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A Case of Unusual Head Scalation in Vipera Ammodytes

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A Case of Unusual Head Scalation in Vipera Ammodytes North-Western Journal of Zoology 2019, vol.15 (2) - Correspondence: Notes 195 Castillo, G.N., González-Rivas C.J., Acosta J.C. (2018b): Salvator rufescens Article No.: e197504 (Argentine Red Tegu). Diet. Herpetological Review 49: 539-540. Received: 15. April 2019 / Accepted: 21. April 2019 Castillo, G.N., Acosta, J.C., Blanco, G.M. (2019): Trophic analysis and Available online: 25. April 2019 / Printed: December 2019 parasitological aspects of Liolaemus parvus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) in the Central Andes of Argentina. Turkish Journal of Zoology 43: 277-286. Castillo, G.N., Acosta J.C., Ramallo G., Pizarro J. (2018a): Pattern of infection by Gabriel Natalio CASTILLO1,2,3,*, Parapharyngodon riojensis Ramallo, Bursey, Goldberg 2002 (Nematoda: 1,4 Pharyngodonidae) in the lizard Phymaturus extrilidus from Puna region, Cynthia GONZÁLEZ-RIVAS Argentina. Annals of Parasitology 64: 83-88. and Juan Carlos ACOSTA1,2 Cruz, F.B., Silva, S., Scrocchi, G.J. (1998): Ecology of the lizard Tropidurus etheridgei (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the dry Chaco of Salta, 1. Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University Argentina. Herpetological Natural History 6: 23-31. of San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590, 5402, San Juan, Argentina. Goldberg, S.R., Bursey, C.R., Morando, M. (2004): Metazoan endoparasites of 12 2. DIBIOVA Research Office (Diversity and Biology of Vertebrates of species of lizards from Argentina. Comparative Parasitology 71: 208-214. the Arid), National University of San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Lamas, M.F., Céspedez, J.A., Ruiz-García, J.A. (2016): Primer registro de Roza 590, 5402, San Juan, Argentina. nematodes parásitos para la culebra Xenodon merremi (Squamata, 3. CONICET (National Council of Scientific and Technical Research), Dipsadidae) en Argentina. Facena 32: 59-67. Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590, 5402, San Juan, Argentina. Lamas, M.F., Zaracho, V.H. (2006): Tropidurus torquatus. Endoparasites. 4. Center for Rehabilitation of Wildlife, Environmental Education Herpetology Review 37: 474-475. and Responsible Recreation, San Juan, Argentina. Márquez, J., Martínez Carretero, E., Dalmasso A. (2016): Provincias * Corresponding author, G. Castillo, E-mail: [email protected] fitogeográficas de la Provincia de San Juan. pp. 187-197. En: Martínez Carretero, E., Garcia A. (eds), San Juan Ambiental, 1º edición. Editorial INCA, Mendoza. Montero, R., Abdala, V., Moro, S., Gallardo, G. (2004): Atlas de Tupinambis rufescens (Squamata: Teiidae). Anatomía externa, osteología y bibliografía. Cuadernos de Herpetología 18:17-32. A case of unusual head scalation in O’Grady, S.P., Dearing, M.D. (2006): Isotopic insight into host–endosymbiont Vipera ammodytes (Squamata: relationships in Liolaemidae lizards. Oecologia 150: 355-361. Ortlepp, R.J. (1922): The nematode genus Physaloptera Rudolphi. Proceedings of Serpentes: Viperidae) the Zoological Society of London 4: 999-1107. in Western Serbia Pereira, F.B., Alves, P.V., Rocha, B.M., de Souza Lima, S., Luque, J.L. (2012): A new Physaloptera (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) parasite of Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) from southeastern Brazil. Journal of In squamates, head scalation is often used in taxonomic Parasitology 98: 1227-1235. identification of a species (Ursel 1978; Sanders et al. 2006), as Pereira, F.B., Alves, P.V., Rocha, B.M., de Souza Lima, S., Luque, J.L. (2014): the genes which determine the developmental processes re- Physaloptera bainae n. sp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) parasitic in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae), with a key to Physaloptera species parasitizing lated to scalation could change through the speciation (Mur- reptiles from Brazil. Journal of Parasitology 100: 221-227. phy et al. 1987 and references therein). Some studies have Ramallo, G., Bursey, C., Castillo, G., Acosta, J.C. (2016): New species of suggested that the scalation pattern could have genetic Parapharyngodon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) in Phymaturus spp. (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Argentina. Acta Parasitologica 61: 461-465. (Murphy et al. 1987; King 1997), environmental (Lourdais et Ramallo, G., Bursey, C.H., Goldberg, S., Castillo, G., Acosta, J.C. (2017b): al. 2004), or combined background (Uveges et al. 2012). It is Phymaturus extrilidus. Endoparasites. Herpetological Review 48: 198. therefore important to report any deviation from the “typi- Ramallo, G., Bursey, C.R., Goldberg, S.R. (2002): Spauligodon loboi n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) parasite of Liolaemus spp. (Iguania: cal” head scalation pattern in a squamate species, as it can be Liolaemidae) from northwestern Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 88: 370- relevant for different evolutionary and ecological studies. 