15 June 2008 a Newsletter for the Pyraloidea Fans

Volume 2 – 15 June 2008 A newsletter for the Pyraloidea fans

Welcome to the second edition of Recent publications ro) and more information is available at The Pyraloid Planet (PP), an informal on Pyraloidea systematics http://www.soceurlep.org. A workshop newsletter dedicated to the transfer of on Pyraloidea is not yet planned at this information among people interested in If you are interested to learn more point. Pyraloidea taxonomy and systematics, about recent publications on Pyraloidea mostly. systematics, please go to www.pyral- To be added to (or removed from) the oidea.org, enter the database, go to the “Membership” list, or for changes to literature report, and type the year you your addresses, please contact me. You are interested in. If you come across a New material of Pyraloidea are welcome to forward The Pyraloid paper on the systematics of Pyraloidea from French Guiana avail- Planet to whoever may have an inter- that is not in GlobIZ, please advise Mat- able for study est. Please send me the addresses and thias Nuss (address below) or the Editor emails of anyone you might want to see of The Pyraloid Planet. A list of recent Between March 25 and April 16, 2008 added to our “Membership” list. references on Pyraloidea was submit- I was able to travel to French Guiana This issue of PP is marked by the recent ted by S.-H. Yen and the information with my technician, Corinne Reuteler, passing of Dr Eugene G. Munroe and was incorporated into GlobIZ by Mat- to collect moths, especially micros. Dr Hiroshi Inoue, both of whom made thias Nuss and myself. My friend Daniel Néron joined us for significant contributions to Pyraloidea the last 12 days of our stay. We were taxonomy. Below you will find several based at Camp Patawa, on km 36 of contributions recounting the lives and Kaw Road, in the middle of the beauti- works of these prominent lepidopterists. ful forests of the Kaw Mountains. The texts that are not signed below are Congresses Owned by two French entomologists, my responsibility. This issue was made one of whom speaks English, Camp possible with the help of Fuqian Chen, The 59th Meeting of The Lepidop- Patawa offers food, lodging, and mer- Christian Guillermet, Louis Handfield, terists’ Society will be held June 23 cury-vapour lamp collecting facilities. James Hayden, Houhun Li, Florence through 27, 2008 at Mississippi State Collecting went well and we came Marteau, Wolfram Mey, Matthias Nuss, University, MS, U.S.A. back with more than 710 specimens of Jay Shaffer, Michael Shaffer, Alma Solis, For more information please check Pyraloidea, mostly pinned and spread and Shen-Horn Yen. http://www.lepsoc.org. for all smaller specimens, pinned for Unless a new editor would like to stand the larger ones, and in alcohol for a few up, I plan to produce the next issue, The 23rd International Congress of destined to be used in molecular phylo- which I hope will come out next year. Entomology will take place in Durban, genetic studies. The dry material will The logo of The Pyraloid Planet was Republic of South Africa, between from all be labelled soon and subsequently created by Florence Marteau of the July 6 to 12, 2008. available for study. Please contact me if Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, Check http://www.ice2008.org.za. you would like to borrow some of these Switzerland. And the layout of this issue specimens. was made by Florence as well. The XVIth European Congress of Lepi- dopterology will be held in Cluj, Roma- Bernard Landry nia between 25 and 31 May, 2009. The Editor The Congress organizer is Dr Laszlo Bernard Landry Rákosy ([email protected].

1 Passing of two prominent imagine more gracious hosts. lepidopterists and pyraloid I was amazed at the depth of Gene’s workers knowledge of Lepidoptera, not just taxonomy, of which he had few if any Eugene G. Munroe equals, but of evolution and ecology as 8.ix.1919 – 31.v.2008 well. Gene had a propensity for “getting it right” and I quickly learned not to ask Dr Eugene G. Munroe passed away in idle questions as Gene would always his 89th year in a hospital in Ontario, find the answer to any question no Canada. He had been in poor health matter the time required! Working with for some time. His outstanding con- Gene was both a privilege and a pleas- tributions to entomology have set him ure and I will miss him. apart as one of the greatest, and his knowledge of Pyraloidea was unparal- From Michael Shaffer : An Appreciation leled. I am proud and honoured to of Eugene G. Munroe have had him as my mentor and MSc In happier times of 2000 the excellent thesis advisor and although I hadn’t well deserved ‘Festschrift in honour of been in touch with him these last few Eugene G. Munroe’ was published in years spent away from Canada, I sent Tropical Lepidoptera and covered the him my papers on pyraloids and the many reasons why he is held in such first issue of PP, which, I like to think, high esteem throughout the scientific he was happy to see. A Festschrift in world and especially by those who his honour, including a bibliograph- Eugene Munroe in his house in 1993. were fortunate enough to know him ical sketch and list of his publications well and work with him in one capacity was published in Tropical Lepidoptera or another. The Festschrift introduction (2003, vol. 11, 1–58) on the occasion of house. She was very gracious, invited written by Alma Solis covered Gene’s his 80th birthday. Condolences, dona- me to visit, and we worked 18 hours background, distinguished academic tions, or tributes may be made at www. a day to finish the first draft. Gene’s career and the honours bestowed on tubmanfuneralhomes.com. Following knowledge of details was astounding. him, plus the enormous influence he are texts sent by Alma Solis, Jay Shaf- He would remember obscure papers had in the development of our know- fer, and Michael Shaffer. with descriptions of taxa and morphol- ledge on the Pyraloidea groups. ogy. Then he would put on his hard hat Above all, I know you will agree, Gene From Alma Solis : (so that he wouldn’t whack his head) is the acknowledged authority on the I