River, xi, 19 , 24 , 28 , 30 , 86 , 89 , after 1767, 262 114 , 216 chronicle, 30 Melaka, 121 , 181, 205 , 216 Nan River, 30 , 31 , 184 and Dutch, 129 Nanagambhira, 37 and early Ayutthaya, 49 , 50 Nanchao, x , 26 , 28 and Portuguese, 87 , 92 , 93 Nandabayin, King, 117 Melaka Straits, 47 , 53 , 117 , 122 Nanning, 26 mercenaries, 69, 89 , 91 , 93 , 94 , 125 , 158 , Narai, King, 144 , 150 , 207 , 279 203 , 204 , 208 , 260 1688 crisis, 163 , 167 – 70 Mergui, 87 , 88 , 97 , 121 , 125 , 126 , 131, accession, 155 , 156 , 159 160 , 161 , 163 , 174 , 184 , 226 aftermath, 226 , 227, 242 Minangkabau, 93 , 94 and Brahmans, 146 Ming shi-lu , xvii , 47 , 52 and Chinese, 213 Mo Thien Tu, 264 eulogy, 118, 149 Moken, 218 and Europeans, 160 , 161 , 162 , 171 , 206 Mon, 117 guard, 153 country, 42 , 79 , 86 , 114 , 115 , 175 , 204 , hunting, 147 , 148 253 , 254 and kathin , 142 in-migrations, 112 , 204 Khmer origins, 145 language, 11, 16 , 19 , 24 , 35 , 79 and literature, 148, 232 , 234 , 248 residents, 131 , 206 , 218 and Lopburi, 186 , 191 Mongkut, King, x naming, 146 , 228 Mongols, 28, 30 , 32 , 33 , 54 Nidhi’s study, xiv Mon-Khmer languages, x, 6 , 7 , 41 , 78 , 79 and nobility, 151, 154 , 155 , 164 – 7 , 244 Moors, 261 and peninsula, 138 after 1688, 212 and Persians, 126 , 171 from India, 88 and sangha , 166 in seventeenth century, 125 – 9 and trade, 120, 137 , 140 Mudhaffar Syah, 134 and war, 153 Mueang Phra Rot, 16 Naresuan, King, 120 , 151 , 154 , 175 , 190 , Mueang Rat, 35 205 , 270, 279 Mueang Sema, 19 coronation, 77 Mun River, 7 death, 103, 116 murals. See wat murals historiography, xi , 117 hunting, 90 , 111 naga, 13 , 21 , 46 , 55 , 79 , 282 Nong Sarai, 91 Nagasaki, 124 reign and campaigns, 111 – 16 Nai Kai Canal, 44 Ngam Mueang, 33 Nakhon Chaisi, 221 Nidhi Eoseewong, xiv Nakhon Chum, 62 nirat, 149 , 233 , 282 Nakhon In, King Intharacha, 59, 61 , 63 , Nirat hariphunchai, 149 69 , 278 Nirat nakhon sawan, 186 Nakhon Nayok, 96 , 225 nobility, 197 – 8, 212 Nakhon Pathom, 7 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 in Bangkok era, 270 – 1 Nakhon Sawan, 186 in eighteenth century, 229 – 32 and early Ayutthaya, 76 in seventeenth century, 157 early history, 16 , 31 Nong Sarai, 91 , 113 , 114, 117 rice growing, 221 Nong Zhi-gao, 26 Nakhon Si Thammarat, 233 , 241 Northern chronicles, x after 1767, 262, 264 , 265 Northern Cities, 282

