E-278 VOL.4
Public Disclosure Authorized PEOPLE'S REPUBLICOF CHINA ANHUI PROVINCIALHIGHWAY PROJECT
Highway Maintenance Program (Improvement and Rehabilitation)
IEE Report and EAP Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Anhui Provincial CommunicationsDepartment Public Disclosure Authorized Hefei China
June,1998
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Contents
Part 1 IEE 1.Brief description of the sub-project...... 2 2.Screeningcriteria ...... 3 3.Descriptionof the environment...... 3 4.Resultof Screening...... 8 5.Scope of EnvironmentAction Plan ...... 8
Part 2 EAP 6.PotentialEnvironment Impact Analysis 7.EnviromentalMitigation Measures 8.EnviromentManagement and MonitoringPlan
Sub-project l S203 Liuan ...... 10 2S203 Shou County...... 16 3 G105 Nanzhao...... 22 4 S316 ChaoluRoad ...... 27 5 S315Yangtao Road ...... 31 6 S202 XiaozhunRoad ...... 35
Part I IEE
1 Brief description of the sub-project
2 Screen criteria
3 Description of the environment
4 Result of screen
5 Scope of Environment Action Plan
I
1 Brief introduction of the Sub-project 1.1 Name of the sub -project and its starting point and ending point 1. S203 Liuan: from ErshiPuin the north of Liuan to Shou County 2. S203 Shou county:from Yaokou to Anfeng 3. G105 Nanzhao: from Liushipu in YingshangCounty to Zhouji County 4. S3 16 ChaoluRoad:from Sanbingin ChaohuCity to Xifengling in Lujiang County 5. S202 Xiaozhuen Road: from Wuming in Buyang City to WuoyangCounty 6. S315 Yangzhao Road :from the border between Liuan County and Feixi county to the west of Taoxi in Feixi County. 1.2 Geographicallocation of the sub -project The road maintenancesub-project plan is going to be carried out in China's Anhui Province. World Bank officials in charge of this project and their counterparts in China reached an agreement on this project in May ,1998. Graph 1-1 shows the geographical location of this project in AnHui Province. 1.3 Technologicalquota of the sub-project(1-6) Graph 1- Graph 1-1 Main technologicalquota of the sub-project
No. ZName of Length Grade of Width of Type of the Type of the Deadline Expenditure Rate of the road (krm) the road the road road surface construction conStruction (million)
S203 second 12 Pitches I Liuan 40 grade (9) Gravel Maintenance 1999-2001 80 29.2 (second
______grade)______S203 Second Pitches 2 Sounty 40 (Sgcrade 12 Gravel Maintenance 2000-2001 80 28.1
grad e)______G105 Second 3 Na 30 gTade 14 Pitches Improvement 1999-2000 68 22.1 Nhano 3 (Third (7) Gravel
______~ I g rade) ______S316 Second 4 Chaolu 46 (hrad (2 Concrete Improvement 1999-2000 52 298
tao 22 ~~grade) 9 Ptce R3o15 Third .7. 6 Ytang 22 g(Thirad (7) PGiravhels Maintenance 1999-2000 24 26.2
Road . grade) _ Notes: I .Figures shown in the brackets are the original conditions of the road. 2.Land acquisition is not necessary during-the- construction-of the sixroads shown 2 above. 3.Word "Maintenance" in the graph means reinforcing and widening the original road while putting a surface layer on it .Word "Improvement" means widening ,adjusting and reinforcing the original road while putting an upper layer and a surface layer on it. 1.4 Estimatedtraffic capacity of the sub-project(1-6) Graph 1-2 Graphl-2 Estimatedcapacity of traffic for the sub-project(1-6)Unit: Middle- sized cars daily average capacity Sub-project 1998 2001 2003 2006 2010 2015 2020 S203 Liuan 3025 3214 3573 4097 4980 6059 7024 S203 Shouan 2844 3046 3358 3850 4860 5913 6855 G105 Nanzhao 1850 2183 2406 2760 3355 4082 4732 S316 Chaolu 2330 2827 3117 3574 4512 5869 7209 S202 Xiaozhun 4200 4810 4906 5520 6709 7848 9098 S315 Yangtao 1640 1760 2014 2310 2808 3416 3960 Notes: The estimated capacity of traffic in 2010,'2015 and 2020 are measured according to the annual average growth rate and the estimated traffic capacity in 2006.
2.Screening criteria All sub-projects under Highway Maintenance Program are classified into two categories: Category l'and Category 2. Category 1:Sub-projects which are not expected to have significant environrmental impacts. This category includes widening, improving, and upgrading of existing roads without substantial land acquisition. Only EAPs are required for this category. Category 2: Sub-projects which may have potentially significant environmental impacts. This category includes new road construction, upgrading of existing roads with substantial widening and land acquisition, and other road upgrading projects passing through environmentally sensitive areas. Sub-projects under this category need ELAsand EAPs.
3 Description of the environment 3.lBrief description of the natural environment 3.1.1 Geographyand main kinds of soil The course of S203 Liuan, S203Shou County, G105 from Nanzhaoji to Huo Qiu Zhouji in NanZhao,S316RoadChaolu and S315Road Yangtao are located in the plain and small hilly area between Huai River and Yangtz River. There are small hills in S3 16 Chaolu Road and S3315Yangtao Road and the ground of these roads is relatively flat. Rice soil is the main kind of soil for these areas . The course from Liushipu to Nanzhaoji belongs to the sub-project G105 Nan zhao..S202 Xiaozhun Road and this course are located in HuaiBei Plain and the ground in this area is relatively flat with little ups and downs. The road is part of HuangHuaiHaiPlain. The main kind of soil for sub-project G105Nanzhao is Chaozong soil and Shajianghei soil for S202Wuoyang-WumingRoadXiaozhun. 3.1.2 The climate The climate in the north of HuaiRiver is humid climate of warm-temperate zone and climate in the south of Huai River is humid climate of sub-tropical zone .AnHui Province enjoys the monsoon climate most of the year and its four seasons are clearly cut. Graph 3-1 gives the main parameters of the climate in the cities and counties where the road of the project passes . Graph 1-3 Main quota of the climate in the cities and counties involved in the sub- project (1-6) Name of the cities Annualaverage Precipitation Fog-free and counties temperature C (mm) period(days) Feixi County 15.5 1080 240 Chaolu City 16 1200 247 Lujiang County 15.9 1190 250 Liuan City 15.5 1084 220 Shou County 15.3 900 213 Huoqiu County 15.4 951 222 Buyang City 14.9 914 222 Lixin County 14.9 842 226 Wuoyang County 14.6 830 214 Yingshang County 15 904 220 3.1.31Briefdescription of the water resources Anhui Province is located in the middle reaches of Huai River and the lower reaches of Yangtz River .It enjoys many water resources and its average utilization of the surface water resourceshas been 11% for many years. Ground water resources are plenty in Anhui Province and they are distributed in a network of rivers on both sides of Huai Bei Plain and Yangtz River. According to a survey on the conditions on both sides of the road most residents there have the ground water as the main source of drinking water. Bidong main canal is near sub-project S203Liuan and Shou County and it intersects w-ith Liuan near Zhongxing township. Two branches near Shijinan and Baoyi county are intersected with this sub-project.
4 Nanzhaoji is the starting point of G105 Nanzhao and it is at the northern bank of Huai River. Nan River converges into Huai River near Nanzhao. From Nanzhaoji to Liushipu, the road is intersected with three branches such as RunRiver. Graph 3-2 gives the data of hydrology for one part of Huai River and this part is located in Huai River Bridge in Nanzhaoji. Graph 3-2 Hydrologicaldata of Huai River Periodof recurrence 10 years 20 years Soyears IO0years 300years Elementsof hydrology \ Quantity of waterflow (cubicmeters 9040 12300 16700 20100 25600 per second) Waterlevel 27.87 28.37 28.57 28.88 30.24
( mneters)______Maximumspeed of waterflow 2.1 2.35 2.45 2.60 3.00 (meters/second) Notes: The river water brims over the embankrnent when the water level exceeds the limited level of first occurrence within fifty years. The higher reaches of Xifei River (near Zhangcun County)and Qian River (north of Chudian) are the main rivers across from Wuming (starting point) to Wuoyang(ending point) in S202 Xiaozhun Road. In S316 Nanzhao Road the road line is established along the south of Chaohu. The nearest point from the water surface of Chaohu is between 1 OOmetersand 200 meters Branches of Qianlong River and Fengle River are the main rivers across S3 15 Yangtao Road. While implementing the plan of this sub-project, only construction work of road maintenance and upgrading are carried out. The whole project has slight impact on the water resources since rivers and water system for agricultural irrigation are not involved in this project. 3.2 Ecological environment 3.2.1 Ecological environment for agriculture In the cities and counties involved in this project agriculture is the main industry . The main crops are nce, wheat, rape, maize, soybean, sweet potato, cotton and traditional Chinese medicine in some areas. The per unit area yield for crops is very high due to the agreeable climate, the fertile soil and the convenient irrigation system For example the per unit area yield for rice is about 500kg per mu , 300kg per mu for rape, 400kg per mu for maize, and I 00kg per mu for soybean etc.. The main livestock bred by the peasants are cattle, buffalo, donkey, pig, sheep, goose, duck and chickens etc.
