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MAQUILADORA SOURCING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SAN ANTONIO BUSINESSES

Prepared by:

John P. McCray, Ph.D. The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, Texas 78285 512 691-5384

With research assistance from Mrs. John (Peggy) McCray, Dr. Juan Gonzalez, Mr. James Forester, & Mr. Blake Pounds

Submitted to: Department of Economic & Employment Development City of San Antonio 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Copyright 1989

by City of San Antonio

Department of Economic and Employment Development

San Antonio, Texas 78283

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ii

MAQUILADORA OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTION SHARING 2 Mexico's Maquiladora Program 3 Summary 7

SAN ANTONIO AND ADJACENT BORDER CITIES 8 Maquiladora Presence in Adjacent Border Cities 9 Types of Maquiladora Factories 10 Maquiladora Firm Organization 12

FLOW OF RAW MATERIALS, SUPPLIES AND SERVICES 12 Flow of Raw Materials 12 Flow of Industrial Supplies 13 Flow of Services 14

SELLING TO ADJACENT BORDER CITY MAQUILADORA FACTORIES 15 Plant Purchase Maquiladora 15 Mixed Purchase Maquiladora 16 Kit Purchase Maquiladora 18 Identifying Adjacent Maquiladora Factories and Specific Purchases 18

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SAN ANTONIO BUSINESSES 19 Increase The Sales of Industrial Supplies 19 Sell San Antonio Manufactured Products 20 Sell Services 20 Attract Firms That Are Maquiladora Input Manufacturers 21 Attract Regional and Corporate Headquarters 21 Attract Organizations of Knowledge Workers 21

NEED FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH Additional Opportunities For San Antonio Businesses 21 Attracting Maquiladora Supplier Firms 22 Attracting Regional and Corporate Headquarters 23 Establishing San Antonio Business Trade Patterns With Mexico 23

CONCLUSION 24

APPENDICES Appendix A, Maquiladoras in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico Appendix B, Maquiladoras in Piedras Negras, Mexico Appendix C, Maquiladoras in CD. Acuna, Mexico Appendix D, Representative Raw Material Inputs and Industrial Supplies Appendix E, Services SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1. There are 128 Maquiladora firms adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio, Texas. These firms purchase over 358 million dollars of raw materials ,industrial supplies, and services annually. Most of these purchases pass through San Antonio in trucks en route to the Maquiladora factories.

2. San Antonio is a major location of firms which provide industrial supplies to Maquiladora factories.

3. Maquiladora factories make purchases in three well established patterns: Plant Purchase, Mixed Purchase and Kit Purchase. Mixed

Purchase Maquilas, which require home office approval for raw material purchases, account for over 60% of all Maquiladoras.

4. San Antonio firms have the opportunity to increase the sales of raw materials, industrial supplies, and services to Maquiladora factories.

5. San Antonio has the opportunity to attract the manufacturing facilities of firms that are major suppliers of Maquiladoras.

6. San Antonio has the opportunity to attract regional and corporate headquarters and groups of knowledge workers of firms that sell large quantities of raw materials to Maquiladora factories.

ii MAQUILADORA SOURCING OPPORTUNITIES

FOR

SAN ANTONIO BUSINESSES

The purpose of this research was to conduct a study of the

Maquiladora factories adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio,

Texas, and to determine the opportunities for San Antonio businesses to sell raw material, industrial supplies, and services

to these Maquiladora factories.

Data for this report was gathered in Mexico City, Nuevo

Laredo, Piedras Negras, and Cd. Acuna, Mexico. Mexican government

officials, Maquiladora managers, Maquiladora purchasing agents,

customs house brokers, and transportation executives were

interviewed to establish the raw materials, industrial supplies,

and services that Maquiladora firms use, where these materials,

supplies, and services are purchased, the locations of the major

purchase decisions, how these products flow to the Maquiladoras,

and how San Antonio businesses can participate as suppliers for

these goods and services. Interviews of San Antonio businessmen

supplying the Maquiladora firms were conducted by telephone by Mr.

James Forester of the office of the Department of Employment and

Economic Development of the City of San Antonio.

The data gathered from these sources was analyzed and the

types of firms, the patterns of supply, and the location of the

purchasing decisions made by Maquiladora firms for input products,

industrial supplies, and services was determined.

This research also developed a methodology that can be used to analyze Maquiladora opportunities for San Antonio businesses to sell products, supplies, and services to Maquiladora factories adjacent to El Paso, McAllen, and Brownsville, as soon as funds permit the research to be conducted.

A brief summary of the development of the Maquiladora program is presented to develop a general understanding of the characteristics of Maquiladora manufacturing. A comparison of population, income, and unemployment in San Antonio with respect to the three border cities of Nuevo Laredo, Piedras Negras, and Cd.

Acuna is presented; Laredo, Eagle Pass and Del Rio are then compared on the basis of Maquiladora factories and number of employees. Buying patterns of the Maquiladora factories are established, and the flow of raw materials, supplies, and services to the Maquiladora firms is explained. Lists are provided of the firms and the specific items that the firms purchase.

MAQUILADORA OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTION SHARING

Countries worldwide are reducing their trade barriers, producing a global economy and a competitiveness that has little respect for national boundaries. To be successful in this global economy firms must develop an international production strategy.

Firms must distribute in the large developed markets such as the

U. S., Japan, and the countries of the European Common Market, yet continuously attempt to reduce costs while maintaining high quality. Many firms with labor intensive manufacturing have experienced rising wages and other costs which make successful international competition difficult.

2 In an effort to enhance competitiveness while reducing costs and maintaining quality, many U.S. firms have adopted international production sharing. Making use of production sharing, a company will often place its labor intensive operations in a less developed country in an area such as Latin America or the Pacific Rim.

Production sharing firms have the opportunity to manufacture high quality products with low cost labor. However, additional costs and delays are usually incurred for transportation, management assistance, and timely control. By establishing production sharing operations in Mexico's Maquiladora Program and distribution facilities in the U.S., a firm can have the best of both worlds-- low cost, quality production in Mexico and the well developed market and distribution system of the United States.

Mexico has the fastest growing production sharing program in the world. Participating firms (known as Maquilas) acquire some unique advantages not available in other countries. Typically these firms assemble products in Mexico using primarily U.S. components then distribute and sell these products in the huge

American market.

MEXICO'S MAQUILADORA PROGRAM

The Maquiladora Program emerged in the mid 1960's as a result of Mexican entrepreneurs creating modern industrial parks, U.S. firms seeking to reduce their labor costs, and an informal agreement between two Mexican Cabinet officers. The informal agreement relaxed Mexico's strict foreign investment, customs, and immigration laws. It was so successful that in 1971 Mexico

3 incorporated it into law as a portion of the Border

Industrialization Program (BIP). The BIP was designed to encourage

U.S. firms to invest in Mexico, thereby giving employment to

Mexicans in the border region and providing much needed foreign

exchange.

Initially the Maquiladora Program required a bond for all

products and production machinery taken into Mexico, restricted

participating firms to the border zone of northern Mexico, and

required that all products be exported out of Mexico. In 1972 the

regulations were formalized into law which authorized the

establishment of Maquiladora operations throughout many areas in

the Mexican interior. In 1983 the law was revised and Maquiladoras

were authorized to sell up to 20 percent of their production

capacity in the domestic Mexican market (after appropriate Mexican

governmental approval) without payment of duties. During 1986 the

bonding requirements were greatly reduced for raw materials and

production equipment placed temporarily in Mexico.

There are almost no restrictions on what can be produced in

a Maquiladora factory. As an additional incentive to investors,

Maquiladoras are exempt from the requirement of at least 51 percent

Mexican ownership. Also, Maquiladora ownership can be established

as a wholly non-Mexican owned subsidiary or as a joint venture with

Mexican or non-Mexican partners. Non-Mexican owned Maquiladoras

can acquire the right to use land in Mexico under trust

arrangements with a fiduciary.

As a result of these incentives by the Mexican government and

4 a sharp decline in the value of the Mexican Peso in 1982, Maquilas have grown rapidly and countries other than the United States are now participating. About 68 percent of the Maquila plants are majority U.S. owned, but there are also firms owned by Japanese,

British, Finnish, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Mexican interests.

Five large Japanese multinational companies, Hatichi, Sanyo,

Matsushita, Sony, and Toshiba, have established Maquila operations

as part of their international strategy for global competitiveness.

Approximately 90 percent of Maquila factories are adjacent

to the U.S./Mexican border, and most of the these are located in

industrial parks. Approximately one half of all Maquila factories

are adjacent to the Texas border. Some participating firms have

assembly and manufacturing operations in twin cities (one city in

the U.S. and the other just across the border), such as El Paso,

Texas, and Cd. Juarez. However, firms from anywhere in the U.S.

may send items to be assembled in Mexico under the Maquiladora

program. For example, factories in Michigan ship directly to and

receive directly from Maquila factories in Cd. Juarez.

Drawing on a labor force of young Mexicans between 17 and 25

and U.S. and Mexican managers and technicians, the Maquiladora

factories primarily manufacture labor intensive electrical,

mechanical, and sewn products such as television components, oven

timing devices, and seat covers for new cars. The factories are

managed according to Western and Japanese standards of quality

control and timeliness. About one third of the Maquila plants have

organized labor, primarily those in the Mexican state of

5 Tamaulipas, adjacent to the southern Texas border. Maquiladoras can have non-Mexican management and technicians who may be issued two year business visas to work in the Mexican facilities.

Most components and raw materials purchased by Maquila

factories are of U.S. origin and are imported ready for processing.

Mexican materials account for about 1.2 percent of inputs. After

the assembly process is completed in the Maquiladora factory, virtually 100 percent of the finished or semi-finished products are

exported to the U.S. under Sections 806 and 9802.00.80 of the U.S.

Customs Code.

Transportation

Because most of the Maquila operations are very near to the

Mexico/U.S. border, a U.S. company can easily link its existing

operations in the U.S. to the Maquila via highway, rail, air,

telephone, telex services, and microwave data link. Often the firm

can use its established U.S. transportation practices.

Transportation costs from the U.S. to Mexico may be only one tenth

the cost of transportation from the U.S. to the Far East. Also,

shipping time is greatly reduced. Items can usually be shipped

from anywhere in the U.S. to the Mexican border (or vice versa)

within three days. The shipping time to or from the Far East is

usually two to three weeks. Because the transportation time is

reduced, inventory costs are much lower.

Technical Assistance

Technical assistance necessary for Maquila operations, which

is readily available in the U.S., can be brought into Mexico as

6 required. This assistance might include employees of the parent

firm, consultants, or service firms. Being able to provide technical assistance when needed can eliminate many costly production delays.

Industrial Supplies

Maquiladora plants located close to the U.S. border are able

to quickly obtain critical industrial supplies such as complex motors and cutting tools. This is an important feature of border

location because it prevents the lengthy production delays which may be commonplace in production sharing operations located in some more remote developing countries.

