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Home , Gastrosplenic ligament, Intervenous tubercle, Pararectal fossa, Third trochanter

Terms list for: Carnivore Gross and Radiographic Anatomy Plus Palpable Structures

Note: items shown in “small type” are less likely to appear lesser (r) on gross anatomy lab exams. Also note that some terms deltoid tuberosity (r) are followed by a letter: “P” for palpable/observable tricipital line structures and (for your convenience) “R” indicates brachialis groove most of the terms that are also on your radiology “To humeral condyle (r) Know” list. trochlea capitulum LABORATORY 1 (pp. 15-21) lateral & medial epicondyles (r) olecranon fossa Superficial structures supratrochlear foramen (r) umbilicus supracondylar foramen (cat) thoracic mammae (cranial & caudal) Radius abdominal mammae (cranial & caudal) head (r) inguinal mammae radial tuberosity costal arch ulnar notch superficial fascia & deep fascia medial styloid process (r) cutaneous trunci m. Ulna preputial muscle trochlear notch (r) skin (regional thickness differences) and pads (p) olecranon (pr) anconeal process (r) Thoracic limb: extrinsic muscles (mm.) medial coronoid processes (pr) & lateral (r) etc. lateral styloid process (r) superficial pectoral muscle (descending & transverse radial fossa/notch (r) parts) of the Carpus deep pectoral muscle proximal carpal bones: intermedioradial (radial (r)), ulnar brachiocephalicus m. (r) & accessory carpal bones (pr) clavicular intersection distal carpal bones:1, 2, 3, & 4 (r) cleidobrachialis m. Bones of the Metacarpus cleidocephalicus m. metacarpals: 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 (pr) pars cervicalis (cleidocervicalis m.) Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) (r) pars mastoideus (cleidomastoideus m.) ungual process (r) ungual crest (r) INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 6-15) extensor process proximal sesamoid bones Thoracic limb: bones dorsal (and palmar) sesamoid bones (r) Scapula (cranial/caudal borders, body, angles) (pr) neck LABORATORY 2 (pp. 22-25) spine (pr) supraspinous fossa (r) Ventral neck mm. & cervical deep fascia infraspinous fossa (r) sternocephalicus m. (mastoid & occipital parts) glenoid cavity sternohyoideus m. acromion process (pr) cat: hamate+suprahamate sternothyroideus m. serrated face superficial cervical lymph nodes (p) scapular notch deep fascia of the neck supraglenoid tubercle (r) carotid sheath coracoid process median raphe glenoid fossa (r) THORACIC LIMB EXTRINSIC MM. Clavicle (r) (cat; mineralized clavicular tendon in dog) omotransversarius m. trapezius m. (cervical & thoracic parts) (p) Humerus rhomboideus m. (p)(capitis, cervicis, and thoracis parts) head (r) latissimus dorsi m. (p) intertubercular groove (r) thoracolumbar (deep) fascia greater tubercle (pr) serratus ventralis m. (cervicis & thoracis parts)

1 LABORATORY 3 (pp. 26-31) INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 41-49)

Thoracic limb: intrinsic mm. etc. Pelvic limb: bones SHOULDER Os Coxae: deltoideus m. Ilium infraspinatus m. (p) with subtendinous bursa wing (p) teres minor m. body supraspinatus m. (p) iliac crest (p) subscapularis m. tuber coxae teres major m. tuber sacrale coracobrachialis m. greater ischiatic notch BRACHIUM Ischium tensor fasciae antebrachii m. ischiatic tuberosity (pr) triceps brachii m. (long, lateral, accessory, & medial ischiatic spine heads) lesser ischiatic notch anconeus m. ischiatic arch biceps brachii m. (p) Pubis transverse humeral retinaculum iliopubic eminence (r) brachialis m. pecten obturator foramen (r) LABORATORY 4 (pp. 31-41) Acetabulum fossa and notch (r) Thoracic limb: intrinsic mm. (conti.) ANTEBRACHIUM head (r) antebrachial (deep) fascia neck (r) extensor retinaculum greater (pr) flexor retinaculum (r) brachioradialis m. (cat, some dogs) third trochanter Extensor muscle group (p) (r) extensor carpi radialis m. (longus & brevis in cat) trochlea (ridges and groove) (r) common digital extensor m. medial & lateral condyles (pr) lateral digital extensor m. medial & lateral epicondyles (r) extensor carpi ulnaris = ulnaris lateralis m. extensor fossa supinator m. (r) pronator teres m. abductor digiti I longus (aka abductor pollicis longus or extensor carpi obliquus m.) medial & lateral condyles (p) Flexor muscle group (p) intercondyloid eminence (r) flexor carpi radialis m. tibial tuberosity (pr) superficial digital flexor m. medial (r) flexor carpi ulnaris m.