Matter & Forces Review

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Matter & Forces Review Solar System Test Review There are several planets in the solar system. What do all of these planets have in common? A.They all orbit the Sun. B. They are all close to the Moon. C.They are all called Earth. D.They all orbit the Moon. What is the largest object in our solar system? A. Jupiter B. the Sun C.the Moon D.Earth What are the large objects that revolve around the Sun called? A. asteroids B. comets C. planets D. moons What are the large objects that revolve around the planets called? A. moons B. the Sun C. comets D. stars Which of the following correctly fills in the blank in the statement below? The Earth is the ____ planet from the Sun. A. 5th B. 4th C. 3rd D. 2nd Image courtesy NASA.gov scale is relative only Which planet has an orbit that is closer to the Sun than Earth? A. Mars B. Neptune C. Venus D. Jupiter Image courtesy NASA.gov scale is relative only Which planet has the orbit that is the farthest away from the Sun? A. Neptune B. Earth C. Saturn D. Mars Another name for the inner planets is ________, which describes their physical characteristics. A. the gas giants B. the terrestrial planets C. the cold planets D. the large planets The eight planets of the solar system can be divided into two groups, as shown in the table below. Group 1 Group 2 larger planets smaller planets made mostly of gases made mostly of rock and iron rings present no rings present several moons per planet 0 - 2 moons per planet Which of the following correctly identifies the planets in these groups? A. Group 2 is the two outer planets, and, Group 1 is the six inner planets. B. Group 1 is the four outer planets, and Group 2 is the four inner planets. C. Group 1 is the four inner planets, and Group 2 is the four outer planets. D. Group 2 is the six outer planets, and Group 1 is the two inner planets. Look at the table below, and answer the question that follows. Inner Planets Outer Planets Mercury Jupiter Based on the planet group Venus Saturn it is in, Mars Earth Uranus A. has rings around it. Mars Neptune B. is small and made mostly of rock. C. is large and made mostly of gases. D. has several icy moons. There are eight planets in the solar system. Each planet is different from the others, but they all share some common characteristics. Which of the following is a similarity of all planets? A. All planets have liquid water. B. All planets have organisms on them. C. All planets orbit a star. D. All planets are the same size. Pluto used to be considered one of nine major planets in our Solar System. It is now considered _______. A. a dwarf planet B. a planetary satellite C. an asteroid D. a comet Many technological advances have helped people perform scientific studies. An important area of science that has been influenced by technology is space study. Without the invention of special equipment, much of what is known about space would not be known today. Which of the following inventions has contributed to the study of space? A. satellites B. telescopes C. space crafts D. all of these Beginning in January of 2004 there have been many photographs and other data collected from the surface of Mars. How was this data collected? A. by very powerful telescopes B. by a team of astronauts who traveled to Mars C. by satallites orbiting Mars D. by unmanned robot rovers Which of the following small objects revolve around the Sun? A. meteoroids B. comets C. asteroids D. all of these A student rubs two wooden sticks together very hard and fast. What effect will this rubbing have? A. The sticks will begin to melt B. The sticks will become magnetic C. The temperature of the sticks will increase D. The sound of the rubbing will become lower. A _______, such as the one shown above, is a small body that orbits the Sun and has a tail. A. comet B. meteor C. planet D. asteroid Sometimes, small pieces of rock or dust enter the Earth's atmosphere. When this material heats up and burns, it glows and becomes visible from the Earth's surface. These burning pieces of material are called _______. A. meteors B. comets C. moons D. planetoids What is the name for a group of planets that revolve around a central star? A. the Sun B. solar system C. galaxy D. universe Which of the following best describes the Earth? A. It is one of several moons that orbit around the Sun. B. It is one of millions of stars in the galaxy. C. It is the only known planet that orbits around the Sun. D. It is one of several planets that orbit around the Sun. Which of the following is a