Performance Studies on Automated Solar Powered Air Cooler/ Air Heater

Home , Convection heater

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Performance Studies On Automated Solar Powered Air Cooler/ Air Heater

Manish Nayak, Manjunath H N, Madhusudhan M

Abstract: So many types of air cooler cum air heating system available in the market which is working on AC and DC power. Here we design a model which is automated using micro controller arduino nano and temperature sensor. Which is maintains the temperature automatic. In this paper we collect power from sun light and stored in lead acid battery during a day times and also we save the energy by using controller. Whenever we required this power is used to operate the air collar/air heating system. Evaporative cooling accomplished by direct contact of water with flowing air. When hot and dry air passed through the soaked pad temperature of air get diminished with increase of specific humidity, moisture content in a pad get evaporated by use of latent heat of evaporation from air and heating of air is done by convective heating. Required temperature conditions are programmed in microcontroller to accomplish the satisfying cooling/heating effect.

Index Terms: DC fan, temperature sensor, water pump, solar panel and microcontroller, Coil. ——————————  ——————————

1. INTRODUCTION are used to balance the room temperature and humidity to For all forms of energy the main source is solar power. The comfortable region. Cooling is done by adiabatic manner [5], existence of energy to environment is developing to promise and heating by forced convection method.it consists of fan that the standard life and healthy run of economy. In 21st century sucks the air from environment through moistened pads. Pad many renewable energy technologies are developed and contains water that evaporates and pushed out to the room. practiced, but out of these some are still under development The required temperatures are programmed in microcontroller [1].A large amount of power generates from coal, nuclear, and that controls the temperature by receiving the signals from the other non-inexhaustible power plants. These assets takes a temperature sensor and cools the air. This system operates serious effects on our environmental condition, polluting the air with negligible amount of sound caused by fan.in this will takes place. Power generation is the main fundamental convection heater air is heated by heating coil at thermal origin of air contamination in the country. Sustainable power conditions heating element heats the air, hot air is much dense producible sources can be used to make control with less then cool air so it increases because of buoyancy and it will environmental impacts. . It will cause adverse change to the allow more cold air to flow [6]. This will creates convection environment. When solar power reduces the use of change of hot air that increases from the heater. This heater is conventional energy sources products that have noticeable suitable for room temperature of 18ºc and below. In this project impact on the environment. The worldwide oil production rate mechanical loads are minimized, water circulation process. is decreasing as compare to earlier [2]. It is possible to make Temperature control are advanced in order to reach the control from the reasonable power sources without conveying maximum efficiency during winter and summer conditions. CO2, balancing the thermal conditions such as temperature, humidity [3] and also will have positive impacts on 2 DESCRIPTION environment. In solar heat utilization air heating/cooling is one Conventional air coolers/heaters were purchased on the basis of them. Air heaters are commonly used for space heating and of electricity consumption, water consumption, temperature also areas like laundry, crop drying and other drying and humidity of air. applications.by making use of non-renewable energy resources will increase the operation cost also harmful to climate. Making use of solar energy for air heating/cooling will reduce the process cost. As cooling and heating devours more power and also cost of cooling and heating products are high.[4] This project preferably suitable for the places where power cut problems in summer and rainy season around 7 to 10 hours per day. And also workplaces such as schools and offices keeps running in day. To make a non-conventional energy sources to diminish environmental pollutions. So would like achieve comfortable temperature by solar power and provide cooling and hot effect for house at lower price. In this system solar panel, battery (12V DC), DC fan, water pump are used. Air coolers/heaters Figure.1 3D model ————————————————  Manish Nayak currently pursuing M.Tech in Thermal power In order to reach the minimum consumption of power and engineering in Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Bengaluru, India, PH-9972623906. E-mail: [email protected] maximum efficiency some improvements are done in design  Manjunath H N, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical they are: Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi institute of technology Bengaluru.  Dependency of power India, E-mail: [email protected]  Mechanical load  Madhusudhan M, Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering,  Water circulation system Nitte Meenakshi institute of technology Bengaluru. India, E-mail: [email protected] 3480 IJSTR©2020 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