321

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after 1767, 262 , 265 , 266, 267 Pha- ngua, King Borommaracha I, 56, 60 , “absorption” by Ayutthaya, 59 –65 , 78 , 61 , 278 83 Phatthalung, 226 , 262 and early Ayutthaya, 67 , 69 , 75 , 76 , Phaulkon, Constantine, 156 , 161 , 162, 100 163, 164 , 169, 170 , 205 , 206 early history, 34 , 36 , 41 , 42 Phayao, 30, 33 in seventeenth century, 151 , 171 Phetchaburi, 175, 186 , 241 in sixteenth century, 85 , 95 , 96 , 100 , in 1767, 255 103 , 112 and early Ayutthaya, 51 , 55 , 57 Nyah- Kur, 7 early history, 16 , 21 , 24 , 55 revolt, 226 occupations, 187 – 90 in seventeenth century, 123 , 126, 159 Ong family, 231 , 270 in sixteenth century, 96 , 112 , 114 Ong Heng Chuan, 231 Phetracha, King, 213 , 234 , 240 , 241 , 242 , Ongbah Cave, 6 279 Ongkan chaeng nam, 80 , 108 accession, 168 – 70, 232 , 242 Ottoman Empire, 69 , 121 and Buddhism, 247 and nobility, 244 Pa Mok, 227 , 241 and Queen Yothathep, 241 Pagan, 3 , 23 , 28 , 36 , 37 , 42 and revolt, 224 , 225 , 226 Pahang, 49 , 50 , 137 Phichai, 36 , 60, 68 , 76 , 186 Palace Law, 66 , 72 , 95 , 99 , 100 , 103 , in sixteenth century, 112 105 – 11 , 117 , 142 , 143 Phichit, 62 , 68 Palat Nu, 262 , 264 , 265 Phichit, Okya, 154 Palelai image, 46 Philippines, 6 Palembang, 49 Phimai, 21 , 23 Pali, x , 11 , 14 , 15, 108 , 143 , 149, 201 , 205 , after 1767, 262 , 264 208, 235 , 237 , 247 , 266 , 272 Phirenthorathep, Khun, 75 , 76 Panaspati, 13 Phiset Jiajanphong, xiv Panji tales, 234 Phitsanulok, 64, 175 , 184 , 241 Panpan, 10 , 11 after 1767, 262 , 264 Pasai, 48 , 58 , 101 in 1767, 255 , 256 Pasak River, 5, 16 , 36 , 44 , 102 commerce, 190 Pattani, 96 , 122 , 124, 130 , 134 , 135 , 137 , and early Ayutthaya, 59 , 60 , 62 , 66 , 75 138 , 161 , 204 , 216 , 226 early history, 36 Pegu, xvii, 91 , 135, 218 , 254, 270 fortii cation, 102 1564 revolt, 105 in seventeenth century, 133 , 151 and Naresuan, 112, 113 , 114 , 115 in sixteenth century, 77 , 95 , 96 , 100, war with Ayutthaya, 76, 87 – 9, 91 , 93 , 103 , 112 94 – 7, 100 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 177 and Trailokanat, 64 peninsula, 10 as twin capital, 63 – 5, 67 , 73 , 76 and early Ayutthaya, 44 – 7 Phitsanulok, Okya, 155 , 230 in seventeenth century, 134 – 9 Phleng yao payakon, 248 people raiding, 59 , 269 Phong Tuek, 19 Persia, 121 Phonnarat, Phra, 211 , 273 early inl uences, 19 Phra Jinaraja image, 59 , 63 embassy of 1685, 162 , 163 Phra Maharatchakhru, 146 Persian Phra Malai tales, 246 , 272, 274 , 275, as lingua franca, 205 275n. 50 Persians, 169 , 170 , 203 Phra Pathon Stupa, 15 after 1688, 212 Phra Phutthabat. See Buddha Footprint in early Ayutthaya, 57 Phra Prang Sam Yot, 23 in seventeenth century, 125 – 9, 130 Phra Sihing Buddha image, 60 Pha Mueang, 35 , 38 Phra Vessantara, 82 , 109 , 142 , 237 , 272 , Phananchoeng image, 43 , 46 , 54 274