planet in the Solar System? A. the Sun B. the Earth C. Halley's Comet D. the Moon What tool is most helpful in observing the Moon? A. a microscope B. binoculars C. a planetarium D. a telescope In terms of size, the Earth is A. the smallest object in the galaxy. B. much larger than all stars. C. much smaller than the Sun. D. the largest planet in our solar system. Which of the planets listed below is the largest? A. Mercury B. Mars C. Jupiter D. Earth What keeps a planet in orbit around the Sun? A. radiation B. magnetism C. gravity D. heat Gravity keeps A. the planet Jupiter in orbit around the Sun. B. the Moon in orbit around Earth. C. moons in orbit around the planet Jupiter. D. all of these The Sun is a _______. A. nebula B. planet C. meteor D. star Which of the following words best describes the Sun? A. star B. planet C. moon D. comet The Sun is more than 100 times as wide as the planet Earth. How big is the Sun compared to most other stars? A. It is a very large star but not the largest. B. It is an average-sized star. C. It is much smaller than most other stars. D. It is much larger than all other stars. Colin was driving to a football field. The stadium lights at the field are large and very bright. When Colin was still far away from the field, he could see the stadium lights, but they appeared very small. How are the lights at the stadium similar to stars in the sky? A. Stars cannot be seen from far away. B. Stars appear large because they are very far away. C. Stars actually grow bigger as you move closer to them. D. Stars appear to be small because they are very far away. .
Recommended publications
  • Geological Timeline
    Geological Timeline In this pack you will find information and activities to help your class grasp the concept of geological time, just how old our planet is, and just how young we, as a species, are. Planet Earth is 4,600 million years old. We all know this is very old indeed, but big numbers like this are always difficult to get your head around. The activities in this pack will help your class to make visual representations of the age of the Earth to help them get to grips with the timescales involved. Important EvEnts In thE Earth’s hIstory 4600 mya (million years ago) – Planet Earth formed. Dust left over from the birth of the sun clumped together to form planet Earth. The other planets in our solar system were also formed in this way at about the same time. 4500 mya – Earth’s core and crust formed. Dense metals sank to the centre of the Earth and formed the core, while the outside layer cooled and solidified to form the Earth’s crust. 4400 mya – The Earth’s first oceans formed. Water vapour was released into the Earth’s atmosphere by volcanism. It then cooled, fell back down as rain, and formed the Earth’s first oceans. Some water may also have been brought to Earth by comets and asteroids. 3850 mya – The first life appeared on Earth. It was very simple single-celled organisms. Exactly how life first arose is a mystery. 1500 mya – Oxygen began to accumulate in the Earth’s atmosphere. Oxygen is made by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) as a product of photosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Outer Planets: the Ice Giants
    Outer Planets: The Ice Giants A. P. Ingersoll, H. B. Hammel, T. R. Spilker, R. E. Young Exploring Uranus and Neptune satisfies NASA’s objectives, “investigation of the Earth, Moon, Mars and beyond with emphasis on understanding the history of the solar system” and “conduct robotic exploration across the solar system for scientific purposes.” The giant planet story is the story of the solar system (*). Earth and the other small objects are leftovers from the feast of giant planet formation. As they formed, the giant planets may have migrated inward or outward, ejecting some objects from the solar system and swallowing others. The giant planets most likely delivered water and other volatiles, in the form of icy planetesimals, to the inner solar system from the region around Neptune. The “gas giants” Jupiter and Saturn are mostly hydrogen and helium. These planets must have swallowed a portion of the solar nebula intact. The “ice giants” Uranus and Neptune are made primarily of heavier stuff, probably the next most abundant elements in the Sun – oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. For each giant planet the core is the “seed” around which it accreted nebular gas. The ice giants may be more seed than gas. Giant planets are laboratories in which to test our theories about geophysics, plasma physics, meteorology, and even oceanography in a larger context. Their bottomless atmospheres, with 1000 mph winds and 100 year-old storms, teach us about weather on Earth. The giant planets’ enormous magnetic fields and intense radiation belts test our theories of terrestrial and solar electromagnetic phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • The Solar System Cause Impact Craters
