DOCSLIB.ORG

Seekins, 2006

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page vi 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page i Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East Edited by Jon Woronoff Asia 1. Vietnam, by William J. Duiker. 1989. Out of print. See No. 27. 2. Bangladesh, 2nd ed., by Craig Baxter and Syedur Rahman. 1996. Out of print. See No. 48. 3. Pakistan, by Shahid Javed Burki. 1991. Out of print. See No. 33. 4. Jordan, by Peter Gubser. 1991. 5. Afghanistan, by Ludwig W. Adamec. 1991. Out of print. See No. 47. 6. Laos, by Martin Stuart-Fox and Mary Kooyman. 1992. Out of print. See No. 35. 7. Singapore, by K. Mulliner and Lian The-Mulliner. 1991. 8. Israel, by Bernard Reich. 1992. 9. Indonesia, by Robert Cribb. 1992. Out of print. See No. 51. 10. Hong Kong and Macau, by Elfed Vaughan Roberts, Sum Ngai Ling, and Peter Bradshaw. 1992. 11. Korea, by Andrew C. Nahm. 1993. Out of print. See No. 52. 12. Taiwan, by John F. Copper. 1993. Out of print. See No. 34. 13. Malaysia, by Amarjit Kaur. 1993. Out of print. See No. 36. 14. Saudi Arabia, by J. E. Peterson. 1993. Out of print. See No. 45. 15. Myanmar, by Jan Becka. 1995. Out of print. See No. 59. 16. Iran, by John H. Lorentz. 1995. 17. Yemen, by Robert D. Burrowes. 1995. 18. Thailand, by May Kyi Win and Harold Smith. 1995. Out of print. See No. 55. 19. Mongolia, by Alan J. K. Sanders. 1996. Out of print. See No. 42. 20. India, by Surjit Mansingh. 1996. Out of print. See No. 58. 21. Gulf Arab States, by Malcolm C. Peck. 1996. 22. Syria, by David Commins. 1996. Out of print. See No. 50. 23. Palestine, by Nafez Y. Nazzal and Laila A. Nazzal. 1997. 24. Philippines, by Artemio R. Guillermo and May Kyi Win. 1997. Out of print. See No. 54. Oceania 1. Australia, by James C. Docherty. 1992. Out of print. See No. 32. 2. Polynesia, by Robert D. Craig. 1993. Out of print. See No. 39. 3. Guam and Micronesia, by William Wuerch and Dirk Ballendorf. 1994. 4. Papua New Guinea, by Ann Turner. 1994. Out of print. See No. 37. 5. New Zealand, by Keith Jackson and Alan McRobie. 1996. Out of print. See No. 56. New Combined Series 25. Brunei Darussalam, by D. S. Ranjit Singh and Jatswan S. Sidhu. 1997. 26. Sri Lanka, by S. W. R. de A. Samarasinghe and Vidyamali Samarasinghe. 1998. 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page ii 27. Vietnam, 2nd ed., by William J. Duiker. 1998. Out of print. See No. 57. 28. People’s Republic of China: 1949–1997, by Lawrence R. Sullivan, with the assistance of Nancy Hearst. 1998. 29. Afghanistan, 2nd ed., by Ludwig W. Adamec. 1997. Out of print. See No. 47. 30. Lebanon, by As’ad AbuKhalil. 1998. 31. Azerbaijan, by Tadeusz Swietochowski and Brian C. Collins. 1999. 32. Australia, 2nd ed., by James C. Docherty. 1999. 33. Pakistan, 2nd ed., by Shahid Javed Burki. 1999. 34. Taiwan (Republic of China), 2nd ed., by John F. Copper. 2000. 35. Laos, 2nd ed., by Martin Stuart-Fox. 2001. 36. Malaysia, 2nd ed., by Amarjit Kaur. 2001. 37. Papua New Guinea, 2nd ed., by Ann Turner. 2001. 38. Tajikistan, by Kamoludin Abdullaev and Shahram Akbarzedeh. 2002. 39. Polynesia, 2nd ed., by Robert D. Craig. 2002. 40. North Korea, by Ilpyong J. Kim. 2003. 41. Armenia, by Rouben Paul Adalian. 2002. 42. Mongolia, 2nd ed., by Alan J. K. Sanders. 2003. 43. Cambodia, by Justin Corfield and Laura Summers. 2003. 44. Iraq, by Edmund A. Ghareeb with the assistance of Beth K. Dougherty. 2004. 45. Saudi Arabia, 2nd ed., by J. E. Peterson. 2003. 46. Nepal, by Nanda R. Shrestha and Keshav Bhattarai. 2003. 47. Afghanistan, 3rd ed., by Ludwig W. Adamec. 2003. 48. Bangladesh, 3rd ed., by Craig Baxter and Syedur Rahman. 2003. 49. Kyrgyzstan, by Rafis Abazov. 2004. 50. Syria, 2nd ed., by David Commins. 2004. 51. Indonesia, 2nd ed., by Robert Cribb and Audrey Kahin. 2004. 52. Republic of Korea, 2nd ed., by Andrew C. Nahm and James E. Hoare. 2004. 53. Turkmenistan, by Rafis Abazov. 2005. 54. Philippines, 2nd ed., by Artemio Guillermo. 2005. 55. Thailand, 2nd ed., by Harold E. Smith, Gayla S. Nieminen, and May Kyi Win. 2005. 56. New Zealand, 2nd ed., by Keith Jackson and Alan McRobie. 2005. 57. Vietnam, 3rd ed., by Bruce Lockhart and William J. Duiker, 2006. 58. India, 2nd ed., by Surjit Mansingh, 2006. 59. Burma (Myanmar), by Donald M. Seekins, 2006. 