322

322 Index

Phrabang image, 265 and nobility, 151, 153 , 154 , 155 Phrae, 36, 65 , 92 , 104 and Pattani, 137 after 1767, 262 and trade, 139 Phraek Siracha, 66 phrai luang, 191 , 192 , 220, 221 , 222 , 223 , Questions of Milinda, 247 244 , 282 phrai som , 192 , 282 Raja Ungu, 137 phrai suai, 220 Rajputs, 153 , 260 Phrakhlang, 71 , 126 , 130 , 137 , 151 , 153 , Ramakian, 231 , 234 , 249 , 283 155 , 156 , 161 , 164, 201 , 206 , 214 , Ramathibodi II, King, 71 , 72 , 81 , 87 , 230, 243 , 270 , 282 278 ministry, 125 , 129 , 130 , 152 , 216 , 229 Ramayana, xvii, 46 , 234 Phromthin Tai, 19 Ramesuan, King, 56 , 81 , 150 , 278 Phuket, 88 , 126 , 135, 138 , 139 , 161 Ramkhamhaeng (Ramaraja), King, x , 31 , phumibun, 167 , 250, 262 , 266, 282 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 38 Phuthakosajan, Phra, 247 Ratchaburi, 186 Ping River, 5, 16 , 31 , 36 , 62 , 231 , 263 after 1767, 263 Pinto, Mendes, 50 , 89 , 93 , 94 , 100 , early history, 11 , 16 , 21 , 24 104 and King Rama I, 267 , 270 pirates, 122 Red River, 26 Pires, Tomé, 50 , 57 , 67 , 88 , 110 , 111, 125 , registration of people, 100 , 104 , 190 , 209 , 134 222 Piriya Krairiksh, 10 Reid, Anthony, xiv, 119 , 182 population, 1, 173 – 7 relics, 39 –40 , 81 Ayutthaya, 182 – 4 revenues, 111 , 139 – 41 , 154 , 218 urban, 184 – 7 revolts porcelain, Chinese, 157 in eighteenth century, 227 portage route, 10, 87 , 89 , 117 , 120 , 122 , Pegu 1564, 105 125 , 126 , 184 rice, 178 – 9, 181 , 220 , 271 Portuguese, xv , 168 early history, 4 accounts of Asia, 43, 68 , 88 , 134 trade to China, 214 – 15 and Ayutthaya, 105 rishi, 11, 55 and Cambodia, 89 Roman contacts, 9 , 19 desserts, 162 Rothasen , 235 friars, 200 royal barge procession, 147 as lingua franca, 206 Royal Ceremonies of the Twelve maps, 69 Months, 109 and Melaka, 87 Ryukyu Islands, 49 , 52 , 53 , 59 , 71 and Naresuan, 118 residents, 131 , 160 , 203 sakdina , 73 , 99 , 152 , 229 , 283 in seventeenth century, 129 Salang, 88, 126 , 130 , 135 and trade, 120 saltpeter, 123, 140 , 190 , 215 and warfare, 91 – 7, 102 , 113 Salween River, 28 , 104 Pran(buri), 126 Samphraya, King Prang Khaek, 23 Borommaracha II, 61 Prasat Thong, 244 Samudra. See Pasai Prasat Thong, King, 159 , 184 , 191 , 279 samutphap traiphum, 250 accession, 124 , 125 , 155 , 159 Samutthakot, 82 and Buddha Footprint, 142 San, Phraya, 268 eulogy, 118, 146 , 149 Sangitiyavamsa, 56 , 64 , 273 funeral, 148 Sanskrit, 11 , 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 73 , 143, and Japanese, 124 205 , 234 and kathin , 142 Sap Champa, 16 , 20 Khmer revivalism, 144 – 7 sappanwood, 52 , 71 , 131 , 140 , 190 , mystii cation of monarchy, 143– 4 283