was very fortunate to have spoken to and go down into his basement to fetch Pyraloidea through the last century and Gene within a month of my becoming the paper for me. It was a privilege to beyond and was the undoubted suc- a graduate student at the University work with Gene who had devoted most cessor to Sir George Hampson in this of Maryland. Ron Hodges arranged a of his life to the Pyraloidea and I bene- respect. The understanding and pro- meeting with Gene in October 1982 so fited greatly throughout the years from gressive development of the Pyraloidea that I could explore the idea of doing his deep knowledge of the group. through Gene’s publications, combined my PhD research in Pyraloidea. Gene with his research work on many uncom- was very kind and over a 4 hour period From Jay C. Shaffer : pleted manuscripts, and his impact suggested several projects. I told him I first met Gene, then Dr. Munroe to me, on major collections, has greatly pro- that I was having a real problem in tell- when as a graduate student my advisor gressed and stabilised our knowledge ing genera apart in the Pyraustinae so Jack Franclemont took me along on of the systematic relationships of this we went into to the NMNH collection. a trip to Ottawa and we stayed with important complex group. Those of The cabinets were very close in the old the Munroe family. Gene and I had us who had the wonderful opportunity hall and there was barely enough room little contact for some years thereafter of working closely with him and were for him to pull out a drawer. I was genu- until I sought his help with the Aldabra inspired by his efforts, were also gifted inely astounded when he proceeded to Crambidae project. I had not worked by his generosity in imparting beneficial describe the small nuances of the fore- with Pyraustinae before and desper- knowledge. Of major importance was wing pattern that allowed him to iden- ately needed help understanding gen- the fact that Gene always recognised tify the genera. The differences were eric relationships. I frankly admit that and stressed that a working know- minute and very, very subtle. So we I was in awe of Gene and viewed our ledge of world fauna was paramount continued like this talking on the phone meeting with some trepidation. None of and taxonomists should not be forced almost weekly and sometimes daily to this was helped by my arriving in Pitts- to restrict their researches to a more solve small problems for the Neotrop- burgh and finding the Ottawa flight can- limited local fauna. More than most ical Checklist. We met every October celled, then zigzagging my way across Gene was able to acquire this neces- at the NMNH when he was driving the Midwest and finally arriving late in sary information through travel, to visit south or north to Sanibel Island where Ottawa. Not to fear, Gene and Isobel nearly all major museums and other he and Isobel would enjoy the sun and met me at the airport, took me to din- institutions to study their collections in seashells (he was very interested in ner, and made me feel at home at once. order to gain this essential knowledge, molluscans as well!). He then asked me I spent four productive days working to photograph type material and closely to work with him on the chapter for the with Gene at the Canadian National examine major moth collections, and Handbook of Zoology. It was getting Collection and in his home, and over importantly, to have access to a wealth close to the deadline so I called Isobel the years would make two more vis- of entomological literature. To this end, Munroe and asked her if I could come its there. Gene and Isobel always these collections bear witness of his up to work with Gene for a week at their made me feel at home and I could not investigations and working involvement

2 and major advances were made pos- Aldabra Atoll (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Sasaki, 1998. sible in numbers of institutions from his Tropical Lepidoptera 14(1-2) : 1–114. Hiroshi Inoue was regarded with great initial sorting and preliminary identifica- The works published by Gene, either fondness by all who knew him as a tions; this is certainly so for the pyrale as sole author or as co-author will friend and colleague, his congeniality, accessions in London, Washington, influence studies on the Pyraloidea for friendship and generosity were much Ottawa and elsewhere. Hundreds of many years to come and co-workers appreciated and respected. He was a drawers at the BMNH are to this day in this field of Lepidoptera studies will visitor to the Natural History Museum in containing sorted pyrals from various continue to acknowledge with gratitude London since the early 1950’s, though subfamilies, put together either by or the huge input he has made. his visits were not very frequent, he for Gene and concerning numbers His passing is indeed a great sadness kept up regular contact with many of of his unpublished manuscripts. The to us all and will be keenly felt. the staff and held the museum in very important initial sorting Gene carried high esteem, to the extent of honour- out in the early 1950’s on the pyralid ing the museum by donating his entire collection compiled by Lord Rothschild Lepidoptera collection of some 160,000 at his Tring Museum, formed the basis Hiroshi Inoue specimens and genitalia slides, includ- for the continuous sorting and arrange- 8.vii.1917 – 2.vi.2008 ing his primary types. This donation ment of the accessions carried on by ranks Inoue as one of the major bene- Michael Shaffer. Sadly, we have also learned that factors to the museum. His absence Undoubtedly, his enthusiasm and will- Dr Hiroshi Inoue (Iruma City, Japan) from the field of Lepidoptera taxonomy ingness to help with requests for iden- passed away on the morning of June 2 will be keenly felt. tifications and his own wish to have on at the age of 90. Michael Shaffer sent loan vast amounts of material, proved the following about Dr Inoue. too ambitious and overloaded to be Hiroshi Inoue was a dedicated lepi- adequately managed and problems dopterist and a leading authority on ensued concerning the return of loan the Lepidoptera fauna