LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADEQ Arizona Department of Environmental Quality ADOT Arizona Department of Transportation AGFD Arizona Game and Fish Department AMWUA Arizona Municipal Water Users Association AZPDES Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System BMP Best Management Practice BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CIP Capital Improvement Project CWA Clean Water Act EMF East Maricopa Floodway EPA Environmental Protection Agency FCDMC Flood Control District of Maricopa County FR Federal Register GIS Geographic Information System GMC Paradise Valley Municipal Code HHW Household Hazardous Waste HOA Homeowners Association IC Illicit Connection ID Illicit Discharge IGA Interagency Agreement IPP Industrial Pretreatment Program MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System National Register National Register of Historic Places NOI Notice of Intent NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System P2 Pollution Prevention PSA Public Service Announcement RWCD Roosevelt Water Conservation District SHPO State Historic Preservation Office SIU Significant Industrial User SOP Standard Operating Procedure SPRR Southern Pacific Railroad SRP Project SWMP Storm Water Management Plan SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan TMDLs Total Maximum Daily Loads Town Town of Paradise Valley TSS Total Suspended Solids

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 iv Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC DEFINITIONS

AZPDES Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality’s version of the NPDES program.

BMPs Best Management Practices. Practices put in place to meet the compliance requirements.

Illicit Connection Unauthorized connection to the sanitary sewer system or storm drainage system.

Illicit Discharge A discharge to an MS4 that is unauthorized.

MS4 Municipal separate storm sewer system. This is different from a combined sanitary and storm sewer system.

NOI Notice of Intent to be covered under the general permit

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. A regulatory framework and permitting scheme to enforce compliance with the Clean Water Act.

Phase II In 1990, Phase I of the Storm Water program regulated industry, construc- tion projects >5 acres, and large municipalities (Scottsdale, Tempe, Glendale, Mesa & Tucson). The second phase of the storm water regulation expanded the regulated community to include MS4s and small construction sites (1-5 acres).

SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. A plan required to be prepared by industries and construction projects filing for a storm water permit. The purpose of the SWPPP is to eliminate the contribution of pollutants to storm water runoff.

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 v Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 URBAN RUNOFF

Runoff from storm events is part of the natural hydrologic process. Rainwater that does not infiltrate into the ground, evaporate, or that is not used by plants will flow into lakes, streams, rivers, and washes. As runoff moves downhill, vegetated depressions and other surface features slow the water and remove some pollutants and sediments. However, in urban settings, existing vegetation and topography often have been altered, graded, or paved and storm water is diverted into storm drain pipes or other diversionary features. When the drainage pattern of a watershed is so altered, flows increase in volume and velocity and can pick up sediments and pollutants from land surfaces at an increased rate. Storm water that flows through urbanized areas to receiving waters is called “urban runoff.”

Urban runoff may carry a wide range of pollutants including nutrients, trash and debris, sediments, heavy metals, bacteria, petroleum products, and synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides. Because urban runoff does not originate from a distinct “point source” (e.g., a chemical plant), it is also often referred to as “non-point source” pollution. These contaminants in urban runoff have the potential to pollute water bodies within the Town of Paradise Valley (herein “the Town” or “Paradise Valley”). Urban runoff can degrade the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water bodies and desert wash ecosystems.

In addition to the pollutants picked up by runoff before it enters a storm drain, some storm water includes wastes and wastewater from non-storm water sources. These non-storm water sources are referred to as “illicit discharges.” These discharges are “illicit” because such releases usually are prohibited by law; municipal storm drainage systems normally are not designed to treat wastewater. Illicit discharges can include sanitary wastewater flowing to the storm drainage system through illegal connections; effluent from septic systems; car wash, laundry, and other industrial waste waters; improper disposal of automotive and household wastes, such as used motor oil and pesticides; and spills from roadways. Illicit discharges enter the system either through direct connections (e.g., wastewater piping either mistakenly or deliberately connected to the storm drains) or indirect connections (e.g., infiltration through cracked piping, spills collected by drain outlets, and paint or oil dumped directly into the drain). The result is contaminated storm water that may contribute pollutants, including heavy metals, toxics, oil and grease, solvents, nutrients, viruses, and bacteria into desert washes, streams, and lakes. These same sources of pollution also may move downward into ground water.