5 The main aquatic product in the water area involved in the sub-project are fish raised by manual labor. In the counties and villages along the road involved in this project there are arbor, shrub, and sod planted by manual labor. The main trees are willow, paulownia, metasequoiaand pine tree and the main kind of shrub is Amorphafruticosa . There are certain acreage of fruit trees along the road and the main fruit trees are peach trees, pear trees and apple trees. Local peasants also plant different kinds of vegetablesand fruits such as water melon, muskmelon and seasonablevegetables etc.. The implementation of the project does not have negative impact on the agricultural ecology since land acquisitionis not necessary. The area involved in this project cover Jiang Huai Plain and Huai Bei Plain. Large amount of wild natural vegetationand big wild natural animals are nowhere to be seen due to the long history of human activity. At present there are only some weeds and small animals such as frog, snake and locust in the farm fields. There is no nature protection zone within 200 meters and there are no wild animals and vegetation that should be protected along both sides of the , road. 3.3 Brief description of the social environment Three cities and seven counties are involved in the sub-projects. The data of population, farm field, GDP and average GDP are shown in graph 3-3. Graph 3-3 General information of the cities and counties involved in the sub-project(by the end of 1996)
Name Feixi Chaohu Lujiang Liuan Shou Huoqiu Buyang Lixin Wuoyang Yingyang County City County County County County City County County County opulation 96.55 81.57 117.29 169.22 122.87 157.13 169.45 131.17 129.83 141.39
millions) _
arm ficld( ha. ) 70375 49562 75462 96993 124481 133367 104917 118075 131404 107088
ultivated area 1.10 0.92 0.97 0.86 1.53 1.28 0.93 1.36 1.53 1.14
er capita______
3DP(millionY) 273688 480436 401868 483184 350229 316830 3894328 299285 384094 317871 3DP per 2844 19585 12568 23603 17208 16848 2909 9130 2975 2259 apita (Yuan)
et income pe 1630 1723 1602 1379 1579 1509 1697 1108 1634 1541 apita (Yuan) 1 Notes: the data in the graph is from ((Anhui Yearbook of Statistics)) .1997 As graph 3-3 shows in the cities and counties involved in the sub-project the arable land per capita is about one mu which is similar with the arable land per capita for the whole country. Agriculture is the pillar industry in these areas, therefore township enterprises are not so well developed. Light industry and farm and side-line industry are the main undertakings
6 for the enterprisesand the net income for the peasants is between 1100Yuan and 1700Yuan. Road is the major means of transportationfor those cities and counties..In addition railway and waterway transportation are also available which makes daily communication very convenient. Accordingto a survey on both sides of the road, in each villages there are roads connected with cities and counties Telephone and electricity are also available there. Since governmentsat all levels have attached great importance to the water conservancyproject in these areas ,those places enjoy certain capacity of diverging the flood and relatively good irrigation system. The implementationof the project will make better the function of the existing road and will bring enormousbenefits to the social developmentin the areas along the road. 3.4 Living standard About 98% of school -age students in the cities and counties involved in the sub-project have the opportunity to enter schools .Local government attaches great importance to education .Certain amount of schools have new teaching buildings of two or four storeies high .Taoyuanmiddle school in S203 Liuan is a private school and there are 357 students and 16 teachers in this school .Those informationshows that there is a great demand for education in local area. About 80% of familiesalong the road possess TV which in a certain way meet local people 's demand for cultureand amusement in their spare time . There are hospitals and cliiics along the road .Generallyspeaking there are fifty to one hundred beds in the hospitals .It is very convenient for local people to seek medical treatment . Graph 34 shows the number of schools and hospitals along the road. Graph 3-4 Number of schools and hospitals along the roads involved in the sub-project Name of the subject Middle schools Primary schools Hospitals S203Liuan 5 4 2 S203Shouan 2 / G105Nanzhao I I/ S316Chaolu 4 3 3 S202Xiaozhun / 2 / S315Yangtao 2 / 1 According to the on-site survey on the road conditions ,there are no fixed pollution sources along the road .Large amount of TSP is produced due to the serious damage to the road surface .Meanwhilethe blowing of horns by the drivers will make the level of noise exceed the standard limit at an instantaneous moment .Those noises and TSP will slightly affect the quality of life for people along the road . The implementationof this project will greatly improve the traffic conditions and reduce the amount of TSP and the level of traffic noise .Thus the quality of life will be greatly
7 improved.
4 Result of screening As describedin the previous chapters,there is no new road constructionand no land acquisition under this program. Along the proposed alignments, no natural and cultrual protected sites are observed. While several environmentallysensitive sites such as schools are locatedalong the alignments,environmental impacts at those sites are temporary during the constructionperiod. And , their environmentalconditions (noises ,dust ,etc.)are expected to be improved after completion of this program .Therefore,according to the screeningcriteria, all sub-projectsunder this programare classifiedas Category1 which needs only EAPs.
5 Scope of EAP Accordingto the environmentconditions and type of construction,the scope of EAP for each sub-projectis different. Roads of sub-projectone, two, three and six are paved with pitches and crushed stones. Placesfor mixingand stirring the pitches should be considered. Roads of sub-projectfour and five are planned to be paved with concrete.During the constructionperiod station for mixing and stirring the concreteshould be set up . Type of constructionfor sub-projecton ,two ,five and six is "Maintenance".The original road surfacewill be widenedand reinforcedwhile putting a surface layer on it .Type of constructionfor sub-projectthree and four is "Improvement" .The original road surface will be widened,adjusted and reinforcedwhile putting a upper layer and a surface layer on it. Constructionmaterials such as pitches and crushed stones are to be transportedfrom other places. According to the above analysis the potential environmentpollution is as follows :traffic noise pollution ;TSP pollution of air environment ;black smoke pollution while mixing pitches and crushed stones ; waste water pollution while constructing the road surfacewith concrete. Scope of EAP is withinone hundred meters of the road and two hundred meters on the leewardof pitches-mixingstation.
8C
PART 2 EAP
6. Potential environment impact analysis
6.1 Constructionperiod
6.2 Operation period
7. Environmental Mitigation Measures
7.1 Designing period
7.2 Constructionperiod
7.3 Operation period
8. Environment management and monitoring plan
Road Maintenance and Improvement Sub-project S203 Liuan EAP
6 Potential environment impact analysis 6.1 Constructionperiod Accordingto IEE report of sub-project ,the type of constructionfor S203Liuanis "Maintenance"and its road surface is made up of pitchesand crushedstones .Duringthe constructionperiod ,road surface will be widenedfrom 6 metersto 9 meterson the basis of the existingroad bed, therefore land acquisitionis not necessary.In terms of this ,duringthe constructionperiod the negativeimpacts to the surroundingenvironment are as follows: 6.1.1Impact to the qualityof acousticenvironment Duringthe constructionperiod ,construction materials such as graveland cementare used for wideningand reinforcingthe road surface. The transportationof these materialswill certainlyadd to the existingtraffic capacity and increasethe levelof trafficnoise . Vhilewidening and reinforcingthe road surface,cement and gravelare mixedand stirred by certain machinery. The use of these machinerywill make another kind of noise-- constructionnoise. There is a fixed distancefrom the stationfor mixingand stirringpitches and crushedstones to RoadManagement Board on the countylevel . The radiationradius is about50 km. Additionalstation for mixing and stirringpitches and crushedstones is not to be established.Thus transportation of those constructionmaterials will make certainamount of trafficnoises . One feature of road constructionin China is that most roads under constructionare distributedin the wildfields. Another feature is that the developmentof streetswill take shape afterthe roadis put intooperation . Sub-projectS203 Liuan is 40km long and it crossesmany countiesand villagessuch as Chengbei,Beisanshipu, Muchang Township ,Shizi Road, Yandianand Xiandian.There are five middleschools and four primary schools within 100 meters along both sides of the road Duringthe constructionperiod ,the qualityof people'slife alongboth sides of the road will be affectedby trafficnoise and constructionnoise .It is possiblethat the levelof noise s will exceedthe standard(>70dB) at an instantaneousmoment .The road runs from north to south and schoolsat both sides of the road run from east to west with the windowsfacing north and south .Thoseschools are about 40 to 801Jmaway from the road with their side- wallsfacing the road.AIl the schoolsare enclosedwith walls.Balitan primary school , Liuan middleschool and Liuanfirst hope primaryschool are separatedfrom the road by sportsfields or residentialhouses. Thus traffic noise and constructionnoise will not have an obvious impacton the teachingenvironment . EIA of roadconstruction in Chinaalways abide by the 2nd and 4th itemof internationalstandard (( Standardsfor EnvironmentNoise in Citiesand Suburbs)) as shownin graph6-1 .