of Japan and GlobIZ News material after Gene retired. To some his considerable output of publica- extent his work over the years was very tions, either as the sole author or as Since the Pyraloidea Workshop in regretfully hampered by the need for co-author with many other Japanese Dresden in March 2006, numerous data assistance in preparations of dissec- lepidopterists, mostly covered the have been added to the Global Infor- tions for vast amounts of material, and macro-moth families and the Pyraloidea mation System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ) if this aspect of work was not carried and related groups. They concerned and a number of programme improve- out to the high standards required, his own country’s moth fauna and to ments have been made. it affected his taxonomic diagnostic a smaller extent, other parts of Asia analysis of material being studied, an as well. Apart from the inclusion of Altogether, 2 750 valid species-group aspect not generally realised from the all the Microlepidoptera groups in his names plus 1 450 synonyms as well very high standard of scientific illustra- huge work ‘Moths of Japan’ published as 2200 literature records have been tion that accompanied his papers. An in 1982, Inoue rarely worked on the added to the database since May 2006, unfortunate example in this respect Microlepidoptera families. His publica- completing the world species of Galleri- is a paper eventually produced by his tions though on the pyralid groups and inae (A. Tränkner & M. Nuss), the Pyral- co-author after the original manuscript related superfamilies were quite large, oidea of the Galapagos Archipelago (B. and plates of illustrations were refused ranging from the 1950’s up to 2006 and Landry), the Crambinae of North Amer- for publication as the genitalia photo- contained many original descriptions, ica (B. Landry), and the Pyraloidea of graphs were unusable because the ori- new synonymies and new additions to Hawaii (M. Nuss). Much data have been ginal dissections were below standard. the Japanese fauna. At the relatively edited on the Spilomelinae (F. Vegliante) It was also a paper that was accident- late date, 1993, followed by a supple- and Pyraustinae (A. Tränkner). ally omitted from the list of publications ment in 2001, Inoue published on the 1367 of the literature records are those in his Festschrift, the paper concerned Thyrididae in the form of an excellent published in German on Microlepi- was E.G. Munroe & M. Shaffer, 1980. A and much needed revision of the genus doptera including Pyraloidea, dealing revision of Vitessidia Rothschild & Jor- Herdonia Walker. In three parts, Inoue with aspects of systematics, faunistics, dan and Vitessa Moore (Lepidoptera : also published a revision of the genus applied entomology and others. The Pyralidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) Palpita Hübner for the Palaearctic, records have been edited by Jörg Sei- 39(4) : 241–360. It was the first modern Oriental and Australian regions which del (Dresden). revisionary work dealing with the nom- appeared in 1996, 1997 and 1999. inate subfamily Pyralinae, Pyralini and In recognition of his contribution to the Ongoing work includes data editing on was a project initiated in earlier years taxonomy of Lepidoptera, contempor- Acentropinae and Schoenobiinae (Wolf- by others workers. ary taxonomists honoured Inoue by gang Speidel), Musotiminae (Shen-Horn Co-authorships with Gene did not naming many new species to science Yen), the Crambinae of the Neotrop- often occur, but through the 1960’s after him, and amongst the Pyraloidea ics and Africa (B. Landry) and those and 1970’s, a very fruitful collaboration are the following species : Calamo- of the Palaearctic Region (M. Nuss, R. with his fellow colleague at the CNC tropha inouei Bleszynski, 1959 ; Micro- Schouten), as well as the Pyraloidea of in Ottawa, Akira Mutuura, saw the chilo inouei Okano, 1962 ; Catoptria Madagascar (M. Nuss). production of many important works inouella Bleszynski, 1965 ; Edulicodes on temperate East Asia and the import- inoueella Roesler, 1972 ; Eoophyla Changes have been made to the editing ant generic revision of Ostrinia. It is inouei Yoshiyasu, 1979 ; Nacoleia forms of the database. Among others it therefore fitting to note that the last inouei Yamanaka, 1980 ; Endotricha is now possible to add images to each publication was a co-authorship with inouei Yoshiyasu, 1987 ; Assara inouei species-group name record and a pdf- Jay C, Shaffer, 2007, Crambidae of Yamanaka, 1994 ; and Eudonia inouei file to each reference record. A module

3 to include specimen records is currently tropical, plagas y beneficios” at COR- The Pyraloidea of the under development by Gregor Kunert. POICA, Palmira, Colombia. I taught a Galapagos Archipelago : day-long workshop on the identification an overview For citation of GlobIZ, it is recom- of Pyraloidea larvae at Palmira as well. mended to search for the data editor of Bernard Landry, Muséum d’histoire the particular taxon on the homepage naturelle, C.P. 6434, 1211 Genève 6, (home > partners) and to cite as fol- Switzerland lows: Landry, B. 2007. Nearctic Crambinae. Request Among the 30 families and 326 spe- – In: M. Nuss et al., Global Information cies of Lepidoptera that have been System on Pyraloidea. – www.pyral- Jean-François Landry and myself are recorded so far on the Galapagos oidea.org. preparing a book on the microlepidop- Islands, the Pyralidae (here taken in tera of Québec and Labrador and there the broad sense, i.e. inclusive of the « Crambidae ») represent the second Matthias Nuss most diverse group after the Noctuidae Dresden, June 9, 2008 (sensu Lafontaine & Fibiger, 2006). So far 76 species of Pyralidae have been found on the Galapagos, while there News from M. Alma Solis are valid records for 92 species of Noc- tuidae. The next most diverse families The following projects are underway: on the Galapagos have less than 20 - Placement of all Cybalomiinae in species. the Western Hemisphere that are incorrectly placed in this subfamily. These numbers show that the lepidop- - Taxonomic treatment of Diatraea, teran fauna of the Galapagos is