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Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Electrophilic Substitution. 11* Friedel-Crafts Type Nitration Using Acetone Cyanohydrin Nitrate
Aust. J. Chem., 1978, 31, 1839-40 Electrophilic Substitution. 11* Friedel-Crafts Type Nitration Using Acetone Cyanohydrin Nitrate Subhash C. Narang and Malcolm J. Thompson School of Physical Sciences, The Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, S.A. 5042. Abstract Nitration of activated aromatic systems has been studied by using acetone cyanohydrin nitrate with boron trifluoride etherate in catalytic amounts. Products of typical electrophilic nitration were formed under non-oxidizing conditions. Although nitration of aromatics is a well studied reaction the conditions employed are usually strongly acidic. Nitric acid is used alone or as a solution in organic solvent or in strong acid such as sulfuric Nitrations with mixed anhydrides of nitric acid are also well d~cumented.~Relatively little attention has been paid to nitrations of the Friedel-Crafts type with nitrate esters. Olah et a1.3-5 have recently reported the use of methyl nitrate in conjunction with boron trifluoride for the selective nitration of various methylbenzenes.? Because acetone cyanohydrin nitrate (1-cyano-1-methylethyl nitrate) is more stable and more readily prepared7 than methyl nitrate we have investigated the system acetone cyanohydrin nitrate/boron trifluoride etherate for the nitration of some activated aromatics. In addition to this we have reduced the amount of boron trifluoride to catalytic quantities so that we obtain higher yields and cleaner products. The use of boron trifluoride etherate also provides a simpler and cheaper source of catalyst than the use of boron trifluoride gas. Table 1 summarizes the results. It will be noted that the product distribution is similar to that obtained with the more usual nitrating agents. -
Ni33nh3+3Nhi
Pure & Appi. Chem., Vol. 49, pp.67—73. Pergamon Press, 1977. Printed in Great Britain. NON-AQJEOUS SOLVENTS FOR PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF NITROGEN HALOGEN COMPOUNDS Jochen Jander Department of Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, D 69 Heidelberg, Germany Abstract -Theimportance of non—aqueous solvents for the chemistry of haloamines is shown in more recent reaction examples. The solvents must be low-melting because of the general temperature sensitivity of the haloamines. They may take part in the reaction (formation of CH NI •CH NH (CH )2NI, NI-,.5 NH-, and NH0I.NH-)ormay e ner (ormation of I .quinuiilidin, 2 NI •1 trithylenediamine, [I(qunuclidine),] salts pure NBr, and compounds of the type R1R2NC103 with R1 and R2 =orgnicgroup or hydrogen). INTRODUCTION Non-aqueous solvents play an important role in preparation and reactions of nitrogen halogen compounds. Due to the fact, that all haloamines are derivatives of ammonia or amines, liquid ammonia or liquid organic amines are used as solvents very often. Liquid ammonia and the lower organic amines reveal, in addition, the advantage of low melting points (liquid ammonia -78, liquid monomethylamine -93.5, liquid dimethylamine -92, liquid tn-. methylamine -12k°C); these meet the general temperature sensitivity of the nitrogen halogen compounds, especially of the pure .lorganic ones. Ammonia and amines are very seldom inert solvents; they mostly take part in the reaction planned for synthesis or conversion of the haloamine. In case a reaction of the solvent is to be avoided, one has to look for a low melting inert solvent, for example methylene chloride (m.p. -
Theoretical Study on the Molecular and Crystal Structures of Nitrogen Trifluoride and It’S Adduct with BF3
J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 127, No. 8, August 2015, pp. 1491–1496. c Indian Academy of Sciences. DOI 10.1007/s12039-015-0857-3 Theoretical study on the molecular and crystal structures of nitrogen trifluoride and it’s adduct with BF3 HONGCHEN DUa,b,c aSchool of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Linan, 311300, China bZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, 311300, China cPresent address: Weifang University of Science and Technology, Jinguang Street 1299, Shouguang, 262700, China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] MS received 30 April 2014; revised 30 October 2014; accepted 27 January 2015 Abstract. The molecular and crystal structure of the adduct NF3·BF3 was studied computationally using density functional theory. It shows that the adduct exists in the form of a complex but is not ionic. The heats of formation in the gas and the condensed phase of the adduct are −1266.09 and −1276.37 kJ·mol−1, respectively, which indicates that it is stable under atmospheric conditions. The crystal form belongs to P 21/c space group. The calculated large band gap (Eg) of the crystal proves that it is stable. The conduction band (LUCO) is mainly contributed by the p orbital of N atom and the valence band (HOCO) from the p orbital of F atom. Keywords. Molecular; crystal; structure; property; theoretical study. 1. Introduction investigation even though there is limited information on the structure–property relationship, especially on the Molecular complexes containing boron trifluoride as a crystal structure of NF3 with BF3. -
Primary-Explosives