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-1 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC In response to the impact of non-point source discharges on water quality, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State of Arizona have developed specific sets of regulations to address the problem.

1.2 APPLICABILITY

In 1972, Congress amended the Clean Water Act (CWA) to prohibit the discharge of any pollutant to waters of the United States from a point source unless the discharge is authorized by an National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Initial efforts to improve water quality under the NPDES program focused on reducing pollutants in industrial process wastewater and municipal sewage. These discharge sources were easily connected to poor water quality. As pollution control of industrial process wastewater and municipal sewage were implemented and refined, it became evident that other sources of water pollution were still contributing to water quality impairment and that storm water runoff was a major suspect.

In 1987, Congress again amended the CWA to require implementation, in two phases, of a comprehensive national program for addressing storm water discharges. Phase I required NPDES permits for storm water discharge from a large number of priority sources including medium and large Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) and several categories of industrial activity, including construction activity that disturbed 5 or more acres of land. The second phase of the storm water program required permits for storm water discharges from certain small MS4s and construction activity generally disturbing between 1 and 5 acres. Phase II remained to be further clarified by future EPA analysis and decisions.

EPA provided this clarification in August 1999 through the proposal of a draft final rule that addressed the Phase II aspects of the NPDES storm water program. Of relevance to the Town was the application of the program to small MS4s. Phase II municipalities were defined as those not included in the Phase I program but located within a U.S. Census Bureau “Urbanized Area.” In practical terms, this category includes most cities and towns with a population between 10,000 and 100,000 by the 1990 Census. EPA also reserved the authority for the permitting agency to designate Phase II municipalities based upon other storm water impacts on waters of the United States. On December 8, 1999, the Phase II Final Rule was published in the Federal Register (Vol. 64, Number 235, p. 68722 to 68770).

On December 5, 2002, the State of Arizona obtained primacy (regulatory authority) of the NPDES program from EPA, Region IX. Prior to this, House Bill 2426, passed in the 2001 Arizona legislative session, added a new article (3.1) to the Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) in Chapter 2, under Title 49 authorizing a state NPDES program. This legislation established

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-2 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC authority for the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to adopt administrative rules for an Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (AZPDES) program that is consistent with, but no more stringent than the NPDES program and the requirements of sections 402(b) (state permit programs) and 402(p) (municipal and industrial storm water discharges) of the CWA.

ADEQ will now be responsible for the following:

1. Reissuing the eight individual permits for the large or medium MS4s, including evaluating data, developing permit conditions, providing public notice, arranging public meeting/hearings, and coordinating with EPA and other state agencies as appropriate; 2. Issuing storm water general permits for construction and Multi-sector General Permit; 3. Developing general permits for Phase II; 4. Reviewing Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) and other documentation submitted based on permit conditions; 5. Responding to requests for information; 6. Providing outreach for small construction operations and small MS4s; 7. Managing and analyzing data; and 8. Screening notices of intent (NOIs) to discharge under the general permits.

In 2001, ADEQ promulgated administrative rules establishing an AZPDES program that governs storm water discharges into navigable waters (waters of the United States). The State of Arizona will permit municipal storm water discharge permits under a general permit. A.R.S. Title 49, Chapter 2, Article 3.1 provides the Department with general permitting authority to the same extent granted the EPA under the CWA. General permit issuance procedures are similar to individual permits (public notice and EPA approval), except there is no specific applicant at the time of general permit development. The user of a general permit may be required to meet the same requirements as individual permittees, including self-monitoring, reporting, and submitting to Department inspections.

The procedures for using general permits are found in 18 Arizona Administrative Code (A.A.C.) 9, Article 9. The AZPDES general permit will specify NOI requirements. This information will include, at a minimum, the legal name and address of the owner or operator, facility name and address, type of facility or discharges, and receiving stream(s). All NOIs will be signed in accordance with Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 122.22, which is

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-3 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC incorporated by reference in A.A.C. R18-9-A905(A)(1)(c). General permits also will specify the deadlines for submitting NOIs for authorization to discharge and the dates when a discharge is authorized under the permit.

