DOCSLIB.ORG

A Story of the Hui Panalā'au of the Equatorial Pacific Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Story of the Hui Panalā'au of the Equatorial Pacific Islands U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service A Story of the Hui Panalā‘au of the Equatorial Pacific Islands Would you have the courage and determination to volunteer to live on a deserted tropical island with no connection to the outside world for months at a time? Would you succeed or succumb to the harsh environment and isolation? In the 1930s and early 1940s young men that attended or graduated from high school in Hawai‘i were faced with these questions. They not only survived but also thrived and proved to be an important part in the United States’ continued possession of Howland, Baker Graduates and students of Kamehameha School onboard the Itasca, 4th expedition, and Jarvis Islands. January 1936. Back row, left to right: Luther Waiwaiole, Henry Ohumukini, William Yomes, Solomon Kalama, James Carroll. Front row, left to right: Henry Mahikoa, Alexander After the Guano mining era of Kahapea, George Kahanu, Sr., Joseph Kim. (Photo courtesy George Kahanu, Sr.) downloaded from: http://www.oralhistory.hawaii.edu/pages/historical/panalaau.html the 1800s, Howland, Baker and Jarvis Islands, located in the Phoenix and Line Islands archipelagos, sat relatively year. It was necessary to find takepart. They sought young unnoticed until the 1930s when individuals who could survive men who were single, they became desirable stop-over for months at a time in the physically and mentally fit, points for commercial air travel isolated and harsh conditions of cooperative, and disciplined. between Hawai‘i and Australia. Howland, Baker, and Jarvis. Many were even part of the Then, as World War II Representatives from the U.S. ROTC program and readily intensified and the Japanese Bureau of Air Commerce took to the military protocol and Empire advanced across the suggested that the best group of procedures. Pacific, establishing ownership people from which to recruit proved to be of great were young Hawaiian men due On March 20, 1935, the U.S. importance. In order to establish to the stereotypical belief that Coast Guard cutter Itasca the three islands as U.S. they could handle the harsh secretly set sail from Honolulu territories, President Franklin D. environment of the South Harbor. It was not until they Roosevelt understood the U.S. Pacific better than other groups. were well underway that the needed to colonize them with group of students was advised permanent residents. In other The U.S. federal government as to where they would be words, the U.S. needed to prove worked initially with the Bishop going. They were on a on a that people were residents of the Museum and Kamehameha five-day voyage to Jarvis islands, living and sleeping on Schools in Honolulu, Hawai‘i to Island, another three days to the islands for at least one solid recruit Hawaiian boys to Baker Island, and one more day 1 | P a g e to Howland Island. The camps In 1937, the colonists of with small crosses. The islands initially consisted of groups of Howland Island set to work were bombed numerous times, five, with two of the recruits constructing a runway both by air and submarine, after along with three furloughed specifically for Amelia Earhart, the initial wave of planes had army personnel. who was scheduled to land and passed. With the threat of refuel before carrying on with repeated fire, the colonists were The boys were told they would her ill-fated but planned record forced to hide during the day be colonizing the islands for breaking flight around the and eat and drink only at night. commercial airline use. They world. They were excited for Rescue by U.S. Coast Guard did took meticulous daily records of her arrival. One mother even not occur until January 31, weather and other sent some curtains for the 1942, for those on Howland and environmental conditions and window of the room she would Baker Islands. Colonists on surveyed seabirds. be staying in, and the boys Jarvis and Enderbury were not constructed a freshwater shower evacuated until February 9, After the first expedition went out of a 52 gallon water jug 1942. well, all the boys received high with shower head, made from a praise from their supervisors for tomato can, just for her. She Upon returning to Honolulu their performance. The Army disappeared on July 3, 1937, during the war, the colonists realized the boys didn’t need never making it to Howland were instructed to remain silent additional survival oversight so Island. Tragedy struck a year about what had happened on the subsequent deployments did later in 1938, when colonist islands. Many of the former away with army personnel and Carl Kahalewai fell ill with colonists formed a group to included groups of four appendicitis and passed away “perpetuate the fellowship of Hawaiian high school aboard a U.S. Coast Guard ship Hawaiian youths who have graduates. Many of the on the ride back to Honolulu. served as colonists on American colonists were even excited to equatorial islands.” The group return for a second term. During On December 8, 1941, a day was initially called “Hui Kupu free time, they would dive, surf, after Japan’s attack on Pearl Aina,” giving reference to the fish, and look for shells, among Harbor, the Pacific Island idea