A THESIS PROGRAM
for
KTXT-FM AND TELEVISION STUDIOS
at
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
by
JOHN NATHAN OWENS
TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY
Fall, 1972 I• í]> ^ i 1 j C [ TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Statement of Thesis Topic oo««ao*ooo*oo«ooa
Current Facilities , ooooo*«oooaoooooo . 2
Projected Development ooooooooo . o • o o o 13
Space Requirements a a 0 e O . O 0 o . • o o o . o o 19
Site Analysis , . , o . o . O O 0 . , o o o o . o , 26
. 30 Financing , , , , o o o . o . o . O O 0 o . 33 LiOcies ,.•..,,. , , . O 0 . o o o o o o • o
Appendix A • •wOOOO.OOOOOOO 0.0 . 42
Appendix B ,,00, ,0,0000000 , , , 0 , 44
. 49 Appendix C • •••oo,ooo,øoo . • .
Sources • , . 55 ( • I I I STATEMENT OF THESIS TOPIC
The project, a telecommunication center for Texas Tech University, will encompass F. M. broadcasting /acilities for KTXT-FM, the university student operated radio station, and following the established color trend, television facilities will include full color live and video tape television broadcasting, and facilities for the pre-recording of lectures for on and off campus use, The necessary administrative and functional facilities also will be part of the design considerations.
Maximizing the effectiveness of faculty already employed by the university and area educational facilities will be the primary purpose of the lecture recording facilities, Lectures recorded here may be dispersed to the various departments on the university campus as well as the possibility of sharing these lectures with the area home owners via Channel 5 television. This method of correspondent education is already being utilized in more populus areas, KTXT-FM radio also sees educational programming in its future, becoming an additional source 2 of information and cultural events for the immediate surrounding area.
These facilities will not only reach the university and surrounding area in a service rendering manner, but will provide invaluable experience to students interested in tele-communications, Staffed by students and the necessary professional technicians, both producing educational material, the facility will become both a means and an end to education. (I u p
L
< U CURRENT FACILITIES
Radio
The KTXT-FM radio studios are currently located in the speech building and are limited in the facilities available for use by students. The radio station moved into the speech building over a period of time, space by space until the present station development was reached. The spaces now include a newsroom, production manager's office, an engineer's work rooi one on-the-air studio, and two production studios. The newsroom houses two teletype machines, both connected to United Press International news wires, two typewriters for writing various news stories, two reel to reel and two cartridge type tape recorders for the production of news programs and a small control panel and microphone. The news room presently doubles as a news writing room and a production studio for the taping of news
'spots'. The on-the-air studio and the two production studios have basically the same equipment and each could be used for live broadcasting if the need arises, Each of the three studios have a control panel for the manipulating of the various pieces of equipment and microphones. Two turntables and storage for records are within easy reach of the operator.
Taping equipment typically includes from one to two reel to reel tape recorders and at least two sources for cartridge tape play back and recording. The recording option is used primarily in the production studios. Sketches of the existing equipment with dimensions may be found in Appendix A, The production studios are used by student organizations for the production of announcements, and by tele-communications students for productions required by their classes, This causes the studios to be in great demand, Studios are used for approximately 30 productions per week and each production averages about 60 seconds of air time, however, the time required for production of the "spot" varies with the complexity required and the experience of the producer, Production time averages from one to two hours. This causes scheduling problems for the use of the production studios, Often times it prevents a 2 student from using the facility in their spare time between classes.
Because of the small size of the production studios it is impossible to schedule any large or medium scale productions such as choral groups or group Instrumental productions. It is difficult to produce even the smallest program such as a two-man debate,
Many of the tasks performed at the station by students can only be learned by participation and experience. The limited production-instructioi facilities makes it difficult for instructors to demonstrate the use of the various equipment controls used in production, Novice "disk jockeys" must be instructed, often by teaching assistants, while they are "on the air," simply because of the lack of adequate practice facilities. This causes the need for qualified instructors to be present while the station is in the hands of the lesser experienced students. Adequate practice and instructional facilities might allow the students to learn the use of turn tables, tape players, microphones, and other equipment within normal class hours, Many of the other "learning by doing" tasks, technical in nature, such as tape splicing, monitoring and editing tape are limited in the number of students that may be instructed at one time. There is currently no other space or equipment that can be used for this type of instruction.
KTXT-FM services few people outside the immediate area of the campus. A diagram of the maximum radius of reception with good reception equipment is shown on the following page. The campus dormitories are reached by way of a carrier current. In other words, the dormitories are linked to the station by means of a transmission cable rather than the usual broadcasting method,
The KTXT-FM transmitter is located at the existing KTXT television station, and is so located that it may also use the existing tower for its broadcast antenna, The transmitter is operated and utilized remotely from the speech building, however, an engineer must be on duty at the transmitter at all times, as required by F. C. C. regulations. The separation of the studios and transmitter seems to have caused few operational problems and allows the present studios to be located conveniently to pedestrian traffic from the interior of the campus. ítj^ -W«SN£V>»J
;V^J^5«»SSíS«S^^XS^«VV^^C«SS^V*i^>m^«««^ x> îíí'í^XXVW-'^iWIvx'VVWw^ Television
The KTXT television studio and transmitter are presently located
in a converted livestock pavilion on the west edge of the Texas Tech
University campus, Administrative offices are in the remodeled living
quarters above the studio. The television facilities moved into the
building in 1962 and at that time added a mechanical room, In 1966 a
transmitter room was added to the existing structure, These additions
were made because of the lack of expansion space. The station has grown
sufficiently that again there is no available space for expansion and this
lack of ability for expansion, prevents the improvement and upgrading
of equipment to accommodate color production and broadcast.
The present station consists of one studio, one control room, one
transmitter/engineer work room, and four administrative offices. The
studio must serve multiple functions because it is the only one in the
station. Any video production must be scheduled for the studio as well
as any live broadcasting done by KTXT-TV. Every Monday and Wednesday
afternoon the tele-communications department uses the studio and control
room for educational instruction to its students. Any production by the
department must be scheduled during this time. Existing studio facilities
create scheduling problems because only one studio must serve in so many
capacities. This scheduling problem should increase in magnitude as the
enrollment in tele-communications increases to a projected 250 students
in 1980.
The studio itself imposes restrictions in flexibility and convenience
The small size of the studio does not allow sets and properties used very
often to remain in the studio while other productions are in progress. Size inadequacy prohibits large productions in which larger sets and larger numbers of people would appear. Height, also very important in the television studio, is a problem in the existing facilities. Having to fit the studio into a building that was not intended for this use, the headroom, or distance from the floor to the lighting grid, is inadequate and does not allow taller sets, or their movement in and out of the studio.
Taller sets are needed because the field of vision through the standard studio camera, not only increases in width but in height as the camera is moved away from the subject. Greater height is needed for ease in maneuvering microphone booms in the studio without contacting the lighting grid or the suspended studio lighting fixtures.
A maximum of five technicians will be in the studio at any given time during a production. These men are two cameramen, one prop man, if a boom microphone is used one man must be present for its operation, and one floor director is also present. Equipment needed in the studio includes a lighting grid near the ceiling from which the studio lighting fixtures are suspended for flexibility in lighting effects. Two television cameras and the necessary microphones required for any specific production.
The control room, adjacent to and usually connected with the studio, is small, but efficient in that there is very little distance between functions and equipment that must be attended to by one person.