    ASTRONOMY 161 Introduction to Solar System Astronomy Class 12 Solar System Survey Monday, February 5 Key Concepts (1) The terrestrial planets are made primarily of rock and metal. (2) The Jovian planets are made primarily of hydrogen and helium. (3) Moons (a.k.a. satellites) orbit the planets; some moons are large. (4) Asteroids, meteoroids, comets, and Kuiper Belt objects orbit the Sun. (5) Collision between objects in the Solar System cause impact craters. Family portrait of the Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Eris, Ceres, Pluto): My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine (Extra Cheese Pizzas). The Solar System: List of Ingredients Ingredient Percent of total mass Sun 99.8% Jupiter 0.1% other planets 0.05% everything else 0.05% The Sun dominates the Solar System Jupiter dominates the planets Object Mass Object Mass 1) Sun 330,000 2) Jupiter 320 10) Ganymede 0.025 3) Saturn 95 11) Titan 0.023 4) Neptune 17 12) Callisto 0.018 5) Uranus 15 13) Io 0.015 6) Earth 1.0 14) Moon 0.012 7) Venus 0.82 15) Europa 0.008 8) Mars 0.11 16) Triton 0.004 9) Mercury 0.055 17) Pluto 0.002 A few words about the Sun. The Sun is a large sphere of gas (mostly H, He – hydrogen and helium). The Sun shines because it is hot (T = 5,800 K). The Sun remains hot because it is powered by fusion of hydrogen to helium (H-bomb). (1) The terrestrial planets are made primarily of rock and metal.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of a Low-Mass Companion to a Metal-Rich F Star with the Marvels Pilot Project
    The Astrophysical Journal, 718:1186–1199, 2010 August 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/2/1186 C 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. DISCOVERY OF A LOW-MASS COMPANION TO A METAL-RICH F STAR WITH THE MARVELS PILOT PROJECT Scott W. Fleming1,JianGe1, Suvrath Mahadevan1,2,3, Brian Lee1, Jason D. Eastman4, Robert J. Siverd4, B. Scott Gaudi4, Andrzej Niedzielski5, Thirupathi Sivarani6, Keivan G. Stassun7,8, Alex Wolszczan2,3, Rory Barnes9, Bruce Gary7, Duy Cuong Nguyen1, Robert C. Morehead1, Xiaoke Wan1, Bo Zhao1, Jian Liu1, Pengcheng Guo1, Stephen R. Kane1,10, Julian C. van Eyken1,10, Nathan M. De Lee1, Justin R. Crepp1,11, Alaina C. Shelden1,12, Chris Laws9, John P. Wisniewski9, Donald P. Schneider2,3, Joshua Pepper7, Stephanie A. Snedden12, Kaike Pan12, Dmitry Bizyaev12, Howard Brewington12, Olena Malanushenko12, Viktor Malanushenko12, Daniel Oravetz12, Audrey Simmons12, and Shannon Watters12,13 1 Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 326711-2055, USA; scfl[email protected]fl.edu 2 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA 3 Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 4 Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 5 Torun´ Center for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100, Torun,´ Poland 6 Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore 560034, India 7 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA 8 Department of Physics, Fisk University, 1000 17th Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Explore Jupiter's Family Secrets: JUMP to JUPITER
    ~ LPI EDUCATION/PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT SCIENCE ACTIVITIES ~ Explore Jupiter’s Family Secrets: JUMP TO JUPITER OVERVIEW — Participants jump through a course from the grapefruit-sized “Sun,” past poppy-seed-sized “Earth,” and on to marble-sized “Jupiter” — and beyond! By counting the jumps needed to reach each object, children experience first-hand the vast scale of our solar system. WHAT’S THE POINT? The solar system is a family of eight planets, an asteroid belt, several dwarf planets, and numerous small bodies such as comets in orbit around the Sun. The four inner terrestrial planets are small compared to the four outer gas giants. The distance between planetary orbits is large compared to their sizes. Models can be used to answer questions about the solar system. MATERIALS — Facility needs: ☐ A large area, such as a long hallway, a sidewalk that extends for several blocks, or a football field (see Preparation section for setup options) ☐ A variety of memorable objects used to represent the Sun and planets, such as (use Jump to Jupiter: Planet Sizes and Distances to identify an appropriately-sized substitutes as needed): ☐ 1 (4 inch) grapefruit ☐ 2 (½ inch) marbles ☐ 2 peppercorns ☐ 2 poppy seeds ☐ 3 pepper flakes ☐ 1 pinch of fine sand or dust ☐ 1 set of solar system object markers created (preferably in color) from: • 1 set of Jump to Jupiter: Planet Information Sheets OR Credit: Enid Costley, Library of Virginia • Posters created by the participants OR • Optional: 1 set of Our Solar System lithographs (NASA educational product number LS-2013-07-003-HQ):
