DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Santa Barbara Dissertation Template

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Santa Barbara Dissertation Template UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara “Golden Lilies” Across the Pacific: Bodies and Paradoxes of U.S. Inclusion in Enforcing the Chinese Exclusion Laws A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Fang He Committee in charge: Professor Xiaojian Zhao, Chair Professor Patricia Cohen Professor Stephan Miescher Professor Mayfair Yang December 2018 The dissertation of Fang He is approved. _____________________________________________ Patricia Cohen _____________________________________________ Stephan Miescher _____________________________________________ Mayfair Yang _____________________________________________ Xiaojian Zhao, Committee Chair December 2018 “Golden Lilies” Across the Pacific: Bodies and Paradoxes of U.S. Inclusion in Enforcing the Chinese Exclusion Laws Copyright © 2018 by Fang He iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and support from many people on the both sides of the Pacific. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my dissertation advisors who have nurtured me in this journey of intellectual growth. The committee chair Professor Xiaojian Zhao has provided me extensive professional and personal guidance along the way. I cannot express enough gratitude to the insights, knowledge and innovative ideas she has shared with me. I am extremely grateful to Professor Patricia Cohen for being my source of inspiration and for her unwavering support even after her retirement. I owe enormous debt to Professor Stephan Miescher whose professionalism, intellectual rigor, encouragement, and understanding have played a critical role in my development as a scholar. I very much appreciate Professor Mayfair Yang’s wise suggestions and constructive critiques that greatly broadens the theoretic scope of this dissertation and strengthens its interdisciplinary perspective. My deep gratitude goes to Professor Ann Plane who deeply cares about her students. She made me feel welcome and guided me to navigate a new system in the early phase of my graduate school. The rigorous trainings I received from Professor Plane, Professor Mary Furner and Professor Salim Yaqub in the U.S. historiography reading seminars placed a solid foundation for this study. Enormously helpful was the writing seminar in which Professor Sears McGee showed me the art of writing and revision. He offered thorough comments on my first publication which drew from this dissertation. Professor Erika Rappaport provided invaluable feedback while I was working on a bulk of Chapter two in her research seminar. Professor Paul Spickard offered precious advice on possible venues of primary sources as I iv began this research. It was a joy to learn the craft of teaching along with Professor Laura Kalman and Professor John Majewski, which reinforced my passion in researching and teaching U.S. history. I would forever miss sitting in their classes. Without the support and friendship from all my colleagues and friends at UCSB, my life of graduate school would have been far more difficult. I am deeply indebted to Jason Stohler who generously shared with me his research findings in the National Archives at San Francisco and Seattle when I first started to explore my dissertation topic. I also thank him for scholarly and personal exchanges over the years. I am especially grateful to Ross Melczer for his kindness, open-mindedness and support from the very beginning. Stephanie Seketa, Daniel Siegel, James Williams and Louis Carton offered critical feedback on part of this dissertation. Other colleagues and friends who deserve special mentions are: Laura Hooton, Zamira Abman, Joseph Mann, Xingyue Zhou, Kuan-Yen Liu, Niccole Coggins, Yanjun Liu, Paul Barba, Laura Moore, Kalina Yamboliev, Masha Fedorova, Travis Seifman, Chichi Peng, Francisco Beltran, Christopher MacMahon, Caitlin Rathe and Julie Johnson. I greatly appreciate my students who have pushed me to delve deeper into the subjects I teach and motivated my scholarship. Special thanks to our staff graduate advisor Darcy Ritzau for her professional assistance and emotional support at every critical point of this journey. I want to acknowledge the incredible people who I came across in my travels across the country. Their conversations with me have shed light on the country I study. This dissertation would not have been completed without the financial support from the Department of History and Graduate Division. A research award established by Professor Janet Afary and Professor Eileen Boris funded my travel to the National Archives in Seattle. v I have been very fortunate to work with Professor Catherine Ceniza Choy and Professor Judy Wu on my book chapter in their co-edited anthology Gendering the Trans-Pacific World. I greatly appreciate Professor Choy for expressing her interest in my work and her thorough suggestions on multiple drafts. Both editors’ efforts