The people that must be in the control room during a performance are: the director who is responsible for the camera, video tape and film chain operation, the audio controller who is responsible for the required audio levels and any additional audio requirements from tape, cartridge and reel to reel, or standard recording disks, an errand boy to relay written messages into the studio, a eamera transmission, an engineer at the transmitter to conduct periodic checks on its operation as required by the Federal Communications Commission, and a licensed telephone operator. A list of the control room, studio equipment and sizes may be found in Appendix B.
Currently there are no facilities in the television station for the processing of film or still photography in conjunction with television productions. Existing facilities not only hinder the technical production necessary but rarely afford the opportunity for experienced instruction
in the methods and techniques used to produce quality materials.
KTXT-TV is operated independently of any educational department
at Texas Tech, and is professionally staffed. The station's independence
allows them to supply services to any department on campus needing
television services. Even though the mass communications department
conducts instructional classes in the studio and control room they do
not control the operation of the station, as is the case with KTXT-FM
radio, The present location of the television studio, equipment, and
offices are somewhat inconvenient for the students who receive instruction
and are employed part-time there, The fact that the studio and control
room are close to the transmitter afford advantages in that one engineer
can observe the operation of the transmitter and help in the control r(•oo m
during production, However according to F. C. C. regulations the engineer must be able to see the transmitter at all times. To operate
the transmitter from a remote control room would require the employment
of approximately two extra technicians. If the tower and transmitter, which must be located close together, are moved, it would entail a cost of at least $150,000 depending on the distance they had to be moved. 10
Remote operation from a studio would not significantly complicate the production procedures but could, if properly located, greatly improve the convenience of the studio to the student who wiU attend instruction periods there and who will partially staff the facility.
The Western Information Network is a group of 17 different colleges and universities who have an agreement among themselves in regard to teacher sharing. Currrently each of the colleges is able to video tape lectures and broadcast on closed circuit television, recorded lectures. Exchanging tapes allows each of the colleges to share the capabilities of one instructor when it is economically or physically impossible for each of the colleges to employ individual instructors in a particular field, It is also possible to share the fruits of a one-time occurrence such as seminars, etc, The possibilities of an agreement such as this is encouraging and the effect could be of life or death proportions to small struggling colleges. Facilities for the
Western Information Network are located in the newly remodeled engineering hall (the old architecture building) on the third floor, The complex includes three studios, a control room, and the other necessary spaces needed for the production of video taped lectures, The studios are small but adequate for their intended use, They all have fixed classroom type scenes with the instructor seated at a desk, Overhead cameras allow the instructor to use notes on ordinary paper in his lectures and just lie them on the desk in front of him face up, He can work on diagrams or illustrations without having to leave his chair, or changing camera position, The studios are new and one does not have equipment in it because it is not needed at the moment and will probably not be activated 11 immediately because the network has not developed to its fullest potential, Future plans for the Western Information Network includes a microwave link between the various points of origin, showing the live transmission of a lecture session from one point in the network to any other point, The Western Information Network (W,I,N,) is strictly a closed circuit system and cannot be broadcast to the public directly, However, any point in the network could broadcast what it wished, to the public, by means of linking its unit with a regular television broadcasting station, For example, this Texas Tech
W.I.N, studio, because of the lack of proper equipment and licenses, could not share its instructors with the people of Lubbock directly, but through co-operation with KTXT-TV could broadcast the lectures
through the channel five equipment by way of a cable link to the station,
A schematic sketch of the W.I.N. studios is on the following page, It
should be emphasized here that KTXT-TV and W.I.N. are two completely
separate organizations staffed, funded, and administered independently.
The Western Information Network is operated by the engineering department
and emphasizes its services, on the Texas Tech campus, to the school of engineering, In its present development no plans are made for any
standard broadcast facilities and such facilities are not included even
in conceptual form. 12
Control Room 10 X 45
Studio Studio Studio 15 X 11
22 X 15 22 X 15
15 X 11
Plan - W.I.N.
1 D
•= -r= \-
TII TII (0 2 0 h U lU 0 a 0) 2 0 F u lU 0 a 13 PROJECTED DEVELOPMENTS
Radio
KTXT-FM radio has been hindered by its facilities and broadcast power in that much of its educational and cultural programming has been eliminated to conform to the limitations of the production facilities.
In other words, had the station more adequate facilities and equipment, many of the built-in restrictions on cultural and educational programming would be lifted. This could allow imaginative administrators to supply much more effective material both educating and entertaining to the listener and "disk jockeys" as well. Possible sources for this type programming would be classical combos, organized by musically interested individuals, choral groups, dramatic productions, and arrangements of programs utilizing recorded material.
The possibility of the campus radio station changing its programming to educational material is increased every year for financial reasons.
Currently the station's programming is mainly of the entertainment type consisting primarily of popular music with public service announcements,
The Federal government and independent organizations have set up monetary grants for educational radio stations, These grants are not available to stations broadcasting other than educational material. These grants are for both operating expenses and additional or replacement of equipment
In the event that educational programming is adopted, the broadcast radius could be required by the various grants to be increased to reach raore people than the present system is capable of reaching. This expansion could be accomplished with an increase in broadcast power by adding to the existlng broadcast equipment. 14 Television
In the category of educational material in a mass media, the radio has currently been surpassed in present effectiveness and potential by educational television, Television is currently used on almost every major college campus and many of the larger high school campuses in the
United States, As campuses grow, it is evident that television will
assume a larger role in the nation's classrooms. Educational television however, is not limited to a classroom situation. In many of the country's more densely populated areas, correspondence courses are offered by universities and high schools via television. The student's "classroom" would be his own home thus simplifying many of the transportation
problems posed by the would be student commuter. Courses of this type
are successful in high density areas where transportation is a major
problem, In a course such as this, tests, examinations and assignments
are mailed to and from the student to be graded at the school. In order
for one to receive credit for a course, he must apply for admission and
pay tuition to the school offering the service. A high quality of
correspondent education could be achieved through such a program for
the people of Lubbock and surrounding area. This educational arrangement
is ideal for handicapped persons, or persons, who for some reason are prevented from attending classroom sessions. Temporary but immobilizing diseases or physical handicaps might not, with television lectures, cause a semester of work to be wasted. Co-operation with the Western Information
Network would allow great flexibility in correspondent courses in the areas around the various college campuses. Instructors at one campus could conduct lectures to the public hundreds of miles away. In 15
In Lubbock's area of dominant influence (ADI) there are approximately
112,300 television sets in approximately 76,300 households, Although not every household would utilize this service the influence of higher education at Texas Tech University would be increased significantly,
With the development of the Texas Tech School of Medicine, the demand for closed circuit television will increase at a rapid rate, A portion of the needed television facilities, such as patient surveillance, will be a closed circuit system within the school building because of the ne^gible demand for such a service outside the medical school because of the impossibility and undesirability of bringing patients to the television station for televised operations, it will be imperative that adequate facilities be provided in the medical school, However many of the courses taught in the medical school related to existing subjects and departments such as nutrition, child development and speech and therapy, could be utilized in other parts of the campus as well. This could be accomplished by way of a central television facility with 3 4 adequate closed circuit controls to handle any switching problems, '
Some of the other academic departments on campus have tried television as a teaching aid in their lecture classes. Some of the attempts failed because of the individual teacher's attitude toward the system. Using the English Department as an example, a course was set up so that one lecture a week was on television. This should have been welcomed by inexperienced teachers for several reasons. This system would allow more time to prepare only two-thirds the number of lectures they should have produced. It would have given them the benefit of a more experienced instructor's help, and would aid the 16 teachers in planning the sequence of their lectures by giving thera a lecture.per week to build upon and amplify as they saw fit. This, however, was not how the system was received. The instructors apparently felt intimidated by the television lecturer because they interpreted the idea.as an instructor trying to becorae a
"master teacher" and attempting to tell thera how to conduct their classes. Apparently their egos were injured so badly that the idea was rejected corapletely and raany of the instructors refused to co-operate,
The idea lacked support araong the faculty and adrainistration forcing only a few teachers to carry the full burden of the tape production and 6 periodical revision, often without extra pay for their efforts. In other cases the failure of the prograra was due to the unreliability of the equipraent itself„ For example, if it takes a major portion of the alloted class tirae to adjust the television equipraent until it could be understood and the picture readable, it is not surprising that it did not succeed,
Despite these seeraingly overwhelraing probleras other academic departments use televised pre-recorded lectures consistently. The
chemistry department has two separate series of programs, one series
is the standard lecture type prograra and the other, consists of condensed
laboratory experiments without the waiting and preparation necessary for most experiments, The speech department uses the service periodically, and the horticulture and park administration are serviced about once per week, Other departraents that make use of this aid daily are home economics and textile engineering and research. The engineering department uses pre-recorded lectures daily, however their prograras do not originate 17 at the KTXT studios, These lectures are stored and played back frora the W,I,N, studios in engineering hall. The KTXT studios have five closed circuit transmitters which means that the studio can broadcast, on closed circuit or cable television, simultaneously on each of the
five channels; 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, This capacity is more than enough
for the present utilization level. As the television assuraes more
responsibility in the Texas Tech classroom the simultaneous deraand may
increase by as much as 507o-607o,
Like the KTXT radio station grants are available to the television
station for educational and public service productions. Three have been
produced since 1970 and all three have been very successful in that
the public of the Lubbock area has been informed, and many of the problems 3 of an urban area have been brought to light, The primary objectives of the
projects were:
(1) to develop a televised series of programs through which the
comraunication of service groups and the general public is
clarified and is utilized raore effectively,
(2) to provide the forura for allowing the public to specifically
suggest establishraent of new social prograras or changes within
existing prograras of governraental or private service agencies.