    [Show full text]
  • Investor Presentation July 2021
    Investor Presentation July 2021 Image: South Passage, Australia – October 1, 2015 1 Disclaimers About this Presentation This investor presentation (this “Presentation”) relates to a proposed business combination (the “Business Combination”) between dMY Technology Group, Inc. IV (“dMY”) and Planet Labs, Inc. (the “Company”). The information contained herein does not purport to be all-inclusive and none of dMY, the Company or their respective affiliates or representatives makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness or reliability of the information contained in this Presentation. This Presentation does not constitute (i) a solicitation of a proxy, consent or authorization with respect to any securities or in respect of the proposed Business Combination or (ii) an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation to purchase any security of dMY, the Company, or any of their respective affiliates. No offering of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or an exemption therefrom. Forward Looking Statements Certain statements in this Presentation may be considered “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements generally relate to our current expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions, strategies or projections about future events or dMY’s or the Company’s future financial or operating performance. For example, statements regarding anticipated growth in the industry in which the Company operates and anticipated growth in demand for the Company’s services, projections of the Company’s future financial results and other metrics and ownership of the combined company following the closing of the Business Combination are forward-looking statements.
    [Show full text]
  • Shallow Ultraviolet Transits of WD 1145+017
    Shallow Ultraviolet Transits of WD 1145+017 Item Type Article Authors Xu, Siyi; Hallakoun, Na’ama; Gary, Bruce; Dalba, Paul A.; Debes, John; Dufour, Patrick; Fortin-Archambault, Maude; Fukui, Akihiko; Jura, Michael A.; Klein, Beth; Kusakabe, Nobuhiko; Muirhead, Philip S.; Narita, Norio; Steele, Amy; Su, Kate Y. L.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Watanabe, Noriharu; Zhan, Zhuchang; Zuckerman, Ben Citation Siyi Xu et al 2019 AJ 157 255 DOI 10.3847/1538-3881/ab1b36 Publisher IOP PUBLISHING LTD Journal ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL Rights Copyright © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Download date 09/10/2021 04:17:12 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/634682 The Astronomical Journal, 157:255 (12pp), 2019 June https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab1b36 © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Shallow Ultraviolet Transits of WD 1145+017 Siyi Xu (许偲艺)1 ,Na’ama Hallakoun2 , Bruce Gary3 , Paul A. Dalba4 , John Debes5 , Patrick Dufour6, Maude Fortin-Archambault6, Akihiko Fukui7,8 , Michael A. Jura9,21, Beth Klein9 , Nobuhiko Kusakabe10, Philip S. Muirhead11 , Norio Narita (成田憲保)8,10,12,13,14 , Amy Steele15, Kate Y. L. Su16 , Andrew Vanderburg17 , Noriharu Watanabe18,19, Zhuchang Zhan (詹筑畅)20 , and Ben Zuckerman9 1 Gemini Observatory, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; [email protected] 2 School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel 3 Hereford Arizona Observatory, Hereford, AZ 85615, USA
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of the Ice Giant Systems