Improvised Primary Explosives © 1998 Dirk Goldmann No part of the added copyrighted parts (except brief passages that a reviewer may quote in a review) may be reproduced in any form unless the reproduced material includes the following two sentences: The copyrighted material may be reproduced without obtaining permission from anyone, provided: (1) all copyrighted material is reproduced full-scale. WARNING! Explosives are danegerous. In most countries it's forbidden to make them. Use your mind. You as an explosives expert should know that. 2 CONTENTS Primary Explosives ACETONE PEROXIDE 4 DDNP/DINOL 6 DOUBLE SALTS 7 HMTD 9 LEAD AZIDE 11 LEAD PICRATE 13 MEKAP 14 MERCURY FULMINATE 15 "MILK BOOSTER" 16 NITROMANNITE 17 SODIUM AZIDE 19 TACC 20 Exotic and Friction Primers LEAD NITROANILATE 22 NITROGEN SULFIDE 24 NITROSOGUANIDINE 25 TETRACENE 27 CHLORATE-FRICTION PRIMERS 28 CHLORATE-TRIMERCURY-ACETYLIDE 29 TRIHYDRAZINE-ZINC (II) NITRATE 29 Fun and Touch Explosives CHLORATE IMPACT EXPLOSIVES 31 COPPER ACETYLIDE 32 DIAMMINESILVER II CHLORATE 33 FULMINATING COPPER 33 FULMINATING GOLD 34 FULMINATING MERCURY 35 FULMINATING SILVER 35 NITROGEN TRICHLORIDE 36 NITROGEN TRIIODIDE 37 SILVER ACETYLIDE 38 SILVER FULMINATE 38 "YELLOW POWDER" 40 Latest Additions 41 End 3 PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES ACETONE PEROXIDE Synonyms: tricycloacetone peroxide, acetontriperoxide, peroxyacetone, acetone hydrogen explosive FORMULA: C9H18O6 VoD: 3570 m/s @ 0.92 g/cc. 5300 m/s @ 1.18 g/cc. EQUIVALENCE: 1 gram = No. 8 cap .75 g. = No. 6 cap SENSITIVITY: Very sensitive to friction, flame and shock; burns violently and can detonate even in small amounts when dry. DRAWBACKS: in 10 days at room temp. 50 % sublimates; it is best made immediately before use. -
Recent Progress in Phosgene-Free Methods for Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate*
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 84, No. 3, pp. 603–620, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-11-06-02 © 2011 IUPAC, Publication date (Web): 22 September 2011 Recent progress in phosgene-free methods for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate* Weicai Peng1, Ning Zhao1, Fukui Xiao1, Wei Wei1,‡, and Yuhan Sun1,2,‡ 1State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China; 2Low Carbon Conversion Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is considered as an environmentally benign chemical due to negligible ecotoxicity, low bioaccumulation, and low persistence. However, the tradi- tional process of DMC synthesis via phosgene and methanol is limited in industry owing to the toxic raw material involved. Thus, environmentally friendly phosgene-free processes for DMC production have been proposed and developed in the past decades. Until now, the alter- natives appear to be the oxidative carbonylation of methanol, the transesterification of pro - pylene or ethylene carbonate (PC or EC), the methanolysis of urea, and the direct synthesis of DMC from CO2 with methanol. In this review, we present some recent developments of these phosgene-free approaches and their prospects for industrialization. Keywords: carbon dioxide; dimethyl carbonate synthesis; oxidative carbonylation; phosgene- free; transesterification; urea. INTRODUCTION Along with the global spread of sustainable development strategy, the chemical synthesis processes and materials endangering humans and the environment would be gradually restricted. The “clean produc- tion process” and “green chemicals” will be the developmental direction for the modern chemical indus- try, and the production and chemical utilization of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are closely concerted by this trend. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Naming Compounds Practice Problems KEY Naming Simple Ionic Compounds
Chemistry HS/Science Unit: 05 Lesson: 01 Naming Compounds Practice Problems KEY Naming Simple Ionic Compounds Name the following compounds: 1) KCl potassium chloride 2) MgI2 magnesium iodide 3) FeO iron (II) oxide 4) Fe2O3 iron (III) oxide 5) Cu3P copper (I) phosphide 6) SnSe2 tin (IV) selenide 7) TiBr3 titanium (III) bromide 8) GaAs gallium arsenide 9) BeF2 beryllium fluoride 10) Cs3N cesium nitride Write the formulas for the following compounds: 1) lithium iodide LiI 2) cobalt (III) oxide Co2O3 3) calcium fluoride CaF2 4) silver bromide AgBr 5) sodium hydride NaH 6) vanadium (V) sulfide V2S5 7) lead (II) nitride Pb3N2 8) titanium (II) selenide TiSe 9) manganese (VII) arsenide Mn3As7 10) gallium chloride GaCl3 ©2013, TESCCC 06/17/13 page 1 of 4 Chemistry HS/Science Unit: 05 Lesson: 01 Naming Compounds Practice Problems Naming Complex (polyatomic) Ionic Compounds Name the following compounds: 1) NH4Cl ammonium chloride 2) Fe(NO3)3 iron (III) nitrate 3) Pb(SO4)2 lead (IV) sulfate 4) Ag3PO4 silver phosphate 5) Be(HCO3)2 beryllium hydrogen carbonate 6) Al(CN)3 aluminum cyanide 7) Mn2(SO3)3 manganese (III) sulfite 8) Sr(C2H3O2)2 strontium acetate 9) Ti(CN)4 titanium (IV) cyanide 10) YClO3 yttrium chlorate Write the formulas for the following compounds: 1) lead (IV) sulfate Pb(SO4)2 2) silver cyanide AgCN 3) copper (II) chlorate Cu(ClO3)2 4) chromium (IV) phosphate Cr3(PO4)4 5) vanadium (IV) carbonate V(CO3)2 6) ammonium oxide (NH4)2O 7) tin (II) nitrite Sn(NO2)2 8) chromium (III) hydroxide Cr(OH)3 9) titanium (II) acetate Ti(C2H3O2)2 10) -
Development of Fluorescent Sensors for Reactive Nitrogen Species Like Nitric Oxide and Nitrite Ion Kanhu Charan Rout a Dissertat