374. Furthermore, some studies suggested that inbreeding (Mur- Ramallo, G., Goldberg, S., Bursey, C., Castillo, G., Acosta, J.C. (2017a): Thubunaea eleodori sp. nov. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from Liolaemus phy et al. 1987; Olsson et al. 1996) or abiotic factors such as eleodori (Sauria: Liolaemidae) from Argentina. Parasitology Research 116: temperature (Shine et al. 2005; Idrisova 2018) could contrib- 293-297. ute to the morphological abnormalities such as unusual sca- Ramallo, G.R., Díaz, F. (1998): Physaloptera lutzi (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) lation pattern. Sometimes, such malformations could indi- parasite de Liolaemus (Iguania, Tropiduridae) del noroeste Argentino. Boletín Chileno de Parasitología 53: 19-22. cate the need for future conservation assessments or actions Ribas, S.C., Rocha, C.F.D., Teixeira-Filho, P.F., Vicente, J.J. (1995): Helminths on particular population(s) as some malformations can be (Nematoda) of the lizard Cnemidophorus ocellifer (Sauria: Teiidae): Assessing correlated with the ecological performance of the individual the effect of rainfall, body size and sex in the nematode infection rates. Ciencia e Cultura 47: 88-91. (Brown et al. 2017). Here we report a case of atypical head Rudolphi, C.A. (1819): Entozoorum Synopsis, Cui Accedunt Mantissa Duplex et scalation in a nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes), as we Indices Locupletissimi. Augusti Rucker, Berlin, Germany. did not detect it in this species in more than thirty years of Skrjabin, K.I., Shikhobalova, N.P., Lagodovskaya, E.A. (1960): Oxyurata of animals and man. Part one. Oxyuroidea. Essentials of Nematodology, Vol. field work. VIII. Israel Program for Scientific Translations. Moskva, Russia. Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) is venomous snake Spinelli, C.M., Fiorito de López, L.E., Stiebel, C. (1992): Alteraciones with a distribution range that spans from southern Austria histológicas en el intestino delgado en Tupinambis rufescens (Sauria: teiidae) causadas por Diaphanocephalus galestus (Nematoda: diaphanocephalidae). and northern Italy, through the Balkans to Asia Minor Cuadernos de Herpetología 7: 37-40. (Crnobrnja-Isailović & Haxhiu 1997). It is one of the larger Sprehn, C. (1932): Uber einige von Dr. Eisentraut in Bolivien gesammelte European vipers, with the total body length usually up to 1 nematoden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 100: 273-284. m (Arnold & Ovenden 2002). The head is large, triangular, Vicente, J.J., Rodrigues, H.D.O., Gomes, D.C., Pinto, R.M. (1993): Brazilian nematodes. Part III: Nematodes of reptiles. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 10: with its dorsal side covered by small scales, except for the 19-168. supraoculars (Arnold & Ovenden 2002). Within its range, the Vieira, T.D., Fedatto-Bernardon, F., Müller, G. (2016): Diaphanocephalus galeatus species is easily recognizable by the prominent horn on the (Nematoda: Diaphanocephalidae), parásito de Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) en el sur del Brasil. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 512-515. top of the viper’s snout. It has 21-23 rows (sometimes 19) of dorsal scales on the mid body and 137-163 ventral scales Key words: Homonota underwoodi, nematodes, Physaloptera retusa, (Tomović 2006; Boulenger 1913). There is a sexual dimor- Pharyngodon, parasites, Salvator rufescens, Teius teyou. phism which is the most prominent in the tail length and 196 North-Western Journal of Zoology 2019, vol.15 (2) - Correspondence: Notes number of subcaudal scales (males have longer tail and more subcaudal scales) (Tomović 2002). During a survey carried out on October 11th 2018 in western Serbia, we encountered a juvenile nose-horned vi- per (total length L =248 mm) which had large dorsal head scales on the central part of the head, besides the normal large supraoculars and other small scales (Fig.1). The large scales could be considered as one scale incompletely sepa- rated or as two large scales with the smaller one in between (Fig.1). We did not record any other unusual morphological trait on this viper. The individual had 2 supraoculars, 12 small scales surrounding the eyes, 6 midorbitals, 1 supraros- tral and the eyes were separated with two rows of scales from the supralabials. The head length was 17,98 mm, the head width was 11,74 mm, the rostral height was 2,06 mm, the rostral width was 2,00 mm and the horn height was 3,60 Figure 1. Nose-horned viper with large head scales. mm. All these measurements of morphometric characters are within the usual range of values previously published for V. ammodytes (for example see Tomović 2006; Tok & Kumluts 1996). The snake’s behaviour was the same as in other en- countered nose-horned vipers. All the examinations were done in situ and the animal was marked and released after- wards. In the same local population, this viper was the only one among the 18 measured individuals which had large head scales.
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