Notes and References Chapter 1: The Coming of Islam On the role of Muslims in Southeast Asia early in the Islamic era, see Nakahara, 'Muslim merchants in Nan-Hai', The contemporaneous evidence for Islamisation is described in Damais, 'L'epigraphie musulmane dans Ie Sud-Est Asiatique', with references to previous literature; see also Damais, 'Etudes javanaises, I: Les tombes musulmanes datees de Triliji'; Chen, 'Une pierre tombale retrouvee a Brunei'; and de Casparis, 'Ahmat Majanu's tombstone', Chinese records are translated in Rockhill, 'Notes on the relations and trade of China with the the eastern archipelago'; Groenveldt, Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca; and Ma Huan, Ying-yai sheng-lan, On Marco Polo's account see Jack-Hinton, 'Marco Polo in South- East Asia', Cortesao, Suma Orienta~ contains the crucial text of Tome Pires in Portuguese and English translation, The Indonesian chronicles described above are found in the following: Hill, 'Hikayat Raja-raja pasai'; Brown, Sijarah Mllayu; Oltho~ Babad Tanah Djawi; Djajadiningrat, Sadjarah Banten, Other legends are described in R. Jones, 'Ten conversion myths', The two sixteenth-century Javanese Islamic books have both been edited and translated by Drewes: Javaanse primbon and Admonitions of Seh Bari, See also Drewes, Early Javanese code, On the pre-1620 Malay text, see Johns, 'Quranic exegesis'; Riddell, 'Earliest Quranic exegetical activity', A survey of some of the controversies surrounding Islamisation, with special attention to the sources of Indonesian Islam, is in Drewes, 'New Light', Van Bruinessen, 'Bukankah orang Kurdi yang mengislamkan Indonesia?' argues interestingly for indirect Kurdish influence, On the Sufi argument see Johns, 'Sufism as a category', See also Ricklefs, 'Six centuries of Islamisation'; and Reid, 'Islamization of Southeast Asia', Some materials on Islam in the areas outside of Indonesia which are men- tioned in this chapter can be found in Hardy, 'Modern European and Muslim explanations of conversion to Islam in South Asia'; and in Majul, Muslims in the Philippines, Chapter 2: General Aspects of Pre-Colonial States and Major Empires, c, 1300-1500 The general principles which underlay Indonesian states have been investigated in Moertono, State and statecraft in old Java; Schrieke, Indonesian sociological studies (see especially vol. II, p, 102 f£); and Reid and Castles, Pre-colonial state systems; 310 NOTES AND REFERENCES 311 see also Gullick, Indigenous political systems of western Malaya. Fisher, South-East Asia; and Pelzer, 'Physical and human resource patterns', describe the geography ofthe archipelago. Particularly valuable studies of economic (and other) affairs are to be found in Reid, 'Pre-colonial economy ofIndonesia' and Southeast Asia in the age of commerce. The standard historical description of Majapahit, now rather out of date, is Krom, Hindoe-Javaansche geschiedenis. This is the main source for the discussion in Coedes, Les etats hindouises, which has been translated into English as Indianised states of Southeast Asia. Slametmuljana, Stary of Majapahit, contains much useful material, but some of the suggestions seem inadequately documented. For the fif- teenth century, all of these works have been superseded by Noorduyn, 'Majapahit in the fifteenth century'. A text and English translation of the Nrigarakertrigama, and much other useful information, is given in Pigeaud,java in the 14th century. The Pararaton is in Brandes, Pararaton (Ken Arok); there is an Indonesian translation in Padmapuspita, Pararaton. C. C. Berg has published his arguments in several books and articles; see especially his Rijk van de vijfuoudige Buddha. On Malacca, see Wang, 'First three rulers of Malacca'; Wake, 'Malacca's early kings and the reception ofIslam'; and the early chapters of Meilink-Roelofsz, Asian trade and European influence. An attempt to reconstruct Malacca's origins is Wolters, Fall of Srivijaya. The major source for its trade is Cortesao, Suma Oriental. Chapter 3: The Arrival of the Europeans in Indonesia, c. 1509-1620 The background and development of Portuguese overseas expansion are de- scribed in Boxer, Prmuguese seaborne empire; and in Diffie and Winius, Foundations of the Prmuguese empire (this, however, has some errors of detail concerning the Malay-Indonesian area). An excellent analysis of Dutch overseas activities is in Boxer, Dutch seaborne empire. See also Parry, Europe and a wider world, reprinted as f-'stablishment of the European hegemony; and Masselman, Cradle of colonialism. An examination of Portuguese and early English and Dutch activities in Indo- nesia is to be found in Meilink-Roelofsz, Asian trade and European influence. Much material is also included in Tiele, 'Europeers in den Maleischen archipel'. A Malay