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Organic Residue Analysis and the Earliest Uses of Pottery in the Ancient Middle East
ORGANIC RESIDUE ANALYSIS AND THE EARLIEST USES OF POTTERY IN THE ANCIENT MIDDLE EAST by Michael William Gregg A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by Michael William Gregg 2009 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-60970-5 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-60970-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Flint Recycling in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age: Evidence for Small Flakes Production by Means of Recycling at Ein-Zippori, Israel Yoni Parush 1,2, Richard W
Flint recycling in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age: Evidence for small flakes production by means of recycling at Ein-Zippori, Israel Yoni Parush 1,2, Richard W. Yerkes 3, Bar Efrati 1,2, Ran Barkai 1,2, Avi Gopher 1,2 1. The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel-Aviv University, POB 39040, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel. Email: Parush: [email protected]; Gopher: [email protected]; Barkai: [email protected]; Efrati: [email protected] 2. Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near East Cultures, Tel-Aviv University, POB 39040, 69978 Tel- Aviv, Israel. 3. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, U.S.A. Email: Yerkes: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents a new techno-typological analysis of a sample of small flakes that were produced through recycling from discarded blanks at the late Pottery Neolithic and Early Bronze Age site of Ein-Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel. This study shows that the systematic production of small flakes from previously discarded blanks was not related to a scarcity in raw materials, but rather to specific decisions concerning the types of tools needed to carry out necessary tasks. These results are supported by use-wear analysis briefly noted on here and presented in more detail in a separate paper. The results further indicate the importance of reconstructing the life history of recycled items and its influence on the composition and variability of the lithic assemblages. The results indicate that recycling was a significant lithic production trajectory during the late Pottery Neolithic and in the Early Bronze Age. -
NEO-LITHICS 1/10 the Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research Special Topic on Conflict and Warfare in the Near Eastern Neolithic Content
Editorial Introduction Clare and Gebel Introduction: Conflict and Warfare Keynote Bar-Yosef Warfare in Levantine Early Neolithic. A Hypothesis Comments and Contributions Bernbeck A Scholastic Fallacy Clare Pastoral Clashes: Conflict Risk and Mitigation Gebel Conflict and Conflict Mitigation Grosman Prehistoric Warfare – Cause and Visibility Guilaine Neolithic Warfare: Comments LeBlanc Broader Implications Müller-Neuhof Comment Özdoğan Warfare Due to Social Stress or State of Security Through Social Welfare Otterbein Early Warfare Roksandic Commentary Rollefson Violence in Eden: Comments Roscoe War, Community, and Environment Warburton Methodological Considerations Reply Bar-Yosef Warfare in Levantine Early Neolithic. Response Ofer Bar-Yosef Other Contributions Köksal-Schmidt and Schmidt Göbekli Tepe „Totem Pole“ Arimura, Badalyan, Gasparan, and Chataigner Current Neolithic Research in Armenia Neeley TBAS 102: A Late Natufian Site in West-Central Jordan Bartl Shir, West Syria New Theses NEO-LITHICS 1/10 The Newsletter of Southwest Asian Neolithic Research Special Topic on Conflict and Warfare in the Near Eastern Neolithic Content Editorial 3 Introduction Lee Clare and Hans Georg K. Gebel Introduction: Conflict and Warfare in the Near Eastern Neolithic 3 Keynote Ofer Bar-Yosef Warfare in Levantine Early Neolithic. A Hypothesis to be Considered 6 Comments and Contributions Reinhard Bernbeck Prehistoric Wars, A Scholastic Fallacy 11 Lee Clare Pastoral Clashes: Conflict Risk and Mitigation at the Pottery Neolithic Transition in the Southern Levant 13 Hans Georg K. Gebel Conflict and Conflict Mitigation in Early Near Eastern Sedentism 32 Leore Grosman Prehistoric Warfare – Cause and Visibility 36 Jean Guilaine Neolithic Warfare: Comments 38 Steven A. LeBlanc Early Neolithic Warfare in the Near East and its Broader Implications 40 Bernd Müller-Neuhof Comment to Ofer Bar Yosef‘s Keynote: Warfare in Levantine Early Neolithic. -
A Proto-Canaanite (Early Alphabetic) Inscription