323

Index 323

Saraburi, 225 and Narai, 170 Bodhisattva Cave, 11 South China Seas, 8 , 87 , 120 footprint, 234 , 240 , 249 Spanish, 89 , 121 , 122 , 204 Sawankhalok, 102 , 223 spice trade, 119 and early Ayutthaya, 69 Sri Lanka kilns, 51, 69 , 131 and early Ayutthaya, 46 , 64 , 80 in sixteenth century, 112 early Buddhism from, 36 – 41 , 80 – 2 Seixas, Domingo de, 92 , 93 early inl uence, 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 Sejarah Melayu, 48 envoys in 1750, 218, 250 Selangor, 88 mission of 1753, 205 servitude, 190 – 3, 209 , 271 and Thep Phiphit, 262 decline of forced labor, 219 – 22 Srisakara Vallibhotama, xii , xiii sexuality, 195 Srivijaya, 3 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 58 , 83 Shahr- i-nao, 88 stupas, 10 , 13 , 15 , 38 , 252 Shan, 85, 98 , 104 , 105 , 112, 116 , 254, 269 succession, 111 , 158 – 60 , 242 – 4 , 271 Shang- shui, 45 , 57 Sujato, 37 , 80 Sheikh Ahmed Qomi, 125 , 152 , 212 , 230 , Sujit Wongthes, xii 270 Sukhothai, 186 shipbuilding, 131 , 216 ”absorption” by Ayutthaya, 59 – 65 ships, 83 art, 41 , 82 Shweli River, 28 and early Ayutthaya, 43 , 68 , 75 Si Canasa, 21 early history, 25 Si Mahosot, 16, 19 , 20 , 21 historiography, x – xi Si Nao Nam Thum, 35 inscriptions, 18 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 82 , 90 Si Prat, 233 kilns, 51, 69 , 131 Si Sakyamuni image, 273 Sukhothai, Okya, 154 Si Satchanalai, 184 Sumana, 46 , 80 early history, 22 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 40 , Sumatra, 8 , 43 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 58 41 , 68 Sunait Chutintaranond, xiii Si Sattha, 38 , 39 , 42 , 46 supernaturalism, 202 , 227 – 9 , 246 , 247 , Si Sudachan, Thao, 75 , 76 , 107 , 112 , 197 274 Si Thep, 11 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 Suphan River, 21 Sihing Buddha image, 81 , 82 Suphanburi, 83 , 192, 240 , 255 Singburi, 44 and early Ayutthaya, 46 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 66 kilns, 131 early history, 21, 24 , 46n. 11, 48n. 25 rice growing, 221 family, 56 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 67 , 75 , 76 Sinhanavati, 30 kilns, 51 Sinlapa watthanatham, xii , xiii rice growing, 221 Siriwatthana family, 230, 231 , 270 in sixteenth century, 96 , 114 , 177 slavery, 156 , 192 – 3 Surat, 95 , 121 , 139 , 218 legislation, 220 Suryavarman II of Angkor, 21 , 23 smallpox, 75 , 88 , 103 , 167, 174 – 7 Suthon-Manora , 235 Soares de Melo, Diego, 93 Suvarnabhumi, 8 , 10 Soet, 153 , 206 Suwanna khamdaeng, 30 Sombatthiban, Okya, 153 , 156 , 213 Syriam, 87 , 105 , 254 Songkhla, 138, 212 , 216 after 1767, 262 Tabinshweti, King of Pegu, 88, 93, 94 , 95 , in seventeenth century, 122 100 , 102 , 104 Songtham, King, 121 , 123 , 144 , 158 , 206 Tai languages, 35 accession, 158 Tai-Ahom, 26 and Buddhism, 142 , 146 Tak, 186 , 256 , 262 and nobility, 244 Taksin, King, 262 – 8 Sorasak, King, 225 , 228 , 241 , 244, 249, Nidhi’s study, xiv 279 Takua Pa, 10 accession, 242 Tamnan mulasasana, 46