Raw Material and Equipment

The Mexican government allows raw materials and equipment to be brought into the country duty free. Raw materials of excellent

quality are purchased in the U.S. and shipped to the Maquila

factory. Equipment needing repair can be evacuated from the plant

in Mexico, repaired in the U.S. or elsewhere, and returned to the

plant without paying duties. This is particularly beneficial to

a production facility which must periodically refurbish its manufacturing equipment.

SUMMARY

The increased competitiveness in the business world today

requires that firms develop strategies that reduce costs while maintaining quality. Establishing manufacturing operations under

Mexico's Maquiladora Program with distribution in the U.S. gives

a firm significant international competitive advantages. By

7 maximizing the comparative advantages of Mexico's low cost, quality

labor, and the U.S.'s industrial base, transportation network, and

huge market, a company can greatly improve its global

competitiveness.

Firms in San Antonio have an opportunity to sell raw

materials, industrial supplies and services to the Maquilas. San

Antonio firms should carefully evaluate their opportunities to sell

to Maquiladora factories. If this evaluation is positive--Nos

vemos en la frontera--We will see you on the border.

SAN ANTONIO AND ADJACENT BORDER CITIES

As shown in Table 1, San Antonio, with a 1988 population of

914,350, is the dominant interior city for the three border cities

of Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio, which have populations of

117,060; 37,400; and 34,700 respectively.

TABLE 1

KEY INDICATORS FOR SAN ANTONIO AND ADJACENT BORDER CITIES

San Antonio Laredo Eagle Pass Del Rio

Population (1988) 914,350 117,060 37,400 34,700

1980 - 1986 Change 12.8% 21.4% 19.1% 15.5%

Labor Force (1986) 424,614 40,733 12,873 12, 126

Unemployment Rate 7.9% 17.4% 30.2% 22.5%

Per Capita Income (1985) $8,499 $5,275 $3,897 $6,002

1979 - 1985 Change in 47.6% 52.7% 39.0% 60.0% per capita income

Federal Grants 1,481 18.6 16.3 2.1 (Millions) Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

8 Laredo, however, is the fastest growing city of the four with a

21.4% increase in population since 1980. San Antonio is also the dominant city economically, which is revealed by the lower rate of unemployment and higher per capita income shown in Table 1.

MAQUILADORA PRESENCE IN ADJACENT BORDER CITIES

Adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio in Mexico there are 128 Maquiladora factories with 35,844 employees as of July,

1989. As shown in Table 2, the number of factories and workers has grown dramatically during the last three years. In December, 1987, there were 25,158 Maquila workers in these border cities. Today there are 36,287 workers and recent press announcements, especially in Laredo, indicate that this growth is continuing. A conservative estimate of the value of inputs purchased per worker per year in a Maquila factory would be $10,000. Using this value, shipments that pass through San Antonio en route to the Maquila plants adjacent to nearby border cities are estimated to be 358 million dollars per year. This does not take into account the even greater shipments which pass through San Antonio to Maquiladora plants adjacent to Brownsville and McAllen in the lower Rio Grande valley, or the export shipments which pass through San Antonio en route to the interior of Mexico. The growth of the Maquiladora factories has altered the traditional relationship of San Antonio to the nearby border cities and some San Antonio firms such as Alamo Iron

Works and Southwest Lift, Inc. have responded by establishing facilities in these border cities.

9 TABLE 2 GROWTH IN MAQUILADORA FACTORIES A ND WORKERS

Dec. 1987 Dec. 1988 July 1989 Plants Workers Plants Workers Pl ants Workers

Nuevo Laredo 39 8,769 43 12,288 70 14,991

Piedras Negras 27 6,985 35 7,177 25 7,447

Cd. Acuna 35 9,404 35 12,105 33 13,406

Total 101 25,158 113 31,570 128 35,844

Source: Research files of Dr. John P. Mc Cray.

TYPES OF MAQUILADORA FACTORIES

The 128 Maquiladora factories adjacent to Laredo, Eagle

Pass, and Del Rio are in 17 significantly different types of

industries, as shown in Table 3. Five of these industries are

dominant in terms of employment and the dollar volume of the

products which they purchase. These industries are cloth and

fabric products, leather products, clay products, electronic and

electrical equipment, and transportation equipment. These

seventeen industries have been used in this report to establish the

specific items which Maquiladora factories purchase. A list of

products for each type of firm such as transportation equipment is

shown in Appendix D. A list of Maquiladora firms in Nuevo Laredo, Piedras Negras, and Cd. Acuna, their buying patterns, and location

are contained in Appendices A, B, and C, respectively. The

services which Maquiladora firms use are shown in Appendix E.

10 TABLE 3 TOTAL MAQUILADORA FACTORIES AND WORKERS BY INDUSTRY GROUP

Nuevo Laredo Piedras Negras Cd. Acuna

Firms Employees Firms Employees Firms Employees

Food Products 2 480

Cloth Products 4 385 6 3530 2 1048

Wood Products 5 185

Furniture 2 66 2 172

Paper Prod. 3 129 1 400 1 149

Rubber & Plastics Products 4 186 4 402 4 589

Leather Prod. 7 1935 1 20 3 1078

Clay Products 2 709 2 1365 1 40

Aluminum Foundry 1 423

Fabricated Metal Products 9 972

Commercial Machinery 4 438 2 150

Electronic/ Electrical Equip 10 2943 4 626 11 4108

Transportation Equip 11 4423 2 332 3 2953

Instruments 4 792 1 120 1 325

Misc. Mfg. 2 300 3 841

Coupon Pro- cessing 1 1000 3 2165

Misc. Repair 1 105

Total 70 14,991 25 7447 33 13,406

Source: Research files of Dr. John P. Mc Cray.

11 MAQUILADORA FIRM ORGANIZATION

All Maquiladora factories are organized as Mexican corporations. These Mexican corporations are structured as

independent subsidiaries of U.S. firms, or as shelter operations.

The independent firm may have owners which are all U.S., all

Mexican, all foreign (non U.S. or Mexican) or a combination of these. The shelter is different because it is established with

Mexican ownership to shelter the U.S. client firm from the difficulties of establishing manufacturing operations in Mexico.

Shelter firms charge the U.S. firm on a cost plus basis. Although manufacturing operations in a shelter operation are more costly

than an independent Maquiladora, some large U.S. firms prefer to

operate in Mexico through a Mexican shelter firm to avoid ownership

of a subordinate firm in Mexico and to avoid directly identifying

itself as a Maquiladora manufacturer.

FLOW OF RAW MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND SERVICES

Maquiladora factories adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del

Rio purchase raw materials primarily from non-Texas suppliers,

industrial supplies from border cities and San Antonio, and

services from whereever they are available. The purchase

relationships are summarized below and the specific items which

Maquiladora factories buy are summarized in Appendix D.

FLOW OF RAW MATERIALS

Raw materials are those items that are incorporated into the

final product. Four areas of the United States furnish most of

the raw material product inputs to the Maquila firms adjacent to

12 Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio. These areas of the United States are the upper midwest states of Illinois, Minnesota, Pennsylvania,

Ohio, and Michigan, the southern states of North Carolina, South

Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Arkansas; the New

England states of New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; and the

far western states of California and Colorado.

Table 4 summarizes the location of firms which sell the majority of raw material input products. The most costly products

are furnished by firms in the upper midwest. This region of the

United States is also the location of many of the corporate and

regional headquarters of large Maquiladora parent firms such as

General Motors, Chrysler, Ford, and A.0 Smith.

TABLE 4 REGIONAL ORIGIN OF MAQUILADORA RAW MATERIAL

UPPER MIDWEST NEW ENGLAND SOUTH FAR WEST

Leather Cloth Cloth Earth Minerals Leather Paper Products Products Metal Products Wire Aluminum Ingots Heavy Machinery Textile Machinery Wire Electrical Equip. Electronic Equip.

Source: Research files of Dr. John P. Mc Cray.

FLOW OF INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES

Industrial supplies comprise items that are necessary for

production or those consumed in the production process. Industrial

supplies, unlike raw material inputs, tend to be furnished by

distribitorships in cities that are much closer to the Maquiladora

factories. Timely delivery, product quality, and service are the

13 most significant competitive factors in supplying these items to

Maquiladora factories. San Antonio plays a significant role in selling industrial supplies to Maquiladoras. Several Maquiladora managers, when interviewed, specifically mentioned San Antonio

firms as those supplying their industrial supplies. Among the

items which San Antonio firms sell to the Maquiladora plants are

cardboard boxes, industrial tools, forklifts, hardware, plastic

and plastic processing machinery, lumber, and chemicals.

FLOW OF SERVICES

Some of the services used by Maquiladora factories are

transportation, specialized accounting services; engineering and

architectural services; specialized insurance; training and

development; specialized banking; specialized legal services;

commercial real estate; specialized software for production,

inventory, personnel, payroll, and distribution; and security.

These services tend to be provided from the closest city which has

firms that can provide an adequate level of service. This research

identified the following San Antonio service firms which directly

solicit Maquiladora business: Professional Development Group,

Martin Drought and Torres Inc., Camp and Einstein, S&W Technical

Services, Geo Communications Inc., Campbell's Delivery Service, and

Begal Transportation Co. Expansion of sales by San Antonio

service firms offers a major opportunity for additional

participation as Maquiladora factory suppliers. The major types

of services which are used by Maquiladora factories adjacent to

Laredo, Eagle Pass, Del Rio are shown in Appendix E.

14 SELLING TO ADJACENT BORDER CITY MAQUILADORA FACTORIES

Maquiladora firms adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio purchase approximately 358 million dollars worth of products and

services in three distinct patterns--Plant Purchase, Mixed Purchase

and Kit Purchase.

The Plant Purchase Maquila is an independent firm in which the

purchase decision for all input products, industrial supplies, and

services, originates from the plant in Mexico. The Mixed Purchase

Maquila is usually the subsidiary of a large U.S. manufacturing

firm in which the purchase decision for industrial supplies and

services originates from the plant, but suppliers for raw material

input purchases must be authorized by the home office. The Kit

Purchase Maquila is a tightly held subsidiary of a major U.S.

corporation which receives a kit of raw material inputs from its

distant parent firm in the U.S., then processes the final assembly

in the Maquiladora factory.

PLANT PURCHASE MAQUILADORA

The Plant Purchase Maquiladora is a complete manufacturing

facility in the sense that virtually all of the purchase decisions

for raw materials, industrial supplies, and services are made at

the factory in Mexico. Salesmen should approach this firm prepared

to explain the cost advantages, quality and delivery that their

products offer. The decision to purchase raw material input

products, industrial supplies, and services will usually be made

by the plant manager or purchasing agents at the plant in Mexico.

Because purchase decisions are made locally they can usually be

15 made much more quickly than in the case of the Mixed Purchase firm.

