Terms list for: Carnivore Gross Anatomy and Radiographic Anatomy Plus Palpable Structures Note: items shown in “small type” are less likely to appear lesser tubercle (r) on gross anatomy lab exams. Also note that some terms deltoid tuberosity (r) are followed by a letter: “P” for palpable/observable tricipital line structures and (for your convenience) “R” indicates brachialis groove most of the terms that are also on your radiology “To humeral condyle (r) Know” list. trochlea capitulum LABORATORY 1 (pp. 15-21) lateral & medial epicondyles (r) olecranon fossa Superficial structures supratrochlear foramen (r) umbilicus supracondylar foramen (cat) thoracic mammae (cranial & caudal) Radius abdominal mammae (cranial & caudal) head (r) inguinal mammae radial tuberosity costal arch ulnar notch superficial fascia & deep fascia medial styloid process (r) cutaneous trunci m. Ulna preputial muscle trochlear notch (r) skin (regional thickness differences) and foot pads (p) olecranon (pr) anconeal process (r) Thoracic limb: extrinsic muscles (mm.) medial coronoid processes (pr) & lateral (r) etc. lateral styloid process (r) superficial pectoral muscle (descending & transverse radial fossa/notch (r) parts) Bones of the Carpus deep pectoral muscle proximal carpal bones: intermedioradial (radial (r)), ulnar brachiocephalicus m. (r) & accessory carpal bones (pr) clavicular intersection distal carpal bones:1, 2, 3, & 4 (r) cleidobrachialis m. Bones of the Metacarpus cleidocephalicus m. metacarpals: 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 (pr) pars cervicalis (cleidocervicalis m.) Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal) (r) pars mastoideus (cleidomastoideus m.) ungual process (r) ungual crest (r) INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 6-15) extensor process proximal sesamoid bones Thoracic limb: bones dorsal (and palmar) sesamoid bones (r) Scapula (cranial/caudal borders, body, angles) (pr) neck LABORATORY 2 (pp. 22-25) spine (pr) supraspinous fossa (r) Ventral neck mm. & cervical deep fascia infraspinous fossa (r) sternocephalicus m. (mastoid & occipital parts) glenoid cavity sternohyoideus m. acromion process (pr) cat: hamate+suprahamate sternothyroideus m. serrated face superficial cervical lymph nodes (p) scapular notch deep fascia of the neck supraglenoid tubercle (r) carotid sheath coracoid process median raphe glenoid fossa (r) THORACIC LIMB EXTRINSIC MM. Clavicle (r) (cat; mineralized clavicular tendon in dog) omotransversarius m. trapezius m. (cervical & thoracic parts) (p) Humerus rhomboideus m. (p)(capitis, cervicis, and thoracis parts) head (r) latissimus dorsi m. (p) intertubercular groove (r) thoracolumbar (deep) fascia greater tubercle (pr) serratus ventralis m. (cervicis & thoracis parts) 1 LABORATORY 3 (pp. 26-31) INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 41-49) Thoracic limb: intrinsic mm. etc. Pelvic limb: bones SHOULDER Os Coxae: deltoideus m. Ilium infraspinatus m. (p) with subtendinous bursa wing (p) teres minor m. body supraspinatus m. (p) iliac crest (p) subscapularis m. tuber coxae teres major m. tuber sacrale coracobrachialis m. greater ischiatic notch BRACHIUM Ischium tensor fasciae antebrachii m. ischiatic tuberosity (pr) triceps brachii m. (long, lateral, accessory, & medial ischiatic spine heads) lesser ischiatic notch anconeus m. ischiatic arch biceps brachii m. (p) Pubis transverse humeral retinaculum iliopubic eminence (r) brachialis m. pecten obturator foramen (r) LABORATORY 4 (pp. 31-41) Acetabulum fossa and notch (r) Thoracic limb: intrinsic mm. (conti.) Femur ANTEBRACHIUM head (r) antebrachial (deep) fascia neck (r) extensor retinaculum greater trochanter (pr) flexor retinaculum lesser trochanter (r) brachioradialis m. (cat, some dogs) third trochanter Extensor muscle group (p) trochanteric fossa (r) extensor carpi radialis m. (longus & brevis in cat) trochlea (ridges and groove) (r) common digital extensor m. medial & lateral condyles (pr) lateral digital extensor m. medial & lateral epicondyles (r) extensor carpi ulnaris = ulnaris lateralis m. extensor fossa supinator m. Patella (r) pronator teres m. Tibia abductor digiti I longus (aka abductor pollicis longus or extensor carpi obliquus m.) medial & lateral condyles (p) Flexor muscle group (p) intercondyloid eminence (r) flexor carpi radialis m. tibial tuberosity (pr) superficial digital flexor m. medial malleolus (r) flexor carpi ulnaris m.(ulnar & humeral heads) Popliteal sesamoid (r) deep digital flexor m.(humeral, ulnar, radial heads) Fibula (head of (pr)) pronator quadratus m. lateral malleolus (r) carpal canal (p) Tarsal Bones palmar annular ligament Proximal row: calcaneus (pr), tuber calcanei (p) with digital annular ligaments (proximal & distal) sustentaculum tali, talus (pr) with trochlea. MANUS Distal tarsal bones: 1, 2, 3, 4 & central tarsal bone (r). interosseus mm. Metatarsal bones dorsal elastic ligaments (paired in dog) Phalanges (r): ungual process (r), UNGUAL CREST (r), dorsal and plantar lateral elastic ligament (cat) sesamoid bones (r). Thoracic limb: joints shoulder (scapulohumeral) joint (pr) elbow joint (humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar) (pr) lateral & medial collateral ligaments interosseous ligament carpal joints (radiocarpal, intercarpal, carpometacarpal) (pr) metacarpophalangeal joint (pr) proximal interphalangeal joint (pr) distal interphalangeal joint (pr) 2 LABORATORY 5 (pp. 50-59) LABORATORY 7 (pp. 63-75) Pelvic limb: mm. etc. Pelvic limb: mm. (conti.) superficial & deep gluteal fascia CAUDAL LEG sacrotuberous ligament (absent in cat) gastrocnemius m. thoracolumbar (deep) fascia soleus m. (cat) fascia lata caudal tibial m. (cat) femoral triangle superficial digital flexor m. popliteal lymph node (p) common calcanean tendon THIGH calcaneal bursa biceps femoris m. deep digital flexor m.: lateral digital flexor m. & medial (caudal crural abductor m.) digital flexor m. semitendinosus m. (p) flexor retinaculum semimembranosus m. (p) popliteus m. with sesamoid in tendon of origin sartorius m. (cranial & caudal parts in dog) gracilis m. Pelvic limb: joints symphysial tendon symphysis pelvis (r) pectineus m. sacroiliac joint adductor m.(brevis & longus parts-more distinct in cat) sacrotuberous ligament (absent in cat) RUMP hip joint (coxafemoral) (pr) gluteofemoralis (caudofemoralis) m. (cat) ligament of the femoral head tensor fasciae latae m.(cranial & caudal parts esp. dog) transverse acetabular ligament superficial gluteal m. acetabular lip middle gluteal m. stifle joint (femorotibial, femoropatellar) (pr) piriformis m. patella/patellar ligament (p) deep gluteal m. meniscus (lateral & medial menisci) articularis coxae m. collateral ligaments (medial & lateral) (p) cruciate ligaments (cranial & caudal) LABORATORY 6 (pp. 59-63) tarsal joint (tibiotarsal, proximal intertarsal, distal intertarsal, tarsometatarsal) (pr) metatarsophalangeal (pr) Pelvic limb: mm. (conti.) interphalangeal (proximal, distal) (pr) CAUDAL HIP internal obturator m. INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 75-79) gemelli mm. Vertebral column: bones quadratus femoris m. external obturator m. vertebra CRANIAL THIGH body (r) quadriceps femoris m.: rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis vertebral arch m., vastus intermedius m. & vastus medialis m. pedicles (r) (patella & patellar ligament) laminae (r) iliopsoas m. vertebral foramen (forms vertebral canal) psoas major m. processes iliacus m. spinous process or spine (r) CRUS transverse processes (r) superficial fascia vertebral endplate (r) deep crural fascia articular processes(cranial, caudal articular facets)(r) crural extensor retinaculum intervertebral foramina (r) tarsal extensor retinaculum intervertebral disc space (r) CRANIOLATERAL LEG spinal canal (r) cranial tibial m. Cervical Vertebrae long digital extensor m. atlas (C1) (r) peroneus longus m. wing of atlas (p) lateral digital extensor m. transverse foramina peroneus brevis m. lateral vertebral foramina (spinal n. C1 exits) axis (C2) (r) spine of axis (p) dens (r) C6 (r) 3 Thoracic Vertebrae biventer cervicis m. spine (spinous process) (p) complexus m. anticlinal vertebra (T11) (r) supraspinous ligament accessory process (r) nuchal ligament mamillary process Lumbar Vertebrae Neck: nerves and vessels (pp. 94-97) Diaphragmatic crura attachment pts. (r) second cervical nerve (ventral branch) Sacrum (r) great auricular nerve median sacral crest transverse cervical nerve wing external jugular vein (p) promontory mandibular lymph nodes (p) Caudal Vertebrae medial retropharyngeal lymph node Ribs superficial cervical lymph nodes (p) head, tuberculum, neck, body (r) accessory (eleventh) cranial nerve costal cartilages (costochondral junction) (pr) ventral branches of cervical nerves 3,4,5 costal arch vagosympathetic nerve trunk Sternum sternebrae INDEPENDENT STUDY (pp. 89-92) manubrium (pr) xiphoid process (pr) Vertebral column: joints Vertebral Joints LABORATORY 8 (pp. 81-87) atlanto-occipital joint atlantoaxial joint (r) Trunk and neck: hypaxial mm. etc. transverse ligament of the atlas longus capitis m. dorsal atlantoaxial ligament longus colli m. intervertebral disks scalenus m. anulus (annulus) fibrosus serratus ventralis m. nucleus pulposus serratus dorsalis mm. (cranialis & caudalis) ventral longitudinal ligament external intercostal m. dorsal longitudinal ligament internal intercostal m. yellow ligaments Abdominal Wall Ribs linea alba (p) intercapital ligament external abdominal oblique m. inguinal ligament (adjacent to the vascular lacuna) LABORATORY 10 (pp. 97-103) internal abdominal oblique m. cremaster m. (male dog; usually not in cat) Thorax transversus abdominis m. THORACIC INLET, INTERCOSTAL SPACES, HEART BEAT (p)