10 Graph 6-1 Environment noise standard in cities and suburbs (excerpt) Unit :LaeqAB Item Night Daytime 2 60 50 4 70 55 Note: School rooms and hospital rooms within 200 meters abide by the 2nd item and the rest abide by the 4th item. 6.1.2 Impact to the qualityof air environment Construction of the road will have a potential impact to the existing air quality . The increase of traffic capacity will lead to more output of NOx and CO .Total amount (the increased amount plusing the existing amount ) of NOx and CO will not exceed the daily average amount of intemationalstandard for the quality of air environment(NOx:0. 1mg/cubic meters:CO:4.oomg/cubicmeters) .Transportationvehicles will produce a large amount of TSP due to the serious damage to road surface and bad transportation conditions .However the daily average density of TSP will not exceed the secondary density limits of the national standard for the qualityof air environment(0.30mg/cubic meters) .The mixture of cementand gravel is planned to be used while wideningand reinforcingthe road surface .If road mix by machinery is used for this part of construction,the amount of TSP produced by transportation vehicles is limited and will not lead to TSP pollution to the quality of life .If on-site mix is used ,the attached dust-removingequipment will reduce the amount of TSP and will not lead to TSP pollution to the qualityof life. Road construction in China always abide by the secondary density limits of the international standard ( Standard for air environmentquality)) as shown in graph 6-2. 3 Graph 6-2 Standardfor air environmentquality (excerpt) (second degree)g/m Name of pollutants TSP NOx CO Daily 0.30 0.10 4.00 Density average Limit Hourly 0.15 10.00 average 6.1.3 Impact to ecologicalenvironment (1) Impact to vegetation along the road The impact to the ecologicalenvironment covers small area although the grass growingon the road border will be cleanedoff. On the other hand while widening and reinforcingthe road surface and mixingand stirring the construction materials JTSPwill be blown to the leaves of the crops along both sides of the road .Those TSP will affect the photosynthesisof the plants hence the unit yieldof the crops . However rain will clean the leaves and reduce the effect of TSP pollution .Past experience have proved that this impact is not that obvious. (2) Impact to water environmentand water and soil conservancy The roads under construction do not intersect with rivers and irrigation canals .While
11 pressing the reinforcementlayer certain amount of water should be preserved so as to reach the relevant standardof pressing level .Thus water will be sprayedwhile mixing and crushing the reinforcementmaterials .However water used in this part is limitedand no excessive water will flow into the side ditches and farm fields. The road under construction is in the plain area and the problem of soil erosion is not so serious .Constructionmaterials used for widening and reinforcing the road surface are transported from other places therefore, during the constructionperiod the amnountof waste material, if there is any ,is limited .If those waste materials are disposed on the side slope along the road, little amount of soil erosion will occur in rainy season .However, those materials will be depositedin the side ditches along the road and will not lead to the pollution of water environment.In addition while maintainingthe side ditches ,soil deposited in the side ditches will be removed to the side slope . The above informationshows that construction of this project will not affect the quality of the surroundingwater and soil environment. 6.1.4 Trafficenvironment and other information In order not to block the traffic, one half of the road is planned to be constructedwhile the other half is still under operation .This measure of division complies with the social conditionsin China .Howeverduring the constructionperiod due to the needs of construction progress trafficjam will occur more often than usual .This will affect the traffic environment in a certain way .When the road is put into operation traffic conditions will be greatly improved. The constructionwill also bring inconvenienceto local people's daily activities .However this impact will not last long and it is acceptableto most people . In general during the construction period the potential environmentimpacts are noise and TSP density in the air. 6.2 Operationperiod 6.2.1 Impact of traffic noise The road will be put into operation after it is being checked .Since the originalroad surface has been widened, reinforcedand maintained ,traffic conditionswill be greatly improved .The daily estimated traffic capacity in graph 1-2 are 4097 cars(middle-sizedvehicles )in 2006 and 7024cars (middle-sized )in 2020 .This increase of traffic capacity will increase the level of traffic noise along both sides of the road .Impact caused by this is most obvious when the noise disturbs people's sleep at night .However most buildings along both sides of the road are business offices so there is a limited number of people disturbed at night by the traffic noise .The affected villages and counties are mainly Beisanahipu, Muchangcounty ,Shizi Road ,Yandianand Xindian etc.. There are 5 middle schools ,4 primary schools and 2 hospitals within 100 meters along the road .In those 9 schools side walls facing the road are without windows and they are about 40 to 80 meters from the road .Those schools are enclosed with walls of 2 meters high .Balitan
12 primary schools ,Liuan middle school in the north of the city and Liuan first hope primary school are separatedfrom the road by sports fields and residential houses. From another aspect ,after the road is widened .reinforced and maintainedroad surfacewill become more flat .This improvement of traffic conditions helps to reduce the traffic noise produced by vibrationof transportationvehicles . Traffic noise will cause pollution to the teaching environment along both sides of the road and this impact is likely to worsen with the increase of traffic capacity .Governrmentsat all levels should take certainpreventable measures to control the impact caused by traffic noises. 6.2.2 Air environment After the road is put into operation,traffic capacity will increase .Thus the amount of NOx and CO emitted by the vehicles will be increased .However the road is located in the plain area which enjoys the relativelyfast wind speed and good air quality .Accordingto EIA report of other highway project in Anhui, when the daily traffic capacity is 60000 cars (30000 middle-sized cars ),standarddistance of the density of NOx and CO is about 20 meters at both sides of the road (complying with the secondary density limits of GB standard for air environment quality ).The estimated daily traffic capacity of this road are 7024 middle-sized cars in 2020 which is less than one third of the traffic capacity of other roads in 2020 .It is estimated that during the operationperiod the standard distance of the density of NOx and CO is about 10 meters at both sides of the road .After the road is put into operationthe impact to the quality air environmentquality is slight. Traffic conditionswill be greatly improvedafter the maintenance of the road .As a result of this the amount of TSP produced by transportationvehicles will be reduced hence the impact of TSP pollution The above analysis shows that traffic noise is one of the potential factors of environment impact. 7.Possible compensation measures for environment impact 7.1 Designing period Environment experts believe that it is scientific ,reasonable and economicalto reduce the environment impact duringthe designingperiod. (1) The focus of this project is to widen and reinforce the road surface while puttinga layer on it .During this constructionperiod materials such as gravel should not be piled up near the counties and villages where the road passes .(as shown in graph6.1. 1) (2)Water spray equipment should be provided while mixing and stirring the construction materials . (3) While building the road on a newly formed slope protection measures should be taken on the basis of the existing conditions .If the soil of a slope is suitable for planting vegetation , bushes or grasses should be planted there so as to compensate for the grass damaged while wideningthe road .
13 7.2 Construction period During this period the main potential environment impacts are noise and dust. Mitigation measures are suggested as follows: (I) While widening and reinforcing the road surface ,the mixture of cement and gravel should be used .If possible those construction materials should be mixed and stirred by field mix and then paved at different stages .This way of construction will reduce the noise pollution at both sidesof the road especially where schools and hospitals are located along the road .If road mix is used near the counties and villages or schools and hospitals , construction work should be stopped from pm 22:00 to 6:00 next morning ,thus residents and patients will not be disturbed during their sleep at night. (2) During the construction period water spray measures should be taken to reduce dust especially when the road passes the counties and villages .Since the water resources are plenty along both sides of the road , dust proof measures are possible ,economical and effective . (3)Sincethe constructionmaterials are transported from other places there will not be many waste materials during this construction period. Waste materials if there are any should be disposedat differentstages so as to ensure the conservationof water. (4) Since one half of the road is planned to be built first ,trafficjam will happen more often than usual .In order to ensure the normal traffic order and construction progress ,special people should be assigned to take charge of the traffic . 7.3 Operation Period According to the analysis of traffic noise impact discussed in 6.2.1 ,the following compensation measurers are planned to be taken. (1) To plant more trees in those areas with schools at both sides of the road .Bushes and arbors with luxuriant foliage can reduce the level of traffic noise and waste gas pollution and can even make green and beautify the road. (2)Traffic marks such as speed limit mark , village mark and pedestrian mark should be set up in front of the townships and school gates where the road passes. 8 Environment management and monitoring plan 8.1 Environmentmanagement agency Traffic Department in Anhui will take charge of the environment management of this project .Managementagencies of all levels are shown in graph 8-1.
14 AnhuiProvincial Communications Department (Ae ICD)
WorldBank; Office in EnviromentProtection A#CD l OEceiM A PCD I7I AnhuiProvince Road ManagementBureau
LiuanLocal Road ManagementBureau
Branch of Liuan Road Branch of Shou County ManagementBureau Road ManagementBureau
8-1 EnvironmentManagement Agencies 8-2 Environmentmonitoring plan According to the developmenttrend of traffic capacity ,Liuan Road management agencywill appoint someassociated agencies qualified for environmentmonitoring and those agencies will monitor the environment noises outside some selected schoolrooms near the road.