(ulnar & humeral heads) Popliteal sesamoid (r) deep digital flexor m.(humeral, ulnar, radial heads) (head of (pr)) pronator quadratus m. lateral malleolus (r) carpal canal (p) Tarsal Bones palmar annular Proximal row: (pr), tuber calcanei (p) with digital annular (proximal & distal) sustentaculum tali, talus (pr) with trochlea. MANUS Distal tarsal bones: 1, 2, 3, 4 & central tarsal (r). interosseus mm. dorsal elastic ligaments (paired in dog) Phalanges (r): ungual process (r), UNGUAL CREST (r), dorsal and plantar lateral elastic ligament (cat) sesamoid bones (r). Thoracic limb: joints shoulder (scapulohumeral) joint (pr) elbow joint (humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar) (pr) lateral & medial collateral ligaments interosseous ligament carpal joints (radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal) (pr) metacarpophalangeal joint (pr) proximal interphalangeal joint (pr) distal interphalangeal joint (pr)

2 LABORATORY 5 (pp. 50-59) LABORATORY 7 (pp. 63-75)

Pelvic limb: mm. etc. Pelvic limb: mm. (conti.) superficial & deep gluteal fascia CAUDAL LEG sacrotuberous ligament (absent in cat) gastrocnemius m. thoracolumbar (deep) fascia soleus m. (cat) fascia lata caudal tibial m. (cat) femoral triangle superficial digital flexor m. popliteal lymph node (p) common calcanean tendon THIGH calcaneal bursa biceps femoris m. deep digital flexor m.: lateral digital flexor m. & medial (caudal crural abductor m.) digital flexor m. semitendinosus m. (p) flexor retinaculum semimembranosus m. (p) popliteus m. with sesamoid in tendon of origin sartorius m. (cranial & caudal parts in dog) gracilis m. Pelvic limb: joints symphysial tendon symphysis (r) pectineus m. sacroiliac joint adductor m.(brevis & longus parts-more distinct in cat) sacrotuberous ligament (absent in cat) RUMP hip joint (coxafemoral) (pr) gluteofemoralis (caudofemoralis) m. (cat) ligament of the tensor fasciae latae m.(cranial & caudal parts esp. dog) transverse acetabular ligament superficial gluteal m. acetabular lip middle gluteal m. stifle joint (femorotibial, femoropatellar) (pr) piriformis m. patella/patellar ligament (p) deep gluteal m. meniscus (lateral & medial menisci) articularis coxae m. collateral ligaments (medial & lateral) (p) cruciate ligaments (cranial & caudal) LABORATORY 6 (pp. 59-63) tarsal joint (tibiotarsal, proximal intertarsal, distal intertarsal, tarsometatarsal) (pr) metatarsophalangeal (pr) Pelvic limb: mm. (conti.) interphalangeal (proximal, distal) (pr) CAUDAL HIP internal obturator m. INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 75-79) gemelli mm. Vertebral column: bones quadratus femoris m. external obturator m. vertebra CRANIAL THIGH body (r) quadriceps femoris m.: rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis vertebral arch m., vastus intermedius m. & vastus medialis m. pedicles (r) (patella & patellar ligament) laminae (r) iliopsoas m. vertebral foramen (forms vertebral canal) psoas major m. processes iliacus m. spinous process or spine (r) CRUS transverse processes (r) superficial fascia vertebral endplate (r) deep crural fascia articular processes(cranial, caudal articular facets)(r) crural extensor retinaculum intervertebral foramina (r) tarsal extensor retinaculum intervertebral disc space (r) CRANIOLATERAL LEG spinal canal (r) cranial tibial m. Cervical Vertebrae long digital extensor m. atlas (C1) (r) peroneus longus m. wing of atlas (p) lateral digital extensor m. transverse foramina

peroneus brevis m. lateral vertebral foramina (spinal n. C1 exits) axis (C2) (r) spine of axis (p) dens (r) C6 (r)

