DOCSLIB.ORG

Fossils Paleontologist Geologist Dinosaur Precambrian Paleozoic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fossils Paleontologist Geologist Dinosaur Precambrian Paleozoic Plant or animal remains that have Fossils been preserved in the Earth Scientist who studies fossils to learn Paleontologist about ancient life forms Scientist who studies Geologist rocks and minerals Means terrible lizard; known to Dinosaur rule the land during the Mesozoic Era First era of geologic time; Precambrian origin of the Earth Second era of geologic time; Paleozoic known for Age of Fishes and rise of reptiles Third era of geologic time; Mesozoic known as the Age of Dinosaurs Current era of geologic time; Cenozoic see the rise of mammals and modern man First period of the Mesozoic Era; Triassic dinosaurs first appear Jurassic Second period of the Mesozoic Era Last period of the Mesozoic Era; Cretaceous dinosaurs and many other life forms become extinct at the end of this period Process of fossil formation when the Replacement original material is replaced by mineral deposits; example is petrified wood Process of fossil formation that occurs as Carbon Imprint the original object is compressed to leave an imprint made of carbon Resin from ancient Amber pine trees These are not the remains of animals, Trace Fossils but burrows, footprints, and evidence of feeding; example is coprolite Stones that are found in the Gastrolith digestive system of dinosaurs Coprolite Fossilized dinosaur dung Bird-hipped dinosaurs; Ornithischians such as the stegosaurus Lizard-hipped dinosaurs; Saurischians such as the tyrannosaurus rex Carnivore Meat eating dinosaurs Herbivores Plant eating dinosaurs Dinosaurs that walk Bipedal or run on two legs Dinosaurs that walk Quadrupedal or run on four legs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mesozoic—Dinos!
    MESOZOIC—DINOS! VOLUME 9, ISSUE 8, APRIL 2020 THIS MONTH DINOSAURS! • Dinosaurs ○ What is a Dinosaur? page 2 DINOSAURS! When people think paleontology, ○ Bird / Lizard Hip? page 5 they think of scientists ○ Size Activity 1 page 10 working in the hot sun of ○ Size Activity 2 page 13 Colorado National ○ Size Activity 3 page 43 Monument or the Badlands ○ Diet page 46 of South Dakota and ○ Trackways page 53 Wyoming finding enormous, ○ Colorado Fossils and fierce, and long-gone Dinosaurs page 66 dinosaurs. POWER WORDS Dinosaurs safely evoke • articulated: fossil terror. Better than any bones arranged in scary movie, these were Articulated skeleton of the Tyrannosaurus rex proper order actually living breathing • endothermic: an beasts! from the American Museum of Natural History organism produces body heat through What was the biggest dinosaur? be reviewing the information metabolism What was the smallest about dinosaurs, but there is an • metabolism: chemical dinosaur? What color were interview with him at the end of processes that occur they? Did they live in herds? this issue. Meeting him, you will within a living organism What can their skeletons tell us? know instantly that he loves his in order to maintain life What evidence is there so that job! It doesn’t matter if you we can understand more about become an electrician, auto CAREER CONNECTION how these animals lived. Are mechanic, dancer, computer • Meet Dr. Holtz, any still alive today? programmer, author, or Dinosaur paleontologist, I truly hope that Paleontologist! page 73 To help us really understand you have tremendous job more about dinosaurs, we have satisfaction, like Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastroliths in an Ornithopod Dinosaur
    Brief report Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (2): 351–355, 2008 Gastroliths in an ornithopod dinosaur IGNACIO A. CERDA Gastroliths (stomach stones) are known from many extant Institutional abbreviations.—MCSPv, Vertebrate paleontology and extinct vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Reported here collection of the Museo de Cinco Saltos, Río Negro Province, is the first unambiguous record of gastroliths in an ornitho− Argentina; MUCPv, Vertebrate paleontology collection of the pod dinosaur. Clusters of small stones found in the abdomi− Museo de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén nal region of three articulated skeletons of Gasparinisaura Province, Argentina. cincosaltensis were identified as gastroliths on the basis of taphonomic and sedimentologic evidence. The large number Material and geologic setting of stones found in each individual, their size, and the fact that Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis was herbivorous, all sug− Three specimens of Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis, MUCPv 213, gest that they were ingested as a result of lithophagy rather MCSPv 111, and MCSPv 112, were collected near the city of than accidental swallowing. Cinco Saltos (Río Negro Province, Patagonia, Argentina) (Fig. 1), in mudstones and sandstones of the early Campanian Anacleto Introduction Formation, in the uppermost portion of the Neuquén Group (Ramos 1981; Dingus et al. 2000). MUCPv 213 (Fig. 2A) consists Gastroliths or geo−gastroliths sensu Wings (2007) are known in of a partial skeleton that includes cranial and postcranial elements many taxa of extant and fossil vertebrates (Whittle and Everhart (see Salgado et al. 1997 for a detailed anatomical description). A 2000). Gastroliths have been occasionally reported in non−avian portion of the preserved elements (both incomplete humeri articu− dinosaurs (Wings 2004) but only few cases can withstand rigorous lated with both radii and ulnae, several posterior dorsal ribs from testing.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Jurassic Dinosaurs on the Move, Gastroliths and Long-Distance Migration" (2019)