The Jerubba‘al Inscription from Khirbet al-Ra‘i: A Proto-Canaanite (Early Alphabetic) Inscription Christopher Rollston1, Yosef Garfinkel2, Kyle H. Keimer3, Gillan Davis4, Saar Ganor5 1 George Washington University [email protected] 2 Hebrew University of Jerusalem [email protected] 3 Macquarie University, Sydney [email protected] 4 Macquarie University, Sydney [email protected] 5 Israel Antiquities Authority [email protected] Abstract This article presents a Proto-Canaanite inscription written in ink on a jug. It was unearthed in 2019 at Khirbet al-Ra‘i, located 4 km west of Tel Lachish, in a level dated to the late twelfth or early eleventh century BCE. Only part of the inscription had survived, with five letters indicating the personal name Yrb‘l (Jerubba‘al). This name also appears in the biblical tradition, more or less in the same era: “[Gideon] from that day was called Yrb‘l” (Judg. 6:31–32). This inscription, together with similar inscriptions from Beth-Shemesh and Khirbet Qeiyafa, contributes to a better understanding of the distribution of theophoric names with the element ba‘al in the eleventh–tenth centuries BCE in Judah. KEYWORDS: Proto-Canaanite inscription, Jerubba‘al, Khirbet al-Ra‘i Christopher Rollston, Yosef Garfinkel, Kyle H. Keimer, Gillan Davis and Saar Ganor, 2021. The Jerubba‘al Inscription from Khirbet al-Ra‘i: A Proto-Canaanite (Early Alphabetic) Inscription. Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 2: 1–15. ISSN: 2788-8819; https://doi.org/10.52486/01.00002.1; https://jjar.huji.ac.il 1 Rollston et al. -
Archaeological Cultures‖, and Matters of Chronology and Terminology‖
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 21 June 2011 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Philip, G. (2011) 'The later prehistory of the southern Levant : issues of practice and context.', in Culture, chronology and the chalcolithic : theory and transition. Oxford: Council for British Research in the Levant ; Oxbow Books, pp. 192-209. Levant Supplementary. (9). Further information on publisher's website: http://www.oxbowbooks.com/bookinfo.cfm/ID/89487 Publisher's copyright statement: Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk The later prehistory of the southern Levant: issues of practice and context Graham Philip, Durham University Dept. of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K. 1. Introduction The workshop published here was intended to improve our understanding of the developments during the 6th through the mid-4th millennia BC. -
The Tel Zayit Abecedary and Putative Evidence for Israelite Literacy
00-Tappy-Tel_Zayit.book Page 61 Saturday, September 13, 2008 10:23 AM The Phoenician Script of the Tel Zayit Abecedary and Putative Evidence for Israelite Literacy Christopher A. Rollston Emmanuel School of Religion, a Graduate Seminary Literacy: Ancient and Modern The definition of literacy for antiquity (and modernity) is the subject of substantial debate. Some suggest that in “oral cultures” the capacity to use language (that is, the spoken word) in a functional or sophisticated man- ner constitutes literacy. However, some wish to argue that literacy is a term that is to be understood as referring to the ability to read and write texts. Occasionally, there are those who propose that functional literacy be de- fined as just the capacity to write one’s name. The United Nations Educa- tional Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has produced the following minimalist definition for the contemporary period: “Literacy is the ability to read and write with understanding a simple statement related to one’s daily life. It involves a continuum of reading and writing skills, and often includes also basic arithmetic skills (numeracy).”1 The bibliography for the subject of literacy in antiquity (and modernity) is vast and varied.2 For the southern Levant during antiquity, (1) I propose the following as a working description of literacy: substantial facility in a writing system, that is, the ability to write and read, using and understanding a standard script, a standard orthography, a standard numeric system, conventional formatting and terminology, and with minimal errors (of composition or comprehension). Moreover, I maintain that the capacity to scrawl one’s name on a contract, but without the ability to write or read anything else 1. -
A Comparison of Three Late Neolithic Pottery Assemblages
UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY: A COMPARISON OF THREE LATE NEOLITHIC POTTERY ASSEMBLAGES FROM WADI ZIQLAB, JORDAN by Kevin Timothy Gibbs A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by Kevin Timothy Gibbs 2008 Abstract Understanding Community: A Comparison of Three Late Neolithic Pottery Assemblages from Wadi Ziqlab, Jordan Kevin Timothy Gibbs Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2008 This study presents the results of an analysis of three Late Neolithic pottery assemblages from Wadi Ziqlab, northern Jordan. These sites were occupied during the 6th millennium BC (calibrated) and are therefore contemporary with sites in other parts of the southern Levant that are attributed to the Wadi Rabah culture. The assemblages are analyzed from a stylistic perspective, broadly defined, which includes an examination of technological style in addition to a more traditional examination of vessel form and surface treatment. Different stages in the pottery production sequence are investigated using a range of analytical techniques, including thin-section petrography and xeroradiography. While there are some similarities between the assemblages, there are also some noticeable differences. The results of the pottery analysis are used to explore the nature of community in the context of the Late Neolithic. A critique of more traditional archaeological approaches to prehistoric communities leads to a re-conceptualization of community that combines interactional and ideational perspectives. Similarities in pottery among the sites, especially technological similarities, suggest that pottery producers may have comprised a dispersed community of practice. At the same time, pottery may have also been a symbolic marker of community boundaries. -
In Search of the Origins of Lower Egyptian Pottery: a New Approach to Old Data
PREVIOUSLY RELEASED VOLUMES IN SERIES „STUDIES IN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY” SAA vol. 1. Lech Krzyżaniak and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds.), Origin and Early Development of Food-Producing Cultures in North-Eastern Africa. Poznań 1984. 16 vol. 2. Lech Krzyżaniak and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds.), Late Prehistory of the Nile Basin In Search of the Origins and the Sahara. Poznań 1989. A New Approach to Old Data to Approach A New Pottery: Egyptian In of Lower of the Origins Search vol. 3. Lech Krzyżaniak, Late Prehistory of the Central Sudan (in Polish, with English of Lower Egyptian summary). Poznań 1992. vol. 4. Lech Krzyżaniak, Michał Kobusiewicz and John Alexander (eds.), Environmental Change and Human Culture in the Nile Basin and Northern Africa until the Second Pottery: Millenium BC. Poznań 1993. A New Approach to Old Data vol. 5. Lech Krzyżaniak, Karla Kroeper and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds.), Interregional Contacts in the Later Prehistory of Northeastern Africa. Poznań 1996. vol. 6. Marek Chłodnicki, Pottery in the Neolithic Societies of the Central Sudan (in preparation). vol. 7. Lech Krzyżaniak, Karla Kroeper and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds.), Recent Research into Agnieszka Mączyńska the Stone Age of Northeastern Africa. Poznań 2000. vol. 8. Lech Krzyżaniak, Karla Kroeper and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds.), Cultural Markers in the Later Prehistory of Northeastern Africa and Recent Research. Poznań 2003. vol. 9. Karla Kroeper, Marek Chłodnicki and Michał Kobusiewicz (eds.), Archaeology of the Earliest Northeastern Africa. In Memory of Lech Krzyżaniak. Poznań 2006. vol. 10. Marek Chłodnicki, Michał Kobusiewicz and Karla Kroeper (eds.), Kadero: the Lech Krzyżaniak excavations in the Sudan. Poznań 2011. vol. 11. -
Epigraphy, Philology, and the Hebrew Bible
EPIGRAPHY, PHILOLOGY, & THE HEBREW BIBLE Methodological Perspectives on Philological & Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of Jo Ann Hackett Edited by Jeremy M. Hutton and Aaron D. Rubin Ancient Near East Monographs – Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) EPIGRAPHY, PHILOLOGY, AND THE HEBREW BIBLE Ancient Near East Monographs General Editors Ehud Ben Zvi Roxana Flammini Alan Lenzi Juan Manuel Tebes Editorial Board: Reinhard Achenbach Esther J. Hamori Steven W. Holloway René Krüger Steven L. McKenzie Martti Nissinen Graciela Gestoso Singer Number 12 EPIGRAPHY, PHILOLOGY, AND THE HEBREW BIBLE Methodological Perspectives on Philological and Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible in Honor of Jo Ann Hackett Edited by Jeremy M. Hutton and Aaron D. Rubin SBL Press Atlanta Copyright © 2015 by SBL Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress has catologued the print edition: Names: Hackett, Jo Ann, honouree. | Hutton, Jeremy Michael, editor. | Rubin, Aaron D., 1976- editor. Title: Epigraphy, philology, and the Hebrew Bible : methodological perspectives on philological and comparative study of the Hebrew Bible in honor of Jo Ann Hackett / edited by Jeremy M. -
Archaeobotanical Research at Neolithic and Chalcolithic Sites in Jordan