of sprouting, growing, and other island activities. On territories were also bombed increasing land, but was soon Jarvis, the colonists even used including Howland, Baker, renamed “Hui Panalā‘au,” planks from a shipwreck to Jarvis, and Canton and which has a variety of meanings construct surfboards. Enderbury of the Phoenix including: “club of settlers of Islands group. The United southern islands,” “holders of Eventually, the federal States had officially entered into the land society,” and “society government began recruiting World War II and as the U.S. of colonists.” boys from other high schools, recovered from Pearl Harbor particularly Roosevelt High losses, retrieving the colonists The Hui Panalā‘au was School and McKinley High became a lower priority. The successful in petitioning the School. Asian-American men, December 8 attacks on the U.S. government, and in 1954 primarily Chinese with one small islands even went the bodies of Joseph Korean, were also recruited as unreported in Washington. Keli‘ihananui and Richard radiomen and aerologists “Dickey” Whaley were brought working with new radio stations During the first wave of attacks, back to Hawai‘i. and buried at that were built. By this time, the two young men on Howland, Schofield Barracks on the island Department of the Interior was Joseph Keli‘ihananui and of O‘ahu. It was not until providing materials for cabins, Richard “Dickey” Whaley, were December 8, 2003, that they stoves, and radio stations and fatally wounded. They were received proper burial at the the young men were hired as buried by their fellow colonists Hawai‘i State Veterans Interior Department employees. on the island in bomb craters Cemetery in Kaneohe, Hawai‘i, and the graves were marked as well as honored with 2 | P a g e This story was written using the following references. For more information about the Hui Panalā‘au, please visit these websites: Hui Panalā‘au: Hawaiian Colonists in the Pacific, 1935- 1942, Univ. of Hawai‘i at Manoa Ctr. for Oral History, Social Science Research Institute (2006). http://www.bishopmuseum.org/ media/2011/pdf/Hui_Panalaau.p df Link to Bishop Museum Website: http://www.bishopmuseum.org/ special/under_a_jarvis_moon.ht ml Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge, March 2012. Photo: K.Ernsburger/USFWS Under a Jarvis Moon Flickr set: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bi traditional Hawaiian ceremonial the archives of the Bishop shop_museum/sets/7215762504 chants and performances. The Museum. 7187285/ presentations of traditional hand-carved spears were also The contributions and sacrifices Stream the movie Under a presented to the families. The made by these young men Jarvis Moon online: ceremony was a step towards established these islands as part http://www.imdb.com/video/im honoring the work and sacrifice of the United States, thus setting db/vi3879443993/ that these young men made for the stage for their conservation the State of Hawai‘i and the status as national wildlife Kamehameha Schools United States of America. refuges and the marine national Archives: monument of today. http://kapalama.ksbe.edu/archiv The 2010 documentary film es/historical/huipanalaau/Defaul Under a Jarvis Moon tells the t.php incredible story of the Hui Panalā‘au. Co-directed by For more information on Noelle Kahanu and Heather the U.S. Fish and Giugni, it is a tribute to Noelle’s Wildlife Service and the grandfather George Kahanu, Pacific Remote Islands Sr., and the other Panalā‘au Marine National Monument: members and chronicles our http://www.fws.gov/refu important history, nearly ge/Pacific_Remote_Islan forgotten, that she discovered in ds_Marine_National_Mo nument/about.html 3 | P a g e Government Officials and Colonists at the dedication of the Jarvis beacon to Carl K. Kahalewai. December 11, 1938. Photo: AirForce Archives Howland Island Camp. January 23, 1937. Photo: National Archives 4 | P a g e .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
    United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
    Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Archival and Literary Research Report Jesi Quan Bautista Savannah Smith Honolulu, Hawai’i 2018 Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Archival and Literary Research Report Jesi Quan Bautista Savannah Smith Honolulu, Hawai’i 2018 For additional information, please contact Malia Chow at [email protected]. This document may be referenced as Pacific Islands Regional Office [PIRO]. 2019. Early Cultural & Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, PIRO Special Publication, SP-19-005, 57 p. doi:10.25923/fb5w-jw23 Table of Contents Preface................................................................................................................................. 1 Use as a Reference Tool ..................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 1 Cultural-Historical Connectivity Within the Monument .................................................... 2 WAKE ATOLL || ENEEN-KIO ..................................................................................... 4 JOHNSTON ATOLL || KALAMA & CORNWALLIS ................................................. 7 PALMYRA ATOLL || HONUAIĀKEA .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Guam National Wildlife Refuge Mariana
    Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventories Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Table 1. Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Wilderness Inventory Summary Guam National Wildlife Refuge Guam National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Mariana Trench National Wildlife Refuge Mariana Trench National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Information Mariana Arc of Fire National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Wake Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Wilderness Inventory Information Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Identification of Inventory Units Size Naturalness Opportunities for Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Supplemental Values Inventory Findings 1 Hawaiian
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory and Monitoring Plan
    Inventory and Monitoring Plan Howland Island, Baker Island, and Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuges and Howland Island, Baker Island, and Jarvis Island Units of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument September 2015 1 | Page Howland Island, Baker Island, and Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuges, and Howland Island Unit, Baker Island Unit, and Jarvis Island Unit of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument Inventory and Monitoring Plan Signature Page Action Signature /Printed Name Date ein Kenyon (I&M Specialist) Prepared By: Beth Flint (Supervisory Wildlife Biologist) ared Underwood (I&M Zone Biologist) "IS/I Reviewed By: 15 Superintendent - Operations Reviewed By: Monuments Superintendent - Policy/Partners/Support Reviewed By: IS" Region 1 I&M Coordinator Reviewed By: T/2///S Refuge/and Monuiognt Supervisor Reviewed By: RegionarRefuge Biologist/Division Chief Approved By: 2 I P a g e Table of Contents Signature Page .............................................................................................................................................2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................4 Methods........................................................................................................................................................6 Results ..........................................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Pub. 570, Tax Guide for Individuals with Income from U.S. Possessions
    Userid: CPM Schema: tipx Leadpct: 100% Pt. size: 8 Draft Ok to Print AH XSL/XML Fileid: … tions/P570/2020/A/XML/Cycle04/source (Init. & Date) _______ Page 1 of 34 16:19 - 9-Feb-2021 The type and rule above prints on all proofs including departmental reproduction proofs. MUST be removed before printing. Publication 570 Cat. No. 15118B Contents What's New .................. 1 Department of the Tax Guide Reminders ................... 1 Treasury Internal Introduction .................. 3 Revenue for Individuals Service Chapter 1. Bona Fide Residence ..... 3 With Income Chapter 2. Possession Source Income ............. 7 From U.S. Chapter 3. Filing Information for Individuals in Certain U.S. Possessions .............. 11 Possessions American Samoa ............ 11 The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ................. 13 The Commonwealth of the For use in preparing Northern Mariana Islands ..... 15 Guam .................. 17 2020 Returns The U.S. Virgin Islands ........ 18 Chapter 4. Filing U.S. Tax Returns ... 20 Chapter 5. Illustrated Examples .... 25 Chapter 6. How To Get Tax Help .... 30 Index ..................... 33 Future Developments For the latest information about developments related to Pub. 570, such as legislation enacted after it was published, go to IRS.gov/Pub570. What's New Coronavirus tax relief. Due to the global health emergency caused by the coronavirus, numerous forms of tax relief are now available. If you have self-employment income and you are required to pay self-employment tax, see the 2020 Form 1040-SS and its instructions for related changes. Additional provisions are dis- cussed under the relevant topics throughout this publication. Also, for more information, go to IRS.gov/coronavirus-tax-relief-and- economic-impact-payments.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Mariana Islands Drug Threat Assessment
    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. October 2003 Northern Mariana Islands Drug Threat Assessment National Drug Intelligence Center 319 WASHINGTON STREET • 5TH FLOOR • JOHNSTOWN, PA 15901-1622 • (814) 532-4601 U.S. Department of Justice NDIC publications are available on the following web sites: ADNET http://ndicosa LEO home.leo.gov/lesig/ndic RISS ndic.riss.net INTERNET www.usdoj.gov/ndic 092503 U.S. Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center Product No. 2003-S0388MP-001 October 2003 Northern Mariana Islands Drug Threat Assessment National Drug Intelligence Center 319 Washington Street, 5th Floor Johnstown, PA 15901-1622 (814) 532-4601 Preface This report is a strategic assessment that addresses the status and outlook of the drug threat to the Northern Mariana Islands. Analytical judgment determined the threat posed by each drug type or category, taking into account the most current quantitative and qualitative information on availability, demand, production or cultivation, transportation, and distribution, as well as the effects of a particular drug on abusers and society as a whole. While NDIC sought to incorporate the latest available information, a time lag often exists between collection and publication of data, particularly demand-related data sets. NDIC anticipates that this drug threat assessment will be useful to policymakers, law enforcement personnel, and treatment providers at the federal, state, and local levels because it draws upon a broad range of information sources to describe and analyze the drug threat to the Northern Mariana Islands. Cover Photo © Stockbyte National Drug Intelligence Center Northern Mariana Islands Drug Threat Assessment Executive Summary Illicit drugs are smuggled into the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) for local distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Bush Protects Vast Pacific Tracts
    Bush protects vast Pacific tracts 4:00AM Wednesday Jan 07, 2009 WASHINGTON - Parts of three remote and uninhabited Pacific island chains are being set aside by President George W. Bush as national monuments to protect them from oil and gas extraction and commercial fishing in what will be the largest marine conservation effort in history. The three areas - totalling 505,775sq km - include the Mariana Trench and the waters and corals surrounding three uninhabited Pink coral at Palmyra Atoll. Photo / AP islands in the Northern Mariana Islands, Rose Atoll in American Samoa and seven islands strung along the equator in the central Pacific Ocean. Each location harbours unique species and some of the rarest geological formations on earth - from the world's largest land crab to a bird that incubates its eggs in the heat of underwater volcanoes. All will be protected as national monuments - the same status afforded to statues and cultural sites - under the 1906 Antiquities Act. The law allows the United States Government to immediately phase out commercial fishing and other extractive uses. However, recreational fishing, tourism and scientific research with a federal permit could still occur inside the three areas. The designations would also not conflict with US military activities or freedom of navigation, White House officials said. "These locations are truly among the last pristine areas in the marine environment on earth," said James Connaughton, chairman of the White House Council on Environmental Quality, who added that the resources the Administration wanted preserved would be fully protected. The President plans to make the designation official today at a ceremony at the White House.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Human Activities in the US Pacific Remote Islands
    MARINE CONSERVATION INSTITUTE A Brief History of Human Activities in the US Pacific Remote Islands Shelly Magier Lance Morgan Glen Ellen, California August 2012 1 Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Terms of Reference .............................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Early human expansion into the Pacific Remote Islands Area ......................................................... 8 European expeditions across the Pacific Remote Islands Area .......................................................10 Whaling comes to the central Pacific Ocean .................................................................................... 11 Guano rush .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Millinery feather trade ........................................................................................................................ 15 United States colonization of the Equatorial Islands .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment
    Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Prepared by: Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex Box 50167 Honolulu, Hawaii 96850 (800) 792-9550 August 2007 Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Unincorporated U.S. territory, Central Pacific Ocean Type of Action: Administrative Lead Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Responsible Official: Ren Lohoefener, Regional Director For Further Information: Donald Palawski, Refuge Manager Pacific and Remote Islands NWR Complex Box 50167 Honolulu, HI 96850 (808) 792-9550 Abstract: Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge (Baker) is located in an extremely remote area of the equatorial Central Pacific Ocean. This remote location creates extreme planning and management bottlenecks in terms of ship transportation availability to access Baker and the operational support needed to conduct comprehensive conservation. Four conservation plan alternatives, including a Preferred Alternative and a No Action Alternative, are described, compared, and assessed for Baker. Alternative A is the No Action Alternative, as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The selection of Alternative A would adopt and continue current refuge management practices conducted during short staff visits (i.e., 1 to 2 days) at approximately 2-year intervals. Management activities described in Alternatives B, C, and D progressively increase the scale and scope of management activities described in the No Action Alternative. Alternatives C and D describe desired improvements over current management that enhances protection of wildlife through increased surveillance, enforcement, monitoring, restoration, and other measures.