    Augustana College Augustana Digital Commons Geography: Student Scholarship & Creative Works Geography Winter 12-8-2019 Late Jurassic Dinosaurs on the Move, Gastroliths and Long- Distance Migration Josh Malone Augustana College, Rock Island Illinois Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/geogstudent Part of the Geology Commons, Physical and Environmental Geography Commons, Sedimentology Commons, and the Spatial Science Commons Augustana Digital Commons Citation Malone, Josh. "Late Jurassic Dinosaurs on the Move, Gastroliths and Long-Distance Migration" (2019). Geography: Student Scholarship & Creative Works. https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/geogstudent/8 This Student Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography at Augustana Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography: Student Scholarship & Creative Works by an authorized administrator of Augustana Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LATE JURASSIC DINOSAURS ON THE MOVE, GASTROLITHS AND LONG- DISTANCE MIGRATION a senior thesis written by Joshua Malone in partial fulfillment of the graduation requirements for the major in Geography Augustana College Rock Island, Illinois 61201 1 Table of Contents 1. Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Simulated Bird Gastric Mill and Its Implications for Fossil Gastrolith Authenticity
    Fossil Record 12 (1) 2009, 91–97 / DOI 10.1002/mmng.200800013 A simulated bird gastric mill and its implications for fossil gastrolith authenticity Oliver Wings Steinmann-Institut fr Geologie, Mineralogie und Palontologie, Universitt Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Current address: Museum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. Abstract Received 12 June 2008 A rock tumbler, stones, water, plant material, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin were used Accepted 15 August 2008 to simulate a bird gizzard in order to study abrasion rate and influence of stomach Published 20 February 2009 juices and foodstuff on gastrolith surface development. The experiment lasted for six months. Each week, the “stomach” was supplied with fresh grass and stomach juices. After the end of the experiment, the set of stones had a combined weight loss of 22.4%, with softer rock types showing higher abrasion rates. The combination of sto- mach juices and silica phytoliths within the grass had no visible effect on stone surface development: polish or pitting did not occur. A second experiment combined only peb- bles with water in the tumbler. Results indicate that rock abrasion is mainly caused by contacts between moving stones. A comparison with authentic ostrich gastroliths Key Words showed that abrasion in the artificial stomach must have been lower than in a real gizzard, but still too high to maintain or develop surface polish. If high polish occa- stomach stones sionally seen on sauropodomorph dinosaur gastroliths was indeed caused in a stomach artificial gizzard environment, it implies digestive processes different from those of extant birds and the clast surface development “artificial gizzard”.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinosaur (DK Eyewitness Books)
    Eyewitness DINOSAUR www.ketabha.org Eyewitness DINOSAUR www.ketabha.org Magnolia flower Armored Polacanthus skin Rock fragment with iridium deposit Corythosaurus Tyrannosaurus coprolite (fossil dropping) Megalosaurus jaw www.ketabha.org Eyewitness Troodon embryo DINOSAUR Megalosaurus tooth Written by DAVID LAMBERT Kentrosaurus www.ketabha.org LONDON, NEW YORK, Ammonite mold MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI Ammonite cast Consultant Dr. David Norman Senior editor Rob Houston Editorial assistant Jessamy Wood Managing editors Julie Ferris, Jane Yorke Managing art editor Owen Peyton Jones Art director Martin Wilson Gila monster Associate publisher Andrew Macintyre Picture researcher Louise Thomas Production editor Melissa Latorre Production controller Charlotte Oliver Jacket designers Martin Wilson, Johanna Woolhead Jacket editor Adam Powley DK DELHI Editor Kingshuk Ghoshal Designer Govind Mittal DTP designers Dheeraj Arora, Preetam Singh Project editor Suchismita Banerjee Design manager Romi Chakraborty Troodon Iguanodon hand Production manager Pankaj Sharma Head of publishing Aparna Sharma First published in the United States in 2010 by DK Publishing 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Copyright © 2010 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London 10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 175403—12/09 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-7566-5810-6 (Hardcover) ISBN 978-0-7566-5811-3 (Library Binding) Color reproduction by MDP, UK, and Colourscan, Singapore Printed and bound by Toppan Printing Co.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Gastrolith Function with Implications for Fossil Vertebrates and a Revised Classification