Early Farmers and their Environment: Archaeobotanical Research at Neolithic and Chalcolithic Sites in Jordan Submitted by John Meadows BEc BA (Hons) MSc A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Archaeology Program School of Historical and European Studies Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences La Trobe University, Victoria 3086 Australia July 2005 Table of contents List of tables v List of figures vi Abstract xi Acknowledgements xii Statement of authorship xiii Introduction 1 I.1 Thesis structure 2 I.2 Thesis outline 3 Section 1 Background Chapter 1 Chronology 23 Chapter 2 Environment 31 2.1 The modern precipitation regime and its implications for agriculture 31 2.2 Holocene climate change 32 2.2.1 Palynology 32 2.2.2 Stable isotope data 38 2.2.3 Palaeohydrology 40 2.2.4 Sedimentology 42 2.3 Summary 43 Chapter 3 Archaeology 44 3.1 Period I: 9200–8300 cal BC 44 3.1.1 Summary of evidence at ca 9000 cal BC 51 3.2 Period II: 8200–7600 cal BC 52 3.2.1 Summary of evidence at ca 8000 cal BC 58 3.3 Period III: 7500–6500 cal BC 58 3.3.1 Summary of evidence at ca 7000 cal BC 69 3.4 Period IV: 6400–5500 cal BC 70 3.4.1 Summary of evidence at ca 6000 cal BC 77 3.5 Period V: 5500–4500 cal BC 78 3.5.1 Summary of evidence at ca 5000 cal BC 82 3.6 Period VI: 4500–3700 cal BC 82 3.6.1 Summary of evidence at ca 4000 cal BC 84 i Section 2 Data Chapter 4 Fieldwork 86 4.1 Zahrat adh-Dhra’ 2 86 4.2 Wadi Fidan 1 (JHF001) 87 4.3 Tell Rakan I (WZ120) 88 4.4 ash-Shalaf 89 4.5 Pella Area XXXII 90 4.6 Teleilat -
Book Reviews
JETS 54.4 (December 2011) 823–83 BOOK REVIEWS Christopher A. Rollston, Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age. Archaeology and Biblical Studies 11. Atlanta, SBL, 2010, xx + 171 pp., $21.95 paper. While there exist valuable scholarly collections of ancient Hebrew inscriptions (e.g. G. I. Davies, Renz and Röllig, Dobbs-Allsopps et al., Ahituv), to which one should add, at a more popular level, P. Kyle McCarter, Ancient Inscriptions (Washington: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1996), non-technical introductions to West Semitic epigraphy as a !eld, with its methods, results, and limits, remain scarce. Since J. Naveh, Early His- tory of the Alphabet (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1982), G. Garbini has written Introduzione all’epigra!a semitica (Brescia: Paideia, 2006), but it is essentially an overview of the various regional corpus, and already a lengthy and detailed book. It is all the more appreciable that a leading epigraphist such as Christopher Rollston has been willing to write a concise textbook on this fascinating subject. In addition to teaching at Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Tennessee, Rollston is editor for the journal MAARAV and has published valuable contributions to epigraphic research. The book is divided into two parts. In the !rst, concerning the question “broad tab- leau?” Rollston rapidly describes the traces we have of the earliest alphabetic system in the second millennium BC, as well as the Ugaritic cuneiform alphabet. Then he devotes more space to the stabilized and standardized Phoenician script, introducing among other items the royal Byblian inscriptions from the tenth century BC, and convincingly reasserting their conventional dating against recent attempts by B. -
Excavations at Motza in the Judean Hills and the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B in the Southern Levant H
Excavations at Motza in the Judean Hills and the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B in the Southern Levant H. Khalaily, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Omry Barzilai, Elisabetta Boaretto, Fanny Bocquentin, A. Eirikh-Rose, Z. Greenhut, A. Goring-Morris, G. Le Dosseur, O. Marder, et al. To cite this version: H. Khalaily, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Omry Barzilai, Elisabetta Boaretto, Fanny Bocquentin, et al.. Excava- tions at Motza in the Judean Hills and the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B in the Southern Levant. Paléorient, CNRS, 2007, 33 (2), pp.5-37. 10.3406/paleo.2007.5218. hal-01996987 HAL Id: hal-01996987 https://hal.parisnanterre.fr//hal-01996987 Submitted on 28 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License EXCAVATIONS AT MOTZA IN THE JUDEAN HILLS AND THE EARLY Tiré à part - CNRS Éditions PRE-POTTERY NEOLITHIC B IN THE SOUTHERN LEVANT H. KHALAILY, O. BAR-YOSEF, O. BARZILAI, E. BOARETTO, F. BOCQUENTIN, A. EIRIKH-ROSE, Z. GREENHUT, A.N. GORING-MORRIS, G. LE DOSSEUR, O. MARDER, L. SAPIR-HEN and M. YIZHAQ Tiré à part - CNRS Éditions Abstract: Recent excavations at Motza near Jerusalem revealed a large Neolithic site that was continuously inhabited from the Early PPNB until the Pottery Neolithic period.