324

324 Index

Tamra chang, 91 Van Vliet, Jeremias, xii Tavoy, 87 , 88 , 97 , 114 , 116 , 254 , 269 Vasco da Gama, 90, 91 , 99 taxes. See revenues Vetala pancha-vinshati , 234 Temasek, 48, 49 Vietnam, 6, 7 , 11 , 26 , 120 , 253 Ten Virtues of Kingship, 227 , 249 Vietnamese, 86 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 216 , 218 Tenasserim, 86 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 101 , 103, Vijayanagar, 88 114 , 116 , 126 , 177, 184 , 225 , 226 , Visakha Puja, 142 254 Tenasserim, Okya, 155 Wade, Geoff, xv , 119 Terwiel, Barend, ix walls for cities, 102 Testimony documents, 118 , 166 , 190 , 211 , Wang Ta- yuan, 48 218 , 227 , 232 , 243, 248 , 249 Wat Chaiyathit, Thonburi, 237 textiles, 51 , 52 , 125 , 127 , 140, 141 , 157 , Wat Chulamani, Phitsanulok, 64 188 Wat Jaeng, Thonburi, 265 , 268 Thachin River, 21 , 114 Wat Khongkharam, Ratchaburi, 237 Thai language, 80 Wat Khun Mueang Jai, Ayutthaya, 46 Thaisa, King, 227 , 241 , 249 Wat Ko Kaeo Suttharam, Phetchaburi, Thammathian revolt, 225 164 , 237 , 238 Thammathibet, Prince, 233 , 241 , 243 Wat Mahathat, Ayutthaya, 46, 81 , 142 , Thawathotsamat, 82 , 109 145 , 217 , 236n. 95, 249 Thep Phiphit, Prince, 262 , 264 Wat Mahathat, Lopburi, 23 Thongduang, 267 , 268 , 270 Wat Mahathat, Si Satchanalai, 39 , 40 Thousand-and- one nights, 234 Wat Mahathat, Sukhothai, 39, 41 , 273 Three Bo Trees, 263 wat murals, 236 – 40 Three Pagodas Pass, 6 , 19 , 22 , 103 , 254 Wat Padaeng, Si Satchanalai, 41 Three Seals Code, 72 , 178 , 184 , 245 , 274 Wat Phra Chetuphon (Wat Pho), Three Worlds cosmology, 87 , 95 , 146, 235 , Bangkok, 273 238 , 247 , 250 , 252, 266 , 273 , 283 Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat, Tilokarat, King of Chiang Mai, 65 , 98 Phitsanulok, 64 Timor, 139 Wat Phra Si Sanphet, Ayutthaya, 81, 140 , Tipitaka, 141, 142, 257 , 272 , 273 , 274 236n. 95 Tokugawa Ieyasu, 122 Wat Phraram, Ayutthaya, 81 , 249 Tonkin, 139, 216 Wat Phu Khao Thong, Ayutthaya, Tonkinese, 204 81 , 249 Toungoo, 115 , 116 , 117 Wat Phutthaisawan, Ayutthaya, 247 Trailokanat, King, 82 , 109 , 118, 278 Wat Pradu Songtham, Ayutthaya, 238 and administrative change, 71, 73 Wat Ratchaburana, Ayutthaya, 55, 79 , 81 , and Phitsanulok, 63 – 5 236n. 95, 249 Traiphum phra ruang, 39 Wat Si Chiang, Ayutthaya, 81 Tun-sun. See Dunxun Wat Si Chum, Sukhothai, 38 , 236n. 95 Turks, 92 , 94 , 127 , 203 Wat Somonkot, Ayutthaya, 81 weaponry, 59 , 86 , 101 , 106 , 112 , 141 , 253 U Thong style, 82 White, Samuel, 161 U Thong town, 15 , 19 , 21 Winai Pongsripian, xv U Thong, King Ramathibodi I, 56 , 81 , women in the palace, 110 145 , 175 , 176 Wood, W. A. R., xii Ujung Salang. See Salang Wu Jang, 216 uparaja, 63, 64 , 75 , 96 , 111 , 113, 158 , 242 , Wyatt, David, ix 283 Uthumphon, King, 243 , 258 , 279 Xian, 45 – 56 , 69

Vajiravudh, King, x, 68 Yamada Nagamasa, 123 , 129 , 137, 159 , Valentyn map, 184n. 58 , 186 162 , 170 Van Vliet chronicle, 72 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 88 , 115 , Yan Phichian, 112 118 , 141 , 149, 249 Ye dhamma, 14

325

Index 325

Yijing, 15 , 16 Yuan phai , 66 , 82 , 90 – 1 , 92 , 99 , 100 , 101 , Yodayar Naing Mawgun, 257 106 , 107 , 108 , 117 , 148 , 149, 207 yokkrabat, 151 , 229 , 245 , 263 , 270 , Yue, 25 , 26 283 Yunnan, x, 60 Yom River, 5, 36 , 68 Yuthisthira, Phraya of Phitsanulok, 63 , Yommarat, Okya, 155 , 213 , 224 , 243 64 , 65 Yoneo Ishii, xv Yothathep, Queen, 144 , 221, 226 , 241 , Zheng He, 47, 49 , 53 242 Zhou Daguan, 46 , 54 , 58