    [Show full text]
  • South Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean
    636 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 15 31 MAY 2020 145° 146° 147° 148° Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 7—Chapter 15 21° NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml Farallon de Pajeros 81086 (Plan A) 142° 143° 144° Maug Island 20° 81092 Asuncion Island 81086 (Plan D) M 19° 81086 (Plan E) Agrihan Island 176°38' 176°29' 0°48' Pagan Island 83116 Howland Island 81092 18° Alamagan Island I 8108681086 (Plan(Plan G)E) Guguan Island 81086 (Plan H) Baker Island 83116 0°12' 17° Sarigan Island 81086 (Plan B) Anatahan Island 81086 (Plan J) 166°38' 81086 (Plan C) Farallon de Medinilla 16° Wake Island 19°18' 81076 Saipan Island 81664 81071 15° Tinian Island 81067 Rota Island 81063 14° 162°05' 81054 NORTH PA CIFIC OCEAN Palmyra Atoll Guam 5°53 83157 13° 81048 170°45' 169°40' 169°30' 168°10' Ofu Island Olosega Island 14°10'S Tutuila Island S I (U.S.) 83484 Tau Island 14°28'S 83484 SOUTH PA CIFIC OCEAN 83484 14°30'S Rose Atoll 31 MAY 2020 U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 15 ¢ 637 Pacific Islands (1) Islands and Pacific waters discussed in this chapter Western Samoa comprises the islands of Upolu Island are other than those of the Hawai‘ian Archipelago. See and Savai'i Island. Chapter 14, Hawaii, for the latter. (8) The Samoa Islands have been populated for 3,000 (2) years but known to the western world for little more than National Wildlife Refuges two centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Howland Island, Its Birds and Rats, As Observed by a Certain Mr. Stetson in 1854
    Howland Island, Its Birds and Rats, as Observed by a Certain Mr. Stetson in 1854 LLEWELLYN HowLAi,m1 THE FOLLOWING ACCOUNT of a visit to How­ captain involved, and even in this item I have land Island in 1854 is an abridged fragment checked the available shipping records and of a communication from a Mr. Stetson ad­ am of the opinion that "Rousseau" and Cap­ dressed to my grandfather and his halfbrother, tain Pope are the means whereby the survey partners in the firm of George and Mathew was made. Howland of New Bedford. Unfortunately all To my knowledge the report never has information concerning Mr. Stetson, even his been published. I referred to it briefly in my initials, is lost to us. Indeed the original of book Sou' West and West of Cape Cod (1947), .his manuscript has disappeared, in all like­ as did G. E. Hutchinson in his Biogeochemistry lihood having been destroyed with other of Vertebrate Excretion (1950). records of the United States Guano Company I have only a short note to add to the when my grandfather's counting house in the island's history. My ownership of the island "Candle Works," Hillman Street, was cleaned consisted of my having bought out all right, out between 1884 and 1886, soon after his title, and interest of those of the family who death. My uncle, the late Mathew Morris might, through inheritance ofthe U. S. Guano Howland of Jacksonville, Florida, made a Company, have a legal claim. When I pre­ copy of the part of Stetson's report which I sented my case to the United States Govern­ assume he, in going over his father's papers ment in 1926 my friend, Assistant Secretary in the counting house, thought he would like of State William Phillips, gave me his opin- to preserve for future reference, and that copy .
    [Show full text]
  • Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Detailed Cross Tabulations
    Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Detailed Crosstabulations (Part 2) Issued March 2014 2010 Census of Population and Housing DCT2MP/10-1 (RV) Technical Documentation U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU For additional information concerning the files, contact the Customer Liaison and Marketing Services Office, Customer Services Center, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-INFO (4636). For additional information concerning the technical documentation, contact the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Electronic Products Development Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-8004. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Detailed Crosstabulations (Part 2) Issued March 2014 2010 Census of Population and Housing DCT2MP/10-1 (RV) Technical Documentation U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary Vacant, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Mark Doms, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU John H. Thompson, Director SUGGESTED CITATION 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Detailed Crosstabulations (Part 2): Technical Documentation U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION Economics and Statistics Administration Mark Doms, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU John H. Thompson, Director Nancy A. Potok, Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Frank A. Vitrano, Acting Associate Director for Decennial Census Enrique J. Lamas, Associate Director for Demographic Programs William W. Hatcher, Jr., Associate Director for Field Operations CONTENTS CHAPTERS 1. Abstract ................................................ 1-1 2. List of Tables ............................................ 2-1 3. Table Finding Guide ....................................... 3-1 4. 2010 Census: Operational Overview and Accuracy of the Data ......
    [Show full text]