(3) to develop a televised series of prograras in which the channels
of communication are open and accessible for publicizing the
employraent needs of eraployers as well as the eraployment of 2 the potential work force.
Topics countered in the various projects include, crime, the physical
and financial problems of the inner city, poverty, racial strife, traffic. 18
The South Plains Association of Governments, sluras, employment problems, taxes, public education, the voice of the vote, garbage services,
The Lubbock Public Schools, welfare and social diseases. Because of the high quality professional production and following analysis of effect on the community, the grants for productions of this type will be easier to obtain in the future. An increasing deraand for studio time will be the result of an increased amount of productions of this type. The series consisted of an average of ten prograras per series.
Each program lasted from 45 rainutes to a raaximurao f 2 hours and 10 rainutes but the usual length was approxiraately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
ProducticcB of this length could require weeks to coraplete, not all of
this being studio tirae,9 » 10 uUJ í (0 19 SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Radio
Broadcast Studio/Control Roora - A raaxiraurao f two operators should be provided for, Space for reel to reel tape recorders, cartridge tape players, phonograph turntables, control panel, storage for long play albums and storage for single records, This room should have sound absorbing surfaces and should be acoustically isolated,
Carrier Current Studio/Control Room - This roora has the same function as broadcast studio/control roora but is used for broadcasting to dorraitories
Production Room(s) - The sarae equipraent as supplied in the studios will be needed for production. Depending on the size of production raore space will be needed for talent as well as the producer,
Offices - Office space should be provided for 1 faculty advisor, 4 teaching assistants, 4 student staff positions, occasional use by student staff raerabers, receptionist/secretary, continuity writing and bookkeeping,
News: Room - Two people will work in the newsroora continuously, Space should be provided for a maxiraum of 3 workers. Equipment will include
U,P,I. teletype machines, reel to reel tape recorders, cartridge tape recorders, small control panel, citizens band radio monitors, type- writers, and sorae writing space. 20
Library - Storage, sorting and preview facilities for recordings, both tape and disk, not being used in the broadcast or production
studios,
Radio-Sound Laboratory - This roora should accoraraodate at least 40 people
for a classroora with the low sound reflectance surfaces and low sound
transraission walls as in the production and broadcast studios, Equipraent
for play back and raonitor of student productions is needed,
Engineer Storage/Work Roora - This roora should contain enough storage for
spare equipraent parts and electrical coraponents, with work space for
the repair of equipraent modules not too large to remove with storage
for the required repair tools and supplies. 21 SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Radio
Carrier Current Studio
Broadcast Studio
Production Rooms1
Offices
News Room
Library
Rádio Soundl Lab
Supply and Service
Mechanical
Reception
Imperative • Desirable O Undesirable SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Television
Studio(;s) - There raust be roora for four technicians, 2 caraera raen,
a floor raan and a prop raan to operate around and with the equipraent,
A boora microphone, cameras, and raonitors are the major pieces of
equipment in the studio. Generally the studio surfaces need to be
as sound absorbent as possible with the sets or flats supplying the
necessary sound reflection, The floor of the studio raust be as level
and sraooth as possible, Any noticeable "joggling" of the caraeras
cannot be tolerated,
Control Roora(s) - The control roora staff is composed of a director,
audio control technician, multi-purpose technician, caraera shader,
V,T,R, technician, transraitter engineer and a telephone operator, The
director must have immediate access to all cameras, V.T.R,, and
film chain controls. V.T.R. units, audio equipraent - turntable,
cartridge and reel to reel tape machines, raonitorsfo r on the air, preview, audio for each caraera, V.T.R, and filra chain, patch panels and video syncronators, and an audio patch panel are also present in the control room,
Prop Shop and Storage - Space for the required tools and supplies as well as facilities for set construction and storage for re-usable sets and props must be provided to release valuable studio wall space,
Engineer Storage/Work Room - This room should contain enough storage for spare equipraent, parts and electrical components and work space for the repair of equipment modules not too large to remove, with
22 23 storage for the required repair tools and supplies.
V,T,R./Projection Roora - If the V.T.R. units are not located in the control roora, they should be isolated in a more controlled environment with the multiplexers and filra chains. Tape Storage - this should include storage for all video tapes and films and recorded audio productions.
Film/Photo Processing Room(s) - Space for chemical baths, and a film processer, dark room and roora for photographic layout is needed.
Offices - Offices for the art director, producer/director, chief engineer, program manager, coraraunity relations, prograra development, program proraotion, acaderaic liasion, station raanager,an d secretarial space are needed,
Dressing Rooms(s) - These are needed for costume change and make-up by the talent in various productions and broadcasts.
Green Room - This should be a waiting room large enough to accoraraodate the production's talent,
Observation Booth - This is a space where guests and talent companions raay observe the production; a maximum of 10 people.