    A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification OLIVER WINGS Wings, O. 2007. A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (1): 1–16. Misleading interpretations of “gastroliths” in fossil taxa have complicated the use of this term in palaeontology. This pa− per reviews the definitions and ascribed functions of gastroliths. According to the suggested definition, gastroliths are hard objects within the digestive tract of animals—without specification of the mechanisms that are responsible for their accumulation. To further improve definitions, the origin−based terms “bio−gastrolith”, “patho−gastrolith”, and “geo− gastrolith” are introduced. The term “exolith” is introduced for isolated clasts with a possible history as geo−gastroliths. Hypotheses about the function of stomach stones in fossil and extant taxa are reviewed, discussed and supplemented with new research. Trituration and mixing of foodstuff are the generally accepted functions of gastroliths in many vertebrates, including birds. In contrast, ballast provided by swallowed stones is considered to be of limited importance for buoyancy in aquatic animals. Other functional hypotheses include mineral supply and storage, stomach cleaning, maintenance of a beneficial microbial gut flora, destruction of parasites and alleviation of hunger. Accidental ingestion of sediment, either by being mistaken for prey, by being attached to it, during playing or due to pathological behaviour, is considered to be common. Different functions may overlap in various taxa. Key words: Gastroliths, stomach stones, gastrolith function, palaeobiology, ingesta, vertebrates, digestion, digestive tract. Oliver Wings [[email protected]], Institut für Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, D−53115 Bonn, Germany; present address: Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstr.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Basal Ornithopod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China
    A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China Yuqing Yang1,2,3, Wenhao Wu4,5, Paul-Emile Dieudonné6 and Pascal Godefroit7 1 College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2 College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 3 Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Change of Environment, Province of Liaoning, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 4 Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 5 Research Center of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 6 Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Rio Negro, Argentina 7 Directorate ‘Earth and History of Life’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium ABSTRACT A new basal ornithopod dinosaur, based on two nearly complete articulated skeletons, is reported from the Lujiatun Beds (Yixian Fm, Lower Cretaceous) of western Liaoning Province (China). Some of the diagnostic features of Changmiania liaoningensis nov. gen., nov. sp. are tentatively interpreted as adaptations to a fossorial behavior, including: fused premaxillae; nasal laterally expanded, overhanging the maxilla; shortened neck formed by only six cervical vertebrae; neural spines of the sacral vertebrae completely fused together, forming a craniocaudally-elongated continuous bar; fused scapulocoracoid with prominent
    [Show full text]
  • Herbivorous Ecomorphology and Specialization Patterns in Theropod Dinosaur Evolution
    Herbivorous ecomorphology and specialization patterns in theropod dinosaur evolution Lindsay E. Zanno1 and Peter J. Makovicky Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 Edited by Randall Irmis, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and accepted by the Editorial Board November 10, 2010 (received for review August 16, 2010) Interpreting key ecological parameters, such as diet, of extinct characteristics have been used to propose a myriad of dietary organisms without the benefit of direct observation or explicit preferences with little consensus (8, 11, 15–20). fossil evidence poses a formidable challenge for paleobiological Recently, a burst of theropod dinosaur discoveries bearing an studies. To date, dietary categorizations of extinct taxa are largely unexpected degree of ecomorphological disparity (particularly generated by means of modern analogs; however, for many with respect to dental anatomy) (12, 20–24) has sparked species the method is subject to considerable ambiguity. Here a renewed interest in the diet of coelurosaurian species. Yet, to we present a refined approach for assessing trophic habits in fossil date, a large scale quantitative analysis on theropod ecomor- taxa and apply the method to coelurosaurian dinosaurs—a clade phology has not been conducted. Serendipitously, an increasing for which diet is particularly controversial. Our findings detect 21 number of theropod specimens preserve unequivocal evidence of morphological features that exhibit statistically significant corre- diet in the form of fossilized gut contents (25–27), coprolites lations with extrinsic fossil evidence of coelurosaurian herbivory, (28), or a gastric mill (21–23, 29–31), which are known to cor- such as stomach contents and a gastric mill.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stratigraphic and Geochronologic Analysis of the Morrison Formation/Cedar Mountain Formation Boundary, Utah