    Exploration of the Ice Giant Systems A White Paper for NASA's Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032 Uranus (left) [1] and Neptune (right) (NASA) Lead Authors: Chloe B. Beddingfield1,2 1The SETI Institute 2NASA Ames Research Center [email protected] (972) 415-7604 Cheng Li3 3University of California, Berkeley [email protected] Primary Co-Authors: Sushil Atreya4 Patricia Beauchamp5 Ian Cohen6 Jonathan Fortney7 Heidi Hammel8 Matthew Hedman9 Mark Hofstadter5 Abigail Rymer6 Paul Schenk10 Mark Showalter1 4University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 5Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 6Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 7University of California, Santa Cruz, 8Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, 9University of Idaho, 10Lunar and Planetary Institute Additional Coauthors and Endorsers: For a full list of the 145 authors and endorsers, see the following link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/158h8ZK0HXp- DSQqVhV7gcGzjHqhUJ_2MzQAsRg3sxXw/edit?usp=sharing Motivation Ice giants are the only unexplored class of planet in our Solar System. Much that we currently know about these systems challenges our understanding of how planets, rings, satellites, and magnetospheres form and evolve. We assert that an ice giant Flagship mission with an atmospheric probe should be a priority for the decade 2023-2032. Investigation of Uranus or Neptune would advance fundamental understanding of many key issues in Solar System formation: 1) how ice giants formed and migrated through the Solar System; 2) what processes control the current conditions of this class of planet, its rings, satellites, and magnetospheres; 3) how the rings and satellites formed and evolved, and how Triton was captured from the Kuiper Belt; 4) whether the large satellites of the ice giants are ocean worlds that may harbor life now or in the past; and 5) the range of possible characteristics for exoplanets.
    [Show full text]
  • Was Jupiter Born Beyond the Current Orbits of Neptune and Pluto?
    INNER WORKINGS INNER WORKINGS Was Jupiter born beyond the current orbits of Neptune and Pluto? Ken Croswell, Science Writer Ancient people named the planet Jupiter well. Both gravity stunted the growth of newborn Mars, sculpts its brilliance and its slow, regal movement across the the asteroid belt today, and may even help protect sky evoked a king among gods. Today we know much Earth from catastrophic comet impacts. more about the influence of Jupiter, a planet boasting But how did such a behemoth arise? Conventional more than twice as much mass as the solar system’s theory says that Jupiter formed more or less where it other planets put together. Jupiter’s tremendous is now, about five times farther from the Sun than A new theory suggests that Jupiter formed its core far from the Sun, then moved inward. Image credit: Hubble Space Telescope – NASA, ESA, and Amy Simon (NASA Goddard). Published under the PNAS license. First published July 1, 2020. 16716–16719 | PNAS | July 21, 2020 | vol. 117 | no. 29 www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2011609117 Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 Earth is. At that distance, the disk of gas and dust that swirled around the young Sun was dense enough to give birth to the planetary goliath. In 2019, however, two groups of researchers un- aware of each other’s work—one in America (1), the other in Europe (2)—proposed a literally far-out alter- native: Jupiter got its start in the solar system’s hinter- lands, probably beyond the current orbits of Neptune and Pluto, and then moved inward.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercury Sun Venus Earth
    I.D. Cards *The sun is made mostly of Sun Mercury*Mercury is the closest planet hydrogen & helium. to the sun and the 2nd hoCest. *The sun is 110+ 9mes bigger *Mercury is the 2nd densest than the Earth. planet. (Earth is the 1st.) *It takes 8 minutes for light to *Mercury has no moons or get to Earth. rings. Venus Earth *Venus is the 2nd planet from *Earth is the largest of the the sun and the 3rd brightest terrestrial planets. object in Earth’s sky. *It is the only planet not *Venus is the closest planet named aer a mythological to Earth. being. *70% is covered by water. I.D. Cards Mars Jupiter *Mars is called the Red *Jupiter has 67 moons. Planet. *It is the 4th brightest object *Mars has huge dust storms in our solar system. and polar ice caps. *Its Great Red Spot is an *Its moons are called Phobos enormous storm over 300 & Deimos. years old. Saturn Uranus *Saturn is the 2nd largest *Uranus was discovered in planet in our Solar System. 1781 by William Herschel. *Saturn has 150 moons. *It is the coldest planet in our *It is the flaest planet. solar system. *Saturn’s rings are mostly *Uranus has 13 rings. made of 9ny ice par9cles, dust and debris. I.D. Cards Neptune Pluto *It’s the 8th planet from the *Pluto is a dwarf planet and th sun. was once the 9 planet of the *Neptune has 14 moons and solar system. 3 major rings named Adams, *It has 5 moons and is smaller Le Verrier and Galle.