3 Thoracic Vertebrae biventer cervicis m. spine (spinous process) (p) complexus m.

anticlinal vertebra (T11) (r) supraspinous ligament accessory process (r) nuchal ligament mamillary process Lumbar Vertebrae Neck: nerves and vessels (pp. 94-97) Diaphragmatic crura attachment pts. (r) second cervical nerve (ventral branch) Sacrum (r) great auricular nerve median sacral crest transverse cervical nerve wing external jugular vein (p) promontory mandibular lymph nodes (p) Caudal Vertebrae medial retropharyngeal lymph node Ribs superficial cervical lymph nodes (p) head, tuberculum, neck, body (r) accessory (eleventh) cranial nerve costal cartilages (costochondral junction) (pr) ventral branches of cervical nerves 3,4,5 costal arch vagosympathetic nerve trunk Sternum sternebrae INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 89-92) manubrium (pr) xiphoid process (pr) Vertebral column: joints Vertebral Joints LABORATORY 8 (pp. 81-87) atlanto-occipital joint atlantoaxial joint (r) Trunk and neck: hypaxial mm. etc. transverse ligament of the atlas longus capitis m. dorsal atlantoaxial ligament longus colli m. intervertebral disks scalenus m. anulus (annulus) fibrosus serratus ventralis m. nucleus pulposus serratus dorsalis mm. (cranialis & caudalis) ventral longitudinal ligament external intercostal m. dorsal longitudinal ligament internal intercostal m. yellow ligaments Ribs linea alba (p) intercapital ligament external abdominal oblique m. inguinal ligament (adjacent to the vascular lacuna) LABORATORY 10 (pp. 97-103) internal abdominal oblique m. cremaster m. (male dog; usually not in cat) Thorax transversus abdominis m. THORACIC INLET, INTERCOSTAL SPACES, BEAT (p) rectus abdominis m. (p) dorsal & ventral intercostal aa. Inguinal Canal intercostal nn. superficial inguinal ring cranial & caudal thoracic mammae deep inguinal ring axilla vaginal process (female) axillary lymph node vaginal tunics (of vaginal process) covering spermatic lateral thoracic artery, vein, nerve cord (male) cranial epigastric artery cranial superficial epigastric artery LABORATORY 9 (pp. 87-88, 94-97) pleurae: (pleural space (r)) pulmonary (visceral) Trunk and neck: epaxial mm. etc. parietal Iliocostalis System costal iliocostalis lumborum mm. mediastinal iliocostalis thoracis mm. pericardial mediastinal pleura Longissimus System plica longissimus thoracis et lumborum diaphragmatic longissimus cervicis pulmonary ligament (caudal to root of lung) longissimus capitis mediastinum (contents of (r)) Transversospinalis System thymus splenius m. internal thoracic artery semispinalis capitis m. musculophrenic artery 4 LABORATORY 11 (pp. 103-109) efferent axons (travel in ventral root) visceral efferent (vs. somatic efferent) Lungs (r) preganglionic neuron left lung autonomic ganglion cranial lobe (cranial & caudal parts) postganglionic neuron caudal lobe aortic impression right lung LABORATORY 12 (pp. 114-119) cranial lobe cardiac notch Nerves and ganglia middle lobe cervicothoracic ganglion caudal lobe & vertebral nerve accessory lobe ansa subclavia principal (mainstem) bronchi middle cervical ganglion carina cardiac nerves lobar bronchi vagosympathetic trunk tracheobronchial lymph nodes cranial cervical ganglion vagus nerve (dorsal and ventral branches) Thorax: vessels cranial to the heart left & right recurrent laryngeal nerves cranial vena cava (r) caudal laryngeal nerve brachiocephalic vein dorsal & ventral vagal trunks external jugular vein subclavian vein Heart and azygos vein fibrous pericardium thoracic duct phrenicopericardial ligament cisterna chyli serous (membrane) pericardium tracheal ducts parietal pericardium (r): visceral pericardium (epicardium) ascending aorta auricular (left) & atrial (right ) surfaces of heart aortic arch coronary groove descending aorta subsinuosal interventricular groove (right & left) paraconal interventricular groove brachiocephalic trunk right (r) left common carotid a. sinus venarum right common carotid a. right subclavian a. intervenous tubercle left subclavian a. vertebral artery crista terminalis costocervical trunk right auricle superficial cervical artery internal thoracic artery caudal vena cava (r) coronary sinus Thoracic aorta: branches cranial vena cava (dorsal) intercostal arteries left & right atrioventricular orifices bronchoesophageal a. esophageal aa. left & right atrioventricular valves bronchial aa. (parietal & septal cusps) phrenic nerve right (r) INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 109-114) papillary muscles Autonomic Nervous System trabecula septomarginalis Central Nervous System conus arteriosus brain pulmonary trunk (r) spinal cord ligamentum arteriosum (fetal ductus arteriosus) Peripheral Nervous System lobar pulmonary aa. (r) cranial nerves lobar pulmonary vv. (r) spinal nerves left atrium (r) afferent axons (travel in dorsal root) left auricle 5 left ventricle (r) common interosseous a. (absent in cat) (aortic root region (r)) ulnar a. semilunar cusps caudal interosseous a. fibrous nodule cranial interosseous a. left coronary artery median a. (small in cat) circumflex branch deep antebrachial a. paraconal interventricular branch superficial palmar arch right coronary artery palmar common digital aa. great cardiac vein RADIAL A. (LARGE IN CAT) coronary sinus Thoracic limb: nerves (conti.) LABORATORY 13 (pp. 119-129) ANTERBRACHIUM AND MANUS radial n. (p) (superficial cervical lymph nodes (p)) deep & superficial branches Thoracic limb: arteries median n. subclavian a. ulnar n. (p) superficial cervical artery caudal cutaneous antebracheal n. axillary artery dorsal & palmar branches external thoracic a. lateral thoracic a. LABORATORY 15 (pp. 138-143) subscapular a. thoracodorsal a. Abdominal wall: ventral and lateral caudal circumflex humeral a. external pudendal a. cranial circumflex humeral a. caudal superficial epigastric artery brachial artery cranial labial/scrotal a. deep brachial a. superficial inguinal lymph nodes (p) bicipital a cranial abdominal a. collateral ulnar a. deep circumflex iliac a. & v. superficial brachial a. lumbar spinal nn. (ventral branches) cranial superficial antebrachial a. cranial iliohypogastric n. (L1) transverse cubital a. caudal iliohypogastric n. (L2) ilioinguinal n. (L3) Thoracic limb: nerves lateral cutaneous femoral n. (from L4) SCAPULA AND BRACHIUM INGUINAL STRUCTURES Brachial Plexus inguinal canal cranial pectoral nn. external pudendal a. & v. suprascapular n. genitofemoral nerve subscapular n. spermatic cord or vaginal process musculocutaneous n. medial cutaneous antebrachial n. Male axillary n. spermatic cord cranial lateral cutaneous brachial n. spermatic fascia (external & internal) thoracodorsal n. cremaster muscle (dog; usually absent in cat) radial n. vaginal process median n. parietal & visceral vaginal tunics ulnar n. mesorchium mesoductus deferens LABORATORY 14 (pp. 129-135) ductus deferens deferent artery/vein Thoracic limb: vessels (conti.) testicular artery/vein cephalic v. pampiniform (venous) plexus accessory cephalic v. testis (p) median cubital v. epididymis (p) (head, body, tail) axillobrachial v. ligament of the tail of the epididymis omobrachial v. (absent in cat) proper ligament of the testis FOREARM AND PAW: scrotum (p) brachial a. (continued) Female vaginal process (contains fat & round ligament of ) 6 LARGE INTESTINE LABORATORY 16 (pp. 143-155) cecum (r) Abdominal and peritoneal cavities cecocolic orifice transversalis fascia colon (r) (ascending, transverse & descending (p)) parietal & visceral right & left colic flexures (fat filled) (r) (r) round ligament of the median ligament of the bladder LABORATORY 17 (pp. 155-163) vaginal ring Abdominal viscera (conti.) deep inguinal ring pancreas (r) (left lobe, body, & right lobe) ductus deferens pancreatic duct caudal epigastric a. & v. accessory pancreatic duct Abdominal viscera major & minor duodenal papillae adrenal glands (right & left) (r) omental bursa kidneys (left) (pr)/and right (r) (p) hilus uterus (p) (cervix, body, uterine horns) renal cortex (pr) renal medulla pyramids diaphragm renal crest tendinous center arcuate branches (of renal vessels) lumbar part(left crus & right crus (r)) renal sinus costal part ureter sternal part renal pelvis cupula (r) pelvic recesses aortic hiatus (r) esophageal hiatus proper ligament of the caval foramen uterine tube liver (r) infundibulum right medial & lateral lobes abdominal ostium quadrate lobe tuberouterine junction left medial & lateral lobes uterus (r) (cervix, body, uterine horns) caudate lobe broad ligament of the uterus caudate process (with renal impression) papillary process suspensory ligament of the ovary hepatic ducts gall bladder ovarian bursa cystic duct bile duct round ligament of the uterus stomach (r) Peritoneum cardiac part (r) parietal & visceral peritoneum fundus (r) CONNECTING PERITONEUM: body (r) lesser omentum pyloric part (r) pyloric antrum (r) greater omentum pyloric canal omental bursa pylorus epiploic foramen greater & lesser curvatures mesoduodenum SMALL INTESTINE (pr) duodenocolic fold duodenum (mesojejunoileum) cranial duodenal flexure root of the mesentery descending part mesocolon caudal duodenal flexure (ascending, transverse, descending) ascending part LIGAMENTS OF THE LIVER: duodenojejunal flexure right triangular ligament jejunum left triangular ligament mesenteric lymph nodes ileum falciform ligament ileal orifice (ileocolic orifice) umbilical v. remnant (round lig. of the liver) 7 Abdominal viscera: nerves Pelvic Viscera, Vessels, & Nerves right & left vagus nerves pelvic diaphragm: dorsal & ventral branches levator ani m. dorsal & ventral vagal trunks coccygeus m. branch to celiacomesenteric plexus (celiac br.) pelvic nerve & pelvic plexus sympathetic trunk EXTENSIONS OF : major splanchnic n. minor splanchnic n. rectogenital pouch lumbar splanchnic nerves vesicogenital pouch celiacomesenteric plexus & ganglia: pubovesical pouch celiac plexus right & left celiac ganglia LABORATORY 19 (pp. 173-185) cranial mesenteric plexus cranial mesenteric ganglion Pelvic vessels caudal mesenteric plexus & ganglion TERMINAL BRANCHES OF AORTA: right & left hypogastric nerves median sacral artery external iliac artery (enters vascular lacuna) LABORATORY 18 (pp. 164-172) internal iliac artery umbilical artery Abdominal aorta: branches internal pudendal artery lumbar arteries vaginal a. / prostatic a. celiac artery uterine a. / a. of ductus deferens hepatic a. caudal vesical artery cystic artery middle rectal artery right gastric a. ventral perineal a. gastroduodenal a. caudal rectal a. right gastroepiploic a. artery of the penis (clitoris) cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. artery of the bulb of the penis left gastric a. deep artery of the penis esophageal branches dorsal artery of the penis splenic artery left gastroepiploic a. (aa.) Pelvic viscera pancreatic branches urinary bladder (r) cranial mesenteric artery trigone of the bladder common trunk (dog) median ligament of the bladder middle colic a. lateral ligaments of the bladder right colic a. urethral muscle (urethralis m.) ileocolic artery rectum mesenteric ileal branch anal canal colic branch columnar zone (has anal columns) cecal artery anocutaneous line (intermediate zone) antimesenteric ileal branch cutaneous zone (p) caudal pancreaticoduodenal a. anal sac (paranal sinus) - opening (p) jejunal aa. anus ileal aa. internal anal sphincter m. (smooth) common trunk (phrenicoabdominal a.) external anal sphincter m. (striated) cranial abdominal artery rectococcygeus muscle caudal phrenic a. Male genitalia renal arteries prostate gland (r) ovarian a. / testicular a. in mesorchium urethra caudal mesenteric artery pelvic part left colic artery prostatic part cranial rectal artery urethral crest deep circumflex iliac artery colliculus seminalis Portal Vein (post-prostatic part—covered by urethralis m.) gastroduodenal vein penile part splenic vein prepuce left gastric vein preputial orifice cranial & caudal mesenteric veins fornix of the prepuce 8 retractor penis muscle Pelvic limb: superficial veins penis (root, body, & free part) (p) medial saphenous v. (feline venipucture site) corpus cavernosum penis (paired) lateral saphenous v. tunica albuginea cranial branch (canine venipucture site) crus (at root of penis) ischiocavernosus m. (covers crus) LABORATORY 21 (pp. 195-204) corpus spongiosum penis bulb of the penis (p) Pelvic limb: nerves bulbospongiosus muscle (covers bulb) Lumbosacral Plexus: glans obturator nerve pars bulbus glandis femoral nerve pars longa glandis saphenous nerve os penis pudendal nerve urethral groove caudal rectal nerve bulbourethral glands (cat) perineal nerves dorsal nerve of the penis Female genitalia caudal cutaneous femoral nerve cervix of uterus lumbosacral trunk cervical canal caudal gluteal nerve internal uterine ostium (uterine body opening) cranial gluteal nerve external uterine ostium (vaginal opening) sciatic nerve vagina common peroneal nerve fornix lateral cutaneous sural nerve vestibule superficial peroneal n. urethral tubercle deep peroneal n urethral opening dorsal digital nn. vestibular bulbs tibial n. fossa clitoridis (p) caudal cutaneous sural nerve clitoris plantar digital nn. vulva (p) labia Pes: arteries rima pudendi (vulval cleft) dorsal pedal artery dorsal & ventral commissures arcuate a. dorsal metatarsal aa. LABORATORY 20 (pp. 186-195) perforating branch plantar digital aa. Pelvic limb: arteries caudal gluteal a. (branch of internal iliac a.) INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 209-224) cranial gluteal a. [& nerve] iliolumbar a. Skull bones external iliac a. (to level of vascular lacuna) deep femoral artery CRANIUM AND CRANIAL CAVITY: pudendoepigastric trunk caudal epigastric a. calvaria (r) external pudendal a. frontal bone (p) medial circumflex femoral a. frontal sinus (r) deep & transverse branches parietal bone femoral triangle (p) sagittal crest (some breeds) (p) femoral a. (begins at level of vascular lacuna) - pulse (p) temporal lines superficial circumflex iliac a. temporal fossa lateral circumflex femoral a. tentorium osseum proximal caudal femoral a. occipital bone saphenous a. (p) occipital condyles (r) cranial & caudal