March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 7301 By Mr. MURPHY of Illinois: lation and use of the products of advanc owed to the United States; to the Committee H.R.16129. A bill to provide that Flag Day ing technology with due regard for the on Ways and Means. · shall be a legal public holiday; to the Com proper conservation of scenic and other nat By Mr. RODINO: mittee on the Judiciary. ural resources; to the Committee on Inter H. Res. 1108. Resolution expressing the By Mr. QUIE (for himself, Mr. AYRES, state and Foreign Commerce. sense of the House of Representatives on the Mr. GOODELL, Mr. ASHBROOK, Mr. By Mr. WAGGONNER: question of restoration of diploma.tic rela DELLENBACK, Mr. ESCH, Mr. ESHLE H.R.16140. A b111 to declare and determine tions with Egypt; to the Committee on For MAN, and Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin: the policy of the Congress with respect to eign Affairs. H.R.16130. A bill to establish a Depart the primary authority of the several States to ment of Education and Manpower; to the control, regulate and manage fish and wild ~~------~~ Committee on Government Operations. life within their territorial boundaries and PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. RYAN: for other purposes; to the Committee on H.R. 16131. A bill to amend title II of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Social Security Act to remove certain limita By Mr. WAMPLER: bills and resolutions were introduced and tions (added by the Social Security Amend H .R. 16141. A bill to prohibit the Adminis severally referred as follows: ments of 1967) on the payment of benefits to trator of Veterans' Affairs from requiring an By Mr. AYRES: aliens; to the Committee on Ways and Means. annual income statement from certain pen H.R. 16142. A bill for the relief of Cosimo By Mr. SAYLOR: sioners who are 72 years of age or older; to Rega; to- the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R.16132. A b111 to provide for the coop the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By Mr. BRASCO: eration between the Secretary of the In By Mr. DOLE: H.R. 16143. A blll for the relief of Giovanni terior and the States with respect to the H.J. Res. 1193. Joint resolution asking the Battista Giambanco; to the Committee on future regulation of surface mining opera President of the United States to designate the Judiciary. tions, and for other purposes; to the Com the month of May 1968, as National Arthritis By Mr. DELANEY: mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Month; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 16144. A bill for the relief of Osvaldo By Mr. BEVILL: By Mr. ROGERS of Florida: Giacomello; to the Committee on the Ju H.R. 16133. A bill to amend the Federal H.J .Res. 1194. Joint resolution authorizing diciary. Water Pollution Control Act relating to area the President proclaim August 11,- 1968, as By Mr. FINO: acid and other mine water pollution control Family Reunion Day; to the Committee on H.R. 16145. A bill for the relief of Stefano demonstrations; to the Committee on Pub- the Judiciary. Guercio, his wife Elvira Guercio, and their lic Works. · By Mr. BUTTON: minor children Rosaria Guercio and Guiseppe By Mr. DANIELS (for him.self and Mr. H. Con. Res. 726. Concurrent resolution to Guercio; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PERKINS): assist veterans of the Armed Forces of the H.R. 16146. A bill for the relief of Ionnis H.R. 16134. A bill to amend the Voca United States who have served in Vietnam or Yakalos; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tional Rehabmtation Act to extend the au elsewhere in obtaining suitable employment; By Mr. HANLEY: thorization of grants to States for rehabilita to the Committee on Post Office and Civil H.R. 16147. A bill for the relief of Lorenzo tion services, to broaden the scope of goods Service. Vittore; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and services available under that act for the By Mr. DUNCAN: By Mr. HELSTOSKI: handicapped, and for other purposes; to the H. Con. Res. 726. Concurrent resolution ex H.R. 16148. A bill for the relief of Mekeri Committee on Education and Labor. pressing the sense of the Congress that the Amiri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. McCARTHY: tax-exempt status of interest on industrial H.R. 16149. A bill for the relief of Candida H.R. 16136. A bill to provide Federal as development bonds should not be removed Lo Gatto; to the Committee on the Judiciary. sistance to improve the educational services by administrative action; to the Committee By Mr.HORTON: in public and private nonprofit child day on Ways and Means·. · By Mr. MORRIS (for himself, and Mr. H.R. 16150. A bill for the relief of Salvatore care centers; to the Committee on Educa BURKE of Massachusetts): Vancheri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tion and· Labor. H. Con. Res. 727. Concurrent resolution ex By Mr. MADDEN: By Mr. MACHEN: pressing the sense of the Congress with re H.R. 16151. A bill for the relief of Jozef H.R. 16136. A b111 to amend the Social spect to interest on obligations of States and Lugosi also known as Josef Lipt; to the Com Security Act to provide disability payments municipalities and other political subdivi mittee on the Judiciary. for certain Federal employees; to the Com sions of the States; to the Committee on By Mr. ZABLOCKI: mittee on Ways and Means. Ways and Means. H.R. 16162. A bill for the relief of Anthony By Mr. PURCELL: By Mr. PERKINS: Smllko; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R.16137. A bill to encourage the move H. Con. Res. 728. Concurrent resolution ex ment of butter into domestic commercial pressing the sense of the Congress that the markets; to the Committee on Agriculture. tax-exempt status of interest on industrial PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. SAYLOR: development bonds should not be removed by Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions H.R. 16138. A bill to impose, under cer administrative action; to the Committee on tain conditions, import limitations on metal Ways and Means. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ores or metals during labor disputes affect By Mr. ROBERTS: and referred as follows: ing domestic production of such articles; to H. Con. Res. 729. Concurrent resolution ex 266. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the City the Committee on Ways and Means. pressing the sense of the Congress that the Council of Philadelphia, Pa., relative to rec By Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin: tax-exempt status of interest on industrial ommendations of the President's Advisory H.R. 16139. A bill to amend the Federal development bonds should not be removed Commission on Civil Disorders; to the Com Power Act to facilitate the provision of reli by administrative action; to the Committee mittee on the Judiciary. able, abundant, and economical electric on Ways and Means. 267. Also, petition of Legislative Assembly power supply by strengthening existing By Mr. FULTON of Tennessee: of Costa Rica, relative to importation of mechanisms for coordination of electric H. Con. Res. 730. Concurrent resolution to Latin American products; to the Committee utility systems and encouraging the instal- secure repayment of certain obligations on Ways and Means.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Federal Meat Inspection the issue and made the wishes of the tunity to examine such factual-presenta consuming public clearly known to the tions of a situation jeopardizing the Congress. health and well-being of every American. HON. WALTER F. MONDALE Credit for the enactment of this land Mr. President, I ask unanimous con OF MINNESOTA mark legislation must also be given to sent that articles by Mr. Branzburg be IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the excellent analysis of the meat in reprinted in their entirety in the Exten Thursday, March 21, 1968 spection situation and the coverage given sions of Remarks. congressional consideration of the mat There being no objection, the articles Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, the ter by newspapers throughout the coun were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Federal Meat Inspection Amendments try. One series of articles, authored by as follows: Act of 1967 was one of the most signifi Paul M. Branzburg and published by the [From the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Journal cant pieces of consumer-protection legis Louisville Courier-Journal and Times, and Times] lation ever signed into law. I am hon was partic.ularly outstanding. I commend STATES MUST PLUG IT BY 1970: DESPITE NEW ored to have been able to · play ~n Mr. Branzburg for his excellent report U.S. LAW, MEAT-INSPEC'riON OAP EXISTS important role in the development of the ing and analysis, and I commend the (By Paul M. Branzburg) legislation. I am ·also grateful to the mil Louisville· Courier-Journal and Times, Sixty-two years a.go,' author Upton · Sin lions of Americans who felt as I did on for presenting its readers with an oppor- clair wrote about "meat stored in great piles'' 7302 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21-, 1968 a,t Chica.go packinghouses "and thousands of rusty • ..• 'rhe equipment,_ such as splitting federal law and the shortage of personnel rats would race on it .... The packer.a would saws, the hog viscera table and all the. ass-o pose obvious problems, there- ls a brighter put poisoned bread ou.t for them, they· would ciated equipinent on the :floors- were badly side. die. and then rats,. bread and meat. would go in need of cleaning." The condttlons: were Only 16 per cent of the commercial into the hoppers together." similar in the beef holding coolers, the sau slaughtering for meat is done in nonfederally Last summer, a. federal mea-t- inspector. sage department and the shipping and re inspected plants, although 19 million animals reported that the beef cooler, boning room ceiving docks. are involved. And only 26 per cent of the and product-holding room of an intrastate. In Pennsylvania, a federal official found nation's meat supply is processed (cut up meat-processing. plant in Northern Ken one intrastate. packing operation which he and packaged) in intrastate pI-ants, although tucky was "all contaminated from accumu termed "one o! the most deplorable plants they produce 8.75 billion pounds of meat lated grease and. filth." I e:ver saw. Not a clean area in the building. each year. In the slaughter room, the inspector wrote, . The flies were so numerous it was next Moreover, of course, the mere !act that a "the walls, ceiling, floors were filthy, fly to impossible to carr.y on a conversation with plant is not federally inspected is not a sure covered; in fact, everything visible was badly the operator." sign of filth and contamination there. in need of a thorough cleaning.tt In Louisiana, an intrastate packinghouse In mid-1967, there were 14,832 nonfed Sinclair's findings led to passage- of the was described by a federal inspector as "old erally inspected facilities-compared with federal M.eat Inspecting Act of 1907. and visibly filthy. All of the walls are stained 1,969 federal plants-and 5,555 had some The inspector's re.po.rt on the Northern with greenish slime.. . . The grinder, chopper, form of state sanitation inspection. Kentucky plant-since closed by state of mixer and all other utensils used in the man Another way to assess the extent of the ficials-was cited in the drive that led to en ufacture of meat products are old, rusty, and problem is to look at the state laws govern actment of the federal Wholesome Meat Act dirty and appear repulsive. Contamination ing meat inspection. signed by President Johnson Dec. 15. of the food products produced at this plant Nine states have no laws covering meat This new law has one .purpose: To protect fs inevitable." inspection, before and af"ter slaughter, ar America's consumers by forcing the states· to rn Oklahoma, a m-eat plant was described though they may have general laws about' tighten quality safeguards on all meat, by a federal official as a ''revolting.... The plant sanitation or food-package labeling. wherever processed, wherever sold. walls were covered with grime, grease and Thirteen states, including Kentucky, have In Kentucky, for example, meat produced mold. One beef carcass had an infected bris voluntary meat inspection programs. These for sale in other states is examined rigorously ket a:nd another had a large knee joint which leave it up to the packer to decide 11 he will by federal inspectors. But. meat produced for appeared to be arthritic.... .A butcher-was participate. sale within Kentucky may or may not be boning out a beef round which had sour SANITATION INSPECTIONS RE.QUIRED inspected at all. bone and the meat near the bone was green The housewife in a Kentucky grocery store ish colored.•• Twenty-six states--Indiana. will become usually ba.s no way of knowing which meat Testimony such as this from one federal the 27th on July 1-have mandatory meat has been inspected, which hasn't. Several inspector after another, plus public. pushing inspection providing for inspection of ani million pounds of u:ainspected meat were sold by such consumer spokesmen as Betty Fur mals before and after slaughter. in. just that way last year. Yet, for all the ness and Ralph Nader, is given much of the Also, 25 states, including Kentucky, have housewife knows, the steak or chop or credit for passage of the new U.S. law. laws providing for mandatory sanitation in sausage she buys may have come from a sick But some sour notes remain. Officials In a. spections of meat processing facilities. In. animal.; or may ha.ve been processed in a number o.! states have complained that some: Indiana., such inspections have been carried slaughterhouse among descendants of the of the federal inspection reports were slanted out under the state Food, Drug and Cosmetic same. rats that so disturbed Upton Sinclair on Washington's orders, to win passage of Act and the state Public Health Code'& Sani 62 years ago. the law. Despite Agriculture Department de tary Food Law. There are also municipal and county meat: U.S. SXANDARDS HIGHEST .nials that this was so, some. states are cur rently debating whether to se.ek a congres inspection systems throug_hout America. In Some states do have mandatory ins.pection sional inquiry. Kentucky, meat inspection programs admin of all meat. Such a law will go into effect In Kentucky, f"or example, officials of the istered by the local departments' of public July l ln Indiana. But no state, in the opinion state Department ot:Health were angered that. health are in effect in Jefferson, Fayette, Mc of many who pressed Congress !or the 1967 the. federal inspe.ctor who visited Northern Cracken, Warren, Daviess and ·Kenton law, comes even close to the htgh tI.S. stan