Announcer's Booth - Working space for one person and room for a video monitor, microphone, control board, turntable and tape raachinesfo r the addition of specialized audio announcements over a video broadcast should be included. 24
Script/Continuation Writin^ - This is a space provided for several simultaneous writers to prepare the written text for productions and
"^spots,"
Film Editing Room - This is space for a film projector and seating
for approximately 5-6 people for previewing and editing of filra footage 24
Script/Continuation Writin^ - This is a space provided for several simultaneous writers to prepare the written text for productions and
"spots,"
Film Editing Room - This is space for a film projector and seating
for approximately 5-6 people for previewing and editing of filra footage 25 SPACE RELATIONSHLPS
Television
Script/Continuation
Studio
Control Room
Props
V.T.R./Proj,
Tape Storage
Photo Process
Offices
Dressing Room
Green Room
Observation Booth
Announcer
Mechanical
Reception
Imperative
Desirable O
Undesirable @ UJ h iô 26 JL-^L_£JI—îJL_iJL_JLJL_JjL_JL_J^L JL J SITE ANALYSIS
The location of the FM radio and television studios will be on
Texas Tech University property, Various sites on the campus are available
for construction in accordance with the campus master plan, In general
the master plan*s objectives are to eliminate all but raajor streets
and roadways from the interior of the campus converting the areas to
planed or landscaped open areas, Parking will be removed from the
inner campus and relocated on the periphery, Traffic would then be
controlled to mass transportation and only the very necessary private
and service circulation, A pedêstrian mall and walkway is planned
that will extend from the library west between the foreign languages
and math and architecture buildings on the south, and the plant science
and business administration buildings on the north, The mall will
end on the vest with an amphitheater located in the recreation complex
that is planned for the present business administration unpaved parking
lot site,
All temporary buildings presently located on the campus are
scheduled for removal and this space also will be avaiable for development,
Four tentative sites have been selected based on their diversity
of access, convenience, for students and service personnel, and esthetic
considerations, (See Map in this section)
Site A This site is located in a cluster of buildings bounded by the
biology building, science quadrangle, journalisra building and English
building^ Access to this site is accomplished by the service drive
from sixth street on the north^ Because of the access from the north,
27 28
the route to be taken from the site to the transraitter and tower,
is in the event that they are not raoved, is not as direct as it
should be, The proximity to the journalisra building would raake it
the raost convenient of the selected sites for the raass coraraunication
majors,
In relation to the center of the campus and its ceremonial entrance
it seems to be "behind" the science quadrangle, journalism, and
English buildings,
Site B - This site is located between the civil and raechanical
engineering building on the north and Holden Hall or the Old Museura
on the south, The site is presently occupied by teraporary buildings
to be removed as in the campus raaster plan, Access to this site by
raotor traffic also will be by way of a service drive frora sixth street
on the north causing the sarae transportation probleras as discussed
for site B, The journalism building is relatively close to this site
and would be convenient for the mass coramunications students, In
regard to esthetic possibilities, this site, located on the engineering
key, would be a good choice,
Site C - This site is west of the Ag, Pavilion, east of the plant science
building and north of the proposed pedestrian mall, Service and access
to the relocated transmitter and tower would be along Fifteenth Street north of the business administration building. Teraporary buildings currently have the site occupied, This site is not as close to the journalism building as Site A and B but is located on the potentially beautiful pedestrian mall, Although the site is not close to the 29 journalism building, it is near another nebulus of study; the library,
Site D - This site is located between the foreign language and math building on the east, the architecture/art building on the west and
is south of the proposed pedestrian mall, Service to the site will be along Eighteenth Street which will have it a fairly direct route
to the present tower location, This site is not as convenient to the
centers of activity as the other sites but has the raost direct route
to the transraitter and tower in case of trouble, Like Site C this
site could have an esthetic advantage by being located near the
pedestrian raall. uUJ 2
< 2 FINANCING
A primary concern in any construction project is how the project will be funded, The two primary costs involved with a particular building's construction, are the property on which the building is
located, and the actual cost of the building, labor, materials, and
equipment,
The site for the KTXT television/radio station will be on Texas
Tech University property, therefore the cost of the land will not be
a factor, Discretion should be used, however, in the amount of land
to be occupied by the facility to prevent its wasteful use, Other
factors concerning the potential site(s) will be discussed in the
Site Analysis Section,
Currently the KTXT-FM radio station is operated on funds obtained
from the student service fees. The only assistance provided by the
university is in the way of salaries for professionals and teaching
assistants eraployed by the departraent of mass-coraraunications. These
fees are charged each student at registration tirae before each seraester
and average about $25 per student. State Law forbids the use of state
funds for operation of student publications and student operated
facilities such as the carapus newspaper and KTXT-FM radio.
Grants for the operation and equipraent of a student operated radio
station are available only if its prograraming is primarily educational
in nature. For educational stations grants raay be obtained frora the
education office of the Departraent of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Grants from this source may be used for facilities, equipraent or the production of specific educational prograras. These are matching grants
30 31
for up to a maximum ratio of 2:1. This means that for every doUar
supplied by the Department, two dollars wiU be supplied by H.E.W.
The grants for non-coramercial broadcasting facilities are raade
available through Title I of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.
Application for these raonies raust be raade through the regional office
of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare at Dallas, Texas.^
The other major source for educational radio funds is the Cor- poration for Public Broadcasting. This corporation, like the D.H.E.W., has a list of requirements that raust be satisfied by the station before
it will be eligible for any assistance. For exaraple two of the requirements are (1) a majority of programming raust be educational or public service (2) a miniraura operating broadcast power of 250 watts.
A single grant of $15,000 is available to aid the station in fulfilling the requireraents for an annual grant. $15,000 per year is available to the station frora the C.P.B. each year that it continues to raeet the operational requireraents,^
KTXT television is operated on funds taken frora the Texas Tech
University general budget^ In the 1971-72budget the station received
$69,998 for the closed circuit television service supplied to the classrooms on campus• For the extension and public service (including educational television) the station was allowed $305,000. Under the
Departraent of Health, Education and Welfare, Part A, Title VI,
KTXT-TV received $22,414.36 which was applied to closed circuit television equipraent for the carapus, As raentioned before grants are available for specific public service productions and in 1971-72 the station received $3,244,53 for one of these productions, This is the approxiraate 32 cost of the other two projects which were funded frora the sarae source,
Educational prograras such as these are also funded by the Departraent of Health, Education and Welfare, U, S, Office of Education, Title I
of the Higher Education Act,
The radio/television station building construction could be
funded in part by the Office of Education, D.H.E,W, This is the sarae
office and departraent that funded rauch of the specific prograraming, however the same office under the Higher Education Facílities Act
of 1963 can fund non-revenue producing construction, Structures that
do not have an incorae on carapuses such as classroora and office buildings may be partially funded under this act, Formula grants supplying
up to 507o were given in 22 cases in 1971, 90 grants in 1972, and over
200 approved applications are projected for 1973,•'•^ Applications
are to be submitted to the Comraissioner of Education at the state level,
Eligibility for a grant under this act is achieved if: (1) the
construction will increase enrollment (2) it is approved and recomraended by the appropriate state coraraission (3) there is sufficient allotraent
to the state, under the H,E,F,A, Act (4) there is a high, state assigned, priority, Final grant approval authority is held by:
The Higher Education Director Dept, Health, Education and Welfare Regional Office 1114 Comraerce Street Dallas, Texas 75202
PHJ'A (214) 749-3396 (0 UJ 0 u CODES
The following information is from the Uniform Building Code which is used currently in Lubbock, Texas and on the campus of Texas
Tech University, Only specific requireraents about unique situations is included at this point.
Requireraents for Group C Occupancies
Sec, 801, Group C Occupancies shall be:
Any building used for school or day-care purposes raore than eight hours per week, involving aseemblage for instruction, education, or recreation, and not classed in Group A Occupancies or in Divisions 1 and 2 of Group B, Occupancies,
For occupancy separations see Table No. 5-B
For occupant load see Section 3301,
(b) Special Provisions, Rooms having an occupant load of more than
100, and rooms used for kindergarten, first- or second-grade pupils, shall not be located above the first story above grade except in buildings of Type I construction,
Laboratories, woodworking and metalworking shops, raachineshops , paint shops, storage rooms, and similar areas shall be separated from each other and from classrooms by not less than a One-Hour Fire-Resistive
Occupancy Separation as defined in Chapter 5,
Balconies and bleachers over usable space and all janitor closets shall be protected with raaterials approved for one-hour fire-resistive construction, AU curtains, drops, and drapes shall be flarae-proofed.