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page iii Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) Donald M. Seekins Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East, No. 59 The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland • Toronto • Oxford 2006 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page iv SCARECROW PRESS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.scarecrowpress.com PO Box 317 Oxford OX2 9RU, UK Copyright © 2006 by Donald M. Seekins All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Seekins, Donald M. Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) / Donald M. Seekins. p. cm.—(Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East ; no. 59) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-8108-5476-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8108-5476-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Burma–History–Dictionaries. I. Title. II. Series: Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East ; 59. DS528.34.S44 2006 959.1003–dc22 2006001432 ϱ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America. 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page v Contents Editor’s Foreword Jon Woronoff vii Acknowledgments ix Reader’s Notes xi Old and New Place Names xv List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii Maps xx Chronology xxiii Introduction 1 THE DICTIONARY 49 Bibliography 487 About the Author 531 v 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page vi 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page vii Editor’s Foreword When Burma first became independent, there were valid reasons to ex- pect it to be a relative success in the region. It was well endowed with natural resources, reasonably compact, and had some talented leaders with broad public support. Yet while its neighbors are presently known for political progress and occasionally economic “miracles,” Burma has slipped back and become a rare laggard and even sometimes a pariah. Politically, it is run by one of the world’s few remaining military regimes, which stubbornly rejects any democratization that could un- dermine its control. Economically, the situation has continued to worsen, for the bulk of the population at least, while any wealth is mo- nopolized by a small elite, and the greatest source of riches is drugs. This can hardly be compensated for by superficial reforms or name changes—from Burma to Myanmar—or promises of better times to come. Nor can it be justified by the past, although it is somewhat easier to understand today against the background of yesterday, a long history marked by many problems that are yet to be resolved. Although it is simple enough to say in an offhanded way what has gone wrong, it is not that easy to explain it more cogently. That re- quires countless details, without which it is difficult to make sense of the situation. It is because of the details that this Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) must be welcomed. It provides an exceptional overview of the country, both today and yesterday, and also perhaps clues about tomorrow. The dictionary section has hundreds of entries on notable leaders throughout history, the more significant events that shaped that history, and the groups and institutions that currently pre- vail. Other entries look into the economy, society, culture, and religion as well as its many different ethnic groups. This admittedly complex situation is summed up in the introduction and also traced over the centuries in the chronology. The bibliography points to other sources vii 06-205 (01) Front.qxd 7/13/06 7:38 AM Page viii viii • EDITOR’S FOREWORD of information (although not as many as one would hope for), making this volume particularly useful. This completely new edition was written by Donald M. Seekins. Dr. Seekins, who is currently a professor of political science at the College of International Studies of Meio University, has spent much of his ca- reer in Asia, especially Japan and parts of Southeast Asia. He has vis- ited Burma frequently and has specialized in the country’s political his- tory. Over the years he has written many papers and articles on various aspects of the country, as well as a book on the most important feature, namely the military regime, the aptly titled The Disorder in Order: The Army-State in Burma since 1962. Despite his concentration on the cur- rent and recent past, it is obvious from this historical dictionary that Dr.
Recommended publications
  • Untouched Myanmar

