Tourism Sectors- Are the Thermal Mineral Waters Found Bihor County

Table of Contents CHAPTER I – DIAGNOSTIC ANALISYS ................................................................................................................ 7 1.1. CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2. CURRENT SITUATION ANALISYS ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1. General outline .......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2. European, national metropolitan context ............................................................................................... 14 1.2.3. Demography ............................................................................................................................................ 18 1.2.4. Land and housing .................................................................................................................................... 23 1.2.5. Infrastructure and equipment planning .................................................................................................. 28 1.2.6. Public services ......................................................................................................................................... 33 1.2.7. Economic development ........................................................................................................................... 45 1.2.8. The quality of environmental factors and pollution sources ................................................................... 69 1.2.9. Financial capacity of Local Public Administration ................................................................................... 75 1.2.10. Development gaps .................................................................................................................................. 77 1.3. PEST ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 87 1.4. PROJECTS FINANCED BY GRANTS ..................................................................................................................... 91 CHAPTER II – DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY .................................................................................................... 100 2.1. DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS AND POLICY OPTIONS ...................................................................................................... 101 2.1.1. General scenarios of socio-economic development ................................................................................. 101 2.1.2. Scenarios for interurban cooperation ...................................................................................................... 103 2.2. CHARTER OF GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE ................................................................................................................ 105 2.2.1. Principles of metropolitan cooperation .................................................................................................... 105 2.2.2. Public policy .............................................................................................................................................. 106 2.2.3. Vision. Mission. Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 109 2.2.4. Sectoral policies and Programmes ........................................................................................................... 111 2.2.5. Project portfolio ....................................................................................................................................... 130 2.2.6. Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism for the Implementation of the Development Strategy ............. 144 CHAPTER I CHAPTER I – Diagnostic Analisys 1.1. CONTEXT core priorities for the local authorities, to which a number of consideration can be added, that refer to Oradea Metropolitan Area was founded by the the viability of a major polycentric cross-border association of the Oradea municipality with the position. administrative territorial units surrounding it, namely the local authorities of Biharia, Borş, Cetariu, Nojorid, The development strategy of Oradea Metropolitan Area Oşorhei, Paleu, Sînmartin, Sîntandrei. Therefore the 9 is done within the project “Local development founding members, located on the western border of strategies in Oradea Metropolitan Area” implemented Romania set, through the general’s assembly decision, by the association and co-financed by the European on the 9th of May 2005 the first intercommunity Social Fund through the Regional Operational development Association legally established, in a form Programme for Developing the Administration’s of Metropolitan Area was set in Romania. Capacity, SMIS code 13072. The general objective of the project is to overall improve the capacity of the On the 31st of July 2007, Girişu de Criş local authority local administrations within Oradea Metropolitan Area. adhered to the association thus increasing the number Throughout the implementation process of the project of members to 10 administrative units. Girisu de Cris the persuaded goal is to improve the capacity of local local authority was divided, thus creating Toboliu local authorities to formulate and create public policies and authority, increasing by one the number of members of to update their own local development strategies. the association. The project budget is of 653.100 lei, with an As of the 2nd of June 2010, Oradea Metropolitan Area implementing period of 18 months. The target group of (OMA) has a number of 12 members, the general the project is formed by the employees of each local assembly adopting unanimously the membership of administration forming Oradea Metropolitan Area. The Ineu, giving it full rights amongst the other associates. results of the project focus on (1) training a number of 40 public clerks from each member of OMA and (2) the The common goal of the associates, according to the creation of 12 updated local development strategies constitutive documents, is to stimulate and support the and one document that combines all of them (the growth and prosperity of the area, improvement in life strategy of the Oradea Metropolitan Area), creating and standards among the inhabitants, having as guide the including a Good Governance Charta in these strategic goal to continuously improve the overall quality of life. documents, translating them into English and printing The overall objective underlines the sustainable all the strategic documents. development of the metropolitan territory, envisioning the creation of a common urban space of the 9 The general objective of the sustainable development founding members, following all the necessary strategies is to improve life standards by exploiting the principles for insuring a coagulated territorial cohesion. existing resources and promoting the potential of the The set specific objectives are related to aligning subjected administrative territorial unit. In order to Oradea Metropolitan Area to the Euro-Atlantic reach this objective, a through and realistic analysis of economic and social standards, according to the the current situation must be made within the local national ones, by the alignment of the metropolitan administrative territorial units, the Metropolitan Area market climate to the international competition as a whole, in correlation to the situations of the Bihor procedures, and last but not least to insure the socio- county and the North-West Development Region, thus economic growth of the area. Among the main activity identifying the existing problems, measures needed to direction of the association, key elements such as, be adopted and outlining the strategic profile. promoting a coherent sustainable development strategy, promotion of public policies that support the continuous growth of added value, attracting, facilitating and supporting direct investments that have a major impact on the sustainability of the area, are 8 CHAPTER I – Diagnostic Analisys 1.2. CURRENT SITUATION ANALISYS are documented. For example the first documented mentioning of Nojorid was made in 1229, in a donation document, the Latin name of the settlement being 1.2.1. General outline Villa Irug. Later 2 cores of the village were mentioned, being called Villa Irug Maior (Ieruga Mare) and Villa History. The existence of human communities within Irug Minor (Ieruga Mică). The names the two localities of Oradea Metropolitan Area dates back to settlements were adapted to Hungarian becoming ancient times. For example, humans in Oradea date Ürögy or Uregd Nagy and Kiss Ürögy, then again back to the late Middle Paleolithic (50.000-35.000 BC). adapted to the Romanian language receiving the names In the early twentieth century (1909) in the perimeter of Nojorid and Chişirid. At the same time the of the former Knapp brickery were discovered a deposit settlements of Girişu de Criş were documented since of bones which contained 17 pieces dating from the the XIII – XIV century: Girişu de Criş – 1221, Tărian – Upper Paleolithic period. This discovery convinced the 1341. researchers of the presence of Homo sapiens on the present territory of Oradea. The oldest document that mentions the settlement of Sîntandrei dates from XIII and XIV centuries,

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