Development of fluorescent sensors for reactive nitrogen species like nitric oxide and nitrite ion A Dissertation submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati as Partial fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry Submitted by Kanhu Charan Rout (Roll No. 10612216) Supervisor Prof. Biplab Mondal Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati July, 2015 Dedicated to my family and friends 2 TH-1432_10612216 Statement I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Development of fluorescent sensors for reactive nitrogen species like nitric oxide and nitrite ion ” is the outcome of research work carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. Biplab Mondal, in the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. In keeping with the general practice of reporting scientific observations, due acknowledgements have been made whenever work described here has been based on the findings of other investigators. July, 2015 Kanhu Charan Rout 3 TH-1432_10612216 Certificate This is to certify that Mr Kanhu Charan Rout has been working under my supervision since July, 2010 as a regular Ph. D. Student in the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati. I am forwarding his thesis entitled “Development of fluorescent sensors for reactive nitrogen species like nitric oxide and nitrite ion” being submitted for the Ph. D. degree. I certify that he has fulfilled all the requirements according to the rules of this institute regarding the investigations embodied in his thesis and this work has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree. July, 2015 Biplab Mondal 4 TH-1432_10612216 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. -
Tatp) Precursors and Synthetic By-Products
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2009 The Forensic Analysis Of Triacetone Triperoxide (tatp) Precursors And Synthetic By-products Kimberly Painter University of Central Florida Part of the Chemistry Commons, and the Forensic Science and Technology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Painter, Kimberly, "The Forensic Analysis Of Triacetone Triperoxide (tatp) Precursors And Synthetic By- products" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4047. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4047 THE FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF TRIACETONE TRIPEROXIDE (TATP) PRECURSORS AND SYNTHETIC BY-PRODUCTS by KIMBERLY LYNNE PAINTER B.S. University of South Carolina, 2007 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Chemistry in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2009 © 2009 Kimberly L. Painter ii ABSTRACT Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) is a primary high explosive that can be synthesized using commercially available starting materials and has grown in use among terrorists over the past several years. Additives present in the precursors were investigated to see if they carry through the TATP synthesis and can be detected in the final product potentially aiding in the identification of the source. -
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extemely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extemely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extemely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extemely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extemely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extemely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extemely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extemely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extemely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extemely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extemely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extemely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extemely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Potentially Explosive Chemicals*
Potentially Explosive Chemicals* Chemical Name CAS # Not 1,1’-Diazoaminonaphthalene Assigned 1,1-Dinitroethane 000600-40-8 1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate 006659-60-5 1,2-Diazidoethane 000629-13-0 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 000602-96-0 1,3-Diazopropane 005239-06-5 Not 1,3-Dinitro-4,5-dinitrosobenzene Assigned Not 1,3-dinitro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin Assigned Not 1,4-Dinitro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylolbutanetetranitrate Assigned Not 1,7-Octadiene-3,5-Diyne-1,8-Dimethoxy-9-Octadecynoic acid Assigned 1,8 –dihydroxy 2,4,5,7-tetranitroanthraquinone 000517-92-0 Not 1,9-Dinitroxy pentamethylene-2,4,6,8-tetramine Assigned 1-Bromo-3-nitrobenzene 000585-79-5 Not 2,2',4,4',6,6'-Hexanitro-3,3'-dihydroxyazobenzene Assigned 2,2-di-(4,4,-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexyl)propane 001705-60-8 2,2-Dinitrostilbene 006275-02-1 2,3,4,6- tetranitrophenol 000641-16-7 Not 2,3,4,6-tetranitrophenyl methyl nitramine Assigned Not 2,3,4,6-tetranitrophenyl nitramine Assigned Not 2,3,5,6- tetranitroso nitrobenzene Assigned Not 2,3,5,6- tetranitroso-1,4-dinitrobenzene Assigned 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazo benzene 029306-57-8 Not 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-diazabenzene Assigned Not 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl trimethylol methyl nitramine trinitrate Assigned Not 2,4,6-Trinitroso-3-methyl nitraminoanisole Assigned 2,4-Dinitro-1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene 000608-50-4 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine 000119-26-6 2,4-Dinitroresorcinol 000519-44-8 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diydroperoxy hexane 2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol nitrate 024884-69-3 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid 000609-99-4 Not 3-Azido-1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate