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Further Evidence of Nocturnal Activity of Vipera Ammodytes (LINNAEUS, 1758) 107-108 All Short Notes (Seiten 59-112):SHORT NOTE.Qxd 07.08.2017 19:59 Seite 49 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Herpetozoa Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 30_1_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Zadravec Mladen, Koren Toni Artikel/Article: Further evidence of nocturnal activity of Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS, 1758) 107-108 All_Short_Notes_(Seiten 59-112):SHORT_NOTE.qxd 07.08.2017 19:59 Seite 49 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 30 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2017 SHORT NOTE 107 um (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) containing tap Peninsular Malaysia.- Malaysian Applied Biology, water. The bottom part of a foam nest was Kuala Lumpur; 40 (2): 9-17. SHERIDAN , J. A. (2008): Ecology and behaviour of Polypedates leucomystax attached in contact to the water surface. (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Northeast Thai land.- Approximately 72 hours later , 88.5 % (138 Herpetological Review, New york; 39 (2): 165-169. out of 156) of the eggs hatched, and the tad - SUKUMARAN , J. & VAN DIJK , P. P. & C HUAyNKERN , y & poles dropped into the water. The total ISKANDAR , D. & y AAKOB , N. & T ZI MING , L. (2004): Rhacophorus prominanus. The IUCN Red List of length of the tadpoles at hatching (stage 25; Threatened Species 2004. WWW document available GOSNER 1960) was 8.1 ± 0.74 (7-9, N = 10) at < http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/59015/0 > mm. Subsequent to this study, all the spec - < e.T59015A11868932. > < http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/ imens were released back to their natural IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59015A11868932.en > [last environment. accessed: February 24, 2017] KEy WORDS: Amphibia: Anura: Rhacopho - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The author wishes ridae; Rhacophorus prominanus , reproductive biology, to express his gratitude to Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sungai Sedim, Kedah, Malaysia Penang, for the facilities and amenities provided. This research project was funded by Universiti Sains SUBMITTED: July 18, 2017 Malaysia, Short Term Grant (304/PFARMASI/ AUTHOR: Shahriza SHAHRUDIN < shahriza20 6312127). @yahoo.com > − School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. REFERENCES: BERRy , P. y. (1964): The breed - ing patterns of seven species of Singapore Anura.- Journal of Animal Ecology.- Oxford, Berlin etc.; 13: 227-243. BERRy , P. y. (1975): The amphibian fauna of Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur (Tropical Press), Further evidence of nocturnal pp. X, 133. DUELLMAN , W. E. & T RUEB , L. (1986): Biology of amphibians. New york (McGraw-Hill Book activity of Vipera ammodytes Company), pp. 670. FENG , A. S. & N ARINS , P. M. (LINNAEUS , 175 8) (1991): Unusual mating behavior of Malaysian Tree - frogs, Polypedates leucomystax .- Naturwissen schaften, Berlin Heidelberg; 78: 362-365. GOSNER , K. L. (1960): Nose-horned Vipers, Vipera ammo - A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and lar - dytes (LINNAEUS , 1758), are predominantly vae with notes on identification.- Herpetologica, Law- diurnal, with rarely documented evidence of rence; 16: 183-190. GRISMER , L. L. (2011): Amphibi - ans and reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Penin - nocturnal activity during the warmest time sular Malaysia) – A field guide. Frankfurt (Edition of the year ( SCHREIBER 1912; K ARAMAN Chimaira), pp. 239 [ Frankfurt Contributions to Natural 1939; B RUNO 1967; M USHELISHVILI 1970; History, Vol. 50] . GROSJEAN , S. & D ELORME , A. & BANNIKOV et al. 1971; S TREET 1979; K REI- DUBOIS , A. & O HLER , A. (2008): Evolution of repro - duction in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia, Anura).- NER 2007 ). BOULENGER (1913), however Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary reports them to be principally nocturnal in Research, Berlin; 46 (2): 169-176. IBRAHIM , H. J. & warm localities, appearing in quantities dur - SHAHRUL ANUAR , M. S. & N OR HAyATI , A. & C HAN , K. ing moonlit nights. O. & M OHD ABDUL MUIN , M. A. (2008): The common amphibians and reptiles of Penang Island. Georgetown On 16 April 2015, during a reptile and (The State Forestry Department of Penang), pp. vii, amphibian survey within the Croatian EU 116. IBRAHIM , J. & W ONG , J. & M OHD FAZLIN , M. S. & Natura 2000 Integration Project NIP, an FATAN , H. y. & S ITI HADIJAH , y. & N ORHASLINDA , S. adult male V. ammodytes , measuring 89.5 (2011): Amphibian assemblage of Bubu Permanent Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia.- cm in total length, was found by the authors Malaysian Applied Biology. Kuala Lumpur; 40 (1): 1- at 21:00 h, near the village Kestenovac, 6. INGER , R . F. (1966): The systematics and zoogeog - municipality of Vojnić, near Karlovac, Cro - raphy of the amphibians of Borneo.