branches - pulse (p) foramen magnum descending genicular a. paracondylar process middle caudal femoral a. external occipital protuberance (pr) distal caudal femoral a. nuchal crest (p) popliteal a. hypoglossal canal cranial tibial a. jugular foramen 9 temporal bone as per radiology “To Know” list - be able to Identify: enamel, pulp canal, periodontal zygomatic process ligament, lamina dental, etc zygomatic arch (pr) petrosal part (r)(contains inner ear) LABORATORY 22 (pp. 225-235) internal acoutic meatus tympanic bulla (r) Head: superficial structures external acoustic meatus philtrum (p) mastoid process platysma m. stylomastoid foramen orbicularis oris m. basisphenoid bone buccinator m. alar canal levator nasolabialis m. hypohyseal fossa superior & inferior palpebrae round foramen palpebral fissure oval foramen medial & lateral palpebral commissures (p) presphenoid bone orbicularis oculi m. ethmoid bone retractor anguli oculi m. cribriform plate (r) levator palpebrae superioris m. conjunctival sac FACE: palpebral conjunctiva (p) bulbar conjunctiva (p) incisive bone (p) fornix nasal bone (p) lacrimal caruncle nasal cavity: lacrimal puncta (dorsal & ventral) (p) nasal aperture lacrimal duct nasal septum (vomer: osseous nasal septum (r)) lacrimal sac nasal conchae (turbinates) (r) (dorsal & ventral) nasolacrimal duct ethymoidal (conchae) labyrinth plica semilunaris (third eyelid) (margin (p)) nasal meati (dorsal, middle, ventral, common) superficial gland of the third eyelid (difficult to see) orbit rostral auricular muscles orbital margin scutiform cartilage orbital ligament caudal auricular muscles orbital fissure optic canal Oral cavity, tongue & salivary glands fossa for the lacrimal sac LIPS (p) pterygopalatine fossa foramina (caudal palatine; sphenopalatine; maxillary) vestibule (p) maxilla (maxillary bone) (p) parotid & zygomatic duct openings maxillary recess (sinus) oral cavity proper infraorbital canal (foramen (p)) tongue (p) (root, body, apex) maxillary foramen papillae: infraorbital (filiform, foramen conical, hard palate (r) fungiform, foliate & vallate) palatine fissures (r) lingual frenulum (p) major & minor palatine foramina lingual vein (p) mandible (pr) lyssa body (pr) sublingual caruncle (p) ramus (r) sublingual fold coronoid process (pr) mandibular salivary duct mandibular foramen & canal major sublingual salivary duct mental foramina (p) mandibular salivary gland (p) mandibular symphysis sublingual salivary gland (monostomatic gland) condylar process (r) parotid salivary gland temporomandibular joint (pr) parotid duct (opening (p)) angular process (pr) buccal salivary gland (cat only) hyoid apparatus (stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid, palate (pr) basihyoid, and thyrohyoid) (r) incisive papilla & duct teeth – crown; neck; shearing type (p) vomeronasal organ (difficult to see) incisor, canine, premolar (PM4: carnassial tooth in maxilla), molar (M1: carnassial tooth in mandible) (r) alveolus 10 Pharynx Lingual mm. oropharynx (r) styloglossus m. palatoglossal arch (p) hyoglossus m. palatine tonsil (p) genioglossus m. semilunar fold Hyoid mm. nasopharynx (r) sternohyoideus m. palatopharyngeal arch thyrohyoideus m. auditory tube mylohyoideus m. laryngopharynx geniohyoideus m. pharyngoesophageal limen (border) Pharyngeal mm. LABORATORY 24 (pp. 241-246) cricopharyngeus m. thyropharyngeus m. Eye etc. hyopharyngeus m. orbit periorbita LABORATORY 23 (pp. 235-241) lacrimal gland superficial gland of the third eyelid Larynx (pr) epiglottic cartilage (epiglottis) (pr) MUSCLES: aryepiglottic fold levator palpebrae superioris m. thyroid cartilage (p) rectus muscles (dorsal, ventral, medial, & lateral) rostral cornu & caudal cornu retractor bulbi m. caudal thyroid incisure ventral oblique m. cricoid cartilage (p) dorsal oblique m. cricothyroid ligament trochlea arytenoid cartilage vocal process EYEBALL: muscular, corniculate & cuneiform processes bulbus oculi (eyeball) vestibular fold EXTERNAL FIBROUS COAT laryngeal ventricle (absent in cat) cornea (p) glottis sclera (p) vocal fold (cat: vocal ridge) limbus (corneoscleral junction) vocal ligament MIDDLE VASCULAR COAT (UVEA) vocalis muscle iris (p) vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages pupil (p) rima glottidis (glottis cleft) choroid Larynx: intrinsic mm. tapetum lucidum cricothyroid m. ciliary body cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m. ciliary processes cricoarytenoideus lateralis m. zonule (zonular fibers) thyroarytenoideus m. lens vocalis m. anterior (p) & posterior chambers aqueous humor Ear: external vitreous chamber auricle (pinna) vitreous body auricular cartilage INTERNAL COAT (RETINA) marginal cutaneous sac ora serrata helix, tragus, incisures, etc optic disc external ear canal (r) fundus annular cartilage Head: superficial veins Mastication mm. external jugular vein temporalis m. (temporal m.) (p) linguofacial vein masseter m. (p) lingual vein medial & lateral pterygoid mm. facial vein digastricus m. dorsal nasal v. angularis oculi v. zygomatic salivary gland maxillary vein

11 LABORATORY 25 (pp. 246-256 & 259-260) Head: nerves Head: arteries facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) common carotid artery (pulse (p)) caudal auricular branches caudal & cranial thyroid arteries ventral buccal n. internal carotid artery (cat: partially absent) dorsal buccal n. carotid sinus auriculopalpebral nerve external carotid artery rostral auricular branches occipital artery palpebral branches cranial laryngeal artery mandibular n. (branch of trigeminal nerve (V)) lingual artery auriculotemporal nerve facial a. buccal n. sublingual a. lingual n. caudal auricular a. inferior alveolar n. superficial temporal a. mylohyoid n. maxillary a. maxillary n. (branch of trigeminal nerve (V)) inferior alveolar a. infraorbital n. – p. 259 caudal deep temporal a. vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) – p. 260 middle meningeal a. cranial laryngeal n. external ophthalmic a. caudal (recurrent) laryngeal n. palatine aa. cervical sympathetic trunk infraorbital a. cranial cervical ganglion – p. 259 hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) – p. 260 INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 256-260) Cervical structures thyroid gland (p) READ - NEED NOT DISSECT!! external & internal parathyroid glands esophagus (r) Cranial Nerves: pharyngoesophageal limen I. Olfactory n. trachea (pr) II. Optic n. tracheal cartilages III. Oculomotor n. medial retropharyngeal lymph node (p) ciliary ganglion IV. Trochlear n. V. Trigeminal n. ophthalmic n. frontal, infratrochlear, ciliary, & ethmoidal nn. maxillary n. zygomatic n. infraorbital n. superior alveolar branches mandibular n. VI. Abducent n. VII. Facial n. pterygopalatine ganglion & nerve VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. IX. Glossopharyngeal n. pharyngeal plexus X. Vagus n. proximal & distal (sensory) ganglia cranial laryngeal n. caudal laryngeal n. (recurrent laryngeal n.) XI. Accessory n. XII. Hypoglossal n.

version: 8/2011

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