to organize international conference panels, promote scholarly exchanges and foster community around the anthology have offered me rare opportunities to present my research alongside with other senior scholars. Without this community, my understanding of the trans-Pacific approach would have been shallower. Professor Karen Thornber and Professor Gordon Chang raised important and helpful questions to my conference presentations on this research. I would like to extend my thanks to all the librarians and archivists who helped facilitate my research, especially William Greene at the National Archives at San Francisco who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted this project during my multiple trips there. During my research trip in China, Professor Xingmei Yang at the Sichuan University directed my attention to the sources on the exhibition of Chinese women in 1904 World’s Fair. Professor Guoxiong Zhang and Professor Jin Liu at the Wuyi University generously shared with me their research findings and the sources housed in their special collection. I cannot leave this page without mentioning Dr. Greg Lewis, who first connected me with UCSB and introduced me Dr. Russell Burrows and Michael Shepard. They offered all sorts of help to support me while I was preparing for my study in U.S. graduate programs. Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to my parents for their profound faith in my abilities. I want to thank my families and old friends who have been supportive of this journey. Their love and trust were an integral part of the days during which I wrote the following pages. vi VITA OF FANG HE December 2018 EDUCATION Bachelor of Arts in History, Southwest University, June 2009 Master of Arts in World History, Renmin University of China, June 2012 Doctor of Philosophy in History, University of California, Santa Barbara, December 2018 PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT 2013-2018: Teaching Assistant, Departments of History and Asian American Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara Spring 2017: Teaching Associate, Department of Asian American Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara PUBLICATIONS Book Chapter (Peer-reviewed), “‘Golden Lilies’ Across the Pacific: Footbinding and the American Enforcement of Chinese Exclusion Laws.” In Gendering the Trans- Pacific World: Diaspora, Empire, and Race, edited by Catherine Ceniza Choy and Judy Tzu-Chun Wu (Brill, 2017). Encyclopedia Entry, “Biography of Mrs. Robert J. Burdette, b.1855-d.1954.” In Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890–1920 (online database: Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000, 2017). Book Review, In Pursuit of Gold: Chinese American Miners and Merchants in the American West, by Sue Fawn Chung. Urbana, Il.: University of Illinois Press, 2011. In Enterprise & Society, 2015, 16: 988 - 990. Encyclopedia Entry, “Charles K. Kao.” In Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, and Political History (ABC-CLIO, 2014). AWARDS 2018 Richard and Jeanne Williams Endowed Graduate Fellowship Department Conference and Research Grants 2017 Graduate Division Dissertation Fellowship Regent’s Dissertation Fellowship Robert O. Collins Prize for “the most impressive first publication” History Associates Fellowship Department Conference and Research Grants 2016 “People’s Choice” Award, UCSB Grad Slam Women, Gender, and Social Justice: Intersectional and Transnational Research Award vii Richard and Jeanne Williams Endowed Graduate Fellowship History Associates Fellowship Regent’s Dissertation Fellowship Doctoral Student Travel Grant, Academic Senate, Santa Barbara Division Department Conference and Research Grants 2015 James D. Kline Fund for International Studies Award Humanities & Social Sciences Research Grant Joseph E. And Gina Laun Janotta Foundation Research Prize 2012 Outstanding Graduate Student Awards of Beijing, only winner of History Department 2011 Department Research Grants, Renmin University of China 2010 “Excellent Paper” Award, World History Forum, Beijing Normal University 2009-2012 Fellowships, Renmin University of China FIELDS OF STUDY Asian American History with Professor Xiaojian Zhao U.S. History with Professor Patricia Cohen Comparative Gender with Professor Stephan Miescher China Studies with Professor Mayfair Yang viii ABSTRACT “Golden Lilies” Across the Pacific: Bodies and Paradoxes of U.S. Inclusion in Enforcing the Chinese Exclusion Laws by Fang He “Golden lilies” is a euphonious English term widely used to refer to bound feet or bound-foot Chinese women. The female foot, although is usually seen as a personal and trivial matter
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Manchus: a Horse of a Different Color