AS Road maintenance and improvement S203 Shou County EAP
6.Potential environment impact analysis 6.1 Constructionperiod The courseof S203 Shou County starts with Yaokou and ends at Anfeng .Road surface of this course is made up of pitches and crushed stones. The type of construction is "Maintenance". During the construction period the road surface is to be widened from 9 meters to 12 meters on the basis of the existing width of roadbed .Land acquisition is not necessary . Constructionmaterials such as gravel ,cement and pitches used for widening and enforcing the road surface are transported from other places .Those constructionprocess will cause the followingpotential environment impacts: 6.1.1 Impactto the quality of acoustic environment Transportationof various constructionmaterials during this period will damagethe existing traffic pattern and increasethe level of traffic capacity .Thus the level of traffic noise will be increased accordingly .While widening and reinforcing the road surface ,the use of certain machinerywill lead to constructionnoise .While constructingon the surface layer ,pitches and gravel are mixed and stirred by means of on-site mix .There is a fixed distance from the on- site mix station to local road management agency .Its radiation radius is 50 km, therefore no other on-site mix station are to be set up .Thus transportationfor those materials used in the surface layer will create certain traffic noise .Those noises will affect the teaching environmentand people's living environment within one hundred meters of the road . The courseof S203 Shou County is an extension of S203 Liuan and both courses share the same problem of street development .The course of S203 Shou County is 40kmlong with the starting point in the south of Yaokou County and ending point in the south of Anfeng .Zhougongmiaovillage ,YankouCounty, Shitangji village ,Baoyi County and Shiji County are the main villages and counties the road passes The school teaching buildings are not far away from the road although the side-walls facing the road are without windows .In addition most schools are enclosed by very short walls and among them Yankou middle school is enclosed by iron bars. Thus construction noise and traffic noise will have a slight impact on the teaching environment in short time and they will not be so obvious .EIA of road constructionin China always abide by the 2nd and 4th item of intemational standard ( Environmentnoise standard in cities and suburbs)) The standard limits are shown in graph 6-1 of S203 Liu an. 6.1.2 Impactto the quality of air environment Transportation of the construction materials will increase the level of traffic capacity .Consequentlythe amount of NOx and CO emitted by transportationvehicles will be increased .To sum with the existing armountof NOx and CO, total amount will not exceed the
16 density limits(dailv averageof NOx is 0. Img /cubic meters .4.00mg/cubic meters for CO and 0.3mg/cubicmeters for TSP)of national (( Standard for air environment quality )) .However, relativelymore amount of TSP will be produced due to the serious damage to the road surface and bad traffic conditions .Thus the quality of life for people at both sides of the road will be slightly affected in short termnbut the estimated daily average density limits will not exceed the above standards. While widening and reinforcing the original road surface cement and gravel should be mixed and stirred. If road mix is used in this process the output of TSP will be limited and will not lead to TSP pollutionto the qualityof life for people at both sides of the road .If on- site mix is used the attached dust removing equipmentwill help to reduce the amount of TSP and the quality of people 's life will not be affected. EIA of road construction in China always abide by the secondary degree of international standard (KStandard for air environmentquality )). Its density limits are shown in graph 6-2 of S203 Liuan EAP. 6.1.3 (1) Impact to ecologicalenvironment There is no necessity of land acquisition in this project .In addition widening and reinforcing of the road surface is only limitedon the basis of the existing road bed .However the grass growing on the road borderwill be cleaned off and this impact is unavoidable. On the other hand while widening and reinforcing the road surface cement and gravel should be mixed and stirred which will produce certain amount of TSP .The small particle of TSP may be blown to the leaves of the crops beyondthe side ditches along the road .Whenthe dust on the leaves is accumulatedto a certain degree ,photosynthesis of the plants will be greatly affected hence the harvest of the crops .However the construction period (2000-- 2001)is rather short and during this period possible rainfall will clean off the dust on the surface of the leaves .Thus this impact is not that obvious. (2)Impact to water environmentand water and soil conservancy According to IEE report 1.3 there is no necessity of land acquisition while implementing the project of S203 Shou County.Thusthere is no construction undertaken near rivers and irrigation canals .While mixing ,stirring and crushing the construction materials ,water should be sprayed but the amount needed is limited .What is more water resources in local area are plenty and there is no need to use water for agricultural irrigation Thus during the construction period impact to water environmentis limited -Note that Shou County is in the low position and water may be accumulatedin the side ditches in rainy seasons. In terms of this during the construction period small bridges and culvert should be dredged so as to diverge the excessive water.
The course of S203 is located in the plain area so the ground is rather flat . In addition the existing road bank is low and the area of side slope is small . According to the on-site survey
11 vegetation on the side slope is growing well . Generally speaking there is no problem of soil erosion .During the construction period waste materials should be disposed at different stages In order to avoid the problem of soil erosion in rainy season those waste materials should not be piled up disorderly on the side slope . 6.1.4 Impactto traffic environment and other aspects The daily average traffic capacity in the course of S203 Shou County is about 2000 cars( middle sized) in 1997 .It is estimated that traffic capacitywill be increasedto about 3000 cars (middle size ) in 2001 .During the construction period ,more vehicles will be used to transport construction materials and this will increase the level of traffic capacity .Consequentlytraffic jam will happen more often than usual. In additionone half of the road is still in use while the other half is under construction.This will bring inconvenienceto people' s daily communicationand will affect the quality of their life .Howeverconstruction period is short and the whole project is divided by several stages .It is acceptableto most people although there is certain impactto their daily life . 6.2 Operationperiod 6.2.1 Impact of trafficnoise After S203 Shou County is put into operation traffic noise will be the main factor that affects the daily activities of those places .There are some places(such as school ,hospital, residential houses ) which are easily affected by the change of environment .According IEE report 1.4 of this project daily average traffic capacity (middle-sizedcars) will be 4860 and 6855 in 2010 and 2020 respectively .The estimated traffic capacity in 2020 is 2.4 times more than that in 1998. Traffic noise caused by the increase of traffic capacity is about 3-4dB(A). The road passes many townships and schools such as Zhougongmiao village ,Yankou County ,Shitangjivillage ,BaoyiCounty,ShijiZhen County ,Yankou middle school and Baoyi middle school .The increase of traffic capacity will undoubtedly have greater impact on those places and will affect the daily life of people living at both sides of the road. Buildings on both sides of the road are business offices and residential houses .Daily business activities also produce noise pollution and this make the percentage of traffic noise pollution seems to be rather low .People spendingthe night on both sides of the road are less than those doing business in daytime .What is more traffic capacity in daytime is 9 times more than that at night .Thus the number of people affected by traffic noise is limited and they must be the very few who'are very sensitive to traffic noise . Side walls of Baoyi middle school and Yankou middle school facing the road are without windows Thus the schoolenvironrnent(teaching rooms) are not likely to be affected due to the better traffic conditionsafter the road is being maintained and improved .However in order to ensure the sound teaching environment governmentat all levels should take some preventable measures to control the impact of the traffic noise . According to a survey on traffic impact on those schools ,every Monday to Friday students
18 study themselves from 7:00 to 9:00 o'clock .During this period traffic capacity is reduced and the level of traffic noise will also be lowered .Impact if there is any will only affect schools at an instantaneousmoment when transportationvehicles pass the schools . 6.2.2 Air environment During the operation period with the increase of traffic capacity ,the density of NOx and CO emitted by the passing vehicleswill also be increase d .However the road is located in the plain area and air is easily spreadwith fast wind speed . According to the estimated result of EIA on other road constructionproject in Anhui ,when daily traffic capacity is 30000 cars (middle-size) ,the standard distance of the density of NOx and CO is about 20 meters along the road .The estimated daily traffic capacityin this course are only 6855 cars (middlesize) in 2 020,thusthe standarddistance of the densityof NOx and CO is about 10 meters accordingly. Those figures show that duringthe operationperiod the impact of air environmentis slight. The impact of TSP will be greatlyreduced due to the better road conditionsand flatness of the road surface. The above analysis shows that traffic noise is one of the potential environment impact during the operation period. 7 Possible compensation measures for environment impact 7.1 Designing period Environment impact should be reduced from the designingperiod (1) According to the constructionfeatures, places for piling up and mixing the construction materials should be far away from the townships and schools where the road passes .In this way operation noise and the possiblepollution of TSP will be reduced . (2) Water spray equipment should be provided while mixing and stirring the mixture of cement and gravel . (3) If new side -slopes are to be created certain protection and controllingmeasures should be taken on the basis of the existing road conditions .In addition bushes and grasses can be planted to prevent soil erosion , protect the road embankment and compensate for the loss of vegetation areas . 7.2 Constructionperiod (1) While reinforcing the road surface the mixture of cement and gravel is to be used .If possible on-site mix should be used in the construction progress and then those materials should be paved at different stages .In this way the level of operation noise and possible pollution of TSP will be reduced while the construction is undergoing near schools and hospitals .If road mix by machinery is used constructionshould be stopped from pm 22:00 to 6:00 next morning especially when the road passes the townships ,hospitals and schools .Thus people and patients will not be disturbed at night. (2) During the construction period water should be sprayed to remove the dust especially when the road passes townships.schools and hospitals .Since water resources are plenty along
19 the road this measure will be economicaland effective. (3) Waste materialsshould be disposed at different stages so as to prevent soil erosion. (4) In order to ensure the normal progress of construction and usual order of traffic special persons shouldbe assignedto take charge of the traffic. 7.3 Operationperiod (1) To plant more trees along both sides of the road especially along the roadside where Baoyi middle school and Yankou middle school are located .Arbor and bushes with luxuriant leaves will greatlyreduce the traffic noise and waste gas pollutionemitted by the vehicles. (2) One hundred meters ahead of the hospitals Baoyi middle schools and Yankou middle schools along the road ,reflector marks should be set up forbiddingthe blowing of horns so that the level trafficnoise will be reduced. (3)Warning marks such as speed limit marks ,pedestrian marks ,and village marks should be establishedin front of the school gates and townships .Those marks will help to reduce the number of traffic accidentsand ensure people 's life security . 8 Environment management and monitoring plan. 8.1 Environmentmanagement agency Traffic Departmentin Anhui Province will take charge of the environmentmanagement of S203 Shou County .Managementagencies are shown in graph 8-1.