rather including the description of at least is one species of Pyralidae, subfamily depauperate when compared to that of two new species, redescriptions of the Galleriinae, that is known only from the Neotropical region (44791 species known species, a key to the males and the type specimen, i.e. Melissoblaptes in total and 3804 species of Pyralidae females, and a summary of the known fuscolimbella Ragonot. (Heppner, 1998)), which is the region of biological information. That species was described in 1887 origin of the Galapagos fauna accord- - Study of genitalic musculature of the and the type locality is «Amérique ing to all available data. These numbers Pyraloidea is on-going as additional septentrionale» [North America]. Since also show the disharmony of the fauna, evidence to support hypotheses of pos- then, no other specimen has ever been with several missing Neotropical sub- itional homologies of structures on the seen. We suspect that the type locality families, such as the Chrysauginae, male tenth somite. could be wrong. So we are asking you, Midilinae, Odontiinae, Schoenobiinae, - A phylogenetic, worldwide revision of the pyraloid specialists of the world, if Scopariinae, etc., and three subfamilies Herpetogramma with a clarification of you know more about it, or if you have that are represented by one or two spe- its association with closely-allied, spilo- seen more specimens. We are includ- cies that were almost certainly intro- meline genera to create a monophyletic ing a photograph of the type specimen, duced by human visitors (Acentropinae, classification within the subfamily was which is deposited in the Muséum Galleriinae, and Pyralinae). commenced. It has been set aside until d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France. more type specimens are acquired. Thanks in advance for your considera- A number of phenomena have been - Description of two new musotimine tion. shown to be typically important on taxa discovered on the Old World Louis Handfield, 133 Messier # 301, islands in general. Here are five of them climbing fern in Southeast Asia. Mt-St-Hilaire, Québec, Canada J3H and how they affect Galapagos Pyral- - Creation of an image database of 2W8; [email protected] oidea. the entire pinned Crambidae, Hyblae- idae, Pterophoridae, and Pyralidae The phenotypic variability is relatively type specimens of the USNM. Over important in some of the endemic 2200 specimens will be represented by species, particularly in the Crambinae images of the dorsal habitus, labels, and Phycitinae. It is also important in slide mounted dissections, and PDF other endemic moths (there is only scans of the original description. A one endemic butterfly) and can be database will hold the information cru- explained by a relaxation of the pres- cial to the specimen as well as original sure of natural selection on the colour and current nomenclature. Approxi- pattern as a means to avoid predation, mately 80% of the project is completed. or the small size of the populations may Funding for this project was received favour a more important expression of from the Smithsonian Institution Type recessive genes. Imaging Project. Among many other professional activ- Extreme size (gigantism or nanism), ities, in 2006 I presented “Phylogenetic which is expressed in the large Galapa- studies and modern classification of the gos tortoises, may be expressed in the Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera)” at the XXXIII endemic pyraustine Beebea guglielmi Congress of the Colombian Society Schaus (Fig. 1), which reaches a wing- of Entomology, Manizales, Colombia, span of seven cm, although we don’t and “Biodiversidad de Pyraloidea Neo- know yet the phylogenetic relation-

4 Subfamily Species nos. Subfamily Species nos. the Galapagos (Linsley & Usinger, 1966; Linsley, 1977), including 6 endemics. Pyralinae 0/2 Crambinae ?7/ ?9 Since 1989, the list of recorded species increased to 47 and 5 new species Galleriinae 0/1 Musotiminae 1/1 were described (Causton et al. 2006; Ep ipaschiinae 0/1 A centropinae 0/1 Landry & Neunzig, 1998, 2006; Landry & Roque-Albelo 2006). I have speci- Phycitinae 7/16 G laphyriinae 1/2 mens of 29 more Pyralidae species that remain to be recorded from the archi- Pyraustinae (incl. Spilomelini) 15/43 pelago, including 23 new ones, that I am planning to describe in the next few T otals : ?31/ ?76 years.

Table 1. The Galapagos pyraloid subfamilies and the numbers of species in each with the first number References indicating the number of endemic species. Causton, C. E., Peck, S. B., Sinclair, B. J., ships of this cactus-feeding behemoth, (76 species). However, if we remove Roque-Albelo, L., Hodgson, C. J. & Landry, and whether or not its ancestors were from the total number of species of B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and Implica- also large. The other pyralids that are pyralids the 31 that are presumed to tions for Conservation of Galápagos Islands. endemic to the Galapagos do not be introduced by man as mentioned in Annals of the Entomological Society of appear to be larger than their contin- Causton et al. (2006), the percentage America 99: 121-143. ental cousins. In some of the native of endemism raises to 69%. This is a French, D.D. & V.R. Smith. 1983. A note on Galapagos species of butterflies and high value in comparison to that of the the feeding of Pringleophaga marioni Vietti sphingids the Galapagos populations entire fauna of the Galapagos Lepi- [sic] larvae at Marion Island. South African are reduced in size in comparison to doptera, which is estimated at 53.7% Journal of Antarctic Research 13: 45-46. those of the continent, but the same without the 56 species of lepidopter- Heppner, J.B. 1998. Classification of Lepi- doesn’t seem to apply to pyralids. ans believed to have been introduced doptera. Part 1. Introduction. Holarctic Lepi- doptera 5 (Suppl. 1): iv + 148 + 6 (index). Lafontaine, J.D. & M. Fibiger 2006. Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepi- doptera). Canadian Entomologist 138(5): 610-635. Landry, B. 2002. Galagete, a new genus of Autostichidae representing the first case of an extensive radiation of endemic Lepidop- tera in the Galápagos Islands. Revue suisse de zoologie 109: 813-868. Landry, B. & H.H. Neunzig. 1998. A review of the Phycitinae of the Galápagos Islands The loss of the ability to fly is known by man. Following the advent of new (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomologica scan- for some bird groups and in the Gal- beings on islands, radiations some- dinavica 28: 493-508. apagos the flightless cormorant is a times evolve, given enough time. In the Landry, B. & H.H. Neunzig. 2006. Additions good example. Although this phenom- Galapagos, one such famous radiation to the Phycitinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) enon sometimes affects micromoths is that of Darwin’s finches (Geospizinae) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, with on islands (French & Smith, 1983), it is and there is at least one comparable description of a new species of Caudellia not known to occur among Galapagos radiation in the microlepidoptera: that Dyar. Bulletin de la Société entomologique Lepidoptera. of genus Galagete (Autostichidae, suisse 79: 1-6. Landry, 2002). Apparently there hasn’t Landry, B. & L. Roque-Albelo. 2006. The The tendancy to harbour drab or cryptic been any such radiation in the Pyra- Acentropinae and Musotiminae (Lepidop- colours is predominant in the Galapa- lidae of the Galapagos and the largest tera, Pyralidae) of the Galapagos Islands, gos moths and there doesn’t seem to endemic species-group (three species) Ecuador. Zootaxa 1354: 45-56. be any exception in the endemic Pyra- is probably in the crambine genus La Linsley, E.G. 1997. Insects of the Galápagos lidae. However, the similar colours and Bleszynski, but I have yet to finish my (Supplement). Occasional papers of the Cali- pattern shown by two undescribed spe- study of this group. fornia Academy of Sciences No. 125: 1-50. cies, one of them in genus Agathodes Linsley, E.G. & R.L. Usinger. 1966. Insects and the other in an apparently The Galapagos pyralids are an interest- of the Galápagos Islands. Proceedings of undescribed genus (Fig. 2) represent ing group because of the relatively high the California Academy of Sciences 33(7): an enigma. I suppose that these moths number of endemics, which include 113-196. rest on a substrate that renders them some genera (e.g. Beebea Schaus, invisible to the untrained eye, but the Shafferiessa Landry & Neunzig), but substrate in question remains unknown. their taxonomy is incompletely known, and their natural history, even less so. A fourth phenomenon of high interest Before 1989, when I started my stud- is the endemism. As shown on Table 1, ies on Galapagos Lepidoptera during a the percentage of endemism is about two-month expedition, only 17 species 41% when considering the whole fauna of Pyralidae had been recorded from

5 Xicui Du The Pyraloidea Altitudinal distribution and diversity received her PhD Degree of Réunion Island Réunion Island has an uneven, rich vol- from Nankai University canic geography and the highest point, Christian Guillermet, 108 Garbejaire 2, Val- the “Piton des Neiges”, reaches almost bonne Sophia Antipolis, 06560 France 3000 meters. Pyralidae are not present Email : [email protected] over 2000 m. Their species diversity is more important between 0–1250 m Survey results and reaches a peak between 0–125 The Pyralidae and Crambidae of m. Crambidae are also more abundant Réunion Island are now represented between 0–125 m and their populations by 148 species (Guillermet, 2008), i.e. are well established up to 1250 m. Over 52 more than recorded by the previ- this altitude, their diversity decreases ous survey (Viette, 1996). In compari- very quickly. Few species, such as son, Madagascar is populated by 496 Scoparia resinodes Joannis, are present species of Pyraloidea (Viette, 1990). over 2500 m in a mainly mineral world, There is no recent list for Mauritius and where only Philipia montana plants Rodrigues Island, which make up the remain. Thus, the diversity of Pyraloidea Xicui Du, a member of the Lepidopteran Mascarene Archipelago with Réunion is more important at lower elevations, Lab, College of Life Sciences, Nankai Island, as the last one was published with 96 taxa (64.9 %). University, Tianjin, China, received her by J. Vinson in 1938. The Pyralidae PhD degree in June 2008. She com- family is represented by 48 species on pleted her research in three years under Réunion; these belong to four subfam- Professor H. H. Li, tutor of the PhD Pro- ilies and 27 genera. The Crambidae gram. Her doctoral dissertation focuses are represented by100 species belong- on a taxonomic study of 59 genera of ing to 11 subfamilies and 68 genera. Spilomelinae (Crambidae) from China. Sixteen species (15 Phycitinae and 1 The dissertation comprises four parts: a Spilomelinae) haven’t been determined. general introduction, a taxonomic part, an investigation of the antennal sensilla Geographical distribution ultrastructure by SEM, and an analysis The Pyraloidea of Réunion Island of the biogeographical distribution. mainly come from Madagascar, and Cilaus longinasus Joannis, 1932 (Musotiminae) a A total of 170 species in 59 genera partly from Africa and the indo-austral- genus and species endemic to La Réunion. This are fully described in the dissertation. ian region. Among the 48 Pyralidae is a female specimen from the MNHN collections, Fourteen species are described as new, species found on Réunion, 13 are Paris. two genera and 12 species are newly also known from Africa, 11 are also in recorded to China, and four new com- Madagascar, and 10 in the indo-austral- binations are proposed. The ultrastruc- ian region. Seven species are widely Endemism ture of the antennal sensilla of 16 spe- distributed in many countries and six Of the 148 species of Pyralidae and cies was investigated, with seven types are cosmopolitan. This is the result of Crambidae found on Réunion, 40 are of sensilla identified. The distribution of the international trade of live and dried endemic (27 %) to the island. Only the genera and species of Spilomelinae plants, a real problem for Réunion. The three endemic genera (in Phycitinae in China was analyzed and summar- Crambidae are more numerous, with and Musotiminae) have been docu- ized by maps and tables. The results 100 species of which 62 are also pres- mented. Four endemic species are show that members from the Oriental ent in Madagascar, 47 in Africa, and 31 restricted to the three islands of the Region constitute the majority of the in the indo-australian region. Twenty- Mascarene Archipelago (4 %). The total Chinese Spilomelinae at both generic five species are widely distributed in percentage of Pyraloidea endemism of and species levels, 89.22% of the gen- many countries and three are cosmo- the three islands of the Mascarenes is era are found in more than two regions, politan. 29.7 %. There are ten endemic species the worldwide distributed genera account for 15.69%, and 10.78% of the recorded genera in China are endemic Species Endemics Endemics % Endemic % Endemics to the Oriental Region. Pyralidae Réunion Réunion Mascarene Réunion Mascarene Beginning in July 2008, Xicui Du will Galleriinae 4 0 0 0 0 work at the College of Plant Protection, Epipaschiinae 1 0 0 0 0 Pyralinae 4 1 0 25 0 Southwest University, Chongqing. Phycitinae 39 9 2 23,1 5,1 Total Pyralidae 48 10 2 20,8 4,2 Crambidae Crambinae 5 0 1 0 20 Acentropinae 5 3 0 60 0 Cybalomiinae 1 1 0 100 0 Musotiminae 3 3 0 100 0 Scopariinae 2 1 0 50 0 Evergestinae 1 0 0 0 0 Odontiinae 1 1 0 100 0 Noordinae 1 0 0 0 0 Glaphyriinae 2 0 0 0 0 Spilomelinae 70 20 0 28,6 0 Pyraustinae 9 1 1 11,1 11,1 Total Crambidae 100 30 2 30 2 Total général 148 40 4 27 2,7

6 of Pyralidae on Réunion Island ou papillons de nuit de La Réunion. Pyralidae: Epipaschiinae (W. Speidel) (20.8 %). This figure will have to be cor- Volume 3, Pyralidae et Crambidae. Pyralidae: Phycitinae (W. Mey) rected following further studies on the Association N. D. P. Ile de La Réunion. 15 undetermined species of Phycitinae. 550 pages. [Available from: Asso- A total of 17 species were described The number of endemic species of ciation réunionnaise N.D.P. (Nature, and 5 new genera established in Crambidae was found to be 30 (30 Découverte et Partage), Pascal Colas, Crambidae and Pyralinae. %). The following subfamilies have no 14 Impasse Joakis, St-Gilles-les-Hauts, The most diverse and species-rich endemic species: Galleriinae, Epipas- 97435. Ile de La Réunion. Email : ndp. group within Pyraloidea on the Brand- chiinae, Evergestinae, Noordinae, and [email protected]] berg are the Phycitinae. Since I was Glaphyriinae. unable to recruit a phycitine specialist I The subfamilies with a very high num- had to study the group by myself. The ber of endemic species, between 60– low resolution at the species level in the 100 %, are Acentropinae, Cybalomi- “Pyrales” from phycitine chapter is a reflection of my inae, Musotiminae, and Odontiinae, but southern Africa “beginner” level, but I hope to continue these subfamilies are represented by a with the group in order to achieve the small number of species each. With 70 W. Mey advanced level of my esteemed col- species, 20 of which are endemic Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Univer- leagues someday. (28.6 %), the Spilomelinae represent sität, Invalidenstr. 43, D – 10115 Berlin the most diverse subfamily of Pyral- [email protected] oidea on Réunion. The altitudinal distribution of endemic Mr Chen Fuqian Pyralidae and Crambidae differs PhD candidate depending on families. The endemic Pyralidae are more numerous between Mr Chen Fuqian is a PhD candidate 500–1200 m while the endemic of the Chinese Academy of Science, Crambidae are more numerous Beijing, China. He is one of the most between 0–1250 m. The percentage of active young pyraloidea workers and endemism increases with the elevation, has recently published many papers until 1250 m for the Pyralidae and until on taxonomic reassessment of various 2500 m for the Crambidae, while their genera of the Chinese Acentropinae. total diversity decreases. In this March, he visited Dr. Yen Shen- Horn (National Sun Yat-Sen University, Conclusion Kaohsiung, Taiwan), under a Taiwan- Even though the endemism of Pyral- China bilateral visit scheme supported oidea remains important on Réunion by the Taiwan government from March because primitive forests are well pro- to April, to work on taxonomic revision tected by official institutions, my stud- of several difficult Oriental musotimine ies show that an important increase in genera with Yen. Dr Du Xicuei and Prof. the introduction of new exotic species Li Houhun, both active microlepidop- occurred since 1996 due to the inter- terists in China, also visited Taiwan nationalization of the trade of plants for similar purposes under the same and dried food products. support scheme in 2006. (Photo by Mr. The investigation of the Lepidoptera Shih Li-Chen, 2008) References material of the Brandberg Massif in Vinson, J. 1938. Catalogue of the Namibia, which was collected dur- Lepidoptera of the Mascarene Islands. ing 3 expeditions from 2000 to 2002 Mauritius Institute Bulletin 1 (4), 69 has been accomplished last year. The pages. results were published in a two vol- Viette, P. 1957. Lépidoptères (excepté umes monograph “The Lepidoptera of les Tordeuses et les Géometrides). the Brandberg Massif in Namibia”. The M.I.S.M, Tome VIII, Série E., 405 pages. books appeared in the series Esperiana Viette, P. 1990. Faune de Madagascar, Memoir as vol. 1 and vol. 4. The books Supplément 1, Liste récapitulative des can be ordered by the series editor Lépidoptères Hétérocères de Madagas- H. Hacker, Bad Staffelstein, Germany car. A provisional check-list of the Lepi- (www.esperiana.net) doptera Heterocera of Madagascar. 263 pages. Published by the author. All occurring pyraloid groups were Viette, P. 1996. Lépidoptères examined by group specialists: Hétérocères de La Réunion (= Bour- bon), Société Réunionnaise des Amis Vol. 1 du Muséum. 117 pages. Crambidae : Crambinae, Cybalomiinae Guillermet, Chr. & Chr. W. W. Guillermet (G. Bassi) 1986. Contribution à l’étude des papil- Crambidae : Noordiinae, Odontiinae, lons Hétérocères de l’île de La Réunion. Spilomelinae, Pyraustinae (K. Maes) Société Réunionnaise des Amis du Muséum. 319 pages. Vol. 2 Guillermet, Chr. 2008. Les Hétérocères, Pyralidae : Pyralinae (P. Leraut)