    History in the Making Volume 8 Article 7 January 2015 Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color Hannah Knight CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Knight, Hannah (2015) "Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color," History in the Making: Vol. 8 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol8/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color by Hannah Knight Abstract: The question of identity has been one of the biggest questions addressed to humanity. Whether in terms of a country, a group or an individual, the exact definition is almost as difficult to answer as to what constitutes a group. The Manchus, an ethnic group in China, also faced this dilemma. It was an issue that lasted throughout their entire time as rulers of the Qing Dynasty (1644- 1911) and thereafter. Though the guidelines and group characteristics changed throughout that period one aspect remained clear: they did not sinicize with the Chinese Culture. At the beginning of their rule, the Manchus implemented changes that would transform the appearance of China, bringing it closer to the identity that the world recognizes today. In the course of examining three time periods, 1644, 1911, and the 1930’s, this paper looks at the significant events of the period, the changing aspects, and the Manchus and the Qing Imperial Court’s relations with their greater Han Chinese subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Ed Lee Gossett Papers
    E D G UIDE TO THE P APERS OF E D L EE G OSSETT Box 1 IMMIGRATION/DISPLACED PERSONS Correspondence 7 folders: 1945-1946 FOLDER CONTENTS 1 Correspondence, March, 1948 2 Correspondence, 1945. 3 Immigration Committee, 1946. Correspondence concerning quotas. The following are copies of bills introduced in the House of Representatives : H. R. 2626...to provide for the extension...of the Classification Act of 1923... / Mr. Ramspeck. -- March 15, 1945. -- 3 p. H. R. 3663 ...to amend the immigration and naturalization laws... / Mr. Gossett. -- July 3, 1945. -- 3 p. H. R. 4970...for the relief of Samuel Valente / Mr. Byrne. -- Dec. 12, 1945. -- 1 p. H. R. 4866...for the relief of Ezra Buttler Eddy, Jr... / Mr. Latham. -- Nov. 29, 1945. -- 1 p. H. R. 5454... to amend the Immigration Act of Feb. 5, 1917... -- June 26, 1946. -- typed carbon ; legal size ; 2 leaves + Objections to H.R. 5454, as amended. -- typed ; legal size ; 2 leaves. H. R. 6120....relating to the admission...of certain individuals who have served in the Polish Army... / Mr. Sadowski. -- April 13, 1946. -- 2 p. Plus the following article : My Japanese wife... / by Raymond Cromley. — The American Magazine. -- Dec., 1942. -- reprint ; 4 p. 4 Committee correspondence re H. R. 3663, 1946. Includes Brief statement of facts and holdings on designated deportation cases / Federal Law Section. — Washington : Library of Congress Legislative Reference Service, April 8, 1946. -- carbon copy ; 3 leaves. Statement / by Lewis G. Hines (National legislative representative). -- American Federation of Labor, March 20, 1946. -- mimeographed ; 2 leaves Statement in opposition to H. R.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian History & Biography
    Issue 98: Christianity in China As for Me and My House The house-church movement survived persecution and created a surge of Christian growth across China. Tony Lambert On the eve of the Communist victory in 1949, there were around one million Protestants (of all denominations) in China. In 2007, even the most conservative official polls reported 40 million, and these do not take into account the millions of secret Christians in the Communist Party and the government. What accounts for this astounding growth? Many observers point to the role of Chinese house churches. The house-church movement began in the pre-1949 missionary era. New converts—especially in evangelical missions like the China Inland Mission and the Christian & Missionary Alliance—would often meet in homes. Also, the rapidly growing independent churches, such as the True Jesus Church, the Little Flock, and the Jesus Family, stressed lay ministry and evangelism. The Little Flock had no pastors, relying on every "brother" to lead ministry, and attracted many educated city people and students who were dissatisfied with the traditional foreign missions and denominations. The Jesus Family practiced communal living and attracted the rural poor. These independent churches were uniquely placed to survive, and eventually flourish, in the new, strictly-controlled environment. In the early 1950s, the Three-Self Patriotic Movement eliminated denominations and created a stifling political control over the dwindling churches. Many believers quietly began to pull out of this system.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of the Queue: Hair As Symbol in Chinese History Michael Godley
    East Asian History NUMBER 8 . DECEMBER 1994 THE CONTINUATION OF Paperson Far EasternHistory Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University Editor Geremie R. Barme Assistant Editor Helen Lo Editorial Board John Clark Mark Elvin (Convenor) Helen Hardacre John Fincher Andrew Fraser Colin Jeffcott W. J. F. Jenner Lo Hui-min Gavan McCormack David Marr Tessa Morris-Suzuki Michael Underdown Business Manager Marion Weeks Production Helen Lo Design Maureen MacKenzie (Em Squared Typographic Design), Helen Lo Printed by Goanna Print, Fyshwick, ACT This is the eighth issue of East Asian History in the series previously entitled Papers on Far Eastern History. The journal is published twice a year. Contributions to The Editor, East Asian History Division of Pacific & Asian History, Research School of Pacific & Asian Studies Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Phone +61 62493140 Fax +61 62495525 Subscription Enquiries Subscription Manager, East Asian History, at the above address Annual Subscription Australia A$45 Overseas US$45 (for two issues) iii CONTENTS 1 Mid-Ch'ing New Text (Chin-wen) Classical Learning and its Han Provenance: the Dynamics of a Tradition of Ideas On-cho Ng 33 From Myth to Reality: Chinese Courtesans in Late-Qing Shanghai Christian Henriot 53 The End of the Queue: Hair as Symbol in Chinese History Michael Godley 73 Broken Journey: Nhfti Linh's "Going to France" Greg and Monique Lockhart 135 Chinese Masculinity: Theorising' Wen' and' Wu ' Kam Louie and Louise Edwards iv Cover calligraphy Yan Zhenqing �JU!iUruJ, Tang calligrapher and statesman Cover picture The walled city of Shanghai (Shanghai xianzhi, 1872) THE END OF THE QUEUE: HAIR AS SYMBOL IN CHINESE HISTORY ..J1! Michael R.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Women and the Making of a Modern Chinese Family: an Exploration of Nü Duo 女鐸, 1912–1951
    Christian Women and the Making of a Modern Chinese Family: an Exploration of Nü duo 女鐸, 1912–1951 Zhou Yun A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University February 2019 © Copyright by Zhou Yun 2019 All Rights Reserved Except where otherwise acknowledged, this thesis is my own original work. Acknowledgements I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Benjamin Penny for his valuable suggestions and constant patience throughout my five years at The Australian National University (ANU). His invitation to study for a Doctorate at Australian Centre on China in the World (CIW) not only made this project possible but also kindled my academic pursuit of the history of Christianity. Coming from a research background of contemporary Christian movements among diaspora Chinese, I realise that an appreciation of the present cannot be fully achieved without a thorough study of the past. I was very grateful to be given the opportunity to research the Republican era and in particular the development of Christianity among Chinese women. I wish to thank my two co-advisers—Dr. Wei Shuge and Dr. Zhu Yujie—for their time and guidance. Shuge’s advice has been especially helpful in the development of my thesis. Her honest critiques and insightful suggestions demonstrated how to conduct conscientious scholarship. I would also like to extend my thanks to friends and colleagues who helped me with my research in various ways. Special thanks to Dr. Caroline Stevenson for her great proof reading skills and Dr. Paul Farrelly for his time in checking the revised parts of my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2015: Chinese Americans in San Mateo County
    Summer 2015 LaThe Journal of the SanPeninsula Mateo County Historical Association, Volume xliii, No. 2 Chinese Americans in San Mateo County Our Vision Table of Contents To discover the past and imagine the future. The Chinese in San Mateo County: An Introduction ......................................... 3 by Albert A. Acena, Ph.D. Our Mission Shrimp Camps of San Mateo County .............................................................. 6 To inspire wonder and by Mitchell P. Postel discovery of the cultural Ah Sam .............................................................................................................. 14 and natural history of San by Nellie Leong Mateo County. The Cases of Sing Sheng and Robert U.M. Ting .............................................. 22 by Mitchell P. Postel Accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. The San Mateo County Historical Association Board of Directors Paul Barulich, Chairman; Barbara Pierce, Vice Chairwoman; Shawn DeLuna, Secretary; Dee Tolles, Treasurer; Thomas Ames; Alpio Barbara; Keith Bautista; Sandra McLellan Behling; John Blake; Elaine Breeze; David Canepa; Chonita E. Cleary; Tracy De Leuw; Dee Eva; Ted Everett; Tania Gaspar; Mark Jamison; Wally Jansen; Peggy Bort Jones; The San Mateo County Doug Keyston; John LaTorra; Emmet W. MacCorkle; Karen S. McCown; Nick Marikian; Historical Association Olivia Garcia Martinez; Gene Mullin; Bob Oyster; Patrick Ryan; Paul Shepherd; John operates the San Mateo Shroyer; Bill Stronck; Joseph Welch III; Shawn White and Mitchell P. Postel, President. County History Museum and Archives at the old San President’s Advisory Board Albert A. Acena; Arthur H. Bredenbeck; John Clinton; Robert M. Desky; T. Jack Foster, Mateo County Courthouse Jr.; Umang Gupta; Greg Munks; Phill Raiser; Cynthia L. Schreurs and John Schrup. located in Redwood City, California, and administers Leadership Council two county historical sites, John C.