lTrafficDepartment in AnhuiProvince China1
|World BankOffice in | |Enviroment Protection | Traffic Officein TrafficDepartment
AnhuiProvince Road ManagementBureau
LiuanLocal Road ManagementBureau
Branchof ShouCounty Road ManagementBureau
8-1 EnvironmentManagement Agencies
20 8.2 Environment monitoring plan Accordingto the development trend of S203 Shou County .Liuan local road management will appoint associated agencies qualified for environment monitoring .Those agencies will monitor the environmentnoises outside some selected schoolroomsof Baoyi middle school and Yankou middle school .
21 Road Maintenance and Improvement Sub-project G105 Nan Zhao
6 Potential environment impact analysis 6.1 Constructionperiod The starting point of G105 NanZhao is Liushipu in Yingshang County ,BuyangCity and its ending point is Huoqiuzhouji in Liuan area .This course is 30 km long and is divided into three degrees .Afterthe implementationof this project the road will be upgradedto the second degree. The road surface is made up of pitches and crushed stones and will be widened from 7.Om to 14.Om .On the basis of the existing road conditions the original road surface will be widened and reinforcedand the slopes will be adjusted .Then upper layer and surface layer will be put on the road surface .Land acquisition is not necessary during the constructionof this road .Most of the constructionmaterials such as gravel ,cement and limes are transported from other places. While adjustingthe slope some soil and stones are left and they could be used as constructionmaterials .Accordingto the above analysis of the constructionprogress the potential environmentimpacts are as follows: 6. 1.1 Impact to the quality of acousticenvironment During the construction period transportation of construction materials will add to the current traffic capacity and make greater the impact of traffic noise pollution .While widening ,adjusting and reinforcing the road ,noises will be created by the use of certain machinery .Even on-site mix is used when mixing all the pitches and crushed stones transportation of the constructionmaterials will create certain noises .These noises will affect the schoolrooms,hospitals, and residential houses within 100 meters along both sides of the road .These places are mainly Nanzhaoji,Wulizhuang ,Government of Hong xing Countyand Liushipu in Yingshang County ;Government of ZhugangConty ,ZhoujiCounty ,Zhugang second middle school and Hezhuangprimary school in HuoqiuCounty . The road of G105 Nanzhao runs from south to north and the schoolroomsrun from east to west .The school side walls facing the road are without windows .Thus traffic noise and construction noise will have little impact on the teaching environment .In addition the windows of most residential houses face south with their side walls facing the road .Thus the impact of noise during the construction period is slight and will not last long . While constructing near school, hospitals and residential community ,EIA of road construction in China always abide by the second and fourth item of international standard (KStandard for environment noises in cities and suburbs )) . 6.1.2 Impact to the quality of air environment While implementing this project transportation of construction materials will add to the existing traffic capacity .Thus the amount of NOx and CO emitted by transportationvehicles will be increased . In addition more TSP will be produced due to the serious damage to road
22 surface and bad traffic conditions .However the daily average amount of NOx ,CO and TSP will not exceed the secondary density limit of National (( Standard of Air Environment Quality )) On the other hand the mixture of cement of gravel are planned to be used while widening ,reinforcingand adjusting the original road surface and imposing surface layer on it .Certain amountof TSP will be produced during this period of construction.If on-site mix is used ,the dust removing equipment will decrease the amount of TSP .The amount of TSP produced by both methods will not have the impact of pollution to the quality of life for people living at both sides of the road. EIA of road constructionin China always abide by the secondarystandard of international standard ( Standardof Air EnvironmentQuality )).Itsdensity limits may be referred to graph 6-2 of S203 Liuan. 6.1.3 Impact to ecologicalenvironment (1) Impactto the vegetationalong the road Althoughland acquisitionis not necessaryduring this constructionperiod ,road surface will be widened from 7 meters to 14 meters which means the area of the road will be enlarged from 7000squaremeters to 14000square meters .Thus 7000 square meters of the existing road border will be changedinto road surface .Grass vegetation growing on the road border will be cleaned off. On the other hand during the constructionperiod the progress of transportation,mixing and crushing the materials will produce certain amount of TSP .Those amount of TSP will be blown to the leaves of the crops growing near the side -ditches .The accumulationof TSP will affect the photosynthesisof the plants hence the unit yield of the crops . However the annual rainfall is above 900mm and the leaves will be cleaned thoroughly .During the short constructionperiod(I 999-2000) the impact will not be so obvious . (2) Impact to the water environmentand water and soil conservancy The border of G105 Nanzhao is HuaiRiver in Nanzhaoji .This course include 15 km in Liuan and 15km in Yingshang County ,Buyang City .The road crosses the plain area .Since construction of the project is based on the existing roadbed ,rivers and agriculturalirrigation system are not involved. During the construction period ,certain amount of water should be sprayed while mixing ,crushingthe construction materials .Water for farm field irrigation will not be used since there is plenty water resources .In addition the amnountof spraying water is limited so the impact to water environment is limited . Note that the quality of water environment of Huai River should not be affected ,therefore no waste materials should be thrown into this river no matter by what means of construction. The c'ourseof G105 is located in the plain and hilly area The existingroad bank is low and basically speaking there is no problem of soil erosion .What is more during the construction period the existingroadbed will not be widened .If waste materials are left while adjusting the
23 road slope they should be disposed at different stagesand should not be piled up disorderly on the side slope .Thus the problem of soil erosion could be avoided . 6.1.4 Impact to traffic environmentand other aspect In this course one half of the road is planned to be constructed first while the other half is still under operation. More transportation vehicles will affect the current traffic pattern and traffic jam will occur more often than usual .People living along the road will feel inconvenient to communicate and their quality of life will be affected in a short- term .Howeverthis impact is limitedand it is acceptableto local people . 6.2 Operation period 6.2.1 Impact of traffic noise After the road is put into operation ,with the increaseof the traffic capacity some sensitive places (school, hospital, residential community etc.) will be affected by traffic noise .The estimated daily traffic capacity in G105 Nanzhao Course are 4732 cars(middle size) in 2020 .After the implementationof the project the road surface will become more flat and traffic conditions will be greatly improved .In terms of this although the level of traffic noise will be increased ,the level of dB(A) is limited .However after the implementation of the project the level of traffic noise caused by serious damage to the road surface will be reduced .Pollution of traffic noise can not be neglected especially in those areas such as Nanzhaoji ,Wulidian ,Government of Hongxing County ,Liushipu ,Government of Zhugang County ,Zhouji ,Zhugang Secondmiddle school and Hezhuangprimary school. In Zhugang second middle school and Hezhuangprimary school ,side walls facing the road are without windows .Thus traffic noise caused by the increase of traffic capacity will have a slight impact on the teaching environment .Howeverin order to ensure the sound teaching environment proper preventable measures should be taken to control the pollution of traffic noise . 6.2.2 Impact of air environment Road in G105 Nanzhao is located in the plain and hilly area along southern and northern bank of Huai River .The average wind speed on the ground level is fast ,therefore the air is easily spread .The estimated daily traffic capacity in 2020 will be 4732 cars (middle size) .Compared with other roads in Anhui , traffic capacity in this course is less than one- tenth of that on other roads .If this traffic capacity could be realized in 2020 the standard distance of NOx and CO emitted by transportation vehicles are both within 10 meters .Thus during the operation period the impact to the qualityof air environment is slight. While implementing the project the road slope will be adjusted to a more reasonable level and road surface will be flattened .The improved traffic conditions will reduce the amount of TSP .Needlessto say there will be a big improvementof TSP environment along the road. According to the above analysis traffic noise is -one of the potential impacts on the environment .