Stages and enclosed platforras shall be constructed in accordance
33 34 with Chapter 39,
Sec. 803, (a) General, All buildings housing Group C Occupancies
shall front directly upon or have access to a public street not less
than twenty feet (20') in width, The access to the public street shall
be a rainirauratwenty-foo t (20') wide right-of-way unobstructed and raain-
tained only as access to the public street, At least one required exit
shall be located on the public street or on the access way,
(b) Special Provision, Exterior walls or parts of walls of Group
C Occupancies having an occupant load of less than 100 persons, when
within ten feet (10') of adjacent property lines, raayb e of one-hour
fire-resistant construction,
Sec, 804, Stairs, exits, and sraokeproof enclosures shall be
provided as specified in Chapter 33, (See also Section 3317)
Sec, 805, All portions of Group C Occupancies shall be provided
with light and ventilation, either natural or artificial, as specified
in Section 605,
Toilets shall be provided on the basis of the following ratios
of toilets to the number of students, In addition, urinals shall be
provided for boys on the basis of 1:30 in elementary and secondary
schools and 1:110 in colleges and universities,
There shall be provided at least one lavatory for each two toilets or urinals for each sex, and at least one drinking fountain on each
floor for eleraentary and secondary schools, The ratio for lavatories in colleges and universities shall be 1:100 for girls, 1:150 for boys,
Sec, 808, Chiraneys and heating apparatus shall conforra to the requirements of Chapter 37 of this Code and Uniform Building Code, 35
Volume II, Mechanical,
Motion picture machine booths shall conforra to the requireraents of Chapter 40,
Each building shall be provided with an approved outside gas shutoff valve conspicuously raarked,
All exterior openings in a boiler roora or rooras containing central heating equipment if located below openings in another story or if less than ten feet (10') from other doors or windows of the same building shall be protected by a fire asserably having a three-fourths-hour fire- resistive rating, Such fire asserablies shall be fixed, autoraatic, or self-closing,
When the opening for a heater or equipment room is protected by a pair of fire doors, the inactive leaf shall be norraally secured in the closed position and shall be openable only by the use of a tool, An astragal shall be provided and the active leaf shall be self-closing,
No flammable liquids shall be placed, stored, or used in any Group
C Occupancies, except in approved quantities as necessary in laboratories, and approved utility rooras, and such liquids shall be kept in tight or sealed containers when not in actual use,
A building which will have only the first floor accessible to not raore than 20 pupils at any tirae, raay be used for school purposes with the following exceptions to Code requireraents:
(1) Exterior walls or parts of walls which are less than three feet (3') from adjacent property lines shall have no openings therein and shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as specified in Chapter 43,
(2) Classrooms may have only one exit not less than three feet 36
(3') wide,
Exits Required
Sec, 3302. (a) Number of Exits. Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit, and shall have not less than two exits where required by Table No. 33-A.
In all occupancies, floors above the first story having an occupant load of more than 10 shall have not less than two exits.
Each mezzanine used for other than storage purposes, if greater in area than two thousand square feet (2000 sq. ft.), or if raore than sixty feet (60') in any diraension shall have not less than two stairways to an adjacent floor,
Every story or portion thereof, having an occupant load of 500 to 999 shall have not less than three exits,
Every story or portion thereof, having an occupant load of 1000 or more shall have not less than four exits,
The number of exits required from any story of a building shall be determined by using the occupant load of that story, plus the percentages of the occupant loads of floors which exit through the level under consideration as follows:
1, Fifty per cent of the occupant load in the first adjacent story above (and the first adjacent story below, when a story below exits through the level under consideration),
2, Twenty-five per cent of the occupant load in the story imraediately beyond the first adjacent story,
The maxiraum number of exits required for any story shall be maintained until egress is provided from the structure. (See Section 3311). 37
For purposes of this Section, basements or cellars and occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as required for stories, Floors above the second story, baseraents and cellars used for other than service of the building shall have not less than two exits,
(b) Width, The total width of exits in feet shall be not less than the total occupant load served divided by 50, Such width of exits shall be divided approxiraately equally araong the separate exits,
The total exit width required frora any story of a building shall be determined by using the occupant load of that story, plus the percentages of the occupant loads of floors which exit through the
level under consideration as follows:
1, Fifty per cent of the occupant load in the first adjacent
story above (and the first adjacent story below, when a story below exits through the level under consideration),
2, Twenty-five per'cent of the occupant load in the story
immediately beyond the first adjacent story^
The maximimi exit width required from any story of a building shall be maintained,
(c) Arrangement of Exits, If only two exits are required they shall be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area served raeasured in a straight line between exits^ Where three or raore exits are required they shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becoraes blocked others will be available,
(d) Distance to Exits, No point in an unsprinklered building shall be more than one hundred and fifty feet (150') from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway or an enclosed stairway. 38 measured along the line of travel,
In a building equipped with a complete automatic fire-extin- guishing system the distance from exits raay be increased to two hundred feet (200').
Exits: Group C, Occupancies
Sec, 3317, (a) Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies, The width of a corridor in a Group C Occupancy shall be the width required by
Section 3302 plus two feet (2') but no corridor shall be less than six feet (6'),wide,
Corridor walls and ceilings shall be of not less than one-hour, fire-resistive construction,
Exception: When each room used for instruction has at least one exit door directly to the exterior at ground level and when rooms used for assembly purposes have at least one-half of the required exits directly to the exterior at ground level, one-hour fire-resistive construction of corridor walls and ceilings is not required,
There shall be no change of elevation of less than two feet (2') in a corridor or exterior exit balcony unless raraps are used,
(c) Stairs, Each floor above or below the ground floor level shall not have less than two exit stairs and the required exit width shall be equally divided between such stairs, provided that no stair serving an occupant load of more than 100 shall be less than five feet
(5') in clear width,
Exception: This Subsection does not apply to rooms used for maintenance, storage, and similar purposes. 39
(d) Doors, The width of exit doors from corridors, halls and stairs shall be not raore than two feet (2') narrower than the width required by Section 3317 (a).