    Untouched Myanmar

    Untouched Myanmar A group familiarization trip by Trails of Indochina Flight times and the daily order of sightseeing is subject to change Transfer times are approximate and are subject to local conditions at the time of travel ITINERARY SUMMARY Date Location Accommodation 01 May – 03 May 2015 Yangon Belmond Governor's Residence 03 May – 05 May 2015 Mandalay Mandalay Hill Resort 05 May – 08 May 2015 Bagan Aureum Palace Hotel 08 May – 10 May 2015 Inle Lake - Heho Inle Princess Resort 10 May 2015 Depart Yangon ITINERARY DETAIL Day 1 – Friday 01 May 2015: Yangon arrival (Own tickets, flight info to be advised) Upon arrival, meet your guide and transfer to your hotel. *The regular check-in time is at 02.00pm; early check-in is subject to availability and may incur an additional charge. Meals: None Accommodation: Belmond Governor's Residence/ Deluxe Address: 35 Taw Win Road, Dagon Township Tel: (95-1) 229 860. Fax: (95-1) 228 260 www.belmond.com/governors-residence-yangon Day 2 – Saturday 02 May 2015: Yangon Full Day Highlight Tour/ Oil Lamp Ceremony At Shwedagon Pagoda Although the city of Yangon has grown to accommodate over seven million people, it has retained its former charm. Start the day with a visit to the Sule Pagoda. Originally an Indian structure, according to legend it is over 2,500 years old. Observe the locals going about their daily lives when we pass by Mahabandoola Park. Stroll through downtown Yangon with its faded colonial atmosphere and visit the beautiful post office before visiting the Kyaukhtatgyi Pagoda, known for the reclining Buddha that measures 70 meters in length.
  • Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue

    Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue

    State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare Title and Politics in Colonial Burma(<Special Issue>State Formation in Comparative Perspectives) Author(s) Callahan, Mary P. Citation 東南アジア研究 (2002), 39(4): 513-536 Issue Date 2002-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53713 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, March 2002 State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊ Mary P. CALLAHAN＊＊ Normally, society is organized for life; the object of Leviathan was to organise it for production. J.S. Furnivall [1939: 124] Abstract This article examines the construction of the colonial security apparatus in Burma, within the broader British colonial project in eastern Asia. During the colonial period, the state in Burma was built by default, as no one in London or India ever mapped out a strategy for establishing governance in this outpost. Instead of sending in legal, commercial or police experts to establish law and order—the preconditions of the all-important commerce— Britain sent the Indian Army, which faced an intensity and landscape of guerilla resistance never anticipated. Early forays into the establishment of law and order increasingly became based on conceptions of the population as enemies to be pacified, rather than subjects to be incorporated into or even ignored by the newly defined political entity. The character of armed administration in colonial Burma had a disproportionate impact on how that popula- tion came to be regarded, treated, legalized and made into subjects of the Raj.
  • Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: to Be a Modern Burmese Citizen Living in a Nation‐State, 1889 – 1962

    Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: to Be a Modern Burmese Citizen Living in a Nation‐State, 1889 – 1962

    Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: To be a modern Burmese citizen living in a nation‐state, 1889 – 1962 Yuri Takahashi Southeast Asian Studies School of Languages and Cultures Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of Sydney April 2017 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Statement of originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Yuri Takahashi 2 April 2017 CONTENTS page Acknowledgements i Notes vi Abstract vii Figures ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Biography Writing as History and Shwe U Daung 20 Chapter 2 A Family after the Fall of Mandalay: Shwe U Daung’s Childhood and School Life 44 Chapter 3 Education, Occupation and Marriage 67 Chapter ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1917 and 1930 88 Chapter 5 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1930 and 1945 114 Chapter 6 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1945 and 1962 140 Conclusion 166 Appendix 1 A biography of Shwe U Daung 172 Appendix 2 Translation of Pyone Cho’s Buddhist songs 175 Bibliography 193 i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I came across Shwe U Daung’s name quite a long time ago in a class on the history of Burmese literature at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
  • Myanmar Yanmar

