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Master's Thesis MASTER'S THESIS Rhenium in the Aitik Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo) deposit Wondowossen Nigatu Master of Science Exploration and Environmental Geosciences Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Rhenium in the Aitik Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo) deposit Wondowossen Bekele Nigatu Supervisor: Dr. Christina Wanhainen i Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. iv Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background information ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objective and scope of this study ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Rhenium ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 1.3.2 Application and consumption of rhenium .................................................................. 3 1.3.3 Demand and supply .................................................................................................... 4 1.3.4 Price ........................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Molybdenite within the Aitik deposit and its surrounding area ................................ 8 2.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Geological setting and local geology ................................................................................ 9 2.2.1 Geology of the Aitik deposit ...................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Mineralization in the Aitik deposit .......................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Liikavaara ................................................................................................................ 13 2.2.4 Salmijärvi ................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 General occurrence of molybdenite ................................................................................ 14 2.4 Rhenium in molybdenite ................................................................................................ 15 Chapter 3 .................................................................................................................................. 16 Sampling, sample preparation and analytical method .............................................................. 16 3.1 Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Sample selection ............................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Sampling using Micro drilling ........................................................................................ 16 3.4 Recovery of sample from drilling ................................................................................... 17 3.5 Sample weighting and molybdenite dissolving procedure ............................................. 18 3.6 Determination of rhenium abundance using ICP-MS analysis ...................................... 20 Chapter 4 Results ..................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Molybdenite within the three studied deposit ................................................................. 21 4.1.1 Molybdenite distribution within the Aitik deposit ................................................... 21 4.1.2 Molybdenite distribution within the Salmijärvi deposit .......................................... 23 ii 4.1.3 Molybdenite in the Liikavaara mineralization ......................................................... 25 4.2 Results of rhenium concentration in molybdenite .......................................................... 26 4.2.1 Rhenium concentration against molybdenite grain size .......................................... 28 4.2.2 Rhenium concentration against molybdenite weight ............................................... 28 4.2.3 Rhenium concentration for each sampled area ........................................................ 29 4.2.4 Rhenium concentration against major host rocks .................................................... 30 4.2.5 Rhenium concentration against mineral association ................................................ 32 4.2.6 Rhenium concentration with respect to molybdenite crystal habit .......................... 35 Chapter 5 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 37 5.1 Causes of rhenium variation within molybdenite ........................................................... 37 5.2 Comparison with other porphyry deposits ...................................................................... 40 5.3 Rhenium extraction from molybdenite: implications for the Aitik Cu-Au-Ag (Mo) deposit ................................................................................................................................... 41 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 43 References ................................................................................................................................ 44 Appendix I: Measured grains of molybdenite .......................................................................... 46 Appendex II: Rough estimation of the money value of the Aitik rhenium .............................. 48 List of Figures Figure 1 Location map of Aitik, Liikavaara and Salmijärvi deposits. ....................................... 2 Figure 2 Percentage of rhenium demand sector. ........................................................................ 4 Figure 3 Historic price of rhenium (Naumov 2007)................................................................... 7 Figure 4 A) Regional geology of northern Sweden. (Wanhainen et al.2003b) ........................ 14 Figure 5 A) Different parts of the micro drilling equipment (Charlier et al .2006) B) Sample mounted for micro drilling C) Sample recovery D) weighting of sample using gold boat E) Digestion of sample using aqua regia. ..................................................................................... 17 Figure 6 Molybdenite associated with sulphide minerals. ....................................................... 21 Figure 7 Molybdenite within quartz-muscovite-sericite schist ................................................ 21 Figure 8 Euhedral molybdeinte grains within the QMD. ......................................................... 22 Figure 9 Molybdenite associated with alteration minerals in QMD. ....................................... 22 Figure 10 Molybdenite within the QMD host rock. ................................................................. 22 Figure 11 Molybdenite grains with associated mineral assemblages within the QMD. .......... 23 Figure 12 Molybdenite distribution within the major host rocks of the Salmijärvi deposit. ... 25 Figure 13 Molybdenite distributions within the Liikavaara deposit. ....................................... 26 Figure 14 Molybdenite grain size measurement on the polished section................................. 26 Figure 15 Plots of rhenium concentration versus molybdenite grain size. .............................. 28 Figure 16 Molybdenite grain weight versus rhenium concentration. ....................................... 29 Figure 17 A) Rhenium concentration within the north Aitik mine. B) Rhenium concentration within the south Aitik mine. C) Rhenium concentration within the Salmijärvi deposit. D) iii Rhenium concentration within the Liikavaara deposit. E) Average rhenium concentration in molybdenite within the three deposits. ..................................................................................... 30 Figure 18 A) Rhenium concentration within the major host rocks of the Aitik deposit. ......... 31 Figure 19 Average rhenium concentration of molybdenite within the major host rocks of the Salmijärvi deposit. .................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 20 Rhenium concentration in molybdenite associated with alteration minerals in the Aitik deposit. ............................................................................................................................ 33 Figure 21 Rhenium concentration in molybdenite associated with opaque minerals within Aitik. ........................................................................................................................................
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