24 7 Possible compensation measures for environment impact 7.1Designing Period (1) In terms of constructionfeatures and the environment conditions of the project ,places for piling up constructionmaterials and stations for mixing the cement and gravel should be separated from the schools ,hospitalsand townships . (2) Water spray equipmentshould be provided when mixing the cementand gravel. (3) If new slopes are to be formed protection measures (to plant more trees included ) should be taken so as to reduce the amount of soil erosion ,protect road embankmentand compensatefor the loss of vegetation. 7.2 Constructionperiod (1) While widening ,adjusting and reinforcing the road surface and putting an upper layer and a surface layer on it , on-site mix should be used to mix all kinds of construction materials .Thenthose materials should be paved at different stages so that the impact of TSP and pollution and traffic noise to schools ,hospitals and residents will not be so serious .If field mix is used near schools ,townships and hospitals from pm 22:00to 6:00 next morning ,constructionwork should be stopped so as not to disturb the night sleep of patients and residents. (2) While constructionis undergoingnear townships ,schools and hospitalswater shouldbe sprayed to remove the dust .Since there are plenty water resources along the road .this measure is applicable,economical and effective. (3) Waste materials should be disposed at different stages and should not be thrown into HuaiRiver so as to safeguardthe quality of Huai River. (4) During the constructionperiod special persons should be appointedto take charge of the traffic of the road which is still under operation . 7.3 Operation period (1) To plant more trees .In this way.possible pollution of traffic noise and waste gas could be reduced. (2) One hundred meters in front of the townships ,schools and hospitals , reflector marks should be established forbiddingthe blowing of horns so as to reduce the pollution of traffic noise . (3) In front of the school gates and townships the road passes ,warming marks such as speed limit mark ,pedestrian mark and village mark should be set up so as to reduce the number of traffic accidents and ensure the life security of pedestrian . 8 Environment management and monitoring plan 8.1 Environment management agencies Traffic Department in Anhui will take charge of the environment management of G105 Nanzhao .Managementagencies are shown as graph 8-1. 8.2 Environmentmonitoring plan
25 According to the development trend of the traffic in G105 Nanzhao Course ,Liuan road management bureau will appoint associated agency qualified for environment monitoring .Those agencies will monitor the environment noise outside some selected schoolroomsof ZhugangNo. 2 middle school.
Traffic Departmentin AnhuiProvince China
WorldBank Office in EnviromentProtection Traffic Officein TrafficDepartment
|Anhui ProvinceRoad |Management Bureau
Branchof LiuanRoad Branchof BuyangCity Road| Mangmen Bure1au ManagementBureau |
Branchof HuoqiuRoad Branchof YingshangCounty ManagementBureau RoadManagement Bureau
8-1 Environment managementagencies
26
Road Maintenance and Improvement sub-project S316 Chaolu Road
6 Potential environment impact analysis 6.1 Construction period The type of construction for this project is "Improvement".The existing road surface will be widened ,adjusted and reinforced while putting a surface layer on it.The road surface will be paved with concrete .Constructionof this project will affect the ecological ,air and acoustic environmentalong the road . 6.1.1 Impact to the quality of air environment Transportationof constructionmaterials will add to the current traffic capacity and increase the level of traffic noise .The use of machinerywill create constructionnoise while mixingthe materials for buildingroad surfaceand roadbed. According to the on-site survey most roads in this project are distributed in the wild fields In the townships the road passes streets are fast developed .While implementingthe project the constructionnoise and traffic noise will affect the quality of life for people living along the road .Sometimesthe level of noise will slightly exceed the standard(>7OdB(A))thus affecting the teaching activities and medical treatrnent.However those sensitive places within 100 meters are separated from the road by sports fields and residential houses .In addition some schoolrooms facing the road are without windows .The above information shows that the impact of construction noise and traffic noise to the teaching environment is not so obvious . EIA of road construction in China always abide by the second and fourth item of intemational standard ( Environment noise in cities and suburbs )) .Its standard is shown in graph 6-1 of S203 Liuan. 6.1.2 Impact to the quality of air environment A large amount of TSP may be produceddue to the serious damage to the road surface and bad traffic conditions .Thus people living along the road will suffer from TSP pollution .However it is estimated that the density of TSP will not exceed the standard .While widening and reinforcing the road surface ,the amount of TSP will be limited if field mix is used . Thus it will have little impact to people living along the road .If on-site mix is used the pollution of TSP will be reduced to a small level .EIA of road construction in China always abide by the secondary standard of international standard
27 materials ,certain amount of TSP will be blown to the leaves of the crops .Those amount of TSP will affect the photosynthesisof the plants hence the unit yield of crops .However this impact is very slight. (2) Water environmentand water conservancy Some roads of this course are distributedalong the southem bank of Chao Lake and cross many streams and agriculturalirrigation canals .What is more there are many small pools on those roads .Some old bridges and culvert will be widened and reinforced and only few culverts will be built .Thus original shape of water flow and agriculturalirrigation system will not be greatly affected .Waste materials and dirty water left by construction activities will possibly pollute the water in Chao Lake .However as long as the waste materials are disposed and cleaned off in time the water quality of Chao Lake will not be affected by the short-period constructionactivities . Chaolu Road is located in the plain area and the problem of soil erosion is not so serious .Construction materials are transported from other places and there are little amount of waste materials which will cause small areas of soil erosion .Those amount of soil erosion will be deposited in the side ditches along the road and will not cause serious pollution to the water environment. 6.1.4 Traffic environmentand other aspects One half of the road is to be built first while the other half is still under operation.This way of construction will cause the blocking of traffic and affect the traffic conditions .However this is only a temporaryphenomenon and it will not last long . Constructionactivities will affect people 's daily activities and bring inconvenienceto their communication.However this impact will not last long and it is acceptableto most residents. 6.2 Operation period 6.2.1 Traffic noise It is estimated that the daily traffic capacity will be 7209 cars (middle size) in 2020.The implementationof this project will greatly improve the traffic conditions .The increase of traffic capacity will make greater the impact of traffic noise pollution and will disturb the night sleep of residents living along the road .However most buildings facing the road are business offices and the number of people affected by traffic noise at night is limited .The affected townships and schools are mainly Sanbing ,Sanbing middle school ,Bumiao primary school, Gaolin middle school ,Gaolin County ,Central hospital of Guilin County ,Huailin middle school ,Jiufeng village, Dongyao village ,Shengqiao and govern-mentof Shishan County .Among them the current level of traffic noise in Central hospital in Huailin County and Huailin middle school is relativelyhigh (65dB(A) in daytime) .With the increased level of traffic noise the total level of noise may possibly exceed the standard limit in daytime .Thus proper measures should be taken to control the impact of traffic noise . On the other hand traffic noise caused by vibration of vehicles will be reduced since the
28 ground of road surfacehas been flattened and traffic conditions have been improved. 6.2.2 Air environment More NOx and CO will be produced due to the increased traffic capacity after the implementationof the project .Howeverthe estimated traffic capacity ( shown in graph 1-2)is only a small proportion of traffic capacity in other roads .According to analogical analysis pollution caused by NOx and CO emitted by the transportationvehicles is not so serious .In addition most roads of this course are located in the wild fields and there is no fixed pollution sources .The air is easily spread and its quality is good .Thus the quality of air will not exceed the limits and will not have obviousimpact to some easily affectedplaces . 7 Possible compensation measures for environment impact 7.1 Designing period (1) Most roads of the course are located at the foot of mountains and are prone to the invasion of flood, therefore the designing of the roadbed for diverging the flood is very important .Ditches for damming water and side ditches no less than 60 cm deep should be set up outside some cutting side slopes. Sewers should be set up along both sides of the road in cities.These measures should be taken in line with the township programs by local government. (2)Constructionmaterials such as gravel and cement should be piled up far away from the townships. (3) Protection measures should be taken when new slopes are to be formed .Indigenous bushes or grasses should be planted where it is suitable for them to grow .Thus the loss of grass and bushes could be compensatedand the problem of soil erosion could be avoided. 7.2 Constructionperiod (1) Machines should be maintained and used in a proper way so that constructionnoise could be kept at the lowest level .If residential houses are within 100 meters near the construction field ,construction activities should be stopped from pm22:00 to 6:00 next morning. (2) Construction materials that could produce TSP should be covered while they are transported .In addition while transporting the construction materials water shouldbe sprayed to reduce the dust . (3) While building the road surface and roadbed ,on-site mix should be used and then materials should be paved at different stages .If road mix is used ,construction activities should be forbidden at night and should be far away from schools and hospitals. (4) Waste materials should be disposed at different stages. They should not be thrown into Chao Lake nor shouldthey be disorderly piled up along both sides of the road. 7.3 Operationperiod (I)To plant more trees especially near schools along the road .Note that bushes or arbors with luxuriant foliage will reduce the effect of noise and waste gas pollution and will also
29 beautify the road. (2) In order to reduce the effect of noise pollution in Huailin middle school and Huailin central hospital ,noises should be monitored at a fixed time .In addition walls should be heightened or double windows should be installed. (3)One hundred meters in front of schools and hospitals reflector marks forbidding blowing homs should be set up so as to reduce the effect of noise. In front of the villages and schools the road passes , warning marks such as speed limit marks ,village marks and pedestrian marks should be set up so as to reduce the number of traffic accidents and ensure the life security of people . 8 Environment management and monitoring plan 8.1 Environment management agencies are shown in graph 8-1
TrafficDepartment in AnhuiProvince China
WorldBank Office in EnviromentProtection |Traffic Officein TrafficDepartment
|Liuan LocalRoad !ManagementBureau
Branchof ChaoluRoad Branchof LijingCounty ManagementBureau Road
8-1 Environment management agencies 8.2 Environment monitoring plan According to the development trend of traffic capacity of this course ,Chaohu Road management agency will appoint associated agencies qualified for environment monitoring to monitor the environment noise outside some classrooms in Huailin middle school.