    Myanmar Yanmar

    MYANMAR - GOLDEN LAND 10 DAYS DAY 1: YANGON – ARRIVAL We will welcome you directly at the Yangon International Airport and our station guide accompanies you to your hotel in the city. Yangon is the former capital of Myanmar. The city, with a population of over 6 million inhabitants, is lined by the Yangon River in the West and the Bago River in the South. Compared with other Asian cities of similar size, it gives the impression of being green and full of trees, above which shimmering pagodas seem to float. The centre of Yangon still retains many impressive old buildings from the British colonial period In the afternoon, take a visit to Sule Pagoda: Situated in the very centre of downtown Yangon, the tall zedi of Sule Pagoda makes an excellent landmark; in fact it’s used as a milestone from which all addresses to the north are measured. Nearby you will visit a British colonial era buildings: City Hall, Immigration office and High Court building, then have a stroll at Mahabandoola Park for a good photo stop and then have a visit to Shwedagon Pagoda: The highlight of any trip to Yangon, and indeed to Myanmar itself, is a visit to the Shwedagon Pagoda, located in midtown Yangon between the People’s Park and the Kandawgyi Lake. The 2,600 years old Shwedagon Pagoda appears most beautiful during the early morning or evening, when you are able to enjoy this gilded sight in different colours. Then drive to hotel in the city and check in. Stay overnight in Yangon DAY 2: YANGON – MANDALAY In the morning, you will be taken to Airport and fly to Mandalay.
  • Myanmar | Content | 1 Putao

    Myanmar | Content | 1 Putao

    ICS TRAVEL GROUP is one of the first international DMCs to open own offices in our destinations and has since become a market leader throughout the Mekong region, Indonesia and India. As such, we can offer you the following advantages: Global Network. Rapid Response. With a centralised reservations centre/head All quotation and booking requests are answered office in Bangkok and 7 sales offices. promptly and accurately, with no exceptions. Local Knowledge and Network. Innovative Online Booking Engine. We have operations offices on the ground at every Our booking and feedback systems are unrivalled major destination – making us your incountry expert in the industry. for your every need. Creative MICE team. Quality Experience. Our team of experienced travel professionals in Our goal is to provide a seamless travel experience each country is accustomed to handling multi- for your clients. national incentives. Competitive Hotel Rates. International Standards / Financial Stability We have contract rates with over 1000 hotels and All our operational offices are fully licensed pride ourselves on having the most attractive pricing and financially stable. All guides and drivers are strategies in the region. thoroughly trained and licensed. Full Range of Services and Products. Wherever your clients want to go and whatever they want to do, we can do it. Our portfolio includes the complete range of prod- ucts for leisure and niche travellers alike. ICS TRAVEL ICSGROUPTRAVEL GROUP Contents Introduction 3 Tours 4 Cruises 20 Hotels 24 Yangon 24 Mandalay 30 Bagan 34 Mount Popa 37 Inle Lake 38 Nyaung Shwe 41 Ngapali 42 Pyay 45 Mrauk U 45 Ngwe Saung 46 Excursions 48 Hotel Symbol: ICS Preferred Hotel Style Hotel Boutique Hotel Myanmar | Content | 1 Putao Lahe INDIA INDIA Myitkyina CHINA CHINA Bhamo Muse MYANMAR Mogok Lashio Hsipaw BANGLADESHBANGLADESH Mandalay Monywa ICS TRA VEL GR OUP Meng La Nyaung Oo Kengtung Mt.
  • Sao Saimong Manghai. the Pddaeng Chronicle and the Jengtung State