Upon receipt of an NOI and after the review period listed in the permit, the Director of ADEQ will send the applicant a letter stating that the user is covered under the general permit or require the applicant to obtain an individual permit under A.A.C. R18-9-C902. If ADEQ determines that the user does not meet the general permit criteria, it may require the user to file an application for an individual permit if the applicant wishes to discharge wastewater into surface waters. If a general permit user violates the terms of a general permit, the Director may revoke a permittee’s use of the general permit under A.A.C. R18-9-C902(A)(1)(a). A violation of a general permit, as with all permits, is also subject to enforcement action by the Director under A.R.S. §§ 49-263.01 and 49-263.02.

On September 10, 2002, the Regional Administrator, EPA, Region IX proposed a NPDES general permit for storm water discharges. In the State of Arizona (excluding Indian Country lands), the general permit was proposed jointly by Region IX and the Director of ADEQ. The Town of Paradise Valley obtained a draft copy of the general permit and has constructed this Phase II Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) to be consistent with the requirements of the draft permit.

Non-compliance with the Phase II Final Rule carries potentially serious consequence under state and federal law. Enforcement actions and penalties are discussed in CWA Sections 309, 504 and 505 and under the AZPDES regulations.

Both the CWA and A.R.S. Title 49 include specific indications of communities to which the Phase II program is applicable. The Phase II Final Rule applies to the Town because Paradise Valley is within the Phoenix urbanized area and discharges storm water to waters of the United States (Figures 1-1 and 1-2). Storm water originating within the Town may discharge to the Salt River or New River, by way of the Diversion Channel or Indian Bend Wash. Both are considered waters of the United States by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or judicial decision. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) have not been established for these waters. Discharge points include the following:

• Indian Bend Wash is the major collector of runoff from Scottsdale and Phoenix to the north and west and the McDowell Mountains to the northeast. It flows from the northwest corner of the Town exiting on Scottsdale Road at McCormick Parkway where it continues its southeasterly path through Scottsdale. The Indian Bend Wash, which runs

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-4 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC through a significant portion of the Town, had been subject to periodic flooding. Until the 1970s, Indian Bend Wash was a natural drainage channel that allowed collected storm water to flow freely to the Salt River. Since the late 1970s, the channel has been redesigned, narrowed, and stabilized, in order to support development that was taking place on both sides of the wash. Properties that extend beyond the current encroachment lines of the wash are covered by an easement that requires the preservation of the wash. The Mountain View and Berneil Ditches in the Town collect local storm sheet runoff and channel it into Indian Bend Wash. Smaller washes generally have maintained their historic flows and native vegetation.

Indian Bend Wash is considered a water of the United States under the CWA. Locations of these outfalls (Figure 1.2) are given below in Universe Transverse Mercator (UTM), NAD-27, Arizona Central state plane coordinates. The following eight direct outfalls to Indian Bend Wash occur within the Town boundaries:

Street Address X Y 9400 block of N 55th Street 686169 936229 9400 block of N 55th Street 686257 935923 58th and E. Sanna Streets. 687670 935154 9000 block of N. 60th Street 689297 934092 6000 block of E. Horseshoe Rd. 690094 933522 8600 block N 68th Place 692730 931901 8200 block N.68th Street 693235 930696 7000 block E. Northern Avenue 696600 928796

An additional outfall discharge to a tributary of Indian Bend Wash, Cherokee Wash occurs at the following location:

Street Address X Y N. Mockingbird Lane and 51st Street 684000 930330

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-5 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC ● The Arizona Canal Diversion Canal (ACDC) is located on the southern side of Camelback Mountain. Completed in 1994 by the Flood Control District of Maricopa County (FCDMC), the structure diverts street storm water from approximately 14 miles of the upslope side of the Arizona Canal and conveys it to New River, near Peoria.