7 Photo : Eugauria albidentata (Hampson) (left) and “Cataclysta” angulata Moore are always sympatric Cataclystiform mimicry and their larvae utilize the same host plant in Tai- wan. The adults share similar arrangement of wing Miss Wang Muyun, a 1st year master She recently found that Eugauria, a maculation, but with different background coloura- student of Dr Yen Shen-Horn, has been diurnal Musotiminae genus widely tion. Eugauria avoids spider attacks by exhibiting studying the putative mimicry between distributed from China to Papua New its UV reflectance similar to that of the spiders, but various microlepidopteran moth groups Guinea, can successfully avoid attack “Cataclysta” angulata lacks UV reflectance and and jumping spiders (Salticidae) since of many different jumping spider spe- always gets attacked by the spiders. late 2006. This kind of mimicry is com- cies by displaying their forewing UV pletely different from those based on reflectance, which is visually similar the classical Batesian and Müllerian with the UV reflectance on spider’s mimicry scenarios based on studies legs. She is going to present a poster on butterflies. The predator represents about putative evolutionary correlation the model itself and the prey gains between spider’s behavioural and pho- advantage by resembling the model. tonic characteristics and the diversity This mimicry type has been anticipated and convergence of moth wing pattern since the 1980s based on observations during the forthcoming International of the wing pattern of some micro- Congress of Entomology in South moths characterized by white stripes Africa. and series of «eye spots» on either fore- or hindwing accompanied with various kinds of display behaviour. Eugene Munroe termed this wing pattern type as «cataclystiform». Recently Rota & Wagner (2006; PLoS One 1(1): e45) proved existence of the jumping spider mimicry of Brenthia (Choreutidae) from Costa Rica. Wang’s study focuses on the visual interactions between the moths and spiders, spider’s cognition and the parallel evolution in wing pattern between unrelated moth groups.

8 News from James Hayden Pyralid moths in the Vitor O. Becker Collection, James Hayden is nearing the comple- cinodes (Diaz & Solis, 2007). Of course, Brazil tion of his PhD work at Cornell Uni- “snout moths” display great variation in versity in Ithaca, NY. In addition to his palpal structure, and his phylogenetic After almost five years dedicated to dissertation revising Cliniodes Gn. and results demonstrate its reliability, given establish a biological reserve and related Neotropical Eurrhypini (Odonti- proper coding. General inquiry into supervising the construction of a inae), he is reviewing Dicepolia Sn. (little palpal functional morphology would research center and a lodge to accom- brown relatives of Autocharis Swin.) be very interesting, and the Pyraloidea modate visitors, here at Serra Bonita, and a new genus related to Pseudo- would be a model group for the Lepi- Camacan, Bahia, I am slowly returning noorda Mun. from the Bahama Is. He doptera. to my moths. During this time I did very presented a preliminary morphology- Jim is about to embark on an NSF- little entomology, either with publica- based phylogeny of the tribe at the funded tour of several European insti- tions or curation, except for some col- Ent. Soc. America 2007 meeting in San tutions in June and July. He looks lecting. Diego, CA. He will be illustrating and forward to searching the holdings for The main task I am starting just now is publishing many of those new charac- types and outgroups and to meeting to incorporate into the collection the ters as a thesis chapter. several members of the PP community. specimens I took to the Smithsonian The Eurrhypini is defined by a remark- He is also starting to search for post- Institution in 1999 for identification. At able stridulatory apparatus that is part doctoral positions, with an interest in that time over 4,000 pyralid specimens of the male genitalia. To date, the anything related to pyraloid systematics (one of each unidentified species of connection between the apparatus’s and functional morphology (or that of my collection), were taken to be com- function (Gwynne & Edwards, 1986) Lepidoptera in general). pared with their collection. As I had no and its general systematic significance Finally, Jim spends a fair amount of time to work them all in one trip, the (Leraut & Luquet, 1982 (1983)) has not time photocopying and scanning taxo- material was left there to be worked been tested on more species. Jim nomic literature from Cornell’s large out in the following years, every time strongly urges that somebody get these library system. To expedite things, he I had an opportunity to return to do things into the lab to record courtship would like to know of anyone interested some contract work. Over 50% of the signalling. Mimoschinia and Eurrhypis in trading digital copies. It should be material was identified to species level. should be readily available to many an easy choice between a pocket hard For some groups, such as Pyraustinae, North American and European work- drive and a duffle bag full of reprints Spilomelinae, and Epipaschiinae, over ers, and diversity sharply increases in (recalling Michael Shaffer’s amusing 70% of my material was represented the subtropics and tropics. Deanolis description of Gene Munroe’s visits to in their collection. For others, such as sublimbalis Sn., the red-banded mango the BM). Nymphulinae, Scopariinae, Musotim- borer, is another common species that inae, etc., I managed to identify no is sorely needed in collections; despite more than 20% of the species. its pest status, it is seldom reared out References All my material is now spread (I do that (M. Horak, pers. comm.) in the field), labeled, sorted to morph- Unfortunately, except for the early- Diaz, A.E. & M.A. Solis 2007. A new species ospecies and curated (in unit trays). diverging aridlands species (such as the and species distribution records of Neoleu- Over 6,000 species of pyralids are rep- two genera above), eurrhypines