    Sao Saimong Manghai. the Pddaeng Chronicle and the Jengtung State

    BOOK REVIEWS 307 war and now themselves lie years in the past, it seems justfied to do more than askas the authors do in a mere footnote~to what extent the ethnographic data presented here still coincide with actual reality. Indeed, there is a real fear that all of the information contained in this book might have passed into the realm of otherwise unretrievable his­ torical documents, documents of a culture which today finds itself basically altered， or perhaps even substantially destroyed. Rudiger Schumacher Institut fiir Vergleichende Musikwissenschaft Freie Universitat Berlin Sao Saimong Manghai. The Pddaeng Chronicle and the Jengtung State Chronicle Translated. (Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asiaト No. 19). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1981. xxiv+304 pp. Illustrations, bib­ liography. Cloth US$18.00， IS B N 0-89148-020—X; paper $10.00, IS B N 0-89148-021-8. In the volume under review we read of the following: “ The (Ruler of Jengtung State Prince Konkaeu Intraeng，s) fourth wife had two children: the eldest child was a boy Cau Saymong and a girl Cauang Canfong. These are the children of Nang^ Daeng, the fourth wife ” (§ 325， p. 278). We are indeed very fortunate to have thi& Cau Saymong or Sao Saimong Mangrai, as he appears here, translating the two chroni­ cles of the Pa<Jaeng Monastery and the Jengtung State. The rulers of the Shan States were feudal lords and these lords surrendered their rights and became ordinary citizens of the Union of Burma about ten years after Burma’s independence.
  • State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊

    State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊

    Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, March 2002 State Formation in the Shadow of the Raj: Violence, Warfare and Politics in Colonial Burma＊ Mary P. CALLAHAN＊＊ Normally, society is organized for life; the object of Leviathan was to organise it for production. J.S. Furnivall [1939: 124] Abstract This article examines the construction of the colonial security apparatus in Burma, within the broader British colonial project in eastern Asia. During the colonial period, the state in Burma was built by default, as no one in London or India ever mapped out a strategy for establishing governance in this outpost. Instead of sending in legal, commercial or police experts to establish law and order—the preconditions of the all-important commerce— Britain sent the Indian Army, which faced an intensity and landscape of guerilla resistance never anticipated. Early forays into the establishment of law and order increasingly became based on conceptions of the population as enemies to be pacified, rather than subjects to be incorporated into or even ignored by the newly defined political entity. The character of armed administration in colonial Burma had a disproportionate impact on how that popula- tion came to be regarded, treated, legalized and made into subjects of the Raj. Administra- tive simplifications along territorial and racial lines resulted in political, economic, and social boundaries that continue to divide the country today. Bureaucratic and security mech- anisms politicized violence along territorial and racial lines, creating “two Burmas” in the administrative and security arms of the state. Despite the “laissez-faire” proclamations of colonial state officials in Burma, this geographically and functionally limited state nonethe- less established durable administrative structures that precluded any significant integration throughout the territory for a century to come.
  • The Mediated City Conference: London 01 – 03 April, 2014

    The Mediated City Conference: London 01 – 03 April, 2014

    The Mediated City Conference: London 01 – 03 April, 2014 THE MEDIATED CITY – a multidisciplinary conferences examining “the city”…… a virtual, filmic, social, political and physical construct. CONFERENCE 1 Place: London Dates: 01 – 03 April 2014 Ravensbourne The nature of the city is a contested concept. For architects it is generally a question of bricks and mortar – a physical entity. For human geographers it is a place of human interaction and engagement. For filmmakers it is a site for action and futuristic nightmare. For animators and computer programmers it becomes a virtual world – a second life, a SIMulated city. For sociologists, it is a defining aspect of cultural identity. For political activists and theorists, it is a place to ‘occupy’ and the site of the polis. THE MEDIATED CITY conference offers a platform for multiple and diverse examinations of the city. It aims to bring people together from diverse backgrounds and fragment, multiply and reconfigure our readings of the city; to offer multiple and conflicting discipline perspectives. The intention is to share views of the city as physical entity, online community, film set, photographic backdrop, geographical map, sociological case study, political metaphor, digital or video game etc…. to examine it as a mediated and shared phenomenon. Journal: Architectecture_MPS; University: Ravensbourne, London Page | 1 The Mediated City Conference: London 01 – 03 April, 2014 "At Ravensbourne we help shape the future. We encourage our all our students to learn from the past, experiment in the present but always ask: what's next? We want you to discover what's next for you in your education, life, and career.
  • Textile Society of America Newsletter 27:2 — Fall 2015 Textile Society of America

    Textile Society of America Newsletter 27:2 — Fall 2015 Textile Society of America