 Automated temperature control velocity of air is equal to 85% velocity of fan. V air = 0.85*31.41 =26.69 m/s. 2.1. DEPENDENCY OF POWER: 3. Torque of the fan Entire circuit is fully AC powered. Only the fan and the water Torque (T) = (P X 60) / (2 X 3.14 X N) = 0.08598Nm pumps are the power the consumable devices in this system Calculations of annual solar energy output of solar system that also in negligible amount. During day time utilization of Global formula to find the electricity produced in output of solar power is from sun only.18V, 20W solar panel and 18 ahc system is given by formula E=A*r*H*PR battery is used. Solar panels generates 2amp power that is Where E= Energy in KWh stored in battery. A= Total area of solar panel in m2 r= Solar panel yield in %, Yield is the ratio of maximum 2.2. MECHANICAL LOAD: electrical power generation of one solar. Panel to the area of Consider any machine to get maximum efficiency load one panel. characteristics place important role so in this design to avoid H= Annual average solar radiation on tilted panels weight of the setup the blower is replaced by fan. In order to PR= Performance ratio avoid frictional losses bush bearings and pulleys are 4. Energy output from solar panel eliminated. Dimensions of solar panel 1. Length of solar panel= 0.40m 2.3 STEP WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM: 2. Breadth of solar panel= 0.40m Pipe dripping system is placed in all the three sides of the 3. Area of solar panel A= Length* Breadth= 0.16m2 system. Each side of the system consists of central pipe that is 4. Solar panel Yield r = (electric power)/(area of divided into steps in order to maintain uniform flow of water panel), (0.011)/(0.16)= 0.068= 6.8% and to reach the water each and every corner of the wick. 5. Performance ratio=It is very important factor to Water is pumped from the bottom tank to piping at the top by find the quality of the system, It should be in the small water pump. It’s an active type of water circulation range of 0.6 to 0.9, In Bengaluru it is taken as system. Main advantage of this system is flow of water in 0.680 piping can regulated easily on the basis of diameter of the pipe 6. Annual average solar radiation on tilted panel H= and number of holes done in pipe. Optimization of water At Solar radiation at 1000w/m2 ,cell temperature circulating system in order to get higher humidity this will leads 25 ºC, wind speed 1m/s the unit of solar panel in to minimum temperature of air and cooling effectiveness. these condition is called as “watt-peak’’. For this condition H is taken as H=2200KWh/m2, have to 2.4 AUTOMATED TEMPERATURE CONTROL: find the global annual radiation falling on a solar According to required condition program is set on panel with slope and azimuth. microcontroller. Room temperature is 30º C microcontroller Global formula to find the electricity produced in output of solar sends signals to fan and water pump and fan starts rotating at system= 2000rpm for cooling of air, In same manner when temperature E= (0.16)*(0.068)*(2200)*(0.680) reaches 18 ºC again fan starts rotating for heating of air. = 16.27 KWh.

3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Experiment was conducted in 10*6*12 area of smart room. Performance characteristics are observed by changing the speed of the fan that is 2000rpm and 1000rpm.and placing the system in one corner of the smart room and temperatures are differences, according to intensity of solar radiations the amount of were noted.

Table.1

Figure.2 Fabricated model Sl no Name of the component Specification

2.5 COMPONENTS 1 Solar panel 18v,20w 2 Battery 18ah 2. DIMENSIONS AND CALCULATIONS 3 Fan 2000rpm 1. Dimensions: 4 Micro controller Arduino nano v3.0 Frame: length: 18cm width: 18cm. 5 Heating coil 12v,30w Frame dimensions 4 sides are same. 6 Temperature sensor Lm35 Flapper blades: 4 blades 2. Selection of electric dc fan DC fan speed (N) = 2000rpm Rpm voltage (V) = 12 VOLT Watts = 18 WATT Velocity of fan= ℼDN/60= (ℼ*0.3*2000)/60= 31.41m/s Velocity of air= 15% reduction in velocity of fan therefore

Graph.1 Temperature v/s current produced graph

Graph.2 Variation of temperature w.r.t speed of fan

Above Graphs 1 the outside represents temperature by solar energy to the current produced in battery. At outside temperature of 26ºc will generate power of 1amp during a Figure.3 Microcontroller and display unit period of 1 hour, at 28ºc it will generate 1.5 amps at a time of one hour.2amps of current is produced at maximum The above graph 3 and graph 4 shows temperature variations temperature of 31ºc and duration of one hour. By varying the according to time. In heater Initial temperature was 18ºc and speed of the fan (graph 2) to 2 speeds, that is 1000rpm, after 1 hour duration it is increased to 27ºc.and in cooler initial 2000rpm. At speed of 1000rpm and temperature and placing temperature was 30ºc and temperature reduces to 21.5ºc. By the system in one corner of the smart room and temperatures this system can increase the temperature up to 9ºc. And are differences, according to intensity of solar radiations the reduce the temperature up to 8.5 ºc. amount of were noted. 3.1 POWER CONSUMPTION

Table. 2

3.2 FEM APROACH Linear static structural analysis is conducted to find the strength of the Solar Air Cooler cum air heater, Max equivalent stress which is less than yield stress for the corresponding Graph.3 Variation of temperature w.r.t time for Heater material hence structure is safe and thermal analysis is validated with fem approach. Entire setup has following merits they are easy to operate, easy to clean, there is no complicated parts, power consumption is less because compressor is not used here, and it is a cheaper one maintenance cost is negligible. Replacement of part is easy, which can be done by normal person also.

Graph.4 Temperature variation w.r.t time for Cooler

4 CONCLUSION Solar air heater/air cooler is a simple device which absorb the solar energy from the sun and produces cool/hot air. The experiment was conducted for changing the speed of the fan, amount of current produced in battery, and variation of temperature with respect to time for heater and cooler are noted. In this experimentation there is increases of temperature of 9 ͦc in air heater and 8.5 ͦc decrease in air cooler. By fabricating this project we have achieved a clear knowledge of automated cooling and heating system for village by using non-conventional energy. In this system minimization of mechanical loads, adoption of step water circulation, automation of setup were successful with increase of cooling and heating effectiveness.

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