- Fieldiana atia (45.222428°N, 15.635120°E, 175 m Zoology, Chicago; 52: 1-402. INGER , R. F. & S TUEBING , R. B . (1989): Frogs of Sabah . Kota Kinabalu (Sabah a.s.l.). It was moving about, crossing the Parks Trustees), pp. 132 [Sabah Parks Publication No. macadam road and tried to escape into 10]. JULIANA , S. & N ORHAyATI , A. & S INNAPPAH -K ANG , shrubbery between the road and the nearby N. D. & N ORDIN , M. (2002): High anuran diversity in stream, hissing loudly, apparently disturbed. the Sungai Weng sub-catchment, Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Kedah; pp. 536-541. In: OMAR , R. & A LI Before it was captured, the snake actively RAHMAN , Z. & L ATIF , M. T. & L IHAN , T. & A DAM , J. H. moved and hissed for approximately 15 (Eds.): Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on minutes. Its cloacal temperature was 14.1 Environment and Natural Resources, 10-11 April 2002, °C, while the ambient air temperature at 60 Renaissance Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. NORHAyATI , A. & F ARAH , A. D. & C HAN , K. O. & cm above ground was 12.6 °C (measured DAICUS , B. & M UIN , M. A. (2011): An update of her - with a Mastercool 52226 Dual Temp Infra - petofaunal records from Bukit Fraser, Pahang, red Probe Thermometer). All_Short_Notes_(Seiten 59-112):SHORT_NOTE.qxd 07.08.2017 19:59 Seite 50 108 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 30 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2017 SHORT NOTE Prior to this snake encounter, fresh Hypsiboas maculateralis snake excrement was observed on the CAMINER & R ON , 2014, macadam road, at a place most probably crossed by the viper. At the same locality new to Brazil several other reptile and amphibian species were active at that time: Zamenis longis - Amphibian populations are in serious simus (LAURENTI , 1768), Rana temporaria worldwide decline ( BLAUSTEIN & W AKE LINNAEUS , 1758, Hyla arborea (LIN NAEUS , 1990; PECHMANN & W ILBUR 1994). In re - 1758), and Bombina variegata (LIN NAEUS , mote areas of all the Amazonian countries 1758). No Nose-horned Vipers were en - where even many of the known species still countered by either author during the day, remain to be recorded, the absence of inven - despite searching through several appropri - tories adversely affects the knowledge of ate habitats in the area, under favorable the species richness ( CALDWELL 1996; weather conditions. AZEVEDO -R AMOS & G ALLATI 2002) and thus Since most reptile surveys, at least in the conservation status of regions and am - Croatia, are done during the day, it is most phibian species. probable that the potential nocturnal activi - The Hypsiboas fasciatus (GÜNTHER , ty of many species is still insufficiently 1858) – Hypsiboas calcaratus (T ROSCHEL , known. The observed synchronous and syn - 1848) species complex ( FUNK et al. 2012) topic nocturnal activity of several other rep - was formerly recognized to comprise two tiles and amphibians, which constitute a species widely distributed in the Amazonian potential prey for V. ammodytes is consistent region. Through an intensive taxonomic with the possibility that the observation of revision using the methods of “integrative this viper’s nocturnal activity was not an taxonomy”, CAMINER & R ON (2014) detect - isolated case. However, further surveys are ed four more unknown species within this needed to assess the full extent of this be - complex. One of these is Hypsiboas macu - havior. lateralis CAMINER & R ON , 2014, which in - ACKNOWLEGMENTS: The data was gath - habits primary and secondary forests and ered through the EU Natura 2000 Integration Project can be found in both floodplain and terra NIP permit no. UP/I-612-07/14-48//64, issued on May firme (unflooded) Amazonian lowland 5, 2014. forests ( CAMINER & R ON 2014). Currently, REFERENCES: BANNIKOV , A. G. & D A REVSKy , H. maculateralis is only known from the Pro - I. S. & R USTAMOV , A. K. (1971 ): Zemnovodnye i pres - mykayushchiesya SSSR [Amphibians and reptiles of vinces of Napo, Orellana, Pastaza and Su - the USSR]. Moskva (Izdatelistvo Mysl), pp. 303. cumbios in Ecuador and Madre de Dios in BRUNO , S. (1967): Sulla Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS , Peru ( CAMINER & R ON 2014; FROST 2016). 1758) in Italia.- Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Subsequent to the original description, no Naturale di Verona, Verona; 15 : 289-336. B OULENGER , G. A. (1913): The snakes of Europe. London (Methuen additional literature records have been pub - & Co. Ltd.), pp. 151. KARAMAN , S. (1939): Über die lished, and thus many aspects on this frog’s Verbreitung der Reptilien in Jugoslavien.- Annales biology and geographical distribution re - Musei Serbiae Meridionalis, Skoplje; 1: 1-20. KREI- main unknown. NER , G. (2007): The snakes of Europe: all species from west of the Caucasus Mountains. Frankfurt a. M. Herein the authors report the first (Edition Chimaira), pp. 317. MUSHELISHVILI , T. A. record of this species in Brazil (Fig. 1). (1970): Presmykayushchiesya vostochnoi Gruzii. Nine adult specimens (three females and six Tbilisi (Mecniereba), pp. 242. SCHREIBER
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