Exit doors in school rooras having an occupant load of more than
20 shall swing in the direction of egress,
(e) Rooms Below Grade, One exit accessible to every room below grade shall lead directly to the exterior at grade level,
(f) Panic Hardware, Exit doors frora rooms having an occupant
load of more than 100 and frora corridors shall not be provided with a
latch or lock unless it is panic hardware,
Towers and Spires
Sec, 3602, Towers or spires when enclosed shall have exterior walls
as required for the building to which they are attached. Towers not enclosed and which extend raore than seventy-five feet (75') above grade
shall have their framework constructed of iron, steel, or reinforced
concrete, No tower or spire shall occupy more than one-fourth of the
street frontage of any building to which it is attached and in no case
shall the base area exceed sixteen hundred square feet (1600 sq, ft.) unless it conforms entirely to the type of construction requirements of the building to which it is attached and is limited in height as a main part of the building, If the area of the tower or spire exceeds one hundred square feet (100 sq, ft^) at any horizontal cross section, its supporting frame shall extend directly to the ground. The roof covering of spires shall be as required for the raain roof of the rest of the structure,
Skeleton towers used as radio raasts and placed on the roof 40 of any building shall be constructed entirely of incorabustible raaterials when raore than twenty-five feet (25') in height and shall be directly supported on an incorabustible fraraework to the ground,
They shall be designed to withstand a wind load frora any direction as specified in Section 2308 in addition to any other loads, (For
Lubbock it is 40 ra,p,h,)o
Motion Picture Projection Rooras
Sec, 4001 (a) The provisions of this Chapter shall apply only where ribbon type raotion picture film in excess of seven-eighths-
inch (7/8") width and electric arc projection equipraent are used,
(b) Projection Roora Required, Every raotion picture raachine using ribbon type film in excess of seven-eighths-inch (7/8") width and electric arc projection equipment, together with all electrical devices, rehostats, machines, and all such films present in any Group A, B, or
C Occupancy, shall be enclosed in a projection roora large enough to perrait the operator to walk freely on either side and back of the machine,
Sec, 4002, Every projection room shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction throughout and the walls and ceilings shall be finished with incombustible raaterial,
The ceiling shall be not less than eight feet (8') from the finished floor, The room shall have a floor area of not less than eighty square feet (80 sq, ft,) and forty square feet (40 sq, ft,) for each additional machine,
SeCo 4003, Every projection room shall have at leaat two doorways separated by not less than one-third the perimeter of the roora, each 41 at least thirty inches (30") wide and eighty inches (80") high,
All entrances to a projection roora shall be protected by a
self-closing fire assembly having a three-fourths-hour resistive
rating. Such doors shall open outward and lead to proper exits
as required in Chapter 33 and shall not be equipped with any latch,
The maximum width of such door need be no more than thirty inches (30")
Sec, 4006, (a) Shelves and Fixtures, All shelves, fixtures,
and fixed equipment in a projection room shall be constructed of
incombustible materials,
(b) Films, All films not in actual use shall be stored in raetal
cabinets having individual corapartraents for reels or shall be in 1,0,0,
shipping containers, Metal used in the construction of cabinets shall
be not less than No, 18 U, S, Standard guage, No solder shall be used
in the construction of such raetal cabinets. < X 2 aUJ a
< 42
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24 II 21 II
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Reel to Reel Cart, Recorder
15 32
Cart, Player Reel to Reel
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Control Panel 43
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OOOQOOOOO ooooooooo o 21" 22"
(2) Turntable
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1%" n'S V.T-R- KlprfrnnirQ (50) Film 46 00 00 I 20" f1 20^ " i é8 II 1 20" 1 24" I (1) Transmitter i 17I I i o m <1- o o (4) Ocilloscopes 92" 47 D \ (1) Film Island ÍL • <î A2I I 70" 1 Color Film Chain n 21" + 36 II 24' Camera Control 48 Q m • 00 34" o 24 II 32 11 m 24' ^ Audio Control 22" 21" 21" 44" o I co Video Control u X 2 aUJ a < APPENDIX C 49 The foUowing is an estimate of the n«nber and sizes of spaces needed by the radio and television personnel. Radio Sq. Ft, 2 15' X 24' studio, 360' 740 2 10' X 12' control rooms, 120' 240 1 8' X 12' carrier current broadcast studio 96 2 8' X 10' production studios, 80' 160 14' X 14' group production room 196 6' X 8' lab production studios, 48' 96 1 8' X 8' newsroom 64 1 8' X 8' wireroom 64 1 8' X 10' transmitter room 80 1 8' X 10' storage and supply room 80 1 30' X 40' library 1,200 1 30 capacity radio-sound lab 1,000 1 8' X 8' engineering supply room 64 1 12' X 10' equipment repair and service room 240 5 8' X 10' offices; faculty advisor, manager, program director, engineer, news editor, 80' 400 1 20' X 24' office facility for continuity, traffic, bookkeeping 480 1 10' X 12' reception area 120 Total 4,940 These figures are based upon the use of one FM studio on the air and one carrier current studio available for the air, It is felt that • 50 the number of studios that are shown can support both stations and academic laboratories, The office space is based upon personnel including a faculty advisor, 4 teaching assistants, 4 student staff positions, and student staff members, We anticipate approximately 250 telecommunications majors for 1980, 51 Television Quan, Description Sq. Ft, 1 TV Color Studio, 50' x 60' 3,000 1 TV Studio, 50' X 60' 3,000 1 nstructional Studio, 40' x 50' 2,000 1 Studio/Classroom, 20' x 40' 800 1 Master Control Room, 30' x 40' 1,200 1 nstruct. Control Room 180 1 Studio/Classroom Control, 12' x 15' 180 1 Prop Shop and Storage, 40' x 70' 2,800 1 Prop Room, 20' x 30' 600 1 Engineer Storage, 20' x 30' 600 1 VTR/Projection Room, 30' x 40' 1,200 1 Engineer Work Space, 20' x 40' 800 1 Tape Storage Room, 20' x 30' 600 1 CCTV VTR Room, 20' x 40' 800 1 CCTV Tape Storage, 10' x 20' 200 1 Equipment Room, 20' x 20' 400 1 Air Conditioning Room, 20' x 20' 400 1 Film Processing Roora, 18' x 20' 360 1 Storage, 9' x 12' 108 108 1 Dark Room, 9' x 12' 1 Still Photo Process, 12' x 20' 3,320 1 Art Dept. Office, 16' x 20« 320 192 2 Film Edit Rooms, 8' x 12' 120 1 Film Equip. Storage, 10' x 12' 52 Quan. Description Sg, Ft, 1 Film and Tape-Rec. and Ship, 24' x 24' 576 8 Producer/Director Offices, 12' x 18' 1,728 Chief Engineer Office, 15' x 20' "300 Program Manager Office, 15' x 20' 300 Community Relations Office, 12' x 18' 216 Continuity and Traffic, 15' x 25' 375 TWX Equip. Room, 8' x 10' 80 Instruct, Coordinator Room, 12' x 18' 216 Development Office, 15' x 20' 300 :Promotion Office, 15' x 20' 300 Academic Liaison Office, 15' x 20' 300 Station Manager Office, 20' x 20' 400 Conference Room, 20' x 25' 500 Secretary Offices, 12' x 15' 360 Men's Dressing Room, 12' x 15' 180 Women's Dressing Room, 12' x 15 180 Green Room, 15' x 15' 225 Lobby, 25' X 35' ^^^ TV News Office, 20' x 20' ^OO Observation Booth, 10' x 15' 150 Announce Booth, 6' x 6' 300 20 Closets, 3* X 5' Total :31,585 53 FOOTNOTES: 1, The foregoing does not include mechanical rooras for air-conditioning and heating, 2, The TV Color Studio will be for broadcast purposes, priraarily, 3, The second TV Studio will be for broadcast, the recording of instructional prograras for closed circuit tv use on carapus, and overflow frora the TV Color Studio and the Instructional Studio as scheduling perraits or requires, 4, The Instructional Studio will be utilized by telecoramunications raajors, 5, The Studio Classroora will be used to tape or televise those lectures which are to be given in a classroora situation, whether for broadcast or closed circuit use, This studio raay also be used as a classroom space for telecommunications majors and for siraple tv production where space is not a raajor factor, 6, The offices for Producers/Directors, prior to obtaining a full corapleraent of producers/directors for broadcast purposes, while not being used by television, could be utilized for faculty offices as required should this building be free-standing, separate frora the Mass Coramunications Buildingo 7, A common building, to accoraodate both raass coramunications and broadcast and closed circuit television facilities, should effect substantial economies in the acquisition of electronic equipment, as corapared to two separate buildings, 7B. Instructional Areas for Television Space 30,000 sq, ft. is being requested for the instructional television 30,000 courses 54 It is recommended that this amount of floor space be allocated for instructional television and this time we would not be specific as to each room justification. 