are not cinodes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilo- resented (for over 30,000 specimens). strongly phototropic. Jim spent much melinae) from Colombia feeding on Solanum Considering that there are about 4,500 of summer 2007 fruitlessly hunting sp. Proceedings of the Entomological Soci- species described for the neotropical Metrea ostreonalis Grt. in eastern North ety of Washington 109(4): 897-908. fauna, according to Munroe et al.’s America and Cliniodes in Puerto Rico. Gwynne, D.L. & E.D.Edwards 1986. Ultra- 1995 checklist, and that, obviously, However, thanks to collections-based sound production by genital stridulation in my collection does not include all research, he will shortly publish a range Syntonarcha iriastis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): described species, one can estimate expansion of Metrea in the Lep. Soc. long-distance signalling by male moths? the number of undescribed species. News. He would consequently like to Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society As the pyralids is one of the groups I do borrow or trade Cliniodes, Dicepolia, 88: 363-376. not have much interest in (neither time and any tropical eurrhypines. Leraut, P. & G.C. Luquet 1982 (1983). Statut left!) to work on myself, I welcome any- This summer, Jim was graciously de quelques genres et espèces d’Odontiinae one interested to study them. received by Thomas Simonsen at U. paléarctiques et description de quatre nou- Alberta to train in histological tech- veaux taxa (Lep. Crambidae). Linneana niques. Jim is interested in the stridu- Belgica 8(12): 527-555. latory apparatus’s origin: the pars stridens seems to consist of a pair of James Hayden hypertrophic scales, but sectioning and www.people.cornell.edu/pages/jeh63/ internal reconstruction should provide a better answer. However, he does not have expendible specimens in 70% ethanol, so any workers who would like to trade material, please let him know. Instead, Thomas and Jim’s interest turned to the Organ of vom Rath in the tip of the labial palpi, which senses CO2 and is sexually dimorphic at least in some cactus phycitines and Neoleu-

9 “Membership” list CHINA Valentina Kirpichnikova e-mail: Mountain-Taiga Station David Agassiz Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of 23 St James’s Road Clifford D. Ferris Sciences GB-DA11 0HF Gravesend (Kent) 5405 Bill Nye Avenue, R.R. #3 RU-692533 Gornotajozhnoe, UNITED KINGDOM Laramie, WY 82070 Ussuri region e-mail: [email protected]; U.S.A. RUSSIA [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail : [email protected]

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10 FRANCE Rob Schouten e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Museon, Dept. of Natural History Stadhouderslaan 41 Hari Sutrisno Andrew Mitchell NL-2517 HV Den Haag LIPI - The Indonesian Institute of Sciences Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, OAI NETHERLANDS Zoological Division NSW Department of Primary Industries e-mail: [email protected] Research Center for Biology Forest Rd PO Box 25, Cibinong 16911, Bogor Orange NSW 2800 Christian H. Schulze INDONESIA AUSTRALIA Department für Populationsökologie, IECB / e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Universität Wien Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien Héctor Vargas Herb H. Neunzig AUSTRIA Facultad de Agronomía Department of Entomology e-mail: [email protected] Universidad de Tarapacá North Carolina State University CASILLA 6D Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7613 Andreas Segerer Arica, CHILE U.S.A. Zoologische Staatssammlung München e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Münchhausenstr. 21 D-81247 München Francesca Vegliante Matthias Nuss GERMANY Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen phone: +49-89-8107-151; FAX: +49-89- Museum für Tierkunde Museum für Tierkunde 8107-300 Königsbrücker Landstr. 159, D-01109 Dres- Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 e-mail: [email protected] den D-01109 Dresden GERMANY GERMANY Jay Shaffer e-mail: [email protected]. e-mail: [email protected]. Department of Biology-3E1 sachsen.de de George Mason University 4400 University Drive David L. Wagner Eugenie Phillips Fairfax, Virginia 22030-4444 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary INBio U.S.A. Biology Apdo Postal 22-3100 e-mail: [email protected] University of Connecticut Santo Domingo, Heredia Storrs, CT 06269 COSTA RICA Michael Shaffer U.S.A. e-mail: Department of Entomology e-mail : [email protected] The Natural History Museum Jerry A. Powell Cromwell Road Hiroshi Yamanaka Essig Museum of Entomology London SW7 5BD 4-18, Eiraku-cho 201 Wellman Hall UNITED KINGDOM Toyama City University of California e-mail: [email protected] Toyama Pref. Berkeley, CA 94720 930-0853 JAPAN U.S.A. Thomas J. Simonsen e-mail: [email protected] Department of Biological Sciences Shen-Horn Yen Biological Sciences Centre Department of Biological Sciences Amanda Roe University of Alberta National Sun Yat-Sen University Systematics and Evolution Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Kaohsiung 804 CW315 Biological Sciences Bldg CANADA TAIWAN University of Alberta e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 CANADA Frantisek Slamka e-mail: [email protected] Racianska 61 SK-83102 Bratislava Daniel Rubinoff SLOVAQUIA 310 Gilmore Hall e-mail: [email protected] Dept. of Entomology University of Hawaii M. Alma Solis 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu SEL, USDA, Smithsonian Institution Hawaii 96822-2231 P.O. Box 37012 U.S.A. National Museum Natural History e-mail: [email protected] E-517, MRC 168, Washington DC 20013-7012 Akio Sasaki U.S.A. 11-5, Onoba 5 e-mail: [email protected] Akita City Akita Pref., 010-1424 Wolfgang Speidel JAPAN Museum Witt e-mail: [email protected] Tengstr. 33 80796 München Brian Scholtens GERMANY Biology Department e-mail: [email protected] College of Charleston 66 College Street Felix Sperling Charleston, South Carolina 29424-0011 Department of Biological Sciences U.S.A. University of Alberta e-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 CANADA