30 Road Maintenance and Improvement Sub-project S315 Yangtao Road
6 Potential environment impact analysis 6.1 Construction period The type of constructionfor this course is "Maintenance".The original road surface will be widened and reinforced .Pitches and crushed stones will be paved on the road surface .The implementationof this projectwill affect the ecological ,acoustic and air environment. 6.1.1Impact to the quality of acoustic environment Transportationof constructionmaterials will add to the current traffic capacity and increase the level of traffic noise .Whilepaving pitches and crushed stones on the road surface the use of certain machines will create construction noise .In addition after the on-site mix is used transportationof these mixtureswill increase the level of traffic noise . According to the surveymost parts of Yangtao Road pass farm fields and wild fields .Only Shishugang, Shannan and Jinniu County are densely populated .Thus the constructionnoise and traffic noise will affect the quality of life for people living along the road .However schools within one hundred meters of the road are separated from the road by enclosed walls and sport fields. Side walls facing the road are without windows .Those information shows that construction noise and traffic noise will not have an obvious impact on the teaching environment along the road. EIA of road construction in China always abide by the second and fourth item of international standard ( Environment noise in cities and suburbs )) .Its standard limits are shown in graph 6-1 of S203 Liuan. 6.1.2 Impact to the qualityof air environment While widening and reinforcingthe original road surface ,road mix is used .In this way limited amount of TSP will be created .People living along the road will not be greatly affected .If on-site mix is used the amount of TSP will be much less .The station for mixing and stirring the pitches is far away from the construction field thus there will be no impact to the construction field . Due to the serious damage to the road surface and bad traffic conditions large amount of TSP will be produced by the transportation vehicles .People living along the road will suffer from TSP pollution .Howeverthe impact will be little due to the large amount of rainfall and short period of constructionactivities .EIA of road construction in China always abide b) the secondary density limits of internationalstandard ( Standard for Air Environment Quality)) as shown in graph 6-2 of S203 Liu an. 6.1.3 Impact to ecologicalenvironment (1) Grass vegetation will be cleaned while changing road border into road bed and this impact is unavoidable .In addition when mixing cement and gravel. TSP will be blown to the
31 leaves of crops .Those TSP will affect the photosynthesis of plants hence the unit yield of crops .Howeverthis impact is not obvious. (2) Waterenvironment and water conservancy Rivers and irrigation canals are not involved while implementing the project .Certain amount of water should be kept while crushing the road surface so that the relevant level of pressing could be reached .Thus water should be sprayed while mixing and crushing the materials for reinforcingthe road surface .However the amount of water used in this progress is limited and no excessive water will flow into the side ditches or farn fields along the road .The informationshows that there is no pollution to the water environment along the road . Yangtao Road is located in the plain and hilly area and the problem of soil erosion is not serious .Since construction materials are transported from other places limited amount of waste materialswill be produced and they will unlikely causethe problem of soil erosion. 6.1.4 Trafficand other aspect One half of the road is to be constructed first while the other half is still under operation .This way of construction will block the road and affect the traffic conditions.However this phenomenon will be local and temporary. Construction activities will also affect people's daily life and the teaching environment.However this impact will not last long and it is acceptableto most people. 6.2 Operationperiod It is estimatedthat daily traffic capacity are 3960 cars in the future .The increaseof traffic capacity will worsen the traffic noise pollution and affect people's sleep at night .Residential houses are sparsely distributed in this area and in the densely populated towns of Shannan County ,Shishugangand Jinniu most buildings are business offices .Thus the number of people affected by traffic noise is limited .According to a survey the affected schools and hospitals are Shishugang middle school ,Shannanciddle and Feixi No.4 People 's Hospital .The two schools are separated from the road by walls ,sports fields and residential houses and are not seriously affected by traffic noise .HoweverFeixi people 's hospital is near the road and are greatly affected by traffic noise .It is reported that there are fifty to sixty people coming to this hospital for treatment every day and the number of people affected by traffic noise is limited . 6.2.2 Air environment There will be more NOx and CO emitted by the vehicles with the increase of traffic capacity .Howevercompared with other highway the traffic capacity of this road is only one fifth of that in other roads .According to the on-site survey the amount of NOx and CO will be much less .In addition the road is located along farm fields and wild fields and there is no big fixed pollution source .Air is easily spread and of good quality ,thus the total amount of NOx and CO will not exceed the standard limits and will have no obvious impact on the
32 easily affected places. 7 Possible compensation measures for environment impact 7.1 Designing period (1) Constructionmaterials transported from other places should be piled up far away from townships. (2) Protection measures should be taken when new slopes are formed .Indigenous plants such as bushes or grass should be planted where it is suitable to grow .These measures will compensatefor the loss of vegetation. 7.2 Construction period (1) During the construction period, machinesand vehicles should be properly maintained and used so that construction noise can be kept at the lowest level .If there are residential houses within one hundred meters of the constructionfield construction activities should be stopped from pm 22:00 to 6:00 next morning. (2)Water should be sprayed to remove the dust where transportation of construction materials and constructionactivities are undergoing. (3) If possible ,on-site mix should be used and then materials should be paved at different stages .In this way the level of air pollutioncould be reduced when paving the road surface . (4) Waste materials should be disposed at different stages and should not be piled up disorderly along the road. 7.3 Operation period (1) To plant more trees along the road whereschools are located .Note that bushes or arbors with luxuriant foliage can reduce the level of noise and waste gas pollution and can further beautifythe road . (2) In order to reduce the effect of traffic noise in Shishugangmiddle school and Shannan middle school ,it is not only necessary to monitor the noise but also to plant more trees and build enclosed walls. (3) One hundred meters ahead of schools and hospitals reflector marks should be set up forbidding the blowing of horns so as to reduce the level of traffic noise .Meanwhile where hospitals and schools are located warning marks such as speed limit marks ,village marks and pedestrianmarks should be set up so as to reduce the level of traffic noise pollution and waste gas pollution .What is more people 's life security can be ensured . 8 Environment management and monitoring plan 8.1 Environment management agencies as shown in graph 8-1 8.2 Environment monitoring plan According to the development trend of traffic capacity of this project ,Hefei Road management bureau will appoint associated bureau qualified for environment monitor to monitor the environment noise outside some selected classroom of Shishugang middle school .The associated bureau are authorized to take steps controlling the noise when it is
33 necessary.