The ACDC begins very close to the intersection of Stanford Drive and 37th Street. A storm water retention basin is located nearby with an emergency spillway that connects to the ACDC. The retention basin also receives flows from Cudia City Wash, which begins on the side of Mummy Mountain. This dry wash crosses the central region of the Town, integrating drainage through that area. Outfalls to the wash occur at the following four locations:

Street Address X Y 5000 block E. Valley Vista Lane 683007 919384 6700 block E. Valley Vista Lane 681585 919042 4700 block E. Marston Drive 680058 918389 N. 40th Street and E. Stanford Avenue 675847 915977

At the time of this report (February 2003), the Doubletree Ranch Road Area Drainage and Street Improvement Project has just begun. Among other design elements, the project consists of underground storm drains and culverts installed under Doubletree Ranch Road to carry storm water between Tatum Boulevard and Indian Bend Wash. Storm drain laterals also will be constructed north and south of Doubletree Ranch Road to catch and convey floodwaters on 52nd Street and Butler Drive, 56th Street north to Doubletree Ranch Road, and on Tatum Boulevard from Horseshoe Road to Doubletree Ranch Road.

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1.3 EXISTING CONDITIONS

The Town of Paradise Valley is located in the Phoenix metropolitan area of central Arizona within Maricopa County. The Town limits include 16.5 square miles and the population in 2000 was 13,600 residents (Town of Paradise Valley 2002). Phoenix adjoins the Town on the south, west, and northwest. On the east and northeast, the Town borders the city of Scottsdale. Both Scottsdale and Phoenix are Phase I cities under the EPA Region IX NPDES municipal storm water program and have existing MS4 permits. The Town is within the urbanized areas of both cities.

The Town primarily includes the area surrounding and between Camelback and Mummy Mountains in the Paradise Valley subwatershed of the Salt River Valley (Figure 1-1). This area is topographically rugged and includes the southeastern terminus of the Phoenix Mountains. Relief ranges from approximately 2,704 feet above sea level (asl) at Camelback Mountain (actually just outside of the Town Limits) to approximately 1,255 feet asl along the Arizona Canal.

The Phoenix Mountains are composed of Precambrian and Mesozoic crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks, overlain by Tertiary sedimentary rocks and Quaternary sediments, colluvium, and soils (Pewe, et al. 1986). The center of the Town is a west by northwest/east by southeast running saddle between Mummy and Camelback Mountains. The north east corner of the Town is cut by Indian Bend Wash, an ephemeral stream serving as the main topographic drainage for Paradise Valley, Scottsdale, and north Phoenix.

Weather patterns for the Town are very similar, in general, to those of the adjoining cities in the Salt River Valley. During most years, evaporation exceeds precipitation by almost ten times. Mean annual precipitation at the Paradise Valley National Weather Service cooperative station is 8.39 inches. Mean annual open-water evaporation in the Salt River Valley is approximately 85 inches. In 2001, the annual cumulative evapotranspiration for Phoenix was 74.95 inches. The average January minimum is 42.7 degrees Fahrenheit and the average July high is 105 degrees Fahrenheit.

Paradise Valley experiences five distinct “seasons.” During the winter, fall, and early spring, approximately 50 to 60 percent of the total annual precipitation for central Arizona falls in the form of cold-front storms that originate in the Pacific Ocean. This precipitation follows the same jet stream that brings storms through southern and the Sierra Nevada Mountains, but is depleted of moisture it travels eastward. Because of their longer duration, these storms tend to

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-9 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC produce the highest amount of runoff. In May and June, the continental high pressure ridge over northern Mexico tends to deflect the storm track northward, creating a dry season.

During July, the high pressure ridge moves further east and the Mexican Monsoon begins affecting southern Arizona. Clockwise circulation of air masses around the continental high creates a storm track, bringing moisture northward from the Gulf of California. These moist air masses, heated by the earth surface and uplifted over the central Arizona mountains, build dramatically into the July and August thunderstorms that strongly impact the central state, lower Salt River Valley, and Phoenix metro area. Commonly, Paradise Valley experiences almost a third of its total annual precipitation during the months of July, August, and September.