Plant Purchase Maquiladoras are clearly identified in Appendices

A, B, and C which list the Maquiladora factories adjacent to

Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio. Representative specific items

which the Maquiladora factories purchase are listed in Appendix D.

MIXED PURCHASE MAQUILADORA

Over 60% of all Maquiladora factories which were included in

this research are Mixed Purchase Maquiladoras. The Mixed Purchase

Maquiladora has a sophisticated purchasing department, but the

major purchases of input raw materials, industrial supplies, and

services are completed differently than in a Plant Purchase

Maquiladora. Input raw materials which are incorporated into the

product require approval from regional or corporate headquarters.

Often new products must be tested and evaluated before the product

is placed on an approved vendor list. San Antonio businesses

should plan on a lengthy approval process in order to be included

as raw material suppliers for Mixed Purchase Maquiladoras.

Mixed Purchase Maquiladoras buy industrial supplies from

nearby firms that offer acceptable product selection, quality,

service, and price. An exception is equipment that exceeds a

specified dollar amount which will require approval from the home

office. Mixed Purchase Maquiladoras buy services that are

necessary to manufacturing and transportation from the closest

firms that offer an acceptable level of expertise.

San Antonio firms that wish to sell raw materials to

Maquiladora factories should plan on substantial delays and expense

16 to have a new raw material input product accepted by the parent firm of the Maquila and possibly by the parent firm's major customers. This process could take as long as two years. Often at the end of this lengthy process the San Antonio firm will only be given a small percentage of the Maquiladora's total requirement for that item while orders for the majority of these inputs will continue to go to the traditional suppliers.

During this research, managers were interviewed that had informed the Texas Department of Commerce that they were looking for local suppliers. When these managers were questioned in detail about accepting new suppliers it was apparent that they were only looking for alternative suppliers offering a lower price which would give them an opportunity to bargain for lower prices with their traditional suppliers.

In many instances the raw material suppliers to Maquiladora manufacturers have long standing supplier relationships. In some instances the present supplier firms are owned by the parent firm of the Maquila leaving limited opportunities for a new supplier.

These firms should be approached with caution when attempting to sell raw material inputs to the final product. These firms traditionally buy these items in large quantities directly from the producer and demand excellent quality, rigorous delivery schedules, and low prices.

Firms wishing to sell industrial supplies to Mixed Purchase

Maquiladoras will usually receive a cordial welcome if they can provide satisfactory price, service, and quality. Firms selling

17 services will receive a reception that is based on the parent

firm's evaluation of the need for that service, but the local plant manager usually has the authority to purchase the service once

authorized. Mixed Purchase Maquiladoras are clearly marked in

Appendices A, B and C. The specific items which these firms

purchase are shown in Appendix D.

KIT PURCHASE MAQUILADORA

Only two Kit Purchase Maquiladoras were identified in this

research. The Kit Purchase Maquiladora is difficult to sell to

because most of the input products are purchased and assembled into

a kit at a distant location in the U.S. Often the production kit

is assembled by the parent firm which owns the Maquiladora factory.

Many of these firms manufacture items from cloth which is pre-cut

in the U.S. and assembled in the Maquiladora factory in Mexico.

Most of the items the Kit Purchase Maquiladoras needs in order to

manufacture the final product are included in the kit. To sell to

this type of firm, the salesman must call on the parent, most

likely in Tennessee, Ohio, or Michigan, where the purchasing

decisions are made.

IDENTIFYING ADJACENT MAQUILADORA FACTORIES AND SPECIFIC PURCHASES

The Maquiladora factories adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and

Del Rio are shown in Appendices A, B, and C respectively. The

specific items which are purchased by each type of factory are

shown in Appendix D. San Antonio managers that are considering

selling to Maquiladora factories should read Appendices A, B and

C to identify Maquiladora factories that might be likely customers.

18 When a specific Maquiladora factory has been identified, specific products which the Maquila buys are shown for the type of firm such

as transporation in Appendix D. San Antonio firms wishing to sell

services to Maquiladora factories should review the list of

services in Appendix E.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SAN ANTONIO BUSINESS

Analysis of the data which was gathered in this research

indicates that several opportunities are available to San Antonio

businesses that wish to sell products and services to Maquiladora

factories. These opportunities are to increase the sale of

industrial supplies, sell San Antonio produced raw materials, and

sell services. Also, the city of San Antonio can increase the

participation of San Antonio based firms in the Maquiladora program

by convincing large Maquiladora suppliers to relocate manufacturing

facilities in San Antonio, by attracting regional and corporate

headquarters, and groups of knowledge workers of large firms with

extensive Maquiladora factories adjacent to San Antonio in Mexico.

Because of San Antonio's cultural, economic, and educational

opportunities, it is a natural location for large firms seeking to

be close to their border factories.

INCREASE THE SALES OF INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES

Presently the strongest presence that San Antonio firms have

in the supply of Maquiladoras is in industrial supply. This

presence has become well established and many Maquiladora firms

look to San Antonio as a location for industrial supply firms.

Additional San Antonio firms should be encouraged to sell

19 industrial supplies to Maquiladora firms.

Appendices A, B, and C identify the Maquiladora firms adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio. San Antonio businesses may use

these Appendices to identify the firms that could become customers

and Appendix D to identify the specific products which the

Maquiladora factory purchases.

SELL SAN ANTONIO MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

Firms in San Antonio which manufacture electronic devices,

screw machine parts, measuring instruments, aluminum cans, stainless steel fittings, computers, electronic equipment and

switches should be encouraged to sell to Maquiladora factories.

San Antonio manufacturing firms can identify prospective

Maquiladora firms in Appendices A,B and C and specific products

which the firms buy in Appendix D.

SELL SERVICES

Significant opportunities are available for San Antonio firms

to provide services such as insurance, banking, specialized legal

services, and training to the Maquiladora firms. In reviewing the

services available at various border locations, it is clear that

service support for the Maquila factories is well developed in El

Paso, but there has been a lack of development in the border region

adjacent to San Antonio. The services which Maquiladora factories

use are contained in Appendix E. The type and size of specific

firms is listed in Appendices A, B and C. San Antonio service

firms should be encouraged to sell their services directly to

Maquiladora factories.

20 ATTRACT FIRMS THAT ARE MAQUILADORA INPUT MANUFACTURERS

As shown in this report, many Maquiladora firms that have moved manufacturing operations to plants adjacent to the Texas border have maintained supplier relationships with firms that

remain in the upper midwest. As sales to the Maquiladora firms grow as a proportion of these midwest firms' total sales, it becomes increasingly difficult to remain competitive and pay the

shipping cost to the Mexican border. Non-Texas firms that are major suppliers to Maquiladora factories should be encouraged to

relocate manufacturing facilities to San Antonio.

ATTRACT REGIONAL AND CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

Many large U.S. firms have now established a large portion of

their manufacturing facilities in Maquiladora factories adjacent

to the Texas border. The regional and corporate headquarters of

these firms are candidates to relocate to San Antonio where time,

distance, and communications are favorable to control Maquiladora

operations more easily. Additional research should be conducted

and the firms adjacent to El Paso, McAllen, and Brownsville should

be added to the present data and analyzed to determine the

opportunity to attract these firms to San Antonio.

ATTRACT ORGANIZATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE WORKERS

Often knowledge workers such as engineers, accountants,

lawyers, and marketing and distribution specialists work near but

not at the location of manufacturing facilities. There is an

opportunity for San Antonio to attract knowledge worker

organizations of firms that have major Maquiladora facilities.

21 NEED FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR SAN ANTONIO BUSINESSES

There are approximately 549 Maquiladora factories adjacent to

the Texas border. This report has summarized the buying patterns

for the 128 Maquiladora factories adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass,

and Del Rio. Although this research makes a significant

contribution to our knowledge of Maquiladora factories, additional

information is necessary for San Antonio to properly capitalize on

the growth of Maquiladoras. Additional cities in Texas which

should be included in a study of this type are Cd. Juarez with 290

Maquiladora firms, Matamoros with 72 firms, and Reynosa with 43

firms. The 128 Maquiladoras in this study represent annual

purchases of over 358 million dollars of products, most of which

pass through San Antonio. A study of the remaining firms would

help to clarify the full potential available to San Antonio

businesses wishing to sell to Maquiladora firms.

Since this report has established a methodology, considerable

savings will be possible if the research is continued within the

next thirty days. A report similar to this report on Matamoros or

Reynosa, or Cd. Juarez could be prepared in three months. The

specific price of the research would be negotiable.

ATTRACTING MAQUILADORA SUPPLIER FIRMS

As explained in this research, the relationships between

Maquiladora factories and their suppliers are tenacious. But since

their suppliers have increased costs due to the additional

22 transportation in sending products to the Texas border to supply

Maquiladora factories, there are opportunities to attract these

firms to Texas. Traditional supplier firms of the Maquiladora

factories can be identified, and the quantities of the products which they sell to Maquiladora plants estimated. A brief report

describing the character of these firms and estimates of their

sales to Maquiladoras could be accomplished in six months if

undertaken before October 30, 1989. The cost of this research

would be negotiable.

ATTRACTING REGIONAL AND CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

The recent rapid growth of the number of Maquila plants and

workers creates the opportunity to attract corporate or regional

headquarters of Maquiladora firms to San Antonio. Research should

be conducted which establishes the location of the headquarters of

these firms and the extent of their total operations which are now

adjacent to the Texas border. A report summarizing the large U.S.

corporations and their presence in the Maquiladora plants adjacent

to the Texas border could be accomplished within four months if

undertaken before October 30, 1989. The price of this research

would be negotiable.

ESTABLISHING SAN ANTONIO BUSINESS TRADE PATTERNS WITH MEXICO

During the course of this research it became apparent that

over 15,000 trucks loaded with U.S. exports travel into Mexico

through Laredo each month. San Antonio could play a major role as

a marketing and distribution center for products exported to Mexico

and for Mexican firms that import into the U.S. Research could be

23 undertaken which identifies the types of products which are

imported through Laredo to Texas and exported through Laredo to

Mexico. A research report that summarizes these relationships and

includes specific recommendations for action could be accomplished

in eight months if undertaken before October 30, 1989. The cost

of the research would be negotiable.

CONCLUSION

In recent years Maquiladora factories adjacent to San Antonio

on the Mexican border have grown in number to 128. These factories

employ 35,844 Mexicans and purchase over 358 million dollars of

raw materials, industrial supplies, and services. San Antonio

businesses have an opportunity to increase their sales to these

Maquiladora factories, and the city of San Antonio has the

opportunity to attract raw material suppliers, organizations of

knowledge workers, and regional and corporate headquarters

connected to the Maquiladora factories.