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Newsletters Textile Society of America Fall 2015 Textile Society of America Newsletter 27:2 — Fall 2015 Textile Society of America Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsanews Part of the Art and Design Commons Textile Society of America, "Textile Society of America Newsletter 27:2 — Fall 2015" (2015). Textile Society of America Newsletters. 71. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsanews/71 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Newsletters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. VOLUME 27. NUMBER 2. FALL, 2015 Cover Image: Collaborative work by Pat Hickman and David Bacharach, Luminaria, 2015, steel, animal membrane, 17” x 23” x 21”, photo by George Potanovic, Jr. page 27 Fall 2015 1 Newsletter Team BOARD OF DIRECTORS Roxane Shaughnessy Editor-in-Chief: Wendy Weiss (TSA Board Member/Director of External Relations) President Designer and Editor: Tali Weinberg (Executive Director) [email protected] Member News Editor: Ellyane Hutchinson (Website Coordinator) International Report: Dominique Cardon (International Advisor to the Board) Vita Plume Vice President/President Elect Editorial Assistance: Roxane Shaughnessy (TSA President) and Vita Plume (Vice President) [email protected] Elena Phipps Our Mission Past President [email protected] The Textile Society of America is a 501(c)3 nonprofit that provides an international forum for the exchange and dissemination of textile knowledge from artistic, cultural, economic, historic, Maleyne Syracuse political, social, and technical perspectives.
  • Asho Daniel Tignor

    Asho Daniel Tignor

    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2018 A Phonology Of Hill (kone-Tu) Asho Daniel Tignor Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Tignor, Daniel, "A Phonology Of Hill (kone-Tu) Asho" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 2364. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2364 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PHONOLOGY OF HILL (KONE-TU) ASHO by Daniel Tignor Bachelor of Science, Harding University, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota August 2018 i PERMISSION Title A Phonology of Hill (Kone-Tu) Asho Department Linguistics Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
  • Neil Sowards

    Neil Sowards

    NEIL SOWARDS c 1 LIFE IN BURMA © Neil Sowards 2009 548 Home Avenue Fort Wayne, IN 46807-1606 (260) 745-3658 Illustrations by Mehm Than Oo 2 NEIL SOWARDS Dedicated to the wonderful people of Burma who have suffered for so many years of exploitation and oppression from their own leaders. While the United Nations and the nations of the world have made progress in protecting people from aggressive neighbors, much remains to be done to protect people from their own leaders. 3 LIFE IN BURMA 4 NEIL SOWARDS Contents Foreword 1. First Day at the Bazaar ........................................................................................................................ 9 2. The Water Festival ............................................................................................................................. 12 3. The Union Day Flag .......................................................................................................................... 17 4. Tasty Tagyis ......................................................................................................................................... 21 5. Water Cress ......................................................................................................................................... 24 6. Demonetization .................................................................................................................................. 26 7. Thanakha ............................................................................................................................................
  • 10. the Muslims of Burma by Moshe Yegar

    10. the Muslims of Burma by Moshe Yegar

    I ■เพ■■เ s CHR] F TEN RE f H E DES 'SODASXEN-INSTI ■ DER. 0NIVER^lSA<r HEIDELBERG f'iv' . I . ! • ’-■ ■ IIII HI ■ - 1 i M d S b l'E YEGAR If i A Study of a Minority Grouo SCHRIFTENREIHE DES St)DASIEN-INSTITUTS DER UNIVERSITAT HEIDELBERG Herausgegeben vom Siidasien-Institut der บทiversitat Heidelberg MOSHE YEGAR The Muslims of Burma A Study of a Minority Group 1972 OTTO HARRASSOWITZ - WIESBADEN THE MUSLIMS OF BURMA A Study of a Minority Group by MOSHE YEGAR 1972 OTTO HARR AS SO WITZ - WIESBADEN © Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1972 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Photographische und photomechanische Wiedergaben nur mit ausdriicklicher Genehmigung des Verlages Gesamtherstellung: Hessische Druckerei GmbH, Darmstadt Printed in Germany ISB N 3 447 01357 5 To Edna CONTENTS A bbreviations......................................................................................................................VIII In tro d u c tio n ...................................................................................................................... Acknowledgm ents............................................................................................................. ^ I. Muslims in Burma in the Days of the Kings The Beginnings of Muslim Settlement in the Irrawaddy V a lle y .......................1 Muslim Settlement in A r a k a n ..................................................................................... Why Burma Did Not Become Muslim ................................................................... II. Muslims in Burma During British Rule