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2006-07-08 A Stratigraphic and Geochronologic Analysis of the Morrison Formation/Cedar Mountain Formation Boundary, Utah Brent W. Greenhalgh Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Greenhalgh, Brent W., "A Stratigraphic and Geochronologic Analysis of the Morrison Formation/Cedar Mountain Formation Boundary, Utah" (2006). Theses and Dissertations. 916. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/916 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOCHRONOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF THE MORRISON FORMATION/CEDAR MOUNTAIN FORMATION BOUNDARY, UTAH by Brent W. Greenhalgh A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Copyright © 2006 Brent W. Greenhalgh All Rights Reserved BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Brent W. Greenhalgh This thesis has been read by each member of the following graduate committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. ________________________ ______________________________________ Date Brooks B. Britt, Chair ________________________ ______________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling the Abundance of Megaherbivorous Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Western USA) James O
    This article was downloaded by: [Dr Daniel Marty] On: 09 October 2012, At: 00:13 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 Giants on the landscape: modelling the abundance of megaherbivorous dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, western USA) James O. Farlow a , I. Dan Coroian b & John R. Foster c a Department of Geosciences, Indiana-Purdue University, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA b Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana-Purdue University, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA c Museum of Western Colorado, P.O. Box 20000, Grand Junction, CO, 81502, USA Version of record first published: 21 Jul 2010. To cite this article: James O. Farlow, I. Dan Coroian & John R. Foster (2010): Giants on the landscape: modelling the abundance of megaherbivorous dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, western USA), Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, 22:4, 403-429 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912961003787598 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Jurassic Dinosaur Bonebeds at Ten Sleep, Wyoming: Stratigraphy, Preliminary Results and Field Reports of 2016 and 2017
    André de Sousa Saleiro Barros Licenciado em Biologia Upper Jurassic dinosaur bonebeds at Ten Sleep, Wyoming: stratigraphy, preliminary results and field reports of 2016 and 2017 Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Paleontologia Orientador: Octávio Mateus, Professor Associado, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Júri: Presidente: Prof. Doutor Paulo Alexandre Rodrigues Roque Legoinha Arguente: Prof. Doutor Mark Allen Norel Vogal: Prof. Doutor Octávio João Madeira Mateus Setembro 2018 André de Sousa Saleiro Barros Licenciado em Biologia Upper Jurassic dinosaur bonebeds at Ten Sleep, Wyoming: stratigraphy, preliminary results and field reports of 2016 and 2017 Sketch of of Bobcat Hill by Simão Mateus Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Paleontologia Orientador: Octávio Mateus, Professor Associado, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Acknowledgments I start by thanking my supervisor, Professor Octávio Mateus, not only for the help provided during my work, but also for the trust placed in me, for the free range given by him, allowing me to pursue my own objectives, both academically and professionally. I thank the American Museum of Natural History for funding the expeditions which were the focal point of this work, and the Museum of Lourinhã for providing me with a workspace, as well as allowing me to use the laboratorial facilities to prepare the specimens here described. Special thanks to the team members, and visitors, of the expedition, without whom this project would not exit. All fieldwork was carried out under Bureau of Land Manegement permits PA16-WY-245, PA16-WY-255, and PA16-WY-256.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification, Distribution, and Function of Gastroliths in Dinosaurs and Extant Birds with Emphasis on Ostriches (Struthio Camelus)
    IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND FUNCTION OF GASTROLITHS IN DINOSAURS AND EXTANT BIRDS WITH EMPHASIS ON OSTRICHES (STRUTHIO CAMELUS) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Oliver Wings aus Sangerhausen Bonn 2004 Diplodocid sauropod accidentally ingesting gastroliths while feeding on a cycad. IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND FUNCTION OF GASTROLITHS IN DINOSAURS AND EXTANT BIRDS WITH EMPHASIS ON OSTRICHES (STRUTHIO CAMELUS) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Oliver Wings aus Sangerhausen Bonn 2004 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Referent: Privat-Dozent Dr. Martin Sander 2. Referent: Professor Dr. Jes Rust Tag der Promotion: 02.12.2004 Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni- bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert This dissertation is published electronically on the ULB Bonn server for university publications: http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online Dedicated to Claudia. Thanks for everything. French proverb: “Il a un estomac d’autuche!” (literally: He has the stomach of an ostrich!) means: He can tolerate everything! Geheimnisvoll am lichten Tag Läßt sich Natur des Schleiers nicht berauben, Und was sie deinem Geist
    [Show full text]