0) UJ u a D (0 SOURCES (1) R, D. Whipple, Associate Director of ^h. TT Network; An Interview Conduct^H í °^^^^^W^stern Information W.I.N, Studios, ^onducted October 1972 and Tour of the (2) Klive Kinghorn, Director of VTYr ™ T September and Ôctoberr g^^ ^™""^' Interviews conducted (3) D. M, Mcllroy Director of Continuing Education KTXT Tv Interview Conducted November, 1972. ''""^^^^on, KTXT-TV; (4) John Henson, Station Mana&er vryr T\7 T ^ Facilities Conducted October'i™ ' '"'^^^^^^ ^"^ ^^- °f (5) Television Factbook (Television Digest, Washington D. C.), 1970. (6) Dr.^Knall, English Department Lecturer, Interview Conducted October ^^^ Octobef ^972.^''^^''^ Department Chairman, Interview Conducted ^^^ ^ork Shop and Forum 60. A Brochure on a Televised Series on Urban Communication; by Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 1971. (9) Crosstalk, A Brochure on a Televised Series on Urban Comraunicaton- by Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 1972, (10) People and Probleras. A Brochure on a Televised Series on Urban Communication; by Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 1972 (11) Budget of Texas Tech University 1971-1972, (12) Code of Federal Regulations, United States Government, 1972. (13) Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, United States Government 1972, GENERAL NFORMATION SOURCES Fundamentals of Television Murray Bolen, (Hollywood Radio Publishers, Hollywood, Cal,) 1960. Television Production and Direction Wa ter K, Kinson (New York, Holt, Reinhart and Winston), 1965. Television Transmitters and Transmission Harold E, Ennes (Indian- apolis, H, W, Sams), 1971, 55 56 Bill Bland, Performer at KLBK Television/Radio, Intefview and Tour Conducted October 1972. KSEL Radio/Television, Tour Conducted November 1972. 0) h 2 UJ 2 u TABL:?; OP GONT-^RTS I, Site Selection and ûevelopment 1 II. pianning Goncepts k III. Ûesign Goncepts 10 IV. Structure ''3 V. Mechanical ML^ 1 "^ VI. Slides -^ UJ h ii Jl 'i\ ^L ^l—ílMUJLJ|L_^L_iJ^L, -7-=— —5 , ^ ^ i.'S»U>«l i' r S TE The site for the teleinornmunications complex is the section of the Texas Tech university campus shown on the previous page in red. This is the site located between the Plant Science building on the west, the Ag. Pavilion on the east, and north of the pedestrian mall on tne south. (slide c) The pedestrian mall will extend west from the new addition of the Library, and terminating with the amphitheater on the west across Plint Avenue, This site was selected from a group of four possible locations set forth in the }rogram. The locations were: 1. The site located in a cluster of buildings bounded by the Biology Building, Sciencé Cuad- rangle, Journalism Building and English Building. 2. The possible site located be.tween the Givil and >iechanical Engineering Building on the north and ioldin Hall or the old Museum on the south. 3. The site located between the Poreign Language and l ath Building on the east, the Architec- ture/Art Building on the west, and is south of the pedestrian mall. (see site section of program for further inforraation on the sites not ohosen) and I4., The site chosen for the project. Although the site is not as close to the Mass Gomrauni- cations Building, where other classes of telecommunications major»s are located, as sites 15:2, this problem is off set by the direct accessibility to the transmitters and tower. to remain as is which is important if a functional break- down occurs, its iDcation on the potentially beautiful pedestrian mall, its central location in reference to acces- sibility from the dormitories, and location on a major traffic artery allong l^th street to remain as called for on the campus master plan. The site is more centrally loc- ated than site #3 in its relation to the campus as a v/hole and its proximity to a very important nucleus of study; the Library, The site is presently occupied by temporary build- ings and is crossed by a service road extending from the traffic artery, south and east to the east of the Library and on to Boston Avenue, Both the temporary buildings and the service road will be removed according to the project- ions of the campus master plan. The only significant veí^i- tation near or on the site are the two very large evcrgreen trees located just south of the Ag. Pavilion and will be preserved. The Telecorrii-mnic&ti;)ns building is located approximately in the center of the site with the service road and ramp to the building bein,:. located nearest the Plant Science build- ing. Service is provided to the building below -round level down a ramp frora a service court. T.iis is done to conceal any unsightly s.ervice vehicles or services from sightlines frora the pedestrian mall on the south. (slide j) 3ite devel- opment will consist of vegitation such as grass and deciduous trees in on grade landscaring. A .hicl: low maini.enance ground cover and similar trees v;ill be used in raisad p ant- ing areas used both in conjunction wi.h tho buildin^ and the pedestrian mall. These raised planting areas are dis- persed throuf;hout the recessed pedestrian mall and provida pleasant seating areas for pedestrians. The entrances to the building on the north and south are raised 3* above grade and are reached from raised plazas, Ramps on the south and ramps and stairs on the north provide access to these plazas. Brick paver surfaccs on the stairs, raraps, plazas and pedestrian mall provide a sense of unity between the complex and the pedestrian mall. (slides j,k,l,m) 2 < j k PLANN NG GONGEFT In television and radio, acoustical isolation of some spaces is very important. Because of this acousôical pro- blem, two pianning concepts were considered. 'i^e _'irst was to locate all spaces needing acoustical isolation such as television and radio studios in a cluster, and placing noise generators outside this core, The other was to separ- ate the functions requiring quiet and have two clusters of studios. Because of the intersecting circulation paths the former concept was abandoned. The intersection of circulation paths could cause serious circulation congestion at these points. 'i'feen the facilities are separated, this allows them to function independently of each other and not interfere with the operation of the other. The classroom, office, lobby, and display areas were separated, rather than inter- spersed for the same reasons. SPAGE REQU RÆ^NTS PHOTQGRAPHY (slide g) It was Isarned that facillties allowin- the initiation of a photography degree would be desirable. With the current number of students in photography courses and the projected growth of the Texas Tech student body of ÔOO per year, the ntmiber of students in such a program in 1988 would be approxlmately 175. Facilities required for this nurabor of photography students would include individ- ual dark rooras (15) for the processing of negatives, grou - black and white print and enlargement labs (3) with twelve enlargers each and lighted only with safelights, color print and enlargement (3) with three enlargers each, a finishing: room containing print washers, dry mounting presses, print dryers, and other equipment required to complete the photographic art process, a chemical storage room, studios (1 each) for stlll photography and filra photography not done in the television studios, filra procossing labs (3)» film editing studios (2) with seating for from 6-10 for consult- ation, and a photographic gallery on the ground floor for the display of student work. The gallery is shown on the elevations (slides j,k) as the glass walled area on the east end of the building. (slide h) :iADIO The group of radio facilities is located on the west o end of the ground floor ^•ihinh an ioor .mich allows casual observatlon of the production studios by peo.le usin, or Just pas3Íng through the building. (slide h,q) ihis cluster of facilities incl- udes a News/Gontinuation room for the productlon or broad- cast of news spots and for tho writing of co.tinuation for radio programs or productions, and equipment storage for the radio and television news tearas is located in this room, a record and tape library with facilities for the preview of tapes and records, studios (1 each) for radio broadcast and a cable studio for broadcast to the dormitories, a large studio/classroom for the production of programs that require large numbers of people or equipment and to provide a sound studio to review productions done by students, and production studio/control rooms (3) for student productions. The number of production rooms was arrived at by considering the number of productions required in the year 19oÔ (i|.5/ week), the time required for the avera^e oroduction (2 hours), and the number of hours a studio can be usod per week (30), thus the nuraber 3. These studios are not only used for production of useful material but for the instruct- ion of telecommunication students in equipment operation and broadcast techniques. TELEVISION The television facility cluster is located in the southwest -oortTon of tho ,-.^--!^* ^ . . ux u_on oi tne buildmg cnd is :;iostly t./o stori.e. s in height. (slides g,h,o) The full hei.nt beinr: usod In the three television suudios to provide adequa e heisht in these spaces as discussed in the progi-am. The facility includes an ample control room on the lower level to c llow for stud- ent observation of the operation of the eouipraent and con- trols, a property shop and storage area serviced from the sunken service court, the art directors office adjaccnt to the prop shop, an electronics shop and storage close to the service door, a Oreen room on the first level -jith dressin^î rooms, rest rooms and a wardrobe room above on the second level, a video tape recorder room with a highly controled environment to protect the video machinery located here, a storage room for the video tapes and films (enough for 75 complete classes), photographic facilities for the oro- cessing of film. and photographs, editing spaces for film and vldeo tape, and production studios for the video tape recording of lectures (2), ' ^e number of studios -..'as arrived at to allow approxiuately 30 lectures to be recorded per week (l5/studio). Three television studios are used as: one for the use of the university television station which can be combined with one of the other studios to rorn a much larger studio, and tvío for the projected 3:^'0 telecom- raunications majors in 198b. A casual observation area is provided on the second level ovcrlooking the television Ô studios. OFF G:^S Twftnty offices were provided for in the building with two conference rooms, (slide i) The offices were designed for the clerical work required of the administrators of the radio and television stations who periodically need a larger raeeting sioace for conferences, and the instructors reouir. d for the photography courses, GLASSROOMS The classrooms (12) were designed v;ithout líindows for two reasons. (slides i,s) Pirst to prevent any unnecessary distractions to the students or teachers and ,3econd,but most iraportantly because these classrooms were designed for televised lectures controled from each individual room. Glassrooras are of different sizes to accomodate up to 25-30 students while creating an unusual brealc from the traditional classroora .entrance. V/AITING A waiting area wa3 provided on "che second and third floors separating the offices and classrooms. (slides i,r) This waiting area will be used by students who have ai^rived early to their class and must wait untill their class begins, and by those persons wishing to visit v.'ith an ad.-:inistrator or Instructor in nis office, MULTI-MEDIA Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are provided nov: only for the telecommunications department but for other depart- raents on campus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or closed circuit television on a screen that every one in the auditorium may view simultaneously, A public address system will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images. or instructor in his office, TjnTLT -HED A Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are provided no. only for the telecommunications department but for other depart- ments on cainpus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or closed circuit television on a screen that every one in the auditorium may view simultaneously, A Tjublic address system will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images, C) or instructor in his office, L ULTI-MEDIA Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are provided no- only for the telecommunications departraent but for other depart- raents on campus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or olosed circuit television on a screen that every one in the auditorium may view simultaneously, A public address system will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images, or instructor in his office, i- ULTI-MEDIA Two 88 seat multi-media rooms are orovided noc only for the telecommunications department but for other depart- ments on campus as well, (slide h) These auditoriums have the capability of projecting films, slides, video tape or closed circuit television on a screen that every one in the auditorium may view simultaneously, A public address system will be included to alløw commentary on the projected images. 2 Jn Ui 10 D5SIGN PORM A siraple basic form was chosen for the telecor.imuni- cation building for three roasons. (slides j,k,l,m) Pirstly the uncluttered and clean forri of the buildin^ providos a pleasing contrast and visual relief from the hirhly dotailed and eclectic existing buildings on the campus, a ritting effect dramatizing the advanced commiinication system it houses. Secondly it creates intrest v;ith its in.ass composit- ion rather than clever details that are not seen as such untill the viewer is too close to view the building as a whole. The window-less i^alls of the television studios were reoessed below grade to prevent thelr combined masses from overpowering the coirrposition. This featuro also allo'^s the service to be below grade as discussed earlior, The classroom and office towers rise three floors above the courtyard, and the entrances are between the towers in the vertical glass areas contrasting the solid massing of the surrounding walls, These glass entrances are continued the full height of the building face and are glazod on the top providing a sense of openess on the inside. (slide n) The oval windows at the office section provide an unusual break with the over used round ai'ch on the other canpus buildings but blends rather than contrasts .jith the existing arch usage. The windows also serve to show fror. the exterior 11 that the function chanpes foT.TT, ^v. «n ^^n^es lorm .n^. clasGroom section to zhc office areas which are similar in nass. At .he pno.o raohic gallery an all glass wall. was used to acLait n.tural li.;ht, it was recessed i,t under the u.per story to shade the sur- face itself, and to provide views out of the gallory inter- mittently between the display panels. ^Thirdly the si^nple form was chosen for ÍLS economy bocause of the very expensive equipraent that must be included in the í'acility. MATEHIALS The major exterior material used on the coi^.pl:;x is face brick of a color similar to the color used on the adj- acent buildings. (slides k,j,l,m) Face bricl: was chosen because of its durability against weather, and to provide an aes- thetic tie with the bulk of the campus coloration. This would extend the continuity of the carnpus buildinj: iiatei'ial, conforming to the campus to continue its existance as a campus rather than an evolution into merely a collection of unrelated buildings. Tinted glass, when viewed form the exterior appears very dark, was chosen to create a sharp contrast with the lightly colored brick to focus attention on the two entran- ces, the oval windows, and the photographic gallery. (slides j,k,l,m) The contrasting coloration of the vertical entrance area would tend to define the entrance and dr:.v; the vie./er's 12 attention visually into the building. Pinish materials on the in>3ri;r of -ciic radio and tele- vision studios are short pile carpetin.^r on uhG floors to absorb sound but still allow equipment to be :.ovcd around easily, and sprayed acousLÍc matierial on lu; walls f^r sound absouption. The entrance flooring naterial will be •Ai.c brick pavers used on the elevated plazas. Caroet .mc vinyl wall coverings are to be uscd on the floors and interior partitions of the classroom and office suciions, to orovide quiet circulation of traffic and a maintainablo surface on the walls subject to soiling. Ul C£ D h U D h (0 13 STRUGTURE In the two vertical towers conoaininj tno pnotograpnic facilities, offices, radio studios, an.i classrooms a column spacing of 214.» on center allows a concrete pan formed joist system to be used for the floor structure with the necessapy mechanical ducts between the structure and suspended ceiling, At the waiting areas, concrete beams span the 1|0« between the two towers with a similar pan joist floor syste.i spauining between the beams. All pan joists will be 18" deep with the remaining 30" being used for raechanical, At the television studios where longer spans are required, concrete coluions, beams, and 2i|." deep prestressed double tees . Jurtain walla are constructed with the previously discussed face brick and concrete block back-up reinforced with netal masonry 1 tles. (slides e,f) J u< 2 I< U UJ MEGHANiaAL Heating and coolin,- for the building is aupru ied by the central plant on the campus with sLe..i and cnilled vater. The supply is from a tunnel on the north side of 15th street. A secondary tunnel must be constructed under I5th street to service the building. The building operates under a forced air system -..'ith the seaXed areas above each room (except television otudios) acting as a return air collection plenum with a return air duct leading from this plenum back to the mechanicil room in the below grade level. Supply for the television studios is above the lighting grid on the ground level ceiling. Return for the studios is below the floor of th studios to provide as much air circulation as possible to cool the intense heat producing studio lights and other electrical equipment. The mechanical room in the basement is renotely located from the studios for noise purposes and serves the rest of the building through two vertical chases, one behind the elevators and one at the north side of the large television studio. (slide f) Presh air is supplled for the building through the area way adjacent to the mechanical room for the removal or instalation of large pieces of mechanical equip- ment. co UJ J (0