Grey Wolf Grizzly Bear Canis lupus Ursus arctos
Bald Eagle Beaver Haliaeetus leucocephalus Castor canadensi
Elk Willow Tree Cervus canadensis Salix boothii
Deer Mouse Coyote Peromyscus maniculatus Canis latrans
Grey Wolf Grizzly Bear Canis lupus Ursus arctos
The Grey Wolf help control The Grizzly Bear (or Brown Bear) help ecosystems by keeping ungulate ecosystems by distributing seeds and numbers low through predation, and help regulate ungulate populations. keep coyote populations low by out- In this simulation, each summer they: competing them for food. -produce two offspring per pair In this simulation, each summer they: -lose one member to natural death -produce two offspring per pair -lose no members to predation -lose one member to natural death
-lose no members to predation
Bald Eagle Beaver Haliaeetus leucocephalus Castor canadensi
The Bald Eagle keeps small mammal Beavers are the biggest contributors populations down through predation. to landscape manipulation (after They are also skilled scavengers and humans) as they flood plains and rely on wolves and bears for create dams. They provide essential carcasses. landscape for many plants and animals. In this simulation, each summer they: In this simulation, each summer they: -produce four offspring per pair -produce four offspring per pair -lose two members to natural death -lose one members to natural death -lose no members to predation -lose one member to predation for every
two coyotes
Elk Willow Tree Cervus canadensis Salix boothii
Elks help ecosystem by aerating soil Willow trees provide habitat and with their hooves, but if there are too protection to several small mammals many elk, over-grazing can lead to and birds. They rely elk and small serious issues in the ecosystem. mammals to distribute their seeds.
In this simulation, each summer they: In this simulation, each summer they:
-produce three offspring per pair -produce four offspring per pair (dioecious) -lose two members to natural death -lose one members to natural death -lose one member to predation per four wolves -lose one member to grazing by elk
Deer Mouse Coyote Peromyscus maniculatus Canis latrans
Small mammals such as deer mice are Coyotes help keep the small mammal essential to many animal’s diets such population down, but unless there as coyotes and raptors. If there are are wolves to compete with coyotes, too many coyotes, they will often their populations will increase outcompete with the raptors for dramatically, causing detrimental food. effects to the ecosystem.
In this simulation, each summer they: In this simulation, each summer they:
-produce six offspring per pair -produce three offspring per pair
-lose four members to natural death -lose one member to natural death
-lose one member to predation per -lose one member to predation/out- coyote competition per five wolves
Note to teachers: If a colour printer is not available, use felts or pencil crayons to indicate which colour each species is.