    [Show full text]
  • And the Changing Chinese Community in Peru Isabelle Lausent-Herrera
    Tusans (tusheng) and the Changing Chinese Community in Peru Isabelle Lausent-Herrera To cite this version: Isabelle Lausent-Herrera. Tusans (tusheng) and the Changing Chinese Community in Peru. Journal of Chinese Overseas, Brill Academic Publishers, 2009, 7 (1), pp.115-152. 10.1163/179325409X434522. halshs-00598152 HAL Id: halshs-00598152 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00598152 Submitted on 4 Jun 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Chinese Overseas 5 (2009) 115-152 brill.nl/jco Tusans (tusheng) and the Changing Chinese Community in Peru Isabelle Lausent-Herrera* Abstract Since their arrival in Peru 160 years ago, the Chinese have struggled to form a community. Faced with hard living conditions, scattered in haciendas, deprived of Chinese women and suff ering from racism, mistreatment and restrictive immigration laws, the task of keeping alive seemed insurmountable. Paradoxically, the emergence and consolidation of the Chinese community came about through mestizaje and conversion to Catholicism. Th is mestizaje allowed them to rebuild the Chinese family structure, though an internal hierarchy appeared depending on the degree of mestizaje. Th e Catholic Church also played a role as artisan of Chinese identity by help- ing at the very beginning with the organization of associations and by strengthening the sense of belonging and recognition of the Tusans (tusheng in Mandarin) or “local born” as part of the Chinese community.
    [Show full text]
  • Changemakers: Biographies of African Americans in San Francisco Who Made a Difference
    The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Leo T. McCarthy Center for Public Service and McCarthy Center Student Scholarship the Common Good 2020 Changemakers: Biographies of African Americans in San Francisco Who Made a Difference David Donahue Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/mccarthy_stu Part of the History Commons CHANGEMAKERS AFRICAN AMERICANS IN SAN FRANCISCO WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE Biographies inspired by San Francisco’s Ella Hill Hutch Community Center murals researched, written, and edited by the University of San Francisco’s Martín-Baró Scholars and Esther Madríz Diversity Scholars CHANGEMAKERS: AFRICAN AMERICANS IN SAN FRANCISCO WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE © 2020 First edition, second printing University of San Francisco 2130 Fulton Street San Francisco, CA 94117 Published with the generous support of the Walter and Elise Haas Fund, Engage San Francisco, The Leo T. McCarthy Center for Public Service and the Common Good, The University of San Francisco College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Francisco Student Housing and Residential Education The front cover features a 1992 portrait of Ella Hill Hutch, painted by Eugene E. White The Inspiration Murals were painted in 1999 by Josef Norris, curated by Leonard ‘Lefty’ Gordon and Wendy Nelder, and supported by the San Francisco Arts Commission and the Mayor’s Offi ce Neighborhood Beautifi cation Project Grateful acknowledgment is made to the many contributors who made this book possible. Please see the back pages for more acknowledgments. The opinions expressed herein represent the voices of students at the University of San Francisco and do not necessarily refl ect the opinions of the University or our sponsors.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 12-2019 More Than Hatchetmen: Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon Brenda M. Horrocks Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Horrocks, Brenda M., "More Than Hatchetmen: Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon" (2019). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7671. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7671 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MORE THAN HATCHETMEN: CHINESE EXCLUSION AND TONG WARS IN PORTLAND, OREGON by Brenda M. Horrocks A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Colleen O’Neill, Ph.D. Angela Diaz, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Li Guo, Ph.D. Richard S. Inouye, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice Provost for Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2019 ii Copyright © Brenda Horrocks All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT More Than Hatchetmen: Chinese Exclusion and Tong Wars in Portland, Oregon by Brenda M. Horrocks, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2019 Major Professor: Dr. Colleen O’Neill Department: History During the middle to late nineteenth century, Chinese immigration hit record levels in the United States. This led to the growth of Chinatowns across the West Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese American Transnationalism