    [Show full text]
  • Voyage Into Planet Earth Booklet
    VOYAGE INTO PLANET EARTH DO YOU EVER WONDER what’s beneath your feet? how deep does the Earth go, and what would you find? Scientists know more about Understanding the planet is certain distant galaxies than challenging because it changes they do about what lies miles all the time. beneath your feet. Throughout Earth’s history, these Scientists have explored many changes have resulted in the areas of the Earth’s crust, but formation of distinctive layers. that just scratches the surface in understanding the planet. The Earth has four layers, which are stacked like the layers on It may seem like the Earth an onion. As you peel back the is made up of one big, solid layers, you find the crust, mantle, rock. It’s really made up of outer core, and inner core. You a number of parts, some are can only see the top layer, the constantly moving! crust, which sustains life—plants, animals, and people! on a voyage into planet LET’S Earth—from the crust into the GO inner core—and explore each layer. what’s beneath your feet? how deep does the Earth go, and what would you find? As you move through the Earth’s layers from the crust to the core, the planet gets hotter. The red, yellow, and orange indicate changes in temperature. The first stop on our journey is the crust. It is the relatively thin, THE rocky outer skin that you stand on top of every day. Scientists have spent EARTH’S a lot of time studying the outer crust of the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Course: Planet Earth PEIMS Code: N1120040 Abbreviation: PLNEAR Number of Credits That May Be Earned: 1
    Course: Planet Earth PEIMS Code: N1120040 Abbreviation: PLNEAR Number of credits that may be earned: 1 Brief description of the course (150 words or less): Planet Earth focuses on the complex, dynamic relationship between the planet and its life, tracing it through the Earth’s geologic history. Portions of the course include the emerging, integrative science now being referred to as Geobiology at the college level. The course is project-based with major components being a semester-long biodiversity study, a simulated senate hearing to evaluate extra-terrestrial impact defense, and geologic mapping exercises, through which students experience hands-on geologic and biologic field work. In fact, it is one the few courses in the Austin area that is being observed by the University of Texas Project-based Instruction class. This interdisciplinary, double-block, one semester course relies on reading and discussion of primary source material rather than a textbook, and writing and public speaking skills are enhanced through essay-writing and student presentations. The semester-long biodiversity study is a chance to complete authentic scientific research, hands-on and in the field. “Civilization exists by geologic consent, subject to change without notice.” Educated decision makers should understand the science underlying this quote from the philosopher Will Durant. Planet Earth provides the basis for this understanding and more. With a potential “nature-deficit disorder” in America’s youth, recent natural disasters such as the Indonesian tsunami and Hurricanes Katrina and Ike, and pressing environmental issues such as global warming, Planet Earth is more relevant than ever. Students learn science in the manner in which most science was first learned, hands-on and in the field.
    [Show full text]