Staff Report

Public Version of the Staff Report _________________________________________________________________ UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Washington, DC _________________________________________________________________ CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS (WHETHER OR NOT PARTIALLY OR FULLY ASSEMBLED INTO OTHER PRODUCTS) Staff Report Investigation No. TA-201-75 CONTENTS Page Part I: Introduction ................................................................................................................ I‐1 Background ................................................................................................................................ I‐1 Statutory criteria and organization of the report ..................................................................... I‐2 Summary data ........................................................................................................................... I‐4 Previous and related investigations .......................................................................................... I‐8 Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules from China (Investigation Nos. 701‐TA‐481 and 731‐TA‐1190) (November 2012) ................................. I‐8 Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules from China and Taiwan (Investigation Nos. 701‐TA‐511 and 731‐TA‐1246‐1247) (February 2015) ........................... I‐8 The product ............................................................................................................................. I‐10 The imported articles described in this investigation ......................................................... I‐10 Like or directly competitive articles .................................................................................... I‐12 Physical properties .............................................................................................................. I‐15 Manufacturing facilities and processes ............................................................................... I‐24 Uses ..................................................................................................................................... I‐33 Marketing channels ............................................................................................................. I‐37 Discussion of specific products ............................................................................................ I‐42 U.S. tariff treatment ............................................................................................................ I‐52 The U.S. market ....................................................................................................................... I‐53 U.S. producers ..................................................................................................................... I‐53 U.S. importers ...................................................................................................................... I‐56 U.S. purchasers .................................................................................................................... I‐59 i CONTENTS Page Third‐country market import restraints .................................................................................. I‐60 The European Union ............................................................................................................ I‐61 India ..................................................................................................................................... I‐63 Australia ............................................................................................................................... I‐65 Canada ................................................................................................................................. I‐65 China .................................................................................................................................... I‐66 Turkey .................................................................................................................................. I‐67 Part II: Information relating to increased imports ................................................................. II‐1 U.S. imports .............................................................................................................................. II‐1 Country‐of‐origin based on cell manufacture location ........................................................ II‐1 Country‐of‐origin based on cell manufacture location except for NAFTA countries ........... II‐7 U.S. imports from China ..................................................................................................... II‐12 Forms of imported CSPV products ..................................................................................... II‐14 Importers' CSPV technology ............................................................................................... II‐16 U.S. importers’ imports subsequent to December 31, 2016 ................................................. II‐18 Imports by U.S. producers and related firms ......................................................................... II‐20 U.S. imports relative to production ....................................................................................... II‐28 U.S. imports from Canada, China, and Mexico ...................................................................... II‐17 Part III: Serious injury or threat of serious injury ................................................................. III‐1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. III‐1 U.S. producers’ ownership and related or affiliated firms .................................................. III‐1 Reported changes experienced and anticipated by the industry ....................................... III‐3 U.S. production, capacity, and capacity utilization ................................................................. III‐9 CSPV cells ............................................................................................................................. III‐9 CSPV modules .................................................................................................................... III‐23 U.S. producers’ shipments .................................................................................................... III‐27 CSPV cells ........................................................................................................................... III‐27 ii CONTENTS Page CSPV modules .................................................................................................................... III‐29 U.S. commercial shipments, by form of CSPV product ..................................................... III‐31 U.S.‐origin U.S. shipments for apparent consumption ..................................................... III‐33 Inventories maintained by U.S. producers and U.S. importers ............................................ III‐35 U.S. producers’ inventories ............................................................................................... III‐35 U.S. importers’ inventories ................................................................................................ III‐37 U.S. employment, hours, and wages .................................................................................... III‐38 CSPV cells ........................................................................................................................... III‐38 CSPV modules .................................................................................................................... III‐39 Financial condition of the U.S. industry ................................................................................ III‐40 Background ........................................................................................................................ III‐40 Operations on CSPV products ........................................................................................... III‐41 Capital expenditures, research and development expenses, and investment in productive facilities ........................................................................................................... III‐56 Capital and investment ...................................................................................................... III‐59 Part IV: U.S. market and foreign industries .......................................................................... IV‐1 Apparent U.S. consumption and market shares ..................................................................... IV‐1 Country‐of‐origin based on cell manufacture location ....................................................... IV‐1 Alternative NAFTA country presentation ............................................................................ IV‐6 Foreign industries .................................................................................................................... IV‐9 Global installations and production .................................................................................... IV‐9 The industries in North America ....................................................................................... IV‐16 Canada .......................................................................................................................... IV‐16 Mexico

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