chronicler's view of the conquest of Malacca is given in Brown, Sijarah Mi'layu. Portuguese and Dutch activities in Maluku are analysed in de Graa( Ambon en de Zuid-Molukken. On sixteenth-century Maluku see also Abdurachman, 'Moluccan responses to the first intrusions of the West'. Abdurachman et al., Bunga rampai sejarah Maluku (I), covers the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. There is also interesting material collected in da Fran<;:a, Prmuguese influence in Indonesia. On Solor, see Abdurachman, 'Atakiwan, casados and tupassi' and Barnes, 'Avarice and iniquity at the Solor fort'; on Banda, see Villiers, 'Trade and society in the Banda islands'. Documents concerning Coen's period are in Colenbrander and Coolhaas,jan Pietersz. Coen. The events surrounding the conquest of Batavia are described in Ricklefs, 'Banten and the Dutch in 1619'; and Abeyasekere, jakarta. An authori- tative analysis of VOC financial records is to be found in de Korte, Financiifte verantwoording. For the social history of Batavia under the VOC, see Blusse, Strange company; and Jean Taylor, Social world. 312 A HISTORY OF MODERN INDONESIA SINCE 1300 Chapter 4: The Rise of New States, c. 1500-1650 There is much miscellaneous material on the states discussed above in Meilink- Roe!ofsz, Asian trade and European influence. Important and stimulating analysis of the economic setting of these new states is contained in Reid's articles 'Age of commerce' and 'Seventeenth-century crisis'. On Aceh and the states of the western archipelago, see Djajadiningrat, 'Geschiedenis van het Soeltanaat van A~eh'; and Lombard, Iskandar Muda; see also the earlier parts of Andaya, Kingdom ofJohar. On Java, see de Graaf and Pigeaud, Eerste Moslimse vOTstendommen op Java; de GraaI; Senapati Ingalaga; and de GraaI; Sultan Agung. The first of these books lacks an index, which is to be found along with English summaries of the other books listed here and other of de Graaf's writings in Pigeaud and de GraaI; Islamic states. On the later years of Majapahit see Noorduyn, 'Majahapit in the fifteenth century'. The establishment ofIslamic rule in West Java and the role of the Portuguese are discussed in Guillot, 'L'accord luso-soundanais de 1522'. The earliest Javanese chronicle so far discovered is published in Ricklefs, Modern Javanese historical tradition. Some Javanese chronicle views on the fall of Majapahit are also published in Ricklefs, 'Consideration of three versions of the Babad Tanah Djawi'. The Cirebon manuscript is published and translated into Indonesian in A~a, Carita Purwaka Caruban Nagari; its authenticity is doubtful: its paleography and use of Western rather than Javanese dates suggest in fact a twentieth-century origin for the text. See also the Indonesian translation in Sulendraningrat, Purwaka Tjaruban Nagari. For sixteenth-century Java, of course Cortesao, Suma Oriental, is a major source. From the seventeenth century onwards, important VOC documents are published in de Jonge and van Deventer, Opkomst van het Nederlandsch gezag, and Coolhaas and van GOOf, Generate missiven. Van Goens's reports are in de Graat; VijJ gezantschapsreizen van Rijklof van Goens. C. C. Berg's arguments concerning Senapati are found in several of his publications, of which the most important for this purpose is 'Twee nieuwe publicaties betreffende de geschiedenis en de geschiedschrijving van Mataram'. A reply is found in de GriaI; 'Historische betrouwbaarheid der Javaanse over- levering'. On Makasar see Pelras, 'Religion, tradition and the dynamics of Islamization' and 'Les premieres donnees occidentales concernant Celebes-Sud'; Noorduyn, 'Islamisering van Makasar'; Reid, 'Rise of Makasar'; Noorduyn, Kroniek van Wadjo'; and Stapel, Bonggaais verdrag. On the Makasarese and Balinese in the Lombok- Sumbawa area see de Graat; 'Lombok in de 17e eeuw'. Bali in the golden age of Ge!ge! is discussed in Vickers, Bali; and Creese, 'Balinese babad'. Chapter 5: Literary, Religious and Cultural Legacies There is a vast literature on the subjects covered in this chapter. Excellent, but already rather out of date, introductions to the scholarship on Malay and Javanese are in Teeuw and Emanuels, Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia; and Uhlenbeck, Studies on the languages ofJava and Madura. Religious mdtters are discussed in Stohr and Zoetmulder, Religionen Indonesiens (also available in a French edition). NOTES AND REFERENCES 313 The best introduction to classical Malay literature is Winstedt, History oj classical Malay literature. On the seventeenth-century Acehnese mystics and their doctrines much has been written; see Lombard, Iskandar Muda;Johns, 'Malay Sufism', 'Islam in Southeast Asia' and 'Quranic exegesis'; Riddell, 'Earliest Quranic exegetical activity'; van Nieuwenhuijze,