24 APPENDIX A

LIST OF MAQUILADORAS IN NUEVO LAREDO APPENDIX A

NUEVO LAREDO

MEXICAN FIRM: AMERICAN PARENT:

Cloth Products Costuras y Mochilas International Sewing Co. Internacional 4010 N. Jarvis V. Carranza #3830 Laredo, TX 78041 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-724-8933 Telephone: 4-0364 Contact: Carl Karassik, Pres. Contact: Carl Karassik, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 64 Product: Back packs & sports bags

Estructuras Inflables S.A. de Air Building Systems C.V. 3712 Santa Ursula Aquiles Serdan 3150 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-724-6331 Telephone: 4-9630 Contact: Eduardo Escudero, Mgr Contact: Cesar Millan, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 10 Product: Inflatable tents for warehouses

Industrias Tri-Con de Mexico Tri-Con Industries S.A. 334a North Broadview St. Rio Grande Industrial Park Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 Ave. California #1 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Contact: Telephone: 2-6970 Contact: Jim Fowler, Mgr. Firm Type: KP No. Emp.: 283 Product: OEM Auto seat covers

A-1 Lucas Galvan Lopez Los Amigos Distribution Center America 2106 2220 Sanchez Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78040

Telephone: 4-1336 Telephone: 512-727-1500 Contact: Lucas Galvan, Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 28 Product: Industrial rags

Wood Products

Cocinas Integrales de Nuevo Mhiro Int'l Kitchen Inc. Laredo 5100 Santa Maria Pedro J. Mendez #1743 Laredo, TX 78766 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-724-8388 Telephone: 4-0871 Contact: Oscar Martinez Perez, Contact: Sr. Oscar Martinez Mgr. Perez, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 10 Product: Kitchen Cabinets

Jesus Flores Merlos Deluxe Cabinets of Laredo Belden #5504 1118 Commerce Dr. Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 2-3464/3-2382 Telephone: (512) 772-1120 Contact: Jesus Flores Merlos, Contact: Luis Flores, Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 35 Product: Custom Made Cabinets

Madera Superior de Nuevo, S.A. Metroplex Wood Mfg. Inc. de C.V. P.O. Box 7027 Chihuahua 4201 Laredo, TX 78042 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-727-5480 Telephone: Contact: Barry Hendler, Mgr. Contact: Jose Luis Contreras, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 30 Product: Packaging pallets

A-2 Maquila Lobo de Mexico S.A. de Vision Products, Inc. C.V. 4904 Fredericksburg Rd. Jesus Carranza 3213 San Antonio, TX 78229 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 5-1544 Contact: Contact: Todd Wolf, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 70 Product: Wooden Window Frames

Rosa Alvarado Navor Integral Kitchens Kilometro 16.5 7200 McPherson Carretera Nac. Laredo, TX 78041 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-724-4521 Telephone: 2-7712 Contact: Juan Ramirez, Mgr. Contact: Rosa Alvarado, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 40 Product: Kitchen Cabinets

Furniture

Accesorios de Entretenimiento The Rack Factory S.A. de C.V. 730 Perez Venustiano Carranza #2330 San Antonio, TX 78207 Col. Guerrero Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-227-7734 Contact: Roger Dill, Mgr. Telephone: 5-2480 Contact: Genero Gutierrez Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 41 Product: Wood, Plastic, metal racks

Vision Automotriz de N.Laredo Vision Automotive Ave. Morelos #1909 2802 Davis Col. Guerrero Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-725-9700 Telephone: 4-7025, 5-1408 Contact: Enrique Garcia-Cano, Contact: Enrique Garcia-Cano, Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 25 Product: TV Consoles

A-3 Paper Products

Gilardo Villarde Sanchez Eddie Morgan Venustiano Carranza 1708 3 Box 14 Men Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Moria, KY 42061

Telephone: 4-3102 Telephone: Contact: Gilardo V. Sanchez, Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 25 Product: Disposable paint strainers

Koelling Metals, Div. of American Industries G.B.C. 325 Manor Road Parque Modulo Ind.de Laredo, TX 78041 America Carretera Nal. KM 8.5 Oriente Telephone: Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Contact: Byron Buell

Telephone: 4-1043 Contact: Garth Wayman, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 60 Product: Metal Ring Binders

STACO Internacional, S.A. de Not Available C.V. Iturbide No. 1401 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 5-1781, 2-3599 Contact: Contact: Gilardo Velarde,Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 44 Product: Hanging file folders

Flexi de Nuevo Laredo, S.A. de Lottee Lee Company C.V. 609 McCleland Comonfort 2620 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-722-6762 Telephone: 5-3002 Contact: Bert Kraus, Owner Contact: Bert Kraus, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 30 Product: Industrial Gaskets

A-4 General Binding Corp. American Industries #1 G.B.C. Plaza, Parque Ind. 325 Manor Road de America, KM 8.5 Oriente, Laredo, Texas 78041 Carr.Nac. Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Contact: Byron Buell Telephone: 5-2325 Contact: Leo Diaz, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 56 Product: Plastic Ring Binders

Industrias Corama, S.A. de Amaray International Corp. C.V. 1492 N. E. 95th St. Constitucion 2014 Redmond, WA 98052-2508 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 206-881-1000 Telephone: 5-1294 Contact: Contact: Jose Luis Machado Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 40 Product: Plastic injection molding

Maquiladora 2 Laredos Olmos Industries Macclovio Herrera 2203 2502 Guadalupe Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78040

Telephone: 4-1336 Telephone: 512-724-6569 Contact: Hector Vasquez, Mgr. Contact: Tony Gomez, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 60 Product: Gloves & Disp. overalls

Leather Products

Alta Products de Nuevo Laredo Alta Products Corp. of Texas S.A. de C.V. RR 4 Box 17858 Carrillo Rd. Aldama 2151 Del Mar Ind. Park Col. Juarez Laredo, TX 78041 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-722-8202 Telephone: 5-0077 Contact: Oscar Salazar Contact: Roger F. Kissam,Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 127 Product: Slippers

A-5 Barry de Mexico, S.A. Barry of Laredo Cesar Lopez de Lara #3130 International Ind. Park Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico International Drive Laredo, TX 78041 Telephone: 4-0518, 4-0728 Contact: Ed Salgado, Mgr. Telephone: 512-722-4631 Firm Type: MP Contact: Mark Pease, Mgr. No. Emp.: 1,300 Product: Ladies Slippers

Bolsas de Laredo Jolie Handbag, Inc. V. Carranza 2417 4603 Warehouse Lane Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico P.O. Box 67 Laredo, TX 78040 Telephone: 5-3246 Contact: Francisco Martinez, Telephone: 512-724-4892 Mgr. Contact: Mark De Coveny, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 65 Product: Ladies Handbags

Costuras y Ensambladoras de Vinyl and Urethane, Inc. Nuevo Laredo S.A. de C.V. 307 Market La Fragua 2811 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-723-5152 Telephone: 4-3759 Contact: Uri or Ronny Salamon Contact: Jose Luis Dominguez, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 35 Product: Vinyl bags

Ensambladora Industrial Phoenix Assembly Corporation Mecanico 220 Guadalupe Automotriz, S.A. P.O. Box 389 P. Trevino 4164 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: (512) 727-4199 Telephone: 4-2677/4-0810 Contact: Pepe Trevino, Pres. Contact: Lic. Jose Luna, plant Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 50 Product: Bausch & Lomb sunglass cases

A-6 Grupo B.P.C. S.A. de C.V. Lottee Lee Company Comonfort 2620 609 McClelland Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78040

Telephone: 5-3004 Telephone: 512-722-6762 Contact: Bert Kraus, Mgr. Contact: Bert Kraus, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 18 Product: Dog collars & Leashes

Mex-Moc, S.A. de C.V. Dentex Shoe Co. Avenida Reforma #4952 Del Mar Ind. Park Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico P.O. Box 1774 Laredo, TX 78044-1774 Telephone: 4-0542 Contact: John G. Spohn, Mgr. Telephone: 512-727-1774 Firm Type: PP Contact: James P. Masino, Mgr. No. Emp.: 340 Product: Casual Shoes

Clay Products

Delredo, S.A de C.V. General Motors Parque Industrial O.L. P.O. Box 1718 Longoria Laredo, TX 78041 Manuel Avila Camacho Lot. 6 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Contact: Telephone: 2-6554/2-6471 Contact: Ron Allman, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 670 Product: Cermic magnets

Reynaldo Gonzalez Vela Donato Guerra #902 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico CFL Corporation Telephone: 601 S. 23rd. Street Contact: Reynaldo Garza Vela, Fairfield, IA 52556 Owner Firm Type: PP Telephone: 515-472-8279 No. Emp.: 39 Contact: Jim Altmaier, Dir. Product: Crystalline figurines Mfg.

A-7 Aluminum Foundry

Industrias Fronterizas CMI CMI International, Inc. S.A. P.O. Box 3278 Longoria Ind. Park Laredo, TX 78044-3278 Gral. Avila Camacho & Iturbide Telephone: 512-725-8308 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Contact:

Telephone: 2-6244 Contact: George Kitkowski, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 423 Product: Auto castings

Fabricated Metal Products

BTM Grupo Technologico, S.A. Banktec, Inc. Praxedis Lopez Ramos No. 700 1100 FM 1960 W. Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Suite 320 Houston, TX 77090 Telephone: Contact: Armando Espinoza, Telephone: 713-847-8890 Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 145 Product: Vaults & safety deposit boxes

Controles de Nuevo Laredo Robertshaw-New Stanton Rio Grande Industrial Park 100 Manufacturing Road Lot 10 Del Mar Industrial Park Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 3-1414 Telephone: 512-724-7173 Contact: Manuel Rivera Contact: Fred Cox, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 140 Product: Gas valves for thermostats

A-8 Industrias Nagel de Mexico, Nagel Manufacturing S.A. de C.V. P.O. Box 9386 Fidel Velasquez #2 Austin, TX 78766 Nave #1 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-837-4800 Contact: William Nagel, CEO Telephone: Contact: Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 40 Product: Metal, Plastic, wood clothes hangers

Industrias Rheem Rheem Corp. Parque Ind. Los Dos Laredos Northgate Lane Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Bldg. C., Suite 2016 Laredo, TX 78041 Telephone: Contact: Walter Casey, Mgr. Telephone: Firm Type: MP Contact: No. Emp.: 434 Product: Electrical & gas boilers

Industrias Metalicas U.S. Sporting Products, Inc. Chilapa 4403 Box 221 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Spring Branch, TX 78070

Telephone: 4-9640 Telephone: 512-885-4203 Contact: Federico Guajardo, Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 28 Product: Alum. boxes, cattle guards

Industrias Costeras de Nuevo Laredo S.A. de C.V. Coastal Manufacturing, Inc. Carratera Nacional KM 8 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico San Antonio, TX

Telephone: 4-5511 Telephone: Contact: Arturo Guajardo de Contact: Jack Walker, Mgr. Luna, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 27 Product: Strong boxes, iron gates

A-9 Instrumentos Invalvo National Bank Ave. Industria 6060 #9 Boomtown Dr. Transormacion y Retonda South Industrial Park Parque Ind. Finsa Laredo, TX 78041 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-725-9125 Telephone: 5-3979 Contact: Eric Kaszynski, Mgr. Contact: Eric Kaszynski, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 20 Product: Oil field valve instruments

Productos de Nuevo Laredo, P.F.P. Corporation S.A. 1619 East Side Drive Madero entre America y Wichita Falls, TX 76303 Articulo 123 Col. Hidalgo C.P. 88000 Telephone: Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Contact: Joel R. Gibbons, Mgr.