imposed on -meat· establishments here in the ACTION UNDE& STATE LAw: WHY ONE' MEAT its control over · intrastate slaughterhouse past five years. FIRM WAS CLOSED DOWN and meat processors. ''What we usually resort to ls just closing Meat-plant inspectors in Jefferson County There are lndic81tions that a bill to accom the place down and ordering them to clean can move against violators not only under plish this will be introduced soon in the up," explained one Health Department offi city-county law, but also under state General Assembly. cial. However, records for the same five years statutes. Gov. Lou.le B. Nunn met recently with sev show that only one plant has been told to That's because they make recommenda eral Kentucky meat-packers and reportedly do this. tions to the state Health Department on told them he wanted a state meat-inspection SOME VIOLATIONS REPEATED whether state food and drug permits should law. He is said to have told the group that he Health Department officials defend their be reissued to the intrastate meat plants doesn't intend to wait for a federal takeover enforcement record by arguing that they which they inspect. in this field. ought not to regulate with a blackjack but But action to remove a threat of con Also, one of Nunn's legislative aides and should serve as educators and develop "an taminated meat doesn't occur or take effect several Kentucky Agriculture Department atmosphere of mutual respect." immediately. officials, including Commissioner Robert A study of reports from local inspectors A case in point ls that of Federal-Provision Miller, were busily taking notes when a fed indicates that in many cases slaughterers Co., 1217 Fern St., in Loulsvllle, which was eral official discussed requirements of the and meat processors have responded to this closed down recently by the state Health Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 at a recent attitude. But in some other plants the same Department. meeting of meat-packers in Cincinnati. violations have occurred repeatedly over a For several years the small manufacturer of The federal law gives all states two years period of years with no crackdown. ground beef patties, minute steaks, loins and to develop an inspection and sanitation The inspection reports for one wholesale chops for re&taurants was the subject of one program for plants doing business only meat company in Louisville are an example bad inspection report after another. within state boundaries. The requirements of this. On June 1 and 14, 1965, inspectors noted must be "at least equal" to U.S. standards This establishment processes a complete that the electric meat saw was not being now applied to interstate operations. line of fabricated meat products and sells dismantled and cleaned each day. In the sec Therefore, if by December 1969 Kentucky them primarily to restaurants. On May 25, ond report, the inspector wrote that the "has failed to develop or is not enforcing" 1964, an inspector wrote: "Plastic meat con owner had been given four days to correct such a program, the U.S. secretary of agri tainers not being thoroughly cleaned." On the violation with the threat that if the saw culture will declare, after consultation with May 28, 1965, he reported "some meat con wasn't cleaned, the state food and drug per Nunn, that all meat-packers in the state are tainers not being thoroughly cleaned each mit would not be reissued. Four days later, henceforth subject to federal meat-inspec day." an inspector found "operation satisfactory." tion regulations . . Since that time, reports of September and REPORTS IMPROVED,. FOR A WHILE If Kentucky has not complied but is in December 1965; February, April, May Sep However, four months later in October, the process of taking effective action the tember and December 1968; and February an inspector found pork loin ends starting secretary of agriculture may grant a one-year and Ootober 1967 note unclean meat con to decompose and ordered their destruc extension if he "has reason to believe that tainers or others that cannot be easily tion. He also noted that the plant was not the state will activate" an acceptable pro cleaned because of their construction. rodent proof and that the meat patty ma gram in the following 12 months. "SOME MEAT SPOILED" chine and electric saw were not being dis Since Kentucky does not have a mandatory On April 29, 1966, an inspector reported: mantled and cleaned each day. meat-inspection law, the current session of "Beef rails and walls need cleaning. Wall In November 1965, an inspector wrote: the Kentucky General Assembly will have to area. by beef box door in disrepair. Some "Cleavers and knives stored in cardboard pass an acceptable meat act or federal in baskets used as meat containers not lined. box. Mouse dropping in bottom of box. Evi spection will become inevitable in December Cardboard box (used) contains beef trim dence of rodents in establishment." 1969. mings. Cardbox used for beef binder. These For awhile the reports were generally good. Assuming that Nunn pushes through an boxes are not cleaned." But on Jan. 19, 1967, an inspector recorded acceptable law, the cos-t of making sure that On May 23, 1966, a state inspector wrote: that "grinder, saw, tenderizer, shelf over Kentuckians are eating good meat is going grinder, not clean." to skyrocket. "Meat that has been boned had sawdust and dirt on it. Cardboard boxes and chicken Finally, the Louisville-Jefferson Depart The state now has a mandatory sanitary crate was (sic) directly on meat. Some meat ment of Public Health requested the state lnspection statute. But the Health Depart Health Department to withhold the state spoiled • • . The equipment ls not being ment has only one man assigned full-time to cleaned, including the following: sinks, pan food and drug permit until a staie inspector making sure that equipment and facilities of racks, electric saw in sales room, knife racks, could look at the plant. intrastate packinghouses are clean. As a re On Sept. 28, 1967, the state inspector sult, most such plants are inspected only parts to grinder, refrigerator cases. The back found that "control of rodents was not sat room floor ls dirty. about twice a year. isfactory in that rodent pellets were observed Dr. R. J. Henshaw, acting state veterinarian "The sink in the back room is rusty and in two or three locations within the estab cannot be cleaned thoroughly. Sever;:i.l meat in the Kentucky Agriculture Department, lishment, and also there were some holes estimates that an intrastate meat-inspection pans have cracks and are bent, thus cannot along the baseboard which indicated rodent be cleaned thoroughly.... " program meeting federal requirements would entrance ways." cost about $750,00C annually. Other state of The state inspector noted that the owner Some of the other violations noted were: ficials think the figure would go over $1 of the plant was told "that the violations "Tenderizer blades and patty machine had million. must be corrected and that he must operate not been complf!tely cleaned of meat residues At present, the state's non-federal packers his establishment in a sanitary manner in since their present use." the future." spend about $90,000 a year on inspection. "The three-compartment sink used for They pay part or all of the salaries of inspec SHORT IMPROVEMENT NOTED washing meat processing equipment was very tors enforcing local laws in six Kentucky In subsequent inspections in June and rusty and unsuitable for use." counties. This ls rather small when com.pa.red September, conditions were found to have "Rat pellets were observed along walls .... with the sums spent by some states: Califor improved substantially. Then on Nov. 15, behind slicing machine and a hole in the nia, $1.6 million; Indiana, $620,000; Illinois, 1966,a.nlnspectorreported: lower molding of the wall which would allow $1.1 mllllon. These are state appropriations. "Some beef trimmings contaminated with rodent entry." Fortunately for Frankfort budget planners, sawdust. Cardboard boxes of meat stored on The inspector concluded that "the faclll about half of the cost of a new state meat beef trimmings. Also, pa.ns stored with bot ties are certainly not suitable for the process inspection program could come from Wash toms coming in contact with contents of ing of meat and the sanitation that was ob ington. The Wholesome Meat Act provides pans beneath. served was not considered to be adequate." that the federal government may pay up to "Meat grinder and saw (retail) not being He therefore gave the owner 90 days to 50 per cent of a state's expense in developing thoroughly cleaned each day. Accumulation "either find new satisfactory facilities or to and administering a meat-inspection pro of waste around top of pre-washing sink. Ac cease operations." In a later letter from the gram. cumulation of grease on tops of entrance Kentucky Department of Health, the owner U.S. COSTS WILL RISE doors. Baskets used for storage not easily was told that the deadline was Jan. 1, 1968. Whether Kentucky will receive the full 50 cleanable." Shortly before the deadline, however, the per cent of costs depends on how much Con In the reports of December 1966 and Feb company asked for and was granted an ex gress appropriates for meat inspection. The ruary, March and May 1967, similar violations tension to Jan. 15. The owner claimed he was federal inspection program cost $47 million were found. The la.st report studied, written trying to find a new location and needed a nationally last year. Eventually, the cost of on Oct. 5, 1967, notes: little more time .. On Jan. 15 he finally closed the new federal program will be another $15 down. "Some beef trimmings has sm.all amount m1llion to $40 million annually. of sawdust on them.••• Containers of meat It's probable that the job of supervising a KENTUCKY: PusHED To. ENACT MEAT stored so that bottom of containers rest on new Kentucky meat-inspection law will be INsPECTioN LA w meats stored below.•• ·. ''Some products- given to the Agriculture Department rather breaded compounds and bull beef binder (By Paul M. Branzburg) than to the Health Departtnent, which over contained weevils. These were destroyed. at -Faced wit-h federal legislation ordering it sees the present sanitation statute. time oMnspection." to shape up, Kentucky is moving to tighten "It seems to me that the U.S. Department 7306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, .1968 of Agriculture _doesn't seem to want to co "We feel that Kentucky people have a better eral inspection or checks under standards operate with state departments of health as understanding of our problems." equal to the federal. much as with state departments of agricul A WORSE DILEMMA? RISK OF SANITATION PROBLEMS ture," says Shelby Johnson, an administrator Some others question this explanation. In fact, some of the nation' s largest of the Kentucky Health Department. meat firms operate plants exempt from . "Also, state meat inspection ls tradition "Don't quote me," says a county health of ficial, "but they prefer a state program be federal inspection because they do not ship ally under the state department of agricul across state lines. ture. If a law can be better carried out by the cause they hope it will not be as strict as the federal.'' Swift & Co. has 12 nonfederal plants, Wil Kentucky Department of Agriculture, I can son & Co. 47, Armour & Oo. 14, Hygrade Food see no reason why they shouldn't be able But the meat-packers who prefer state programs face the possib111ty that their state Products 8, and Hormel & Co. 5. It is unfair to do it." to assume that a plant without federal in DR. HENSHAW'S WISH legislators will simply sit by and let the fed eral government take over in two yea.rs. spection is unsanitary. But there is a greater In addition the acting state veterinarian, "I think this is very unsound," Davies told chance of sanitation problems at such a Dr. Henshaw, said: the meat men from Kentucky, Indiana and plant, since it is generally agreed that federal "It wouldn't be good if the Kentucky Ohio. "It would be an open invitation to checks are more thorough than state or local Department of Agriculture just wrote a federalize everything everywhere and for examinations which are made under laws bill and then just went to the packers and states to give up their own responslb111ties." that are probably less strict than the federal told them, 'This is it.' Instead, I would However, some Kentucky meat-packers measure. rather they'd write a bill they agree on them could come under federal inspection before The federal system of inspection and grad selves and then just come to me. That, I Kentucky passes a law of its own. ing is efficient and helpful, but it stlll pre think, is what is happening now." The Federal Wholesome Meat Act provides sents problems for the housewife. There is every reason to believe that that if · the U.S. Department of Agriculture Packaged meat products from federal Kentucky meat-packers would cooperate finds any intrastate packer producing "adul plants wlll bear the circular inspection mark. with either federal or state agriculture offi terated meat or meat food products ... But how can she tell if the hamburger cials in a new meat-inspection program; which would clearly endanger the public meat or steak in the supermarket has been they have no other choice. health," it must notify the governor and federally inspected? A reflection of this fa0t can be found in other appropriate officials. It isn't easy. If she is lucky, the store will the lavish praise that organizations repre If state officials do not take action within adver,tise that its meat was slaughtered and senting meat-packers are now bestowing on a reasonable time, the Agriculture Depart processed under federal inspection. (If the the Wholesome Meat Act. ment can declare the establishment subject merchant is lying, he risks federal prosecu to federal inspection. tion.) But advertising usually refers merely "A GREAT ASSET" to grade levels such as "U.S. Choice"-and "This act has done a very excellent job QUALITY NOT CLEANLINESS GUARANTEE: "U.S. says nothing about inspection. more than has been given it credit," said Consequently, a cautious homemaker usu Aled D. Davies, vice president of the Ameri CHOICE" Is MEAT GRADE, NOT INSPECTION MARK ally is forced to ask her butcher if the meat can Meat Institute, at a recent AMI-spon in his counter comes from a federally in sored meeting of Kentucky, Ohio and Indi "U.S. Choice" and "U.S. Prime" are federal spected plant. ana meatpackers in Cincinnati. The AMI is meat grades well known to American house Although it may be difficult to determine America's largest meat organization. Its wives. But many of them-and even a few which cuts of meat are from federal plants, membership consists of 365 national and meat retailers--confuse federally graded meat the labels on meat products packaged or local packers and processors. with federally inspected meat. canned in such plants must be worded with "I am not one of those who believes that Inspection and grading are really two dif exquisite precls,ion. the end of the world has come with this ferent concepts. A great deal of federally Ingredients must be listed in order of pre bill," Davies continued. "On the contrary, it graded meat is not federally inspected meat, dominance by weight. And the label must will be a great asset to this industry. We and vice versa. mean exactly what it says. For example, "all have all been aware that there are fringe There are two federal-inspection marks, beef" frankfurters are made exclusively from areas in this industry that are not too good. both round in shape. beef, while "all meat" frankfurters will be a This bill will be good for us. One is stamped with a purple vegetable dye combination of beef and some other types onto carcasses and bears the legend "U.S. "I think we've got to be honest and admit of meat. INSP'D & P'S'D"-inspected and passed. It is Finally, federally approved labeling desig that the 60 years since the passage of the familiar only to those housewives who have Meat Inspection Act of 1907 has been a nations guarantee that the manufacturer purchased a piece of meat that was under a is conforming to rigid content specifications. long time. The states have had 60 years to federal inspector's slaughterhouse stamp. bring their inspection systems in line with These regulations are so detailed that they the federal system.... But, unfortunately, The other federal-inspection mark is used even provide that pickled pigs knuckles may some did not.'' on prepared meat packages of products such not be labeled "semi-boneless" unless 50 per as bacon or bologna.. It spells out its message: There was no applause from the 150 cent of the total weight of bones has been "U.S. Inspected and Passed by Department of removed. slaughterers and processors in the audience, Agriculture." This mark can be found on mil but neither were there any boos. Davies, like lions of packages and cans sold throughout the rest of the meat industry, was eating America. crow, but he was doing it gallantly. These two marks certify that the meat Release the Blakey Report Only months before, in July 1967, Davies comes from animals that were inspected be had told a House agriculture subcommittee fore and after death, that all of the plant that "we question whether anything is ac equipment and fa.c11ities were clean, and that HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI tually accomplished by changing the wording the label on the package is accurate. OF ILLINOIS of the Meat Inspection Act. Under it, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United States had developed the finest meat Grading marks are shield-shaped and are inspection program in the world.'' applied to carcasses in long rows of such Thursday, March 21, 1968 marks, so these legends are commonly spotted Almost by way of explanation, Davies told by homemakers on the edges of steaks. the Cincinnati gathering: "Had we stayed in Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, radio a position of blind opposition, we would have The grade mark only indicates the quality station WBBM of Chicago has acquired a had no influence on the new law." of the meat-not that it has been subjected well-deserved reputation for its vigorous to inspection. Often federally graded meat is and timely editorlal commentary. In its But if segments of the meat industry pro also federally inspected, but you can have fess high regard for the Wholesome Meat Act, one without the other. broadcast of March 15, it properly called they also say that it wm cause many prob for public release of the Blakey report, lems. BRAND NAMES NO GUARANTEE which was suppressed at the time the For one thing, it presents every Kentucky The services of a federal grader can be President's Commission on Law Enforce meat establishment with a serious dilemma. purchased from the U.S. Agriculture Depart ment made its recommendations. On one hand, a meat processor might pre ment at $8.20 an hour. The grader decides if follows: fer to participate in a program administered the meat is Prime, Choice, Good, Standard, The commentary by officials in Frankfort, men with whom he Commeric-al, utmty, Cutter, or canner by RELEASE THE BLAKEY REPORT may have some influence. On the other hand, judging the meat's fat content, texture, color, Ever since the publication of the Presi if Kentucky passes a law calling for stand conformation and bone character. dent's Commission on Law Enforcement, ards equal to federal regula.tions, then why Graders must exercise some judgment, ~ut there has been one exceptional failure in not apply for federal inspection itself and they distinguish between the various grade that report. It has been the failure to issue gain the right to ship interstate? levels by following elaborate and complex the so-called Blakey papers. These deal Most intrastate meat producers say, how federal specifications. with highly specific situation in the world ever, that they prefer a state program. "We A common misconception of American of organized crime. And it has been claimed feel that we can work better with the state homemakers is that by buying well-known that a considerable . portion of the Blakey people than with the federal government," brand names of the large national meat firms report concerns -organized crime in Chicago says a slaughterer from Wes.tern Kentucky. they are aseured the meat has undergone fed- and Cook County. March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7307 Professor Robert Blakey of the University Mamelukes, :the Ottoman Turks and, finally, these low figures are little more than guesses, of Notre Dame investigated charges of tie-ups the Allies in 1917. as some 'Of the countries acknowledge. The between politics and organized crime in Illi The question of who has the right to the figures for Canada and the United States are nois. For several months, members of the land is not a game of numbers-how many high largely because of thoroness in report Illinois Crime Investigating commission Arabs or Jews have lived there lately. It is a ing. In addition, even among the advanced have tried to gain access to the Blakey re question of who loves the land as a homeland countries, the figures are thrown off by dif port. But they have been stopped cold in and who wishes to restore it to its original ferences in procedure and definitions [such each case. role as a creator of civilization which decid as when a birth is a stillbirth] or by other They've asked Professor Blakey for his re edly influenced the course of mankind, gave factors [such, perhaps, as abortions in port: he says it has been sent to the Justice rise to religion and righteousness, brought Japan]. It is h ard, for example, t o believe Department. In Washington, the Justice De forth prophets, saints and spiritual leaders, that France's record is really twice as good partment said to ask Professor Blakey. And as is now committed, even unto death, ·to as Sweden's for the first day and twice as bad finally, after much back-and-forth chasing, preserve it ~s a democracy of progress and for the rest of the first year. Or that the the Justice Department flatly denied re peace rather than a satellite to be exploited Anglo-Saxon countries- England, Can ada, quests to see the Blakey report. for Communist expansion by godless Soviet Australia, New Zealand, and t he United One thing is certain: if Professor Blakey Russia. States--have mortality rates for the first day did develop any information about crime No people, returning, building an d defend consistently double those of the Scandinavian and politics in Illinois, he certainly didn't ing its ancient, original homeland after a countries. get it published in the Task Force Report on long, sad exile, can by any stretch of the We don't know how the United States Organized Crime. That book is sterile of pro imagination be regarded as intruders. Even would stand if the records were uniform and ductive information. . when the majority of the Jewish people were accurate. We could expect the Scandinavian We believe the Illinois Crime Investigat not in Palestine, Palestine was in the major countries and the Netherlands to hold the ing commission should know the exact con ity of the Jewish people--in their prayers, lead, if only because of their tradition of tents of the Blakey report. We believe that their Bible, their spiritual aspirations. No cleanliness, their healthy climate, and t h eir no sound judgment can be made about the other people in the world can make that relative freedom from slums. Beyond that, claim. the list might look· very different. This isn't state of organized crime in Illinois so long to say that we shouldn't try to improve. B~t as the Blakey report remains secret. JuLros J. N ODEL, Seni or Rabbi, Temple Shaare Emeth. neither should we allow ourselves to be The Blakey report may in truth turn out talked into a big new federal program of to be nothing more than a rehash of a lot child care on the basis of highly questionable of old allegations which have never bee~ statistics. proven. But there is no way to know this until the report is actually examined. Figures That Lie And finally, we think the public is entitled to an explanation about why Washington Food and the Conservation Challenge has been so senstt;ive in the first place in HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER releasing the Blakey report. OF ILLINOIS HON. ALAN BIBLE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEVADA The Jewish Claim Thursday, March 21, 1968 IN TI:IE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, under Thur sday, March 21, 1968 HON. HUGH SCOTT leave to extend my remarks in the REC Mr. BIBLE. Mr. President, it was my ORD, I include the following editorial from privilege early this month to a;ttend and OF PENNSYLVANIA the Chicago Tribune: participate in the annual conference of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES FIGURES THAT LIE the National Wildlife Federation in Thursday, March 21, 1968 President Johnson did the United States an Houston, Tex. The federation saw flt to injustice when he said that 14 countries do a Mr. SCOT!'. Mr. President, often the honor me and the Senator from Cali better Job of preventing infant mortality fornia [Mr. KUCHEL] for our efforts in enemies of the State of Israel attempt to than we do. His figures presumably came publicize the ill-founded contention that from the demographic yearbook published the field of natural resource conserva the Israelis are intruders in the Middle last fall by the United Nations. The United tion. This is a tribute I shall always East. Rabbi Julius J. Nodel, of Temple States is, indeed, 15th according to tl\ese fig treasure, and I am sure the Senator from Shaare Emeth, in St. Louis, Mo., pre ures-but many of them are so unreliable as California shares my feelings. sented a compelling rebuttal to that to be useless. The conservation challenges facing the This can be seen most clearly from the fig Nation-indeed, facing the world-are position in a letter published in the st. ures on babies who die within 24 hours of more critical, more urgent, than ever be Louis Post-Dispatch on March 13, 1968. birth. The following table shows, for sample fore in the history of mankind. We are I ask unanimous consent that the countries, the total infant mortality rate (deaths within one year per 1,000 live births], finally beginning to grasp the full sig letter be printed in the RECORD. the rate for the first 24 hours, and the rate nificance of the natural wealth that has There being no objection, the letter for the remaining 364 days. (The latest fig been bestowed upon us. We are beginning was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ures generally available are for 1964.J to understand fully that man not only as follows: · has the capability to conserve natural re THE JEWISH CLAIM Country Total 1st day Rest of sources but also the power to destroy rate It is impossible for the general reader to year them. fill in all of the gaps in Spencer Lavan's The greatest threat to natural resource piece you reprinted, "Path to Arab Hostility." Sweden ______14. 2 4. 5 9. 7 Netherlands ______14. 8 4. 6 10. 2 conservation, and therefore one of the The truth is that up to the year 70, the Denmark ______18. 7 4. 2 14. 5 greatest threats to continuing life on our Jewish people and their ancestors had already New Zealand ______France ______19. 1 8.1 12. 4 shrinking planet, is man's own indiffer lived in Palestine as a nation for 1,600 years, England ______19. 4 2. 1 17. 3 during which time the land never had an 19. 9 8.0 12. 8 ence. If he remains indifferent to the Japan ______20. 4 2. 4 18. 0 need to conserve the world's natural Arab character. When the Jews lost Palestine Czechoslovakia ______21. 4 5. 1 16. 3 to the Romans, the nation did not perish. Canada ______24. 7 10. 4 14. 3 wealth and continues to squander it as he Jews revolted unsuccessfully against Roman United States ______24. 8 10. 2 14. 6 has for centuries, he will one day soon be oppression in 116 and 135; but in the follow 26. 4 . 9 25. 5 ~~~~ ~onr~eo_-: :::::::: :::: 43. 3 3. 3 40. 0 the tragic victim of his own indifference. ing centuries all through Roman, Byzantine, Egypt__ ------118. 6 . 7 117. 7 Overpopulation is the catalyst. Man Arab, Christian and Turkish domination, Madagascar ______56. 5 1. 2 55. 3 Jewish life continued on a relatively large seems intent on outstripping the earth's scale. In general, paradoxically, the more ad natural resources on which he must de Even during the darkest periods of the vanced a country is, the worse the mortality pend. As a result, starvation is a way of Crusades and the Middle Ages, the Jews never rate for the first day seems to be. Only a life for millions of people in vast sections entirely left the soil of Palestine. By the time handful of countries make a worse showing of the world today. Food itself is the only the Arabs conquered Palestine in 634, the than the United States and Canada. If we important natural resource to these mil Jewish people had already completed 2000 are to be guided by these figures, we might lions of sufferers.· years of national history in that country. as well strive to match the enviable records The crisis of starvation has drawn an The Arabs held sway between 634 and 1071- set by North Borneo [3.3), Cuba (4.0], or the only 437 years out of more than 3000 years of Negroes of South West Africa (3.8]. · And in eloquent response from Mr. John Strohm, recorded history in Palestine. time we may attain the degree of perfection editor of National Wildlife magazine. His After 1071, the country was conquered by claimed by Albania [1.4). Honduras [1.2), address to the National Wildlife Federa various non-Arab peoples, such as the Sel Hong Kong [0.9), and Egypt [0.7). tion in Houston on March 9 is a timely juks, the Kurds, the Crusaders, the Egyptian Of course, all this is ridiculous. Most of commentary on an issue that must con- 7308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1968 cem every thinking American. I .ask Who will feed these people? It was U.S. food too late to save some countries from mass unanimous consent that his remarks be surpluses that kept 60 million Indians from starvation, that in the years ahead the in RECORD. starving last year. Can we feed the world? United States may very well be forced to write printed the Hardly! off some countries as beyond saving. They There being no objection, the address Our food surpluses are at an all-time low. point out that famine-not caused merely was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Even with this year's bumper crops, aren't by insect plagues, or drouths-but by a mas as follows: surpluses becoming a thing of the past? For sive population explosion ls now a way of ADDRESS OF JOHN STROHM, EDITOR, NATIONAL last year-in a single year-the world's popu life and a problem that has become un WILDLIFE MAGAZINE, AT THE ANNUAL MEET lation grew by 70 million. "And there was no manageable only in the 1960's. ING OF THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, increase in the world's agricultural produc Today's world is totally different than the HOUSTON, TEX., MARCH 9, 1968 tion," says the UN's Food and Agricultural world of 1950. Food! Food! An abundance of food. It's Organization. In three years, 200 million peo Before World War II the nations of Asia, something we take for granted in America, ple, a population equal to that of our nation, Africa and Latin America were food export the land of plenty! Most of us have long for will be added to the world's total. ers. Then it happened-the population ex gotten the soup lines of the Depression. To This overwhelming tide of mankind sweep plosion, and a skyrocketing demand for food. day, we may be even :nore preoccupied with ing around the globe will add more new By 1950 the have-not nations had somer mouths to feed in the next thirty years than saulted into a position of being food Im food than were the millions who stood in have accumulated since the beginning of those lines, in a different way, of course. No porters. But at that time no one knew that time. Where will the food come from to feed this somersault had taken place. other nation in the world produces more these additional billions? food, eats more food, strives so hard to pro The have-not nations of 1939 had exported There is 11 ttle we can do to change the 11 million tons more grain tban they im duce more, or worries so much about over amount of land available for crops. This is indulgence in food. Only in America do ported. But then that world became a hun our world, and these are the ground rules: gry world and by 1950 was importing 4 mil we eat whether we are hungry or not, just Most of the earth's surface is water, and for the sensual pleasures of taste and touch. lion tons more grain than it exported. By salt water at that! The oceans and seas cover 1958 that had grown to 13 m111ion tons, and We eat out of boredom, or out of habit, or 70% of the face of the globe, leaving a scant just to be sociable; we eat to console our today it is about 30 million tons the hungry 30 % to house and feed Man. 8 % of this land world must import from somewhere. selves when we're angry or hurt or disap is permanently covered with ice; another 7% pointed. Everywhere we turn, we are per Clearly, the have-not nations of the world is arid, barren desert, grudgingly resisting the have lost the capacity to feed themselves suaded to eat more and more; our appetites farmer; another 7 % of the land cannot be are constantly stimul,.ted by lush food pho and are continuing to lose it, at an accelerat broken by the plow-it is mountainous rock. fng rate. tographs, radio and TV commercials, bill Perhaps one day we may drain or tame the boards, enticing food packages. How can we And this has happened even though the swamps of the world. They make up 4% of hungry world has been doing a :fair job of resist? The goal of a "chicken in every pot" the earth's surface. long ago gave way to more impressive status boosting food output. · That leav-es precious little acreage for agri The Paddocks point out that by farming symbols. Good food-and lots of it--is the culture--only 4% of the earth's total to feed American way of life. farther and farther out into the jungle and the needs and the stomachs of the world. farther up the hillsides, the hungry world Little wonde:.- so few of us are "concerned" About 3Y:z b111ion acres for 3V2 billion people. about food--or the lack of it. of the 1950's was able to increase farm pro Land, precious land! Yet everywhere vast duction as fast as its human production. Rarely knowing real hunger, we push our acreages of tillable land are being gobbled selves away from the table, assuming that But the race between the Breeders and up to build houses and industries; to make Feeders got faster and faster and faster. our bounty will last forever--or at least- for superhighways and recreational complexes. our lifetime. There were more mouths to feed. Crop yields But even this ls not new. You know all of in the new jungle lands dropped off. And the Oh, we've heard of our malnourished, this and a lot more. You, here today. starving fellow men around the globe, per hungry world started running out of new Of course, we know it--Big question is land to farm. haps sent gifts to them. But we have never what do we do about it? We are taking a really come to grips with the fact that much look at what I believe is the No. 1 problem In the 1950's, the world still pz:oduced more of the world will go to bed hungry tonight, facing all mankind: Hunger-as you've seen food than it ate-about 9 million tons a year that these same people and more may face it in these pictures I've taken around the more. But in the 1960's the world has pro famine and ~tarvation in less than ten years! world. Is man wise enough to avoid a cata duc.ed less food than it has eaten-about 14 Perhaps the reality of famine is too hard stropic famine? It's possible, but is he wise million tons less each year. a plll for us to swallow. enough? And humble enough?-will he re For example, in 1966 there was no increase How can we-who fight to keep from eat read his Bible about the parable of the tal in food production worldwide. Yet the world ing-know the anguish of fighting for food, ents? For as we all know man was given a had 70 m1111on additional mouths to be fed. or the desperate anger of rioting Indians, multitude of talents-tremendous natural The United Nations Food and Agriculture rampaging through the streets and shouting, resources. But man has destroyed many of Organization says that in the next decade "Give us rice or shoot us!" those resources, wasted them, misused them, the hungry world wilI increase its popula Do we remember "the starving children or used them badly. What other explanation tion by 26 % . Thus, just to stay even-in of India" only when we tell our children to ls there for the plight in which man finds Asia, Africa and Latin America-we must "clean their plates?" Can we possibly under himself today? French Economist Cepedes have 26% more fo<>d in the next 10 years. stand the empty stomach or soul of some says: "It is the scandal of our time that in Alarming fact is: Per capita food produc one forced to subsist on 4 ounces of rice a a world capable of feeding 35 billion people, tion in that part of the worid is falling. day, or less. and containing only 3 billion, two billion In 1965-66, food prod.uction was 4 to 5 percent The story is not exactly a new one. A great suffer from hunger." less per person in Asia, Africa and Latin American-New York's Mayor Fiorello La You here today are doctors and lawyers, America than the year before. Guardla-cared passionately about hungry businessmen and ranchers, educators and To reverse the trends, one or both of two people, for he had seen hungry immlgunts journalists, bankers and scientists, home things are desperately needed: pour into Ellis Island. More than 20 years makers and civil servants. But. you have one 1. We must stop the population explosion! ago, he defined the problem to the newly thing in common: you are active in the cause 2. We must increase food production! founded United Nations. of conservation-you are citizen leaders in We can stop the population explosion by No, there is nothing new about world hun the preservation of our irreplaceable resources either reducing the birth rate, or increasing ger and starvation. And toctry, two out of and in the wise use of. those resources that the death rate. Certainly, we're not going every three people in the world do not get can be renewed. to increase the death rate--our medical sci enough to eat--or the right kind of food to What you have in common is your uncom ence has done wonders to prolong llfe, to keep them healthy and able to work. In mon capability of affecting-iI;l your differ save more babies. We are trying nard to de Asia, nine out of ten suffer from malnutri ent ways-the flow of history. The United crease the birth rate_ We have the pill, and tion. This is today! What of t-0morrow? States-yes, and the world-is looking to the l Y:.i ¢ loop, and India now offers an $8.50 World population by the year 2000-lit you for solutions. transistor radio to every man· who agrees tle more than 3 decades from now-is pro If we cannot define the problem, if we to become sterilized. jected at 7 billion, nearly double what it is cannot make up our minds, then how is the But birth control progress is painfully now. World food production would have to Chicago steelworker or the Congressman from slow. The pill costs money, and women must be increased 15 percent on the average-just Harlem to realize the urgency--of develop learn how to count. In Asia, women demand to maintain the current level of nutrition. ing sane policies for managing and using our women doctors to insert the loop--and And that would still leave half the people resources wisely-before millions starve to they're painfully short of any kind of doc malnourished. The need to grow more food death? tor. And I wonder, can the lure of owning_ an will be even more desperate in the hungry We could, you could alter the course _of $8.50 transistor radio be that strong? areas of the world: 15% more food wlll be history. It has been done before. Unless,. of So much for birth controle needed in Africa, 20 % in the Near East, al course, time already has run out on us. So what, then, are our chances of boosting most 250% in Latin America, 30% in the The title of a recent book predicts a grim food production fast enough to feed every Far East. In just 3 decades. future of impending world starvation: one? The problem is more immediate than the "Famine-1975." · What about what the Paddocks call the vear 2000. By 1974, seven years from now, The authors are two brothers, William and -panaceas? Such things as the productian of India's population will jump by 120 million. Paul Paddock. Their thesis is that it is already algae using hydroponics; the manufacture March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7309 of protein with micro-organisms on petro happen as early as 1975. The date is not too ern World. It's the main meal for nearly one leum; synthetic proteins; desalting the ocean important. The chilling conclusion ls that third of the people on earth. to irrigate the deserts; and farming the man seems to be·headed on a collision course But new short straw rice from the Rice oceans. All of these things are feasible and, with catastrophe. Institute in the Philippines, means higher if enough time and energy were expended on The result could be famine in much of yields to fill empty bellies. These new rice them-they could help fill the growing food Asia, Africa and Latin America. Many ex varieties are another hope for hungry people. gap. . perts believe these fam111es are inevitable. In Red China the peasant farms with a But these ideas are a pretty long way in The world has waited too long to solve its hoe. the future. food and population problems. Many nations In many nations, you see the oxen and There are several new research ideas which are rushing pell men towards a collapse of wooden plow of Biblical days. Human mus will have a significant impact. New dwarf their economies, because of the failure of cles and oxen are used on most farms on wheats can be expected in this country and their agriculture. India now adds one mil earth today. in Canada by the early 1970's-they are al lion new mouths to its food problem every But this, too, is changing, as new machin ready having tremendous impact in the have month. ery is invented and adapted to the tiny fields not nations. A new gene has been discovered The Paddocks believe that by 1975, the of the farmers. Farmers may be illiterate, but in corn which greatly improves its dietary world food problem will dominate all of our they are not ignorant. value by boosting its lysine content. Corn thinking. But birth control must come, or a multi is one of the three great food crops of the Nuclear power as the dominant factor in tude will be doomed, as the little boy in world, along with rice and wheat. international politics will have given way to Ghana whose bloated belly is witness to the New short straw varieties of rice and wheat food. We will be living in an Age of Food. fact that he suffers from protein disease, and are now working near miracles for Pakistan Those countries with food will be the power is doomed to be stunted mentally. and India. They respond dramatically to the ful ones. Those without will be the weak One of the brightest spots I saw on my use of fertilizers. I plan to do a Reader's ones. And those with food to share with their most recent world trip was Pakistan. Until Digest story in Pakistan this spring where friends will be the most powerful of all. recently their grain yields were about the they hope to be self-sufficient in fooct grains A ch1lling thought isn't it? same as they had been ten centuries ago by the end of this year-:-thanks to massive I know many in the audience have ques and that means 8 to 10 bushels per acre. planting of Mexican dwarf wheat. tions and doubts. Are we incapable of head No more. Not since Mexican dwarf wheats But what Pakistan can do, cannot neces ing off this crisis? Or, is it only a question of have come to Pakistan. These wheats are sarily be done by India or other tropical delaying the inevitable? Is the picture really giving double, triple and quadruple the yields countries, although India ls desperately try this black? You know, it's not so difficult to of the old varieties. ing. To overcome the inertia of Centuries be optimistic-at least more optimistic than Mexi-Pak is yielding up to 100 bushels per ls going to take more than overnight effort. the Paddock brothers. Every day you hear of acre under irrigation. This wheat was de We cannot expect instant success. near miracles being performed in so many veloped in Mexico as Siete Cerros, or Seven The Paddocks point out that since World diverse areas. Hills. In Turkey they call it Espigas. In Af War II four-fifths of all the agricultural in As just one example, you know doctors are ghanistan, Hepta-Pak. But everywhere it is crease in the hungry nations has come from striving for human transplants-legs, arms, producing like mad, regardless of its name. putting new land into production. But we're kidneys, hearts-and would you believe Ignacio Nawaez, trained by Dr. Norm Bor running out of new land which can easily be brains? laug, of the Rockefeller Foundation in Mex put into production. There ls land which can Surely, food production cannot be more ico, helped develop Mexi-Pak. He is now with be cleared. Land waiting to be irrigated-but of a challenge than this. Or, these things. the Ford Foundation and wheat consultant all at a price. The cost is enormous. Dr. Les People in the clothing industry say gar to the Pakistan government. ter Brown of the U.S. Department of Agri ments of the future may be heated and air The big reason for the Pakistan success is culture says: "The question of how much conditioned. And disposable, worn only a the enthusiasm of the government. The Pres land can be brought into production ls not few times and thrown away. What little non ident and the Minister of Agriculture get on relevant. It becomes relevant only when you disposable clothing we wear will be stored the radio and tell farmers how important ask at what cost?" in closets where cleansing vapors will keep they are, then get them the seed and fertilizer they need, and the credit, yes, and the price The president's Science Advisory Commit them fresh and bacteria free. Architects talk of houses powered by the incentives. tee issued a report last year in which they The experiment station at Lyallupur is so said: "The scale, severity, and duration of the sun's rays, with walls that can be altered to fit our needs and our moods. enthusiastic about its new wheats that the world food problem is so great that a massive, whole front lawn is in wheat. long-range, innovative effort unprecedented Home economists tell us of tomorrow's Pakistan believes in one year she will have in human history will be required to master computerized kitchens, that plan our meals, it." But they said it could be mastered. calculate our calorie intake, select our foods, enough wheat for her own needs-and in two Money would not be the major limitation then prepare them. years would you believe, maybe some to ex (although that committee said it would re Businessmen tell us we will shop by tele port to India? quire billions of dollars more per year than vision. We select what we want, push a but Yes, there are some bright spots in the food ls now being put into the problem). What ton, and the bank account is automatically picture, but there are still some very black will be the limitation? They say it will be a debited, as the merchant is credited. ones-and we may have run out of time. shortage of scientific, technical and man Educators see home-equipped training At worst, it may be the greatest catastro agerial skill needed for systematic, orderly centers for children. Each child is taught at phe in the history of the human . race, execution of the plan. the speed suited to his ability and quest for one that may well rock the western world to We have the technology now to feed the knowledge. Lessons are programmed; tests its very foundations. Even at best, more peo world. But many fooct experts believe we have are graded instantly. Not only will the diet ple are going to be doomed to what millions to be willing to undertake a major austerity of each family member be programmed, com already accept as their way of life--perpetual program on a world wide scale to get this puters will dictate the amount of exercise hunger and malnutrition-and the listless technology into the hands of farmers. This · needed by each member to offset his calorie ness and apathy that makes nations under means nations will have to do away with intake. You'll take a doctor's exam at home. developed. their armies, stop building their higl}.ways, A sensitive "feeler-light" will examine each So famine looks probably in 1975 or their hospitals, and installing dial tele member of the family, record the informa 1985 . . . or 2000. Until the resources of the phones. It means an austerity program, and tion, and flash it. to the doctor's office. world are mustered to the defense of its big question ls can these developing nations A society capable of such dreams-a so people--and those resources used wisely do it-will tpey do it-in time? ciety capable of setting its sight on the we're really only talking about time, aren't I've often been asked: If the United States heavens--certainly must be capable of dra we? can send a man to the moon, why can't we matic advances in food production. Time! Just time! improve the agriculture in India, Nigeria and The Paddocks see a picture of unmitigated We spend it. We waste 1t: We kill it! Can Brazil? The answer is that improving the black ahead. Frosty Hill of the Ford Founda we save it? Can we buy it? We need as much agriculture in India, Nigeria or Brazil is a tion does not. He says, "we can lick this food time as we can get on this enormous problem. more complicated problem than sending a problem if we get on our horse right now But we can get it-with food! man to the moon. Scientists and engineers and ride like hell. Five years ago we didn't Where is that food? using computers and the vast store of scien even have a horse to ride; Today we can make In the world's food stock piles? Forget it! tific knowledge now available can &end a man it a race." He describes the outlook as "gray They are at an all-time low-a third of what to the moon. Improving agriculture in the and foggy, but not hopelessly black." they were in 1960. During that same period hungry nations where they still farm as they Let's take a look at some of the bright our own t .s. feed grain carryovers dropped did in the time of Christ is more complicated. spots in the food picture I've seen around from 75 m1llion tons to about 25 million. It involves education and social change-and the world, during the past year. Wheat carr.yover plunged from over 1.3 billion changing 2 billion people. In Africa, farmers have slaved all their to less than Ya that amount. Oh, yes, this Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman lives to grow a sparse 8 or 10 bushels per year will be a record crop . year for U.S. says that if cunent trends continue-by acre. farmers. Our corn, soybeans and wheat crops 1984 even the United States with its ·great With new improved seed, they're harvest are 25 % above the 1961-65 average. But even agricultural potential will be unable to fill ing bumper crops, with the promise of more n9w our carryove.rs are only a drc;>p in the the world fooct gap. The result, he says, will to come. bucket compared to long-term world needs. be disaster. The Paddocks believe this will Rice is to Asians what wheat ls to the West- Our carryover will be only 60% of what some 7310 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1968 experts believe U.S. should have as "strategic And Indiana estimates an added 302 mil- Wo asked two questions: reserves". Where do we get the food to buy lion bushels of corn in 13 years. _ 1. "Assuming a real need to avert famine us the time we need until hungry people ' The · state of Wisconsin is capable of an and suffering, approximately how much do can feed themselves? The world is running additional 72 mlllion bushels by that same you think the U.S. government should spend out of virgin soil. -target year. for food aid a.broad each year for the next Country after country has plowed up the Minnesota computes an extra 395 million five years?" last of its "new lands." bushels. A. Less than the $2¥:z billion we are spend- During its "Fourth Plan" period ending These 12 Midwestern states could pro- ing now? in 1971, India will have been able to expand duce-if needed-an extra 3.3 billion bushels B. Same? or its tillable acreage less than 1%. But popu -of corn by 1980, or almost double our 1965 c. More? lation will have mcreased nearly 15%. crop. And now let's call the roll on how much Second question: "Assuming the same con- In 1965, we had 55 million acres in reserve. additional wheat we can produce by 1980- ditions, approximately how much do you The USDA called half of that acreage back again, if the need and incentive is there. think the U.S. government Will spend? into production last year-the better land, Minnesota ls capable of an additional 35 A. Less? mostly. Many agronomists estimate land still million bushels. B. Same? or in reserve is much poorer. Wisconsin adds another 1 million. c. More? The only answer to world food demands Indiana, 21 million bushels. Our survey covered: appears to be "higher yields per acre." But North Dakota figures 186 million extra Members of Congress. Fa.rm organization how? The obstacles have already been ex bushels. leaders. College Deans and other educators. posed: Widespread illiteracy, red tape, lack Oount on 56 million bushels from Businessmen and bankers. Top farmern. of money, credit, seed, fertilizer. Nations Nebraska. Womens Clubs. Church Groups. Labor Union have been known to catapult from Biblical - And 77 million more from Kansas. Leaders. Foreign Policy Groups. Leading Jour- methods to modern day practices-but can Illinois projects an increase of' 61 mlllion nalists. it be done in time? bushels over 1965. I Wish I could pass on to you aZZ the com- For the time being, these underdeveloped Missouri sees an additional 24 million ments which we received, some of them .countries must depend heavily upon imports bushels by 1980. many-page letters~ Let me give you some from the developed world. Nearly 30 million · Ohio adds 12 million to its total wheat excerpts: tons of grain a year flow into Africa, Asia -output. Raymond Ewell, State University of N.Y. and Latin America. Of this amount, two Mlchigan adds 36 mlllion bushels of wheat. says: "The Unit.ed States wlll continue to thirds comes from the United States-the South Dakota, 16 million more bushels. spend too little for several years until there bulk of it from the great Midwest. In 1965, So by 1980 we could produce-if needed- is a great famine in India or some other the twelve states of the Central U.S. grew 525 million additional bushels of wheat in country, or until there is a. sudden revolu about 85% of all the corn, over 80% of the the 12 states-or 75 % more than we're pro- tion, and then the U.S.A. will get going on oats, 75 % of the soybeans, over half of the ducing now. tho problem." wheat-over 70 % of the 8 major crops in this The projected increase for grain sorghums Donald s. Watson, Executive Secretary-, country. in the Midwest was 157 million bushels-or a Farmstead Equipment Association, s·ays: Not bad for the most "underdeveloped" 50 % increase. "This food program has become so inefficient, area on earth. That's what the Paddocks The estimated potential increase for soy- so embroiled by bureaucracy and so down wrote of this tremendous food-producing sec beans is even more dramatic. The 12 states right wasteful that in all good conscience, I tion of our nation. estimate t:q.ey could grow 650 million bushels cannot say that we should continue to spend Yes, they called it "underdeveloped" in more--or nearly double what we're produc- this amount of money on the program." terms of the potential it has for increasing ing now. But Jacob Gerltz, North Dakota farmer, food production. For herein lies the knowl So in total, the 12 midwestern states esti- observes: "Food is much cheaper than war." edge to grow still more, the technical skills, mate we could almost double production in And here are other comments: and management knowhow, the equipment, 11ttle more than a decade from now. Frankly, "Both the world-wide population explosi~n the experience, the transportation, the chem ·some experts feel we can do better than this- and the increasing inroads of famine condi-: icals, the science and the performance- through still higher yields per acre. But on tlons in many lands make it almost inevita everything-including some idle acreage here that Roswell Garst has a word of caution. ble ... that we will provide additional food and there. He's the farmer extraordinary, from Coon for starving millions." Signed Senator Ev How much time could these twelve states Rapids, Iowa, who taught Khrushchev all the erett McKinley Dirksen. in mid-America buy for the world until the Russians know about corn. Bob Garst says, Our food contributions abroad have cre hungry nations can produc~ their_ own food? "From now on increases are going to be much ated an unwarranted and unwise dependency Well, we surveyed those twelve midwestern slower ... and more expensive. Before 1955 of other countries upon the United States. states for their potential production. Here's we-raised about 40 bushels of corn per acre. Signed Clement J. Zablocki, Member of Con. what we found. For the last two years we have raised 72 gress. Given certain price incentives, farmers of ·bushels per acre, an increase of 80%, I do - Russell Duncan, midwestern farmer says: the 12 midwest states alone could nearly not believe we are likely to gain more than "Food is our greatest weapon for peace. in double their food production by 1980-just 20% in corn yields in the next ten years. the world. we now have a program of planned 12 years from now. How important could Our own population will also likely gain 20% scarcity. we Will regret it." - , this extra production be to starving people? 'in tlie next decade." But, Kurt Clock, Associate Editor of Bar- Well, it's commonly accepted that two So says Bob Garst. ron's Weekly, says: "I trust you are fully pounds of gram per day are required to keep So, however we look at it, there seems to aware that in striking contrast to your theme, a man alive, and at least partially produc be a problem. the U.S. Department of Agriculture not only tive. That's 12 bushels a year. Iowa alone, the This is the problem. (Hunger) has cut back wheat acreage for the 68 crop, experts tell us, can produce 730 million In the past years the food from here has but also is considering how to curtail 68 bushels more corn by 1980. moved to there. Food has saved millions of corn and soybean crops. In 1968, Washing This would enable Iowa alone to feed an people from starving--60 million people in ton at least no longer seems to consider the additional 60 million men, women, and chil India alone, last year. The cost of U.S. food world quite as hungry as in 1966." dren, anywhere in the world. But let's take aid-over the last five years--has amounted "The United States will accept.its respon a roll call of the Middle· West. First, how to about $2. billion per year. This year the sibllity in combating famine abroad. There much additional corn could we grow by people of the United States will spend about is also a growing belief that we should plac~ 1980?-if we had the need-and the incen $2¥:z blllion-less than one half of 1 % of greater emphasis on the exportation of agri tive. Let's start with Iowa. our gross national product. $2¥:z billion. How cultural experts." Signed Edward V. Long, Iowa reports an additional 728 million much ls that. A little more than we gave United States Senator. bushels by 1980. to the race tracks and for motion pictures. , "I do not advocate that we let people South Dakota reports 54· million more $2¥:z billion! That's one-third of what we, as starve in the name of self-help, but I do bushels. a nation, spend on. tobacco, one-tenth of not believe that we Will have fulfilled our Michigan in 1980 could produce an addi what we spend on gas and oil, or for our beer commitment -to starving peoples merely by tional 111 million bushels. and ale and "hard" liquor. Only 7% of what spending a great deal of money and shipping we spend on the cars we drive. A bill.on great volumes -of food aid." Walter P. Mon. And Ohio computes an estimated 332 mil dollars less than we pay our farmers not to dale, United States Senator. lion bushels of corn. produce. "After years of oper.ating at 1/10 speed This is Missouri, and we- could show you What has our $2% billion brought? What we should now let. the grain farmers pro another 153 million bushels by 1980. have -we received for it? -Is this the payment duce up to their capacity or a reasonable One billion, one million additional bushels we are likely to receive for helping people .facsimile thereof." Edward K. Thompson~Edi- could be produced by 1980. This 1s Ill1nois help themselves? , tor, Life Magazine. reporting. And there are still more questions that Congressman John Kyl, Iowa, is worried. Kansas predicts 16 million bushels above need to be answered. He says; ''I am convinced that the rash of its 1965 corn output. · Are we trying to play Santa Claus to thf' public-tty last winter, led a. lot of Americans, In .Nebraska we estimate an additional 204 .whole world? including -:rarm-er.s, t'o ~believe -:tha t even the million huahels by 1980. · What does America t.hlnk about all of this? .U.S. would be short ·of ~cultural prochla North Dakota. a.n. additional 3 million by To get some answers we have surveyed hun- tion. I hope that- any present publlctty will 1980. dreds ot the top leaders iJ?, America. not lead tp another- cycle. of .overproduetio~,. '. March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS O.F REM.AR.Ks: 7.311 Dean Sherwood Berg, University of Minne Dean Rusk recently, a.nd he said the world three .children in.to the-rtver .to drown be sota, and Chairman of National Advisory food problem ls more important than Viet, cause she did not want to see them die of Commission on .Food. and Fiber says: "So Nam. slow starvation. _ much depends on the Viet Nam War." Man has learned how to :fly through space~ The population explosion threatens us Prom Milton Eisenhower comes this signif but not how to felld himself adequately. You wtth more hunger, more malnutrition. We icant comment~ "I firmly believe that foreign have seen some of the pictures .I've· ta.ken of probably will have famine, or revolutions, or aid, including food ai(i, 1s often a mere pal bloated stomachs of malnourished childr.en both. It has been said-a man who goes with liative. sometimes self-defeating. Certain in the Middle Ea.st; the diseased and disabled out food for 24 hours will quarrel; one who conditions must prevail in a country to which in Latin America; hopeless humans in Africa;. is denied food for 48 hours will steal, and the aid is extended." . the dull eyes of apathetic Asians who ha-ve one who is without food for '12 hours will As you can see we got a wide variety of been living on wild roots to sustain the spark fight. opinion. Overall, here is the summary: of life. We as U.S. citizens must face reality. The In answer to "How much do you think the "Civilization is running a race with famine world cannot long remain half hungry and U.S. government should spend abroad 23% and the outcome ls ln doubt." "Today, two half fat. Walter Lowdermilk says: "In fam said less than we're spending now. 16% in thirds of all people are undernourished, ines the frail structure of civilization falls dicated the same as we're spending now. And poorly clothed, and inadequately housed.,. apart. People will sell their liberty and 61 % said we should spend more. Thus, a clear Population pressures are making a bad their all for food. A starving man knows no majority were for spending mol'e. situation worse. We have a moon race today. God and no country. I have found that As to how much our government will a missile race• .an atomic race. But ladies and hungry people do not keep their treaties; spend; here are the answers: gentlemen, the most vital race in the world neither will they keep the peace, nor will 12 % said we would spend less. today is the race between the breeders and they stay within their boundaries.'' 36% thought we'd spend about the same. the feeders. Can man produce as fast as he All right, what should we do about it? 52 % thought we'd spend more. can reproduce. Today. I can report to you, the No need to tell you that we can do some So some people who think we should spe~d breeders are winning this race and widening thing. In fact, we're the Big Hope for the more, are not so c-ertain we will spend more. their lead. hungry abroad. For U.S. farm technology So, ladles and gentlemen, what are we to Statistics don't always tell the story: You is the great modern wonder of the worlct. A make of all of this? Our world ts ln one heck can't put a mother's anguish, a child's cry, top-notch American farmer feeds himself of a mess--a.nd has been for some time. or a father's hopelessness into .figures. and 200 others. The American housewife In the 30 years since I left the horseweed More than half ot the children born in buys more food and better quality -:rood with bottoms of the Wabash to travel the globe, La.tin America die before they are six-mostly less of her husband's labor than .any 1n the I have been an eye witness to some rather victims of malnutrition. In North Africa a world. For example: To earn a pound of but hlstorical happenings, have seen much of the mother must bear five children to make cer ter the American works 21 minutes, the world 1n torment. And to coin a. phrase, '"The tain one will live to the age of 16. - Russian works nine times as long. A pound pa.st 1s just prologue," or, "You ain't seen . In their misery, some of the underdevel of sugar costs an American 3 minutes of nothing yet." oped nations of the world have been listen work-a Russian 25 times as long. :i saw and heard Adolf IDtler rant and rave ing to the siren song of Communism, with its We've given away .million11 worth of food, in -a .speech to a hysterical mob in Berlin, intriguing promise of a short-cut to prosper and undoubtedly saved .hundreds of thou yelling tor more elbow room, more resources. ity. sands of lives. But this obviously cannot be I ate dog meat .and shivered ln terror through · The truth is, of course, that Russia can the long term answer. It's impossible for us my 1lrst bombing raid 1n the Spanish Civil put a sputnik into the sky, but cannot put to feed the world. War, the curtain raiser tor World War n. And enough meat and potatoes on the table. The blg hope for the hungry world 1s to I sat on a tool box in a mud hut ln India Food production ls a mismanaged mess in import--not -food but American farm tech while the greatest man I ever met sat on every country the Communists have taken nology-American ideas--America.n leader the dirt 1loor. His name: Mahatma Gandhf. over and rve visited them all from Russia ship in the wise management and use o~ Hts philosophy of passive resistance ha.s set to Red China from Cuba to Outer Mongolia~ resources. fire to the world's colored races, who a.re no Communism breeds hunger. The Communist Look at ·it, selfish1y or unselfishly, and you longer quite so passive. police-state can order a man to run a ma come to the same concluslon. We must help I landed in.Moscow on the day 200,000 Rus chine or to mine coal. But it takes incentive these people help themselves. We must help sians were directed to throw rocks and break to coax more milk from a. cow, or more pigs them use their God-given resources more all the win.dowa in the American Embassy. from a sow. wisely. It was call-ed a spontaneous demonstration, From Red China to Red Cuba., the hall In conclusion, let me The although the loudspeakers had been con.;. marks of communist "Planning" have beeri summarize. viently set up the day before.. I was the one rationing, food queues, acute shortages and world's in a heck of a ferment, and it's going to boil up plenty· more in the years ahead. free Amerlcan in Red China on the day 2 actual famine. The only exceptions ln the million Chinese thronged the streets .of Communist world Me Yugoslavia and Po Here at home we have a tremendous chal Peking shouting "Death to all American land. And significantly, both of these nations lenge--despite our affluence. Are we indeed imperialists.'' have, at least for the moment, given up on wise stewards of our God-given resources? I have flattened on my belly in the jungles -collective farming. The Communist conspir Or, are we going to foul our nest with pol of Viet Nam in a bloody guerrma war-first, acy has been a great political success--but for lution and waste and greed? back in 1950 when the French were fighting its people--a great 'failure. The Communists Abroad, the big race is between the there, and more recently with our own Ameri make the great mistake of squandering the breeders and the feeders .and at the moment, can troops. No question, we have a tiger by .most precious resource of all-the human re the breeders are winning. the tail and cannot let go. source. Economists say the world has the resources I talked with the late Pope Pius, a man of Today, Soviet farm output trails the U.S. to feed ten times our present population. Yet peace, recently criticized in .a controversial by more than 30 % , even though her planted more than half of them are hungry. And play for what he did not do for the Jews acreage is 75 % larger, and she has 45 mlllion hungry people are listless people. And list in World War II-and -1 went through the more people to feed. less people do not feel like working. And if gas chambers of Auschwitz where 4 million The Russian people are not fooled. You can you don't work, well, it's a viciorn; circle. Jews were exterminated, and only great piles tell that from the stories circulating in Rus The U.S. has the know-how to help under of shoes, human hair, and ashes were left sia. One example: At a worker's meeting, the developed nations break that vicious circle. behind. speaker is asked, "What is chaos?" "No, No," Whether we have the wisdom and the per I have seen both feast and famine on all the speaker .replies in ala.rm. "I am not al severance, whether these countries allow continents. I sa.t down with King Ibn Saud as lowed to discuss agriculture!" And another themselves to be helped is not answered so he camped on the famed Arabian desert with story goes like this: One Soviet official proud easily. But as good citizens and good stewards, his camels and his Cadillacs. For dinner we ly says to his companion "Soon the whole we must try. But, we must first be sure our had 30 sheep, roasted whole, and I as honored world will be Communist." But his friend ls own house is in order. A strong America, guest was given the privilege of swallowing worried. He asks: "When the whole world is rooted in its convictions and stewardship. is the first eyeball. And, I've seen starvation, Communist, where will we then buy food?" the best hope for a hungry, disorganized bodies stacked up like -cordwood in India, In the United States in 1966 one !.armer world. as old man Malth us seemed to be winning his feeds himself and 40 others with a high A famous man once defined a good soldier historic argument that man would eventu protein diet. In the Soviet Union one farmer as one who knows what he is fighting for ally outrun his food supply. feeds only himself and six others with a 7D and loves what he knows. No question about it, the whole world is percent starch diet. In the year.s ahead the world is going to be indeed in ferment. But if you could poll every Communism has brought tragedy to desperately in need of evecy good soldier we person on earth with the question: ''What ls China. can muster for our particular way of life. ou r most urgent problem?" you would know The weary people of Red China now get And towards that end, ladies and gentle it's the fear of slow starvation. It ranges far 1800 calories daily, compared with 2300 eal men, will you please repeat with me the Na ahead of the threat of quick extinction by ories pre-war. I have talked with gaunt tional Wildlife Greed! atomic war, or the slow suffocation :from Chinese refugees who ate weeds and wild I pledge myself as a responsible human. to pollution, as nian seems determined to foul roots to appease their hunger. One :woman assume my share of pia.n's stewardship of his own nest. .I talked with Secretary of State told me she saw her .ne1ghbor throw her our natural resources. CXIV--461-Part 6 7312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1968 I will use my share with gratitude without Chief Walter Headley warned that "when observed. that the only alternative to violence greed or waste. you start looting; we start shooting." Both was for the authorities to yield control of I will respect the rights of others and abide colored and white businessmen lauded the the cities where Negroes formed majorities. by the law. plummeting of the crime rate. Added the leader of the Black Student Union I will support the sound management of Evidence of the type of people with whom (BSU) at San Francisco State College, Ben the resources we use. the police are dealing is the decade of calum Stewart; "The best thing white people can The restoration of the resources we have niation they have endured, charged inces do for Negroes is to die." despoiled. santly with "police brutality" because they Meanwhile in Washington, D.O., Martin And the safekeeping of significant re refused to let the underworld take over. Luther King Jr. conferred. with H. Rap sources for postelity. Further evidence in many cities is provided Brown (now in the New Orleans jug) and I wm never forget that life and beauty, by the helmet and bulletproof vests police Stokely Carmichael at the Presbyterian wealth and progress depend on how wisely are wearing, and the protective canopies over Church of the Redeemer after Stokely and man uses these gifts . . . the soil, the water, the drivers of fire trucks. 115 of his Student Non-Violent Coordinating the air, the minerals, the plant life, and Again the commission trots out the tired Committee supporters took over a meeting the wildlife. old alibies for hoodlums; that they are frus of the Southern Christian Leadership Con This is my pledge. trated, have poor job prospects, are culturally ference. Carmichael had barged into the deprived. and do not participate in govern closed meeting, using storm trooper tactics. ment. But what's new about that? Who isn't King capitulated and accepted the coopera frustrated? Haven't the untrained and un tion of the extremists on their promise to be willing always had the poor job prospects? non-violent in the coming seige of Washing Put the Blame on "Whitey" Panel Proved And who has stopped the people in the slums ton in April. As usual, the press was barred. Gutless in Riot Report from visiting a library, attending their dis What did these people want to conceal? trict political club, and registering and A. CHEAP. "OUT" voting? All of a sudden after years of peace and Blaming the white people for our racial HON. E. C. GATHINGS trauma is a cheap, political "out" unworthy OF ARKANSAS quiet the slum people are aflame; denounc ing Whitey, making outrageous demands of the positions the commissioners hold. It is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES upon city, state and federal treasuries, bait cruelly misleading the public to imply that Thursday, March 21, 1968 ing public officials. Why? Because of the by some legerdemain nine-tenths of the power of suggestion and the incitement by population, here or anywhere else, can be Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, re trained agitators with a vested interested in brought to relinquish their prejudices cently the Paragould, Ark., Daily Press grief and despair. against one-tenth where multiracialism ob carried a most thoughtful article by Mr. tains, by being threatened. with conflict and REVEREND KING possible genocide. If this course is pursued, George S. Schuyler, a Negro columnist For ten years Martin Luther King and his the blacks will be the ones to suffer. whose articles are submitted by the band of pulpit-less parsons of the Southern The best we can hope for in this country North American Newspaper Alliance. Christian Leadership Conference (SOLO) is a large measure of tolerance and coopera The article is an analysis of the report have roamed the country obstructing traffic, tion between our diverse peoples. There is by the President's National Advisory slandering officialdom, staking demonstra nothing wrong with prejudice and discrimi tions and inciting to riot all the way from nation per se. Without them we would be Commission on Civil Disorders, and Chicago to St. Augustine. These have been devoid of individual personality and the should be carefully read and studied by aided and abetted by the Congress of Racial ability to act in new situations. When we all citizens. It indicates effectively the Equality, the Students Non-Violent Coordi reach the point in America that we cannot fallacies in the Commission report: nating Committee, the Deacons for Defence choose, in effect, pre-judge the professions, and Justice, the Black Panthers and a horde associations and neighbors we prefer, it will PUT THE BLAME ON "WHITEY" PANEL PROVED of others in cities across the land, panting to not be America any more. Unfortunately, GUTLESS IN RIOT REPORT stir strife. there are ignorant and evil people trying to (George s. Schuyler) As if there were not enough segregation to destroy America as we have known it. (Mr. Schuyler, a Negro man who is out fight, the National Association for the Ad Like Schopenhaur's porcupines, we Amer spokenly conservative, has been an editor and vancement of Colored People initiated and icans will have to learn to huddle close newspaperman for half a century. Among his has persisted in a hare-brained battle against enough to keep warm but distant enough books are "Black No More" and "Black and what it has dubbed de facto school segrega not to prick each other. Right now we are Conservative.") tion. This has successfully kept the cities in on a collision course, and we had better all As predicted by the suspicious when it was uproar; fraying the nerves and trying the hold up. It is a time for firmness; not appointed by President Johnson on July 29 patience and tolerance of otherwise friendly :flabbiness. last year, the National Advisory Commission or indifferent whites, and raising the expecta on Civil Disorders (NAOOD) has produced ari tions of poor Negroes led by psychotics. outrageous whitewash. It is indicative of the As was to be expected, the commission de The Terrible Economic Realities of the pervasive gutlessness of current officialdom nies that there is or has been any conspiracy and civil leadership on all levels in coping behind the civil riots, when reasonably ob War in Vietnam with the crisis confronting us. servant Americans see quite the contrary. It Not unexpectedly, the police, perennial is an insult to the collective intelligence. whipping boys of those running interference The leaders of the civil rights organizations HON. JOSEPH D. TYDINGS for demonstrators, are blamed by the com have always kept close liaison. Recently they OF MARYLAND have been meeting secretly with reporters ex mission for undue severity in suppressing IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the riot-prone, retardate, extremist-inclted cluded, as at the Black Power conference in and criminally-inclined elements usually Newark while the surrounding neighborhood Thursday, March 21, 1968 dormant in every city. The police are the smoked from vandalism and arson, and like first line of defense against the troglodytes minded people from Los Angeles to Boston Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, during ever waiting to mug pedestrians, snatch gathered to blame white people for every recent weeks the free world has experi pocketbooks, rape nurses, toss molotov cock Negro social malady. They all supported the enced financial chaos as a result of the tails, overturn cars, smash windows and Conference of Federated Organizations enormous price our country is paying for gut stores. (COFO) in Mississippi's travail. the war in Vietnam. The enormousness The commission cries tut-tut because the MISINFORMATION of that price and the havoc it is wreak police fired volleys to suppress snipers and With the cooperation of Marxist student ing in our own economy has not been vandals; as if they were supposed to tap mob groups on hundreds of campuses, civil rights generally recognized until now. wrists and recite the Pledge of Allegiance leaders and spokesmen. Both extremist and It is high time for us to take stock of while the town burned down around their moderate, have carried on a campaign of ears. misinformation and miseducation. One week the terrible economic realities of the war POLICE DO KNOW filthy-speech playwright Leroi Jones stages in Vietnam and move rapidly toward a so now the police are advised to train more one of his anti-white plays in Intermediate deescalation and settlement of that war. diligently and, along with other citizens, School 201 in Harlem with the connivance of I wish to make four points: understand better the dimensions of the the school authorities, the exclusion of all First. Our present economic and fiscal emergency and the nature of the people reporters and the bankrolling of the Ford policy is on a collision course with disas with whom they are dealing. It is because the Foundation; and the next week he attends ter. As the basis of world monetary police DO know the agitators and criminal a three-day symposium on social revolution policy, principal lubricant of world trade elements with which they are dealing that at the University of Oregon in Eugene. the cities have suffered no more than they In fine fettle, as usual, the playwright and our domestic economy-the dollar did. Illustrative of this knowledge was the who is out on bail for carrying arms during is rapidly deteriorating. drop in the Miami, Florida, crime rate by the Newark shambles shouted "We will gov Second. Our economic crisis is linked 60 percent in Negro districts after Police ern Newark or no one will govern it." He directly to our overseas military commit- March 21, 1968 7313: ments, particularly to the war 1n Viet-' World War II, a quarter of a million knows how much lt will cost if it is esca nam.. American troops_are stationed in Europe. lated further-is now costing $2 % billion Third. We are now clearly a warfare Fifteen years after the end of the Korean a month-$600 million a week--$85 mil state with over 79 percent of our budget war. 50,000 of our troops are still in lion a day. going for war or war-related projects, Korea. And we cannot get $250,000 this sum while health, education, welfare, and the More than 2 million military-con mer for "Operation Champ" in Balti cost of general government of our peo nected Americans are stationed abroad. mor':l. ple take up 12 percent of our budget. · We have fully 132 major military bases We spend more on Vietnam in 1 year Fourth. The proposals offered by the outside our own country. This is costing than the combined total of all Federal Treasury in January to meet the Presi us. aid to education, all health programs, dent's goal of slashing $3 billion from Our military expenditures abroad-in hospital construction, and medical re the 1968 potential payments deficit are Europe, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia search; all housing and aid to cities; all unrealistic, inadequate, and completely make the largest contribution to the bal aid to depressed areas; all foreign aid, avoid the issue. ance-of-payments deficit which is caus the Peace Corps, the war on poverty An internationally respected member ing our crisis. and practically the entire cost of our do of the financial community told me on During the past 6 years, our overseas mestic government-Congress, the Fed Monday: military establishment has created a net eral courts, the Departments of Labor, The United States 1s handling its fiscal payments deficit of $14.3 billion. Were it Justice, Post Office, Interior, Commerce, affairs like an underdeveloped nation before not for off setting military sales abroad, Housing and Urban Development, a,nd its first meeting with the Inter!lational Mon the deficit since 1961 would be $22 bil Health, Education, and Welfare. etary Fund. lion. During the same period, we have Measured against these facts, the But it does not require an expert to lost $5.8 billion in gold to cover our emergency measures proposed by the know that something is seriously wrong. deficit. Treasury are ineffective-at best. Re In the past 2 weeks, speculation and In other words, our overseas military moval of the gold cover is a stopgap, other gold purchases have drained more operations alone have accounted for our which contributes nothing to correcting than $2 million from our rapidly dwin entire payments deficit and gold out the problem-except a few more days dling stocks. And most experts blame flow-and, worse, have been 240-percent before we must face reality. It merely the crisis on us-on our economic condi greater than the actual foreign redemp throws open to foreign creditors what tion. tion of dollars for gold. If every dollar we gold we have left. Look at the facts: have actually lost because of military The gold drain is directly and irrevo First. Our balance-of-payments deficit spending abroad were presented for re cably tied to our balance-of-payments in 1967 was .$3.6 billion. Except for 1957, demption, we would lose 70 percent of deficit-and this cannot be corrected by we have now had 18 consecutive years of our gold stock which remains. a tourist tax of dubious value or by international payments deficit-and our These are the causes of our economic restrictions on ioreign investments- average for the past 10 years is $27 bil problem-not domestic. expenditures. which, by the way, pay for themselves in lion annually. Contrary to common myth, we have not 2¥2 years. Second. In December, our gold stock been extravagant with our own people The only way to restore the integrity of declined at a rate which-if continued here at home. We have been extravagant the dollar is to retrench Government would exhaust our reserve within a year. with our military abroad. spending abroad. And the only way to do Third. Since 1957, ·our gold reserves It may be comforting-and it is cer this is by bringing home large numbers have fallen from $22.4 billion to less than tainly easy-to blame our economic of American troops now stationed $12 billion. troubles on hospitals, schools, and hous abroad. Fourth. At the same time, total foreign ing for our citizens. But the fact is that I believe that our course is clear. It is holdings of dollars with a call against we· are not a welfare state. We are a war not to reduce our spending on our own our gold have more than doubled-from fare state. people. Last year we cut our domestic $15 billion to $32 billion. Of the $157 billion appropriated by budget $5.9 billion. And Congress appro Fifth. It appears that this year we Congress in 1967, 79 percent went for war priated $1 billion less for domestic pro will run an administrative budget deficit and war-related items, and 10. 7 percent grams than in the preceding year. The of over $18 billion-a national income for all items in the health, education, and richest Nation in the world, a Nation accounts deficit of $10 billion. At the end welfare category. which, in the name of defense, contain of the current fiscal year we will have A breakdown of last year's budget is as ment, prestige, face-call it what you had a 2-year deficit of $30.4 billion, or follows: will-a Nation which can spend $1,500 a $17.5 on the NIA budget. Percent year for every man, woman, and child The President's budget for fiscaL 1969 :M:illtary ------56.3 in Vietnam--ean-in the name of com proposed military expenditures greater Veterans (Includes past wars)------4. 9 mon decency and humanity-spend more National debt------10. 8 than any nation has ever spent. Foreign relations (mainly !oreign aid)_ 2. 7 than 11 percent of its taxes on decent Sixth. For the first time since World Space race ______4.8 housing, jobs, and education for its own War II inflation is a real and present Agriculture and national resources____ 5. 3 people.. danger. Between 1961 and 1965 consum Commerce and transportation______2. 6 The price we are paying for our mili er prices rose an average of only 1.2 Housing and community development__ . 5 tary grandeur in Vietnam and elsewhere Health, education, and welfare ______10. 7 percent a year. But since 1965 they have General government ______1.9 is not only beyond all reason. In the light bee_n rising at a rate in excess of 3.5 per of our economic position and our own cent a year. Oui military expenses since World War needs, it is also completely beyond our Our binge of extravagance abroad is II are really beyond comprehension ability to pay. catching up with us. We have been con nearly a trillion dollars. Since 1946, we The supreme irony of Vietnam is that ducting our economic affairs since 1965 have handed out to our so-called friends a war fought in the name of interna as if the basic laws of economics contain and treaty obligees $38 billion in weap tional order now threatens to destroy special exemptions for the United States. ons, ammunition, and military equip the economic order of the free world. Well, they do not. ment, which they-from time to time- I believe that we must find a middle Can we not be guided by the tragedy have used on each other. way between a fortress America-isolated of 1931-when the monetary system We have formally pledged ourselves to and alone-and a bankrupt America crashed? Can we not be forewarned by defend 42 countries. And we have spent acting as policeman for the world. Britain which-in a panic to maintain and spent. In defense of one of these I, for one, know what course I shall the gold value of the pound-piled up countries to which we are pledged-Viet follow. I shall vote at every opportunity short-term claims against its gold, per nam-we have now spent $52 billion. And to reduce our military commitments mitted a run on its currency, the erection if we take into account other costs-like abroad. I shall vote at every opportunity of exchange and tariff. controls-and veterans benefits for the next generation to liquidate this war. .And I shall vote presided over the collapse of world trade? and interest on .$30 billion in new na against sending new troops to Vietnam. I do not believe this need· happen to us. tional debt-the war has probably cost I shall, at every opportunity, try to I believe there are solutions. closer to $100 billion-so far. force the administration to face this Twenty-five years .after the end of This war at its present level-and who crisis and to "pay the fiddler today." We March 21, -1968 have "danced" too long, and the hour their mother's daughters, for a woman who is on its waves, and the victims it has claimed of reckoning is hei;-e. In a democracy, to the ma.nor born is without peer in the have ·been enfolded in its bosom and have each man must make his own choice. realm of things feminine, and is the best of found sepulcher at its bottom, but it has all the gifts that nature has made to the its uses and its purposes. Some are ap world, for the.re is nothing in life that ever parent, some are hidden, but it goes always approaches the uplifting face and refining on and leaves us to wonder what is the song influence of women. that it sings to the sea. · Address of the Late State Senator I extend my sincere congratulations to you And it is well to contemplate these and the young ladies who compose this year's graduat countless other mysteries of nature, for, af Thomas J. Downing ing class. The work that you have done has ter all, all that is acquired in schools, col told its tale. Your efforts have had their leges and other centers of learning only goes reward. You have achieved the "mark and the better to prepare us for the course that HON. WILLIAM M. TUCK the prize of your high calling." You have every human being must take in that col OF VIRGINIA measured up to the standards that this lege of "hard knocks," that university of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES institution has planned for you. You have world where all nature is the course of Thursday, March 21, 1968 performed the ta..sk that you set for your study and all mankind makes up the roll selves. You have satisfied the hopes and ex of pupils. Mr. TUCK. Mr. Speaker, the late State pectations of those whose eyes have been up In that broadened :field of learning all of Senator Thomas J. Downing-1868- on you, and now it is your privilege to write the arts and sciences in which nature 1927-of Lancaster County, Va., was the word "finis" to your activities here. Still, abounds claim the best attention of him who· this is not your destination; it is only a mne would succeed. There are to be found -the widely known and highly respected stone that you have reached on the pa,thway laws that govern the movement of the plan throughout the Commonwealth of Vir of life, and while I know that it is epochal ets in their orbit, the seasons in their rota ginia, and particularly in the historic and a point to which you wm always look tion, and the sun in its course. The artist northern neck, where he resided at his back with pride, still it is only the beginning draws his inspiration from the coloring of ancestral home "Edgley." Senator Down of your oareers, and I trust and believe that the clouds, the blending of the tints of the ing was the grandfather of our esteemed this fulfillment of your hopes is only a crust flowers, and the perfect symmetry of all the and highly respected colleague, the Hon to the great achievements that shall be yours, models, in this great studio where all are orable THOMAS N. DOWNING, of the First no matter what may be your chosen line of joint owners, and in which are to be found endeavor. the original of all the great masterpieces by Virginia District. You stand upon the very threshold of life. which men have become famous in only copy I had the privilege and pleasure of You are in the first dewey hours of the ing. serving with Senator Downing in the morning of your womanhood. The future In the healing art, the two great inanimate General Assembly of Virginia, where we stretches on, like an untrod vista before you, divisions of nature, the vegetable and mineral were warm personal friends. and the time has come to you when you must kingdoms, have furnished men with most The Senator from Lancaster was en decide what pa.th you will follow and wha.t of the salves and lotions which go to alleviate course you will lead. So many lives of use suffering and assist in removing obstructions dowed with sterling qualities of charac fulness are open to the women of today in the orderiy course of nature in the human ter, was a brilliant lawYer, and was one that it is well that you stop and consider body, and optiinlsts declare that somewhere of the most outstanding speakers and what is your life work, and this ofttimes is in the hidden excesses of nature are to be orators Virginia has produced in several a perplexing thing to decide. found the antidote for all of the ills that generations. No written words or printed The time comes to us all when we stand nature is heir to. speech could justify and sustain the great uncertain beside the pathway of life. It In the field of hygiene, the unlevel face reputation he enjoyed as an orator. His comes from some point we know not where; of the earth shows the necessity of proper it goes to some place beyond our view. We drainage, and the clear and sparkling wa well modulated voice, his attractive per step out of the shrubbery of youth, we ters that come from the cups of old mothel'. sonal appearance and his platform man go along its stretches; the hour strikes for earth teach the purity of :filtration, while the ners enhanced and gave force to his us, and we fall where we are, but the road dashing rains and blowing wind make us utterances. goes on; at times we journey hand in hand know that cleanlin~ss of surroundings is one In June 1919, the late Senator Down with congenial companions and sometimes of the laws of Deity. In architecture, the ing made the commencement address we are beset by robbers and highwaymen most valuable lessons may be learned from before the graduating class of the along the way; sometimes we have songs the most despised creatures of the earth, and of gladness on every side, and sometimes while it is said that "nature despises all an Fredericksbui:g-now Mary Washing in the darkness of despair we hear the gles," yet the creatures of nature have for ton-College at a time when his daugh croakings of the voices of evil omens; some all time employed them; and of these all man ter, Miss Sue Downing-the present Mrs. times we skip and dance for joy along its is the only inhabitant of the earth who has Tom Lee Broun-was a member of the way, and sometimes the way is rough and sought to improve on the original plans. graduating class. the cliffs a.re hard to climb, but the road The spider weaves the gossamer of his The speech to which I refer is filled goes on. We go forth in youth when time web, and in the making of his home employs with sound philosophy and good com is young with us. We loiter and play in the the srune angles and frames, the same paral fullness of youth. We reach Inlddle life and lelograms in his many-sided home that his monsense. I am glad to include the same look back and see where we have travelled :first ancestor spun on the dew-kissed twigs in these remarks as fallows: and we hurry on-old age creeps with of Eden. This insect also teaches industry Mr. President, Young Ladles of the State stealthy steps behind us and overtakes us; and tenacity of purpose, and no sweeter story Normal School, La.dies and gentlemen: My we totter, we stumble, we fall, but the road is told than how Robert the Bruce took :first expression shall be to make my pro goes on. And so when we start on this courage from the efforts of a spider and re found acknowledgment of the very flat journey we must go prepared with firm and trieved the lost fortunes of his chivalrous tering invitation extended to me by your steady step, with a heart that beats true people. President and the Faculty to be here upon to some set purpose, with an eye that is From the bee, too, we can learn lessons in this occasion, and in obedience to which I am clear _and original, with courage and de industry anq ideas in architecture. Take a here to do myself the honor of participating termination, for the road goes always on. look at a hive, and every cell is of the same in these, your closing exercises. I only wish Our course at times leads us to the banks of dimension, the same height, and the same that it were my good fortune to be able to some broad river, and we watch with rapture shape. Economy of space and hygiene are reach the high level of this occasion and and interest its ceaseless activities. Some also brought into play, and we gather that, that I might give utterance to the statements times it is quiet like a sea of glass, and the in nature's scheme of civic government, a that a time like this inspires, not only in the craft upon its bosom brings home the idea republic or a democracy has no place, but a young who are looking hopefully ahead, but that the whole scene is as idle "as a painted monarchy is the only recognized mode of gov in those who have advanced further along on ship upon a painted ocean." And then its ernment. They have no parliaments, no house the road of life and who can look back over mood will change, and it will become of deputies, no congresses. They don't even the path that they have trod, to another day as wild and untamed as a banshee in its have kinds. But it is as in the case of all of in their lives, and which is now among the wrath. The white caps of its anger tell us the homes that I know of that the queen bee things that are gone and never to be relived. that its bosom is torn by an uncalculable is the all important factor, and everything The beautiful and inspiring scene presented anger. It lashes its shores, and roars its de must be subservient to her superior will and here admonishes me that my compliments fiance, and we wonder that such a change pleasure, and while the drones have no say are due, and that it is a pleasure to pay could take place, sometimes laughing and so--in home affairs-I don't want you young these to the young ladies who compose this gay in its gladness and, in a twinkling of ladies to gather too much hope from this college. Their appearance-the air of re an eye almost, mad in its rage. We think of circumstance, for you will :find that there is finement and good breeding that marks them the pleasures it has afforded and the havoc no female suffrage, no ballot boxes, no clubs, all-stamps them with the caste of true it has wrought. Upon its bosom the com and I congratulate the old he-bee that there Virginians, speaks of cultured homes, of re merce of the world is carried, and in its are no dressmakers and milliners in that fined surroundings, of ca.r.eful pa.rents, of course it turns the wheels of countless fac pleasant abode. considerate friends, and tells us that they a.re tions._ Gay par~ies have been b<;>rne in joy These are only one or two of the countless March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7315 thousands of lessons to be learned in -nature's Don't think that all of you can achieve and love; her soil has been baptised in the school, where all that can engage the atten greatness, or shine in splendor. It was not patriotic blood of her best beloved, and she tion of man is laid out in panoramic display so intended in the great scheme of things. has sent her sons to other lands that justice for his observation and study and which All sorts and kinds of humanity have their might not perish from the earth. Her every leads us all to the contemplation of the places and their uses. Some may be less hilltop has its tradition of chivalric deed boundless wisdom of he who sits upon the resplendent than others, and still all are im and her every dale its story of love. circle of the heavens and surveys the work portant. And so I beg you, no matter what The Great God of Light when he arises ings of his hands, for he it was who builded niche you may fill, to let contentment and fresh from his bath in old ocean counts it the universe and made the earth for a foot determination go hand in hand with you. his cheerful blessing to cast his first sweet stool to his imperial throne. He arched the Remember that, as it is with things mate smile on her, and when he enters the por heavens and set the stars within their proper rial, so it is with things unseen. The founda ticoes of his Western home and draws the places to bedeck the sky by night, and by tion stones of a building, though out of draperies of the twilight about him, with his day he illumined our space with an immense sight hidden beneath the face of the earth, last shaft of day he wafts her a kiss of good arch of electric light; he set the machinery are of more importance to the structure night. As the beacons along our coast rear of nature in motion and the seasons follow than are the gilded cages that grace its their waves high above the level waste of each other and the days and the nights with dome. waters that surrounds them, so Virginia lifts accuracy and precision. It is not the tall spires that make the her proud crest far above the level of her He moistens the face of the earth with the great city, but the church, the palace, the sister states, still holding aloft the light that dews from heaven. He makes the twigs to store, the factory, the shop, and the hum was put into her hands by her sons of other swell and the buds to burst, and causes the blest homes as well. The sapling that is days to guide her steps as she went forward ripened fruit to grow on branches that were swayed by the wind is as much a part of as a pioneer in the wilderness to welcome bare, and he causes a carpet of green to cover the forest as is the mighty oak that lifts its the strangeness of a new world. the earth in spring, and in winter flings over top to the heavens. In music, if we struck And as a Virginian, talking to Virginians, it a mantle of "White Sa.mite Mystic Wonder only the major chords, all harmony would be here on Ma.rye's Heights, made sacred by the ful." He tunes the voices of the birds and lost. The minor note gives the pathos and blood of Virginia patriots spilled in a holy paints the faces of the flowers, and causes the the sweetness to it all. For the beauty of cause; with the traditions that come to us waters of the sea to turn backwards at his the picture, it is just as important to have from the past, with the splendor that is ours will. In the presence of the perfect handiwork the shrinking figure that sits in the tw111ght, of today, and with the hope that lightens the of this great architect of the universe, all there where the Ugh t ·and darkness kiss, as future for us, I charge you in your mother's thinking men stand mute and marvel at the it is to have the heroic form that stands name, and by all the things that you hold unlimited power of he who fashioned nature. "where the fierce light beats upon the dear, that you keep her altars guarded well The men who have put in motion the forces throne." And the drop of water that lies calm and her lights ever brightly burning. that have done most to the benefit of human and serene beneath some rock at the bottom ity were those who have given the redounded of the sea is as much a part of old ocean study to the hidden mysteries around them. as is the spray that lashes itself into fury Franklin drew from the clouds the angry and foam on the top of some mighty billow. The Need for a National Land Use Policy lightning, and gave to mankind the means of Men boast of their achievements, of the power, light, heat and communication, which fortunes they make, of the reputation they if taken from us now would make us feel as earn, of the structures they erect, but of a.ll HON. LEE METCALF if we had stepped back a thousand years into OF MONTANA the