Traffic Department in Anhui Province China
World Bank Office in Enviroment Protection Traffic Office in Traffic Department
Anhui Province Road Management Bureau
Hefei local Road Management Bureau
I _ Feixi Local Road Management Bureau
8-1 Environment management agencics
34 Road Maintenance and Improvement Sub-project S202 Xiaozhun Road
6 Potential environment impact analysis The starting point of S202 Xiaozhun Road is from Yuying near Wuming in the north of Buyang City toWangren,Ruji and Zhangcun village of Linxin County and the ending point is from ChudianCounty to the south of WoyangCounty .The road runs from south to northeast and is 60 km long .The type of constructionis "Maintenance"and the road surface is made up of concrete.The originalroad surface will be widened from 9m to l 4m.Potentialenvironment impact are shownas follows: 6.1 Construction period 6.1 .1 Impactto the quality of air environment While implementingthis project the originalroad surface will be widened ,reinforcedand paved with concrete.The mixture of cement and gravel will be used when reinforcingthe road surface .Transportationof these materials will add to the existingtraffic capacity and increase the level of traffic noise .Constructionactivities by the use of machineswill also create noise. Those noises will affect the quality of life ,the teaching enviromnent and hospital environment .Xiaozhun Road mainly passes Yuying ,Wangren. Dingqiao,ZhangcunCounty and Chudian County .Yongchang primary school and Zhangcunzhennanprimary school are located along the road .Those schools are enclosed by walls of two meters high with their side walls facing the road .Thus the increased level of traffic noise and constructionnoise will not have an obviousimpact on the teaching environment. Most buildings along the road are business offices ,thereforethe number of people affected by traffic noise is limited .As long as proper measures are taken the effect of traffic noise could be controlledat a lower level . EIA of road construction in China always abide by the second and fourth item of internationalstandard ( Standard for environment noise in cities and suburbs )) .Its standard limits are shown in graph 6-1 of S203 Liuan. 6.1.2 Impactto the quality of air environment During the constructionperiod the potential impact to the quality of air environment is from transportationof constructionmaterials .There are mainly TSP pollution caused by the serious damage to the road surface and waste gas pollution caused by the increase of traffic capacity .The current traffic capacity is small and the quality of air environment is fairly good .It is estimated that the total amount ( the increased amount plusing the current amount )of NOx and CO emitted by the vehicles will not exceed the secondary density limits of national (KStandard for air environrnentquality)) Besides TSP produced by transportation vehicles ,certain amount of TSP will be produced while mixing the construction materials such as the mixture of cement and gravel and
35 concrete .Those amount of TSP will mainly affect the quality of life for people living along the road .However the amountof TSP is limited due to the short period of construction.If it is possible to use on-site mix the attached dust removing equipment will greatly reduce the amount of TSP and will not affectthe quality of life for people living along the road . EIA of road constructionin China always abide by the secondary standard of international standard (( Standard for the qualityof air environment)).ts density limits are shown in graph 6-2 of S203 Liuan . 6.1.3 Impact to the ecologicalenvironment (1) Impact to the vegetationalong the road While implementing this sub-project the road surface will be widened ,reinforced and paved with concrete on the basis of the original road bed .There will be little impact on the ecological environment .Howeverwhile changing the original road border into road surface vegetation growing on the road border will be cleaned off and this impact is unavoidable. In addition TSP produced by transportationand mixing the construction materials will be blown to the leaves of the crops along the road .When the dust accumulate to some extent they will affect the photosynthesisof plants hence the unit yield of crops .However as the road is located between HuangRiverand Huai River the relativejy large amount of rainfall will offset the effect of TSP pollution .In generalthis impact will not be obvious. (2) Impact to water environmentand water conservancy Rivers and irrigation cafialsare not involved in the sub-project .However water have to be used in the following progresses :reinforcingthe road surface by the mixture of cement and graves ;removing the dustfall ;mixing the constructionmaterials such as concrete .Generally speaking there will be more water used when paving the road with concretethan paving the road with pitches and crushed stones .However since there are plenty of water resources along the road, water for agriculturalirrigation will not be used .In addition there will not be many excessive water flowing into the side ditches or farm fields along the road .If some waste water r is left while mixing and stirring the concrete they will be discharged into the side ditches along the road .Those waste water will make the water turbid and affect the pH value of water and will not cause water pollution Since the road of this project is located in the plain area and before the constructionof this project there is no problem of soil erosion .During the construction period land acquisition is not necessary and constructionmaterials are transported from other places Thus the amount of waste materials ,if there is any ,is limited .Those waste materials will be disposed at different stages and they will not cause water pollution and soil erosion . 6.1.4 Traffic environment and other aspects It is in line with the social conditionsin China that one half of the road is to be constructed first while the other half is still under operation .During the construction period due to the increase of traffic capacity ,trafficjam will occur more often than usual .As long as the road is
36 put into operationtraffic conditionswill be greatly improved. Since the road is to be paved with concrete ,before it is opened to the public it must be maintainedfor a certain period .Thus compared with the road paved with pitches and crushed stones, construction of this road will last a relatively longer period .Needless to say constructionactivities will bring inconvenience to people 's daily activities .However it is acceptableand understandableto people since it is of their long-terminterests . In general during the construction period the potential environment impacts are constructionnoise ,trafficnoise and TSP pollution. 6.2 Operationperiod 6.2.1 Impactof trafficnoise After the implementationof the project one of the major potential environmentimpacts is traffic noise. .It is estimatedthat daily traffic capacity in 1998 are 4200 cars (middlesize) and 9098 cars (middle size) in 2020 .The figure shows that traffic capacity doubles during this period and according to the analogical analysis the level of traffic noise will be increased .However after the implementationof the project the level of traffic noise will be lower due to the improvedtraffic conditions and the widened road surface .In addition road surface paved with concrete is harder than that paved with pitches and crushed stones .Thus higher level of noises will be produced due to the harder road surface .This traffic noise will mainly affect residential houses along the road and schools and hospitals within one hundred meters of the road .Accordingto the on-site survey in the townships the road passes ,most buildings on both sides of the road are business offices .There is a limited number of people living there .In addition the ratio of traffic capacity in daytimeand at night is 10:1 .The above information shows that traffic noise will affect limited number of people during their night sleep .Certainmeasures should be taken to reduce the level of noise. Yongchangprimary school and Zhangcunzhennan primary school are located within one hundredmeters of the road and are enclosed by walls .Both schools are 40 to 80 meters from the road with their side walls facing the road .The impact of traffic noise is not serious .In order to ensure the sound teaching environrmentproper measures shouldbe taken to reduce the level of traffic noise. 6.2.2 Impactof air environment As what is described in 6.1.1 ,traffic capacity in 2020 will double than that in 1998 .Thus the amount of NOx and CO emitted by transportation vehicles will be increasedaccordingly. However the increased amount of NOx and CO is limited and thev are easily spread due to fast wind speed and good air quality .Compared with EIA report of other highway project in Anhui it is estimated that during the operation period the standard distance of the daily averageamount of NOx and CO is within 10 meters along the road Thus during the operation period the amount of NOx and CO will have little impact to the quality of air environment along the road .
37 The amount of TSP will be greatly decreaseddue to the improved traffic conditions .In terms of this the implementationof this project will improve the quality of air environment ( from the aspect of TSP ) The above shows that during the operationperiod potential environrnent impact is traffic noise and proper measures should be taken to reduce the level of traffic noise . 7 Possible compensation methods for environment impact 7.1 Designing period (1) Constructionmaterials such as graveland limes should be piled up two hundred meters away from the townships ,schools and hospitalsso as to reduce the level of possible pollution of TSP . (2) Station for mixing concrete should be located far away from townships ,schools or hospitals so as not to disturb residents there. (3) Protection measures should be taken if new slopes are to be formned.It is better if vegetation could be planted along with the use of some protection methods . (4) While adjustingthe slope if wastecubic meter of earth and stones are left they should be properly disposed so as to prevent soil erosion. 7.2 Constructionperiod (1) Constructionmaterials for widening,adjusting and reinforcing the road surface should be mixed and stirred together and then pavedat different stages .Thus the level of construction noise could be reduced (2)When construction activities are undergoing near schools or hospitals they should be stopped from pm 22:00 to 6:00 next morning so as not to disturb the night sleep of the residents living there. (3) Water should be sprayed to remove the dust where the road passes .In this way the level of TSP pollution will be reduced. (4) Waste cubic meter of earth and stones should be disposed at different stages and should not be piled up disorderly .Thus the problem of soil erosion could possibly be avoided . (5) Special persons should be assigned to take charge of the traffic so as to reduce the number of traffic accidents and ensure people 's life security . 7.3 Operation period (1) To plant more trees especially where schools and hospitals are located along the road .Indigenous bushes and arbors should be planted to form a green screen .Thus the level of traffic noise could be possibly reduced . (2) One hundred meters ahead of the schools and hospitals ,reflector marks should be set up forbidding the blowing of homs so that the level of traffic noise will be reduced . (3) When the road passes the townships ,school gates and hospitals ,warning marks such as speed limit marks, pedestrian marks and village marks should be set up to ensure life security of people.
38 .
8 Environment management and monitoring plan 8.1 Environmentmanagement agencies Traffic Departmentin Anhui will take charge of the environmentmanagement .Its managementagencies are shownin graph8-1 TrafficDepartment in AnhuiProvince China
WorldBank Office in EnviromentProtection Traffic Office in Traffic Department|
AnhuiProvince Road ManagementBureau
Hefeiloal Road ManagementBureau
Branchof LixinCounty Road Branchof WuoyangCounty Management Bureau RoadManagement Bureau
8-1Environment management agencies 8.2 Environmentmonitoring plan Accordingto the developmenttrend and environmentconditions of trafficcapacity of this sub-project,Buyang Road management bureau will appointassociated agencies qualified for environmentmonitoring to carry out this plan . Environmentnoise monitoringwill be conductedoutside some selected classrooms of Zhangcunzhennanprimary school and in font of someresidential houses along the roadof Zhangcunzhen.They should raise some proposals forcontrolling the levelof noiseon the basis of the existingtraffic conditions .
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