Telephone: 3-1324 Contact: Jorge Padilla, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 21 Product: Stainless steel clamps

Sundstrand Tranferencia de Sundstrand Corp. Calor S.A. de C.V. 2000 Pierce Parque Ind. Los Dos Laredos Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-722-8788 Telephone: 5-1641, 5-1511 Contact: Contact: Earl Kennet, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 117 Product: Heat Exchangers

A-10 Commercial Machinery

Climas del Bravo S.A. de C.V. Smith & Sons Sales, Inc. Jose de Escandon 2243 Route 1, Box 156-40 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Boyd, TX 76023

Telephone: 5-3330 Telephone: Contact: Rodolfo Rendon Garza, Contact: Joe Smith, Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 40 Product: Auto A/C compressors

Controles Temex, S.A. de C.V. Robertshaw Controls Rio Grande Ind. Park Northgate Lane, Bldg. C Lot 8 Esq. Texas y Florida Suite 389 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 2-5986, 2-5924 Telephone: 512-724-6170 Contact: Guillermo Ruiz, Mgr. Contact: Fred Cox, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 250 Product: Time Controls

Industrias Nuevo Laredo, S.A. Border Manufacturing de C.V. 1904 Aduanales Mina #4524 Laredo, TX 78041 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: (512) 724-1010 Telephone: 2-1000/1500 Contact: David Dodier, Mgr. Contact: David Dodier, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 120 Product: A/C Compressors

Projectos Industriales de North American Distribution Export 3500 Oakmont Mina 1620 Suite 101 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Austin, TX 78731

Telephone: 4-0798, 4-0674 Telephone: Contact: Ing. Gabriel Contact: Joe Ramsey, Mgr. Covarrubias, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 28 Product: Hydraulic ramps

A-11 Electronic/Electrical Equip.

Componentes de Iluminacion de Glass Crafters Mexico, S.A. 420 South I Constitucion #3302 Fort Smith, AR 501-452-5122 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 4-3491 Contact: Contact: Roberto Britron,Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 116 Product: Light Fixtures

Ensambladora Industrial Phoenix Assembly Corp. Mecanico 220 Guadalupe Automotriz, S.A. P.O. Box 389 P. Trevino 4164 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 4-2677/4-0810 Contact: Pepe Trevino, Pres. Contact: Oscar Ramirez, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 30 Product: Toastmaster Heater Element Cards

KEC Electronica, S.A. de C.V. Klinger Electric Corp. Calle Guanajuato 4051 801 Armadillo Lane y esquina Cesar Lopez Lara Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 512-744-1055 Contact: Contact: Ed Thrush, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 50 Product: Electronic harness fixtures

Luces de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Not Available Rio Grande Ind. Park 1214 Shiloh Rio Grande Esq. California Laredo Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico TX, 78041

Telephone: 2-7277 Telephone: Contact: :Leroy Hamilton, Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 168 Product: Lamps

A-12 Magneticos de Mexico, S.AA. Sony Magnetics of America, Avenida Ocampo #2840 Inc. Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Del Mar Industrial Park Rt. 4, Box 278W Telephone: 4-4560, 4-4246 Laredo, TX 78041 Contact: Jerry Brochin, Mgr. Firm Type: MP Telephone: 512-727-7200 No. Emp.: 1,590 Contact: Jerry Brochin, Mgr. Product: Audio & Video Cassettes

Maquila "2000", S.A. de C.V. Fashion Plastics, Inc. 5 de Feb. 2255 Iturbide y P.O. Box 3057 D. Guerra 2318 Mier St. Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78044

Telephone: 5-0311 Telephone: 512-725-9256 Contact: Ruben Martinez, Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 62 Product: Assembly o f electronic comp.

Maquila de Lourdes del Valle Lottee Lee Co. Canseco 609 McClelland Comonfort 2510 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-722-6762 Telephone: 5-3003 Contact: Bert Kraus, Owner Contact: Bert Kraus, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 26 Product: Wire Harnesses

Prosindu S.A. de C.V. Prospect Industries Constitucion #3302 201 Nutmeg Route South Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Southwindsor, CT 06074

Telephone: 4-3491 Telephone: 203-528-9119 Contact: Maria Antoinieta Contact: Amim Sabbagh, Pres. Sierra Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 117 Product: Lamps

A-13 Springfield Wire de Mexico, Springfield Wire, Inc. S.A. No. 5 Tejas Loop Juarez #3815 No. 1 Ind. Park y 15 de Sept. 3013 Laredo, TX 78041 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-723-2651 Telephone: 4-0175, 4-0332 Contact: Ing. Leonel Trevino, Contact: Ing. Leonel Trevino, Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 375 Product: Resistors

Wiegand, S.A. de C.V. Emerson Electric/Chromalux Rio Grande Industrial P.O. Box 6057 Coahuila y Gral. Lucio Blanco Laredo, TX 78042 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 2-5505, 2-5506 Contact: Contact: Jaime Loera, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 409 Product: Heating Elements

Transportation Equip.

Aero Reparaciones, S.A. Aero Technical Services Allende 1417 702 Villa Lane Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico P.O. Box 2601 Laredo, TX 78041 Telephone: 2-2960 Contact: Norberto Gutierrez, Telephone: 512-726-1446 Mgr. Contact: Norberto Gutierrez, Firm Type: MP Mgr. No. Emp.: 10 Product: Reblding Jet Engines

Alambrados Automotrices S.A. Packard Electric Co. de C.V. McPherson Road & Gale Plant #1-Longoria Ind. Park Laredo, TX 78040 Iturbide #6970 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-726-1621 Contact: Dino DeFalco, Mgr. Telephone: 2-1746, 2-2745 Contact: Nick Quinn, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1580 Product: Auto Wire Harnesses

A-14 Alambrados Automotrices S.A. Packard Electric Co. de C.V. McPherson Road & Gale Plant #2-Finsa Ind. Park Laredo, TX 78040 Calle Fide Velasquez S/N Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-726-1621 Contact: Dino DeFalco, Mgr. Telephone: Contact: Raul Cuellar, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1075 Product: Auto Wire Harnesses

Auto Productos Nacionales S.A. Laredo Machinery & Equipment de C.V. 1010 Santa Maria Aldama #2101 Laredo, TX 78040 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 512-723-3091 Telephone: Contact: Contact: Jaime Garcia, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 10 Product: Auto Radiators

Eagle Allen Executive Auto, Allen Coach Works, Inc. S.A. 131 Flecha Lane Nuevo Leon 1720 P.O. Box 1973 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 4-3250, 4-1220 Telephone: 512-724-5021 Contact: Carlos Perry Allen Contact: John Adams, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 100 Product: Custom Auto Conversions

Grupo Radiadores Daniel Larco Automotive Co. Reforma #3702 1010 Santa Maria Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78040

Telephone: 4-0538 Telephone: (512) 723-3091 Contact: Ing. Jaime Garcia Contact: Ricardo Gomez, Owner Gomez, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 120 Product: Radiators for autos, tractors

A-15 Handy & Harmon Daniel Radiator Corp. Rio Grande Ind. Park Lot 9 Tejas Loop East Calle Florida 1/2 lot 14 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78040

Telephone: 2-9625, 2-9371 Telephone: 512-724-6794 Contact: Daniel Garcia, Mgr. Contact: Carole Schaedle, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 195 Product: Radiators, Vacuum harnesses

Jesse Martinez International Jesse Martinez Auto Parts S.A. 1301 San Bernardo Campeche 2013 P.O. Box 1405 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 4-6464 Telephone: 512-722-0904 Contact: Jesse Martinez, Mgr. Contact: Jorge Martinez, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 15 Product: Repairs, Renovations

Lamosa, S.A. de C.V. Ford Motor Co. Rio Grande Ind. Park P.O. Box 6837 #1 Michigan Blvd. Laredo, TX 78042 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 2-0563, 2-6017 Contact: Contact: John Gross, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1,024 Product: Assembly of Catalytic converters

Maquiladora Grupo Nova Nova Link Limited Partership Ave. Finsa #2 700 E. Levee Parque Ind. Finsa Suite 102 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Brownsville, TX 78520

Telephone: 5-1543, 5-1603 Telephone: Contact: Jorge Vela Guadiana Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 269 Product: Assemble Auto Radiators

A-16 Technologia Modificada S.A. de Caterpillar Inc. C.V. 607 San Agustin St. Avenida de la Republica 57 P.O. Box 3599 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78044-3599

Telephone: 4-8828 Telephone: 512-727-8179 Contact: Ruben Valdez, Mgr. Contact: Roland Turner, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 25 Product: Fuel injectors for diesel engines

Instruments

Carretera Nacional, Fotesa American Industries Kodak II 325 Manor Road KM 8.5 Oriente Laredo, TX 78041 Parque Modulo Ind. de America Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Contact: Byron Buell Telephone: 4-8513, 4-3540 Contact: Jim Schwartzott, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 300 Product: Cameras

Kenetic Concepts Not Available Comonfort 2610 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico

Telephone: 4-1961 Telephone: Contact: Jaime Garcia, Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 42 Product: Medical air bags and sheets

A-17 Productos Medline, S.A. de Dynacor Division Medline Inc. C.V. 1 Medline Place Peru #3825, Colonia Juarez Mundelein, IL 60060 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 312-949-3051 Telephone: 4-8809, 512-723- Contact: 4028 Contact: Eliseo Olivares Escamilla, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 50 Product: Assembly of med kits

Sistemas y Instrumentaciones, Combustion Engineering S.A. (Taylor Instruments) Madero #4717 610 Maher Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 3-1050 Telephone: 512-724-9648 Contact: Harlan Bennett, Mgr. Contact: Raul Zapata, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 400 Product: Process Control Instruments

Misc. Mfg.

Luremex, S.A. de C.V. Plastic Research & Development Gutierrez 4935 3601 Jenny Lind Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Fort Smith, AR 72901

Telephone: 3-1730 Telephone: 501-782-8971 Contact: Santa Monica Cruz, Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 80 Product: Fishing Lures

Maquiluno de Laredo, S.A. de Corona Plastics, Inc. C.V. 400 Morris Ave. Guatemala #3739 Danville, NJ 07834 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: 201-625-2211 Telephone: 5-2152, 5-2333 Contact: Contact: John Kearney, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 220 Product: Cosmetic compacts

A-18 Coupon Processing

A.C. Nielsen de Mexico A.C. Nielsen Guerreo #2601 125 Flecha Lane Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Laredo, TX 78041

Telephone: 4-71-33, 4-72-40 Telephone: 512-722-2332 Contact: Manuel Ramos, Mgr. Contact: Mario Serna, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1000 Product: Coupon Auditing

Misc. Repairs

Elemex de Nuevo Laredo, S.A. Elamex Co. de C.V. 3440 N. Buena Vista Parque Ind. Rio Bravo Suite 601 Paseo Loma Real Laredo, TX 78043 Nuevo Laredo, Tamps., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 4-7799, 4-7991 Contact: Todd Rutkowski, Sales Contact: Arturo Vasquez, Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 105 Product: Repair of Telephones, terminals

A-19 APPENDIX B

LIST OF MAQUILADORAS IN PIEDRAS NEGRAS APPENDIX B

PIEDRAS NEGRAS

MEXICAN FIRM: AMERICAN PARENT:

Food Products

Amex Casing, S.A. de C.V. Amex Casing Corp. San Andres #500 3572 Del Rio Hwy. Col. Bravo P.O. Box 2427 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Eagle Pass, TX 78853

Telephone: 2-42-38, 2-42-61 Telephone: 512-773-8755 Contact: Contact: Gary Paluch, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 200 Product: Sausage Casings

Dewied Internacional, S.A. de Dewied International, Inc. C.V. 4242 Milling Rd. Victoria Norte 2408 San Antonio, TX Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico Telephone: 512/359-3000 Contact: Telephone: 2-01-54, 2-12-19, 2- 16-54 Contact: Ronald Phillips, General Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 280 Product: Sausage Casings

Cloth Products

Bayly Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. Bayly Corporation Juarez 200 OTE Denver Tech Ctr. #22 Despacho 101 So. Valentia Way 5500 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico P.O. Box 5148 Denver, CO 80111 Telephone: 1-09-11, 1-09-12 (Allende) Telephone: 303/773-3850 Contact: Ed Peters, Gen. Mgr. Contact: Bill Corney, President (Allende) Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 730 Product: Jeans

B-1 Carrizo Manufacturing Co. Texas Apparel Co. Div, of S.A. de C.V. Salant Corp Parque Industrial #1 Loop 431 Piedras Negras, Coah.,Mexico P.O. Box 1168 Eagle Pass, TX 78853 Telephone: 3-03-58, 3-08-39 Contact: John Martin, Gen Mgr Telephone: 512/773-9281 Firm Type: MP Contact: John Martin, General No. Emp.: 900 Mgr Product: Slacks, Jeans

Dickies de Piedras Negras, Williamson-Dickie Mfg. Co. #4 S.A. de C.V. Fort Duncan Park Area Ave. Lazaro Cardenas #1233 P. O. Box 560 Col. Buena Vista Eagle Pass, TX 78853 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512/773-2386 Telephone: 2-32-93, 2-10-89 Contact: Willie Kypuros, Plant Contact: Roberto Paez Salazar, Mgr. Plant Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 180 Product: Jeans and Causual Wear

Dimmit Industries, S.A. de Farah Manufacturing Co., Inc. C.V. 8889 Gateway West Ave. Industrial #2 P. O. Box 9519 Parque Industrial Piedras El Paso, TX 79925 Negras Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 915/593-4444 Contact: Mark Dunham, Mfg. V. Telephone: 3-05-03, 3-05-04 Pres. Contact: Manuel Cardenas Garcia, Gen. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1,500 Product: Trousers, Slacks

B-2 Ensambladora del Norte, S.A. de C.V. Ave. Lopez Mateos #1401 Structural Graphics of Texas Col. Nisperos 676 N. Pierce Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico P. O. Box 2329 Eagle Pass, TX. 78853 Telephone: 2-42-22 Contact: Ray Kraus, General Telephone: 512/773-9594, 773- Mgr. 3636 Firm Type: MP Contact: Mario Villalpando, No. Emp.: 100 Wrhse Mgr. Product: Sub-Contracted Sewing

Tenn-Mex, S.A. de C.V. Tennessee Handbags, Inc. Parque Industrial De P.N. Industrial Park Rd at Hwy 92 Edificio #4 P.O. Box 310 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Danbridge, TN 37725

Telephone: 3-01-50 Telephone: 615-397-3112 Contact: Salomon Libson, Plant Contact: Ralph Lichlyter, Gen. Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: KP No. Emp.: 120 Product: Ladies' Handbags, Camera Cases

Furniture

Arte Metalico del Norte, S.A. Wood Metal and Love, Inc. de C.V. 500 Hwy 70 Lopez Portillo #104 Columbiana, AL 35051 Parque Ind. Rio Grande Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 205-669-5141 Contact: John Jones/Gregory Telephone: 3-04-96, 3-09-41 Berquist Contact: Ing. Rafael Sandoval Garcia Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 32 Product: Metal Furniture

B-3 Industrias Campeon, S.A. de Hunter Douglas, Inc. C.V. 2147 El Indio Hwy. Parque Industrial Rio Grande Eagle Pass, TX 78852 Ave. Lopez Portillo #104 Apdo. Postal #39 Telephone: 512/773-9609 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Contact: Hector Garza, General Mgr. Telephone: 3-02-73 Contact: Hector Garza, General Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 140 Product: Mini Blinds

Paper Products

Estructuras Graficas Rio Structural Graphics of Texas Bravo, S.A. de C.V. 676 N. Pierce Libramiento Manuel Perez P. O. Box 2329 Trevino Y Segunda Eagle Pass, Tx. 78853 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512/773-9594, 773- Telephone: 3-02-48, 3-05-10 3636 Contact: Saul Sepulveda, Contact: Mario Villalpando, General Mgr. Wrhse Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 400 Product: Paper Products

Rubber & Plastic Products

Rio Grande Servaas, S.A. de North American Rubber, Inc. C.V. 540 So. Bibb Victoria Nte. 2707 P.O. Box 1128 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Eagle Pass, TX 78853

Telephone: 2-64-76, 2-47-63 Telephone: 512/773-7963 Contact: William Bonner, Gen. Contact: Rogelio Gonzalez, Mgr Wrhse Mgr Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 300 Product: Inner Tubes For Tires

B-4 Artefacto del Norte, S.A. de Artefacto, Inc. C. V. C/O 333 Main St. Galeana NTE. #1413 Eagle Pass, TX 78852 Apdo. Postal 26000 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-773-5103 Contact: Pedro Zepeda, Rep. Telephone: 2-27-13 Contact: Ing. Ricardo de Hoyos, Plant Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 15 Product: Resin Decorator Products

Conexiones y Plasticos de Plastics of Eagle Pass, Inc. P.N., S.A. de C.V. C/O 1238 Winding Ridge Ave. Lopez Portillo #103 Eagle Pass, TX. 78852 Apdo. Postal 249 Piedras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512/773-7520 Contact: Blanca Yolanda Ibarra Telephone: 3-10-39 Contact: Facundo Ibarra, Gen. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 32 Product: PVC Pipe Connections

Plasticos Suroeste, S.A. de Southwest Plastic Binding Co. C.V. Hwy. 57 East Lot 25 Victoria 2700 Nte. P.O. Box 3339 Col. Francisco I. Madero Eagle Pass, TX 78852 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512/773-6716 Telephone: 2-46-24 Contact: Faye Bollinger, Contact: Jim Bollinger, Gen. Office Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 55 Product: Plastic Bindings

B-5 Leather Products

Rogelio Y. Stalker, S.A. de Stalker, Inc. C.V. Box 21 Fisherman's Wharf Panama y Bolivia #100 Fisherman's Wharf Col. Las Delicias Malakoff, TX 75148 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 214/489-1010 Telephone: 3-00-49 Contact: Edgar Hull/Karen Contact: Jose Lopez, Mgr. Hull, Co Owners Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 20 Product: Leather and Synthetic Products

Clay Products

Ceramica Creativa, S.A. de Maruri U.S.A. Div. of Creative C.V. Ceramics Corp. Gustavo A. Madero #200 7541 Woodman Place Piedras Negras, Coah, Mexico Van Nuys CA, 91405

Telephone: 3-02-02, 3-02-03,3- Telephone: 818-780-0704 09-17 Contact: Akihiko Mizuno, Gen. Contact: Tamika Mizuno, Mgr. General Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 990 Product: Ceramic Decorator Products

Obras Maestras, S.A. de C.V. Cer-Mex Ltd. Corp Ave. De Las Torres 1800 2495 AJ Drive APDO. Postal #281 P.O. Box 936 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Eagle Pass, TX 78853

Telephone: 3-00-35, 3-03-35 Telephone: 512/773-8661 Contact: Hideo Asai, General Contact: Hideo Asai, General Mgr. Mgr Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 375 Product: Ceramic Decorator Products

B-6 Electronic/Electrical Products

Arad, S.A. de C.V. Progreso Y Constitucion Prem of Texas Col. Burocrata 3521 N. Chapel Hill Rd. Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico McHenry, IL 60050

Telephone: 2-61-81, 2-04-04 Telephone: 815-385-2700 Contact: Ernesto Ruiz, Adm. Contact: Roger Liston, Mgr. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 120 Product: Electronic transformers and coil windings

Little Fuse, S.A. de C.V. Littlefuse, Inc. Poder Judicial 1005 800 E. Northwest Hwy. APDO. Postal #90 Des Plaines, IL 60016 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 312/824-1188 Telephone: 2-19-04, 2-27-09 Contact: Howard Witt, Vice Contact: Michael Wales, President General Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 400 Product: Electronics, Auto Parts, Alarms

Maquiladora de Componentes y Inter American Twin Industries Ensambles, S.A. De C.V. 848 Ave. B Juarez 205 PTE P.O. Box 4450 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Eagle Pass, TX 78853

Telephone: 2-43-23 Telephone: 512/773-8990 Contact: Aaron Chacon Boone, Contact: Alma Howard, Gen. Mgr. Answering Service Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 70 Product: Lamps, Sub Contracting

B-7 Tecnologia Digital Avanzada General Cable C o . - S.A. de C.V. Communications Div. Calle Comunicacion y Nueva, 6285 Garfield Ave. Seccion E Cass City, MN 73141 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Telephone: Telephone: 2-21-59,2-45-59 Contact: Contact: Juan Jose Cuellar, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 36 Product: Electronic Communication Equipment

Transportation Equipment

Manufacturas Computarizadas, Maverick Industries, Inc. S.A. de C.V. 2309 Diaz Ave., Loop 431 Calle Victoria 2708 Nte. Rt. 2, Box 12 Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico Eagle Pass, TX 78852

Telephone: 2-20-52, 2-26-89 Telephone: 512/773-1108, 773- Contact: John W. Hardt, 1109 General Mgr. Contact: West Hardt, Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 12 Product: High Perf. Auto Parts

Manufacturera de Componentes Pep Industries, Inc. Electricos de Mex., S.A. de 121 Johnson Blvd. C.V. Del Rio, TX 78841-1421 Macoelmex Plant #1, Parque Industrial Amistad Telephone: 512/774-4787 Libramiento Manuel Perez Contact: H.H. Wacaser, Mgr. Trevino S-N Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico

Telephone: 3-04-06, 3-00-61 Contact: Margaret Truay, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 320 Product: Cable Harness Assembly

B-8 Instruments

Stan-Mex, S.A. de C.V. T&T Industries, Inc. Poder Judicial y Comunicacion 3572 Del Rio Hwy. Piedras Negras, Coah., Mexico P.O. Box 2427 Eagle Pass, TX 78853 Telephone: 2-41-36 Contact: Dora Garza, Mgr. Telephone: 512/773-8335 Firm Type: KP Contact: Hector Montemayor, No. Emp.: 120 Mgr. Product: Surgical Supplies

B-9 APPENDIX C

LIST OF MAQUILADORAS IN CD. ACUNA APPENDIX C

CD. ACUNA

MEXICAN FIRM: AMERICAN PARENT:

Cloth Products

Dylsa De Mexico, S.A. Douglas & Lomason Co. Carr Presa La Amistad KM 5 #8 Johnson Boulevard Parque Ind. P.O. Box 420699 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-35-58, 2-35-97 Telephone: 512-775-0547, 774- Contact: Richard Riley, Exec. 4326 Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 600 Product: Auto/Truck Seat Covers

Industrias Irvin De Mexico Irvin Industries Inc. Carr Presa La Amistad KM 6.5 Ind. Park, Fawcett Drive #2 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico P.O. Box 420037 Del Rio, TX 78840 Telephone: 2-33-88, 2-31-44 Contact: Kirby Fight, Pnt. Telephone: 512-775-3277 Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 448 Product: Automotive Seat Belts

Paper Products

Maquiladora de Coahuila, S.A. Border Opp. Saver System Apartado 434 P.O. Box 1407 Carr Presa A. Km. 1 10 Finegan Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-17-51, 2-20-75 Telephone: 512-775-1225 Contact: Contact: Donald Newton, Pres. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 149 Product: Diaper Assembly, Cotton balls

C-1 Rubber & Plastic Products

Anillos de Plastico IBICO Carr. Presa la Amistad Km. 8. 760 Bonnie Lane Parque Modelo Elk Grove Village Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Chicago, IL 60007

Telephone: 512-775-5343 Telephone: 312-640-7333 Contact: William Berry, Mgr. Contact: Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 280 Product: Plastic Binding

I.F.P. de Mexico S.A. de C.V. I.F.P. Manufacturing Blvd. A. Lopez Mateos P.O. Box 1282 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-22-29 Telephone: 512/775-7815 Contact: Toby W. Coggins, Contact: Pres. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 60 Product: Fiber Glass Parts

Pista de Pruebas Amistad, S.A. Del Rio Test Center de C.V. P.O. Box 420637 Carr. Presa La Amistad Km. Del Rio, TX 78842 14.6 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-7322 Contact: Telephone: 2-34-34, 2-34-41 Contact: Chuck Bowles, Gen. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 109 Product: Tire Testing

Vineles de Acuna, S.A de C.V. Fabri/Oincs Carr. P. la Amistad Km. 8.5 Rt. 150 South Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Camargo, IL 61919

Telephone: 2-27-17 Telephone: 512-775-4793 Contact: Scot D. Gray, Gen. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 140 Product: Vinyl Products

C-2 Leather Products

Processos GM de Mexico, S.A. G.M. Trading de C.V. P.O. Box 200596 KM 6 De La Presa De La San Antonio, TX 78220-0596 Armistad Parque Industrial Amistad Telephone: 512/661-7398 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Contact:

Telephone: 2-38-71, 2-38-18 Contact: Bob Melton, Pres. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 41 Product: Animal Skins Proc.

Barry de Acuna, S.A. R.G. Barry Co. of Del Rio Parque Industrial HCR #2, P.O. Box 23 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Middle Rd. Loop Rd. Del Rio, TX 78840 Telephone: 2-30-75, 2-30-23 Contact: Ralph Cochran, Mgr. Telephone: 512-775-0981 Firm Type: MP Contact: No. Emp.: 679 Product: Slippers

SAS de Acuna San Antonio Shoe, Inc. Carr Presa la Amistad Km. 1.5 100 Johnson Bvld. Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-21-90, 2-27-15 Telephone: 512-774-4691 Contact: Cliford Banks, Gen. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 358 Product: Shoes

Commercial Machinery

Equipos de Acuna, S.A. de Eagle Picher C.V. P.O. Box 420936 Parque Modelo Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-6267 Telephone: 2-36-06, 2-36-59 Contact: Contact: Mike Peel Gen. Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 30 Product: Welded Machine Parts

C-3 Industrias Este Madera, S.A. Eastwood Industries Carr Presa La Amistad KM. 5 5232 Tod Ave. SW Park Industrial Warren, OH 44481-9729 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 216/373-1881 Telephone: 2-02-07, 2-16-10 Contact: Contact: Robert Hayward, V. Pres. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 120 Product: Vacuum System

Electronic/Electrical Equip.

Acesorias y Manufacturas Twin Plant International, Inc. Diversificados, S.A. Johnson Blvd., Ind. Park Km. 4 Carr. Presa La Amistad P.O. Box 1946 26200 Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-4131 Telephone: 2-26-13 Contact: Heidi L. Morr, Pres. Contact: Alfred Morr, Plant Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 50 Product: Subcontract wire harnesses, relays, etc.

Acuna Tronics, S.A. Houston Electronics Madero 475 Ote. 501 Pine St. Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Kane, PA 16735

Telephone: 2-14-49 Telephone: 814-837-9550 Contact: Manuel Gonzalez Contact: Ramon, Plnt Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 40 Product: Crystal Holders

C-4 Aparatos Electricos de Acuna General Electric Co. Carr. Presa la Amistad Km. 7 108 Center Ave. Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-13-33, 2-15-13 Telephone: 512-774-3561 Contact: Eduardo Duarte, Plnt Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1159 Product: Wiring Devices

Aparatos Acuna, S.A. de C.V. Oster Div. of Sunbeam Carr Presa la Amistad Km. 6 P.O. Box 4270 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78841-4270

Telephone: 2-30-15 Telephone: 512-774-3853 Contact: Douglas Wilson, Gen. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 995 Product: Small Kitchen Appl.

Asmadi, S.A. Domicilio Conocido Twin Plant International, Inc. Carr. Presa La Amistad, 26200 Johnson Blvd., Ind. Park Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico P.O. Box 1946 Del Rio, TX 78840 Telephone: Contact: Fred Morr, Dir. of Telephone: 512-775-4132 Oper. Contact: Heidi Morr, Pres. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 140 Product: Subcontract electronic subassembly

Conectores Y Adaptadores, de NT. T. Inc Mexico S.A. de C.V. 103 Ave J Hidalgo 400 Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-0335 Telephone: 2-07-52, 2-07-53 Contact: Contact: Dennis O'Brien, Gen. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 148 Product: Electronic Connectors & Assemblies

C-5 Ensambladora de Acuna S.A. de Edbeth Enterprises Inc. C.V. Spur 239 Atilano Barrera PTE. #490 Del Rio, TX. 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512/774-4672 or Telephone: 2-16-34 4673 Contact: William H. Ricks, Op. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 22 Product: Telephone Equipment

Ensambles de Acuna, S.A. de Twin Plant C.V. 100 Ave T Carr Presa La Amistad KM #4 Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-4131 Telephone: 774-37-78 Contact: Fred Morr, Pres. Contact: Fred Morr, Pres. Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 140 Product: Wiring Harnesses

Garcia, Luis Bermes (Client) H.E.T. Sales Corp. Blvd. Adolfo Lopez Mateos 1851 Merriam Lane #375-A Kansas City, KS 66106 26000 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: Contact: Telephone: Contact: Firm Type: PP No. Emp.: 50 Product: Subcontractor, condensors for comm. equip.

Productos Electricos A.O. Smith Corp. Aplicados P.O. Box 420213 Parque Industrial Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-774-2677 Telephone: 2-06-84, 2-30-40 Contact: Contact: James K. Braby, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 449 Product: Hermetic Motors

C-6 Standard Components de Mexico Hidalgo Pte. 420 N.S.C. Electronics, Inc. Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico 2201 Landmeyer Rd. Elkgrove , IL 60007 Telephone: 2-03-89, 2-02-14 Contact: Ed Warzyniak, Pres. Telephone: 512-774-7216 Firm Type: MP Contact: No. Emp.: 915 Product: TV Cable Convertors

Transportation Equip.

Arneses y Accesorios de Pep Industries Mexico 121 Johnson Blvd Parque Industrial Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512/774-4405 Telephone: 2-32-23, 2-32-32 Contact: Contact: Steve McKenzie, Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 2700 Product: Auto Wiring Harnesses

Maquiladora de Acuna S.A. de Bendix C.V. 100 Ave. T Carr Presa La Amistad KM. 7 Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-9158 Telephone: 2-11-43, 2-31-21 Contact: Contact: Eric Meyer, Pnt. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 195 Product: Air Brake Components

STL Electronics de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Twin Plant International, Inc. Calle Puebla #1470-C Johnson Blvd., Ind. Park Col. Aeropuerto 26000 P.O. 1946 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 4-50-63 Telephone: 512-775-4132 Contact: Rodolfo Romero Cota, Contact: Heidi L. Morr, Pres. Plant Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 58 Product: Wire harnesses, power cords

C-7 Instruments

La Ada de Acuna Anago, Inc. Carr Presa la Amistad KM 1 #14 Finegan Rd. Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-20-49 Telephone: 512/774-7482 Contact: Sidney Echols, Dir., Contact: Mfg. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 325 Product: Disp. Surgical Prod.

Misc. Mfg.

Bomber Acuna, S.A. Bomber Bait Company Justo Sierra #300 NTE 100 Park Ave. Cd. Acuna, Coah,, Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-09-16, 2-21-73 Telephone: 512/775-5735 Contact: Rallo Henry, Gen. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 185 Product: Fishing Lures

Cima de Acuna, S.A. de C.V. Fisher Price Parque Industrial Industrial Park Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico HCR 2, Box 49 Del Rio, TX 78840 Telephone: 2-29-86, 2-29-96 Contact: Wayne Moore, Sprvsr. Telephone: 512/774-5686 Firm Type: MP Contact: No. Emp.: 588 Product: Infant Products and Toys

Formas y Maniquies de Acuna Jerry Roe Enterprises, Inc. 115 Zecatecas 432 Austin Place Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Bronx, NY 10455

Telephone: 2-25-34, 2-13-22 Telephone: Contact: John Oisen, Gen. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 68 Product: Maniquins

C-8 Carolina Processing de Mexico Carolina Coupon Clearing Inc. Carr P. La amistad y B. Calif Ind. Park 11 Finegan Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Del Rio, TX 78840

Telephone: 2-29-09 Telephone: Contact: Jose Guadarrama, Gen. Contact: Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 1500 Product: Coupon Processing

Indiana Data Processing de Indiana Data Processing Co. Acuna 123 Alta Vista Dr. Villadama Y Matamoros 835 Del Rio, TX 78840 Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 512-775-0631 Telephone: 2-22-07, 2-30-70 Contact: Contact: Steve Furr, Pnt. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 453 Product: Coupon Processing

United Coupons de Mexico, S.A. United Coupons Clearing House de C.V. P.O. Box 725 Apartado #720 Lubbock, TX 79401 Madero y Juarez Cd. Acuna, Coah., Mexico Telephone: 806-774-8472 Contact: Telephone: 2-09-88, 2-09-82 Contact: Antonio Castillo, Pnt. Mgr. Firm Type: MP No. Emp.: 212 Product: Coupon sorting

C-9 APPENDIX D

REPRESENTATIVE RAW MATERIAL INPUTS AND

INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES APPENDIX D

FOOD PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of sausage casings

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Intestines of pigs and sheep Plastic barrels Preservatives Plastic bags Common salt Cotton thread Vegetable Oil Rubber abrasive Paper towels Plastic nets Plastic separators Labels

D-1 FABRIC PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of jeans, seat covers, seat belts, and tents

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Fabric (cut), various types Labels Clasps/Hooks/Fasteners Plastic bags Zippers Hangers Thread Packing material Tack Pins Buttons Cardboard bands Cord Cardboard boxes Elastic Needles Broaches Rack Plastic beading Hooks Runners China paper Interlining Pins Plastic rods

D-2 WOOD PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of cabinets

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Wood and wood scrap (various Twine types) Banding tape Liquid wax Rags Paper and bronze corners Protective masks Metalic clasps Cardboard boxes Silver & gold plated sheets Tape Varnish/wood stain Cardboard Epoxy resin Linseed Oil Nails Glass sheets Mirrors Hinges Plastic guides Staples Magnets (for cabinet doors) Vinyl trimming Plywood sheets Paint Glue Nails Vinyl trimming

D-3 FURNITURE

Manufacturers of TV Consoles, racks, and mini-blinds

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Wood (Oak, Ash, Pine, Maple, Wood clamps Cedar, Spruce) Air tools Cloth (various types) Solvents Paint Sant paper Varnish Table saws Formica Table sanders Wood glue, various types Linseed Oil Vinyl fabric Cardboard Nails Twine (rolls) Screws Protective masks Staples Gummed tape Metal ends and clasps Plastic protectors Chopped wood in sheets Hinges Bronze corners Linen (rolls) Epoxy Plastic guides Mirrors Magnets for doors Wood Fiberboard Plywood (various types) Resin adhesives Metal dividers Spring loaded hinges

D-4 PAPER PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of hanging file folders, diapers, and disposable paint strainers

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Polyethelene for paper and Cardboard strips for paper and cardboard cardboard Plastic cord Decorated plastic bags Nylon cord for paper and Cardboard containers cardboard Glue Paper for paper and cardboard Plastic parts for paper and cardboard Glue for plastic

D-5 RUBBER AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of industrial gaskets, gloves, plastic binding, plastic pipe and plastic injection molding

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Plastic and metal runners Plastic bags Transparent polypropolene film Hydraulic oil Vinyl rolls Labels Pigmented high impact Cardboard boxes polypropolene Acetone Cement Adhesives Plastic Clamps Paint thinner Plastic parts Metalic needles Screws Adhesive tape Plastic tubes (various types) Methyl chloride Plastic yoke Acrylic resin Plastic and nylon ribbons Box separators Plastic rings Solvent Plastic core Silicon acetate Plastic holders Sealer ink Butyl acetate Plastic buttons Plastic bands Nylon tails and rims High impact polystyrene Rubber die Nylon synthetic fiber Nylon thread Decorating ink

D-6 LEATHER PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of finished animal skins, belts, and slings

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Leather (various types) Labels Glue Oil Cement Plastic bags Oil Cardboard boxes Thread Abrasives Paired leather liners Elastic Metallic ornaments White cement Strong cement Rubber heels Dark ink Linings Sole inner lining

D-7 CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of ceramic and decorator figurines

Raw Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Ball clay Cardboard China clay Artist's brushes Feldspar Tape Silica sand Industrial tools Sodium silicate Paint (various types)

D-8 ALUMINUM FOUNDRY

Manufacturers of aluminum manifolds for auto engines

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Aluminum bars Compressor synthetic oil Support and tensor cables Lubricant Isoprep cleaner Soluble oil for cooling Paint for iron machinery Automotive combustoil Hydraulic oil G.C. acid Methilene blue Rope 400 reductor Industrial oil Car lubricant oil Polyester thread Paint for iron Mineral gases Car refrigerant oil Oil ISO liquid Screws Car lubricant grease Motor oil Core mud Aluminum parts Retonite Lubricant grease Isocure resin Gear lubricant grease Superior inlet multiple Silica sand molding Magnesium Silica sand to make cores Inferior inlet multiple Car core paste Caps Car molding clay Threads Magnesium Elbows Argon gas Multiples to center square Car anti-rusters Phosphoric acid WOL liquid Bentonite Bands to fix planes Fixing bands Hard wax Special staples Thermal paper Fundent bags Oven fundent bags Refractory Male and female air hose connectors Isocure liquid Metal cleaner

D-9 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS

Manufacturers of heat exchangers, valves, clamps, and vaults.

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Steel parts Sheet press lubricator Locks for metallic materials Plastic pallets Screws Plastic blisters Glue for steel Labels Solder Packing boxes Quazart granite Inflating tags Fast dry enamel paint Special antifriction lubricant Hooks for cutting process Light ash Lead weights Dry oil absorbent Volcanic ash for metal Manual applyers to remove scrap furniture Thermal grease for assembly Rings process Screws Special lubricant to reduce Sillica incense friction at expansion Steel fiber Special cleaner for degreasing Plastic balting set Hydraulic oil Stainless steel parts Heavy duty gloves for inserting Paint and lacquer pipe Locks for metal furniture Electrical tape Steel glue Teflon tape Quartz granite Sealing tape Cement Aluminum sheets Silica sand Supporters for metal sheets Copper piping Copper and aluminum interchanges Copper feeders

D-10 COMMERICAL MACHINERY

Manufacturers of hydraulic ramps, compressors and time controls.

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Steel stem Plastic bags Screws Cardboard boxes Springs Solvent Covers Bearing grease Washer Threadind oils Bell Metallic Conditioner Label Liquid Acetone Electrical use terminals Mystic adhesive Adapter Chemical varnish Nut Main spring Stator Electrical use bobbins Wire spring Staples Adjusting key Tipping wire Lever gear Electrical switches Gears Aluminum dust Escaping wheel Washer Crown wheel Ball Bearing Third wheel Piston Hammer head Bushings Washers Strip-off remover Epoxy resin Front frame Freon gas Shaft Bolt Pin Lever Pin Second wheel Gear

D-ll ELECTRONIC/ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Manufacturers of hermatic motors, wire harnesses, lamps, condensors, resistors, and electronic connectors.

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Insulated wire (various types) Plastic bags Wire (for magnets) Acetone Insulators Cable Resistors Ribbon Magnets Labels Fusing compound Black ink Terminals Protective cloth Wax for coils Vinyl pipe Switches Cement Varnish Cardboard boxes Screws Plastic boxes Diodes Cardboard trays Cable Staples Brushes String Flux Aluminum foil Solder Packing foam Spacers Box separators and inserts Connectors Terminal clips Fuses Rivets

D-12 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

Manufacturers of radiator, catalytic convertors, air brakes and fuel injectors

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Cable with and without terminals Ammeters Fuses Hand tools Insulators Heating apparatus Thermal flex wire Testing apparatus Corrosion resistant tape Vices & hand drills Platinum or rodium catalyzer Packing tape filter Labels Subassemblies Testing equipment Stainless steel parts Plastic clamps Glue Gas purificators Rubber gaskets for pipes Cardboard boxes Thread Plastic bags Lubricating paste Hinges Soldering Springs Car tempering oil Nuts/bolts Argon gas Magnetic wire Oxygen Bearings Staples Granulated vinyl Steel bars Heat resistent filter-sponge Stainless steel sheet 409 type Stabilizer bars Catalytic clips Connectors Convertor Frame Catalytic element Separator pads Steel bars Steel balls

D-13 INSTRUMENTS

Manufacturers of process control instruments, medical kits and surgical supplies

Raw Materials Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Plastic bandages Acetone Jointed plastic tubes Acetic acid Plastic buttons Sulphuric acid Plastic catheters Alcohol Plastic connectors Needles Latex zippers Cotton applicator Nylon cord Glue applicator sticks Cotton applicators Prepackaged antiseptic Applicator sticks Adhesive paper tape Prepackaged antiseptic Cardboard boxes Silicon dispensers Smooth cardboard boxes Adhesive paper taper Silicon Paper bags Nylon gloves Tubes Labels Polyethelene bags Rubber bands Plastic catheters Silicon catalyst Plastic cleaning brushes Methylallyl chloride Plastic zippers Emulsifiers Trademark labels Kalium nitrate Latex gloves Potasium Hydorxide Sodium hypochloride Soap Toilet paper packs Plastic tweezers

D-14 MISC. MANUFACTURING

Manufacturer of miscellaneous items not elsewhere specified

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Springs Plastic bags Hinges Cardboard boxes Cement Labels Lead counterweight Staples Wire Shrinkable film Glue Thinner Granulated polypropalene Acetone Pigmented Resin Flannel Scrap Lamb, goat, calf, etc. skins on rolls Polyurethane plastic (cut) Synthetic skin Plastic tape Styrene Accessories for toys

D-15 COUPON PROCESSORS

Direct Inputs: Indirect Inputs:

Coupons Packing boxes Paper for reading machines Envelopes Cloth sacks Paper Cardboard boxes Magnetic tape Computer paper Sacks Calculator tape Packing tape

D-16 MISC. REPAIR

Repair of telephones and terminals

Raw Material Inputs: Industrial Supplies:

Telephones & Terminals Plastic bags Electronic parts Cardboard boxes Solder Labels Staples

D-17 APPENDIX E

SERVICES APPENDIX E

SERVICES

Services used by Maquiladora firms adjacent to Laredo, Eagle Pass, and Del Rio, Texas

Architectural Customs house brokerage Banking Legal services Accounting services Microwave communications Computer software Computer repair Industrial equipment repair Engineering services Air transportation Air freight Highway transportation Productivity training Managerial training Language & cultural training Recruiting, manpower, and employment Warehouse storage Freight forwarding Security Management consulting Translation services Marketing Graphic arts Printing Communications

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