Paradise Valley was founded as, and remains, a low-density, semi-rural residential community. The only significant commercial activity is focused upon the tourism/resort business, with several low-impact or “desert-natural” destination facilities. Paradise Valley residences abundantly use low-impact, Southwestern ranch architecture and landscaping, favoring native Sonoran Desert vegetation. Desert dry washes cross many residential lots and are used by homeowners as avian habitat and landscaping, in addition to natural drainage. Preserving this fundamental quality of life in the Town has an obvious priority to the residents and Town government (Town of Paradise Valley 2002)

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 1-10 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC 2.0 OVERVIEW OF NPDES PHASE II FINAL RULE

The storm water Phase II Final Rule is codified within 40 CFR Part 122 and has three major components, each with distinct requirements, affecting three types of entities. These include regulated small MS4s, small construction activity, and industrial activity. The focus of this document is compliance in accordance with the Phase II Final Rule as published in the Federal Register (Vol. 64, Number 235, p. 68722 to 68770) on December 8, 1999, for the regulated small MS4s drainage system operated by the Town.

The goals of this program are as follows:

● reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent possible ● protect water quality ● satisfy appropriate water quality requirements of the CWA

2.1 REGULATED SMALL MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEMS

A certain subset of operators of small MS4s (primarily those located in urbanized areas) are required to develop and implement a SWMP to meet their goals for storm water runoff from the jurisdiction serviced by the MS4. The SWMP must include the development and implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and measurable goals for the following six minimum control measures:

1. public education and outreach 2. public participation and involvement 3. illicit discharge detection and elimination 4. construction site runoff control 5. post-construction runoff control 6. pollution prevention/good housekeeping for municipal operations

2.2 PHASE II FINAL RULE IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Key dates applicable to the Phase II Final Rule affecting the Town range from December 2002 through March 2008. Key dates are listed in Table 2-1.

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 2-1 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC Table 2-1. Phase II Final Rule Implementation Schedule ACTIVITY DEADLINE NPDES permitting authority issues general permits for By December 9, 2002 regulated small MS4s and small construction activity Operators of regulated small MS4s (including Town of By March 10, 2003 Paradise Valley) must submit NOI for coverage under the General Permit and submit a SWMP Small construction activities (1 acre or more) must apply By March 10, 2003 or prior to beginning for permit coverage construction (if after March 10, 2003) Annual program review and report documenting Each year of the permit term (date to be compliance determined) The regulated small MS4s must fully implement their By the end of the first permit term – typically a storm water management programs 5-year period Permit Renewal March 2008 Re-evaluation of the Phase II Final Rule small MS4s By December 2012 regulations by EPA

This SWMP must be submitted with the NOI to obtain permit coverage under the Phase II Final Rule and will become a part of the Town’s Phase II NPDES permit when it is issued. This SWMP has been developed in accordance with the guidelines for the development, implementation, and enforcement of a storm water management program as set forth in 18 A.A.C. 9, Article 9 and 40 CFR 122.34.

2.3 ANNUAL REPORTING

Coverage under the Phase II Final Rule requires that the operator of a regulated small MS4 comply with program review and reporting requirements. An annual storm water program review and update (as needed) will be conducted in conjunction with preparation of the annual report. The Town’s overall approach to monitoring and reporting will be consistent with the published rule and will include annual reporting during each year of the permit term. This reporting will include the following:

● the status of compliance with permit conditions, including an assessment of the appropriateness of the selected BMPs and progress towards achieving the statutory goal of reducing the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable, and the measurable goals for each minimum control measure

● results of any information collected and analyzed, including monitoring data, if any ● a summary of the storm water activities planned for the next reporting cycle

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 2-2 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC ● any proposed changes to this SWMP, including changes to any BMPs or any identified measurable goals that apply to the program elements

● notice of relying on another governmental entity to satisfy permit obligations, if applicable

Records required by the NPDES permitting authority will be retained for a period of at least three years and made accessible to the public at reasonable times during regular business hours. If requested to do so, the Town will make records available to the permitting authority.

Draft Storm Water Management Plan February 2003 2-3 Town of Paradise Valley URS Job No. 23442915 P:\DUNCAN\PROJECTS\NPDES STORMWATER PLAN\FINAL SWMP 022703.DOC