    P1: IML/FFX P2: IML/FFX QC: IML/FFX T1: IML GRBT072-Chan September 14, 2005 20:25 Preface and Acknowledgments This book is the third volume in a loosely connected trilogy on the Chinese exclusion era. The first volume, Entry Denied,1 published in 1991, contains eight essays, four of which analyze how the exclu- sion laws and the changing ways in which they were enforced affected Chinese communities in the United States. The other four essays docu- ment how members of those communities dealt with the constraints on their lives by relying on a complex institutional structure that enabled them to combat the laws while connecting them to larger developments in both China and the United States. In contrast to the focus on institu- tions in the first volume, the seven chapters in Claiming America,2 the sec- ond volume published in 1998, explore the multidimensional conscious- ness of individuals. They examine how some first- and second-generation Chinese Americans claimed America as their own by forcefully asserting that they, too, believed in democracy and equality. They declared that Chinese were not simply earning a living in the United States as “sojourn- ers,” but were also self-consciously embracing the American creed despite the fact that their presence was not welcomed on American soil. In the present volume, Chinese American Transnationalism, the eight contribu- tors dissect the many ways in which Chinese living in the United States maintained ties to China through a constant transpacific flow of people, economic resources, and political and cultural ideas, the exclusion laws notwithstanding.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Missionary Journal, “Chinese Character” This Article Was
    1. Missionary Journal, “Chinese Character” This article was published in a Protestant missionary journal, based in Canton, that operated from 1832 until 1851. Its readership included both the foreigners living in Canton and home religious communities in Britain and the United States. It is worthwhile noting that the title of the article places the author in the position of knowledgeable observer, thereby rendering his comments both “factual” and honest. The author maintains a sympathetic attitude towards Chinese women, citing their beauty and charm, yet paints them as victims of insensitive males and an oppressive culture, presuming an invisible sorrow shared by all women in China. Confucianism is named as the primary offender, and Christian conversion the sole savior. One may presume that this portrayal of delicate Chinese women as victims of brutish Confucianism helped to excite enthusiasm for the missionary cause in China both at home and abroad. Source: Lay, G. Tradescant. “Remarks on Chinese Character and Customs.” Chinese Repository 12 (1843): 139-142. No apology can or ought to be made in the behalf of the unfeeling practice of spoiling the feet of the female. It had its origin solely in pride, which after the familiar adage, is said to feel no pain. It is deemed, however, such an essential among the elements of feminine beauty, that nothing save the sublimer considerations of Christianity will ever wean them from the infatuation. The more reduced this useful member is, the more graceful and becoming it is thought to be. When gentlemen are reciting the unparalleled charms of Súchau ladies they seldom forget to mention the extreme smallness of the foot, as that which renders them complete, and lays the topstone upon all the rest of their personal accomplishments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Irish and Chinese: Migration, Exclusion, and Foreign Relations Among Empires, 1784-1904
    THE GLOBAL IRISH AND CHINESE: MIGRATION, EXCLUSION, AND FOREIGN RELATIONS AMONG EMPIRES, 1784-1904 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Barry Patrick McCarron, M.A. Washington, DC April 6, 2016 Copyright 2016 by Barry Patrick McCarron All Rights Reserved ii THE GLOBAL IRISH AND CHINESE: MIGRATION, EXCLUSION, AND FOREIGN RELATIONS AMONG EMPIRES, 1784-1904 Barry Patrick McCarron, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Carol A. Benedict, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation is the first study to examine the Irish and Chinese interethnic and interracial dynamic in the United States and the British Empire in Australia and Canada during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Utilizing comparative and transnational perspectives and drawing on multinational and multilingual archival research including Chinese language sources, “The Global Irish and Chinese” argues that Irish immigrants were at the forefront of anti-Chinese movements in Australia, Canada, and the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century. Their rhetoric and actions gave rise to Chinese immigration restriction legislation and caused major friction in the Qing Empire’s foreign relations with the United States and the British Empire. Moreover, Irish immigrants east and west of the Rocky Mountains and on both sides of the Canada-United States border were central to the formation of a transnational white working-class alliance aimed at restricting the flow of Chinese labor into North America. Looking at the intersections of race, class, ethnicity, and gender, this project reveals a complicated history of relations between the Irish and Chinese in Australia, Canada, and the United States, which began in earnest with the mid-nineteenth century gold rushes in California, New South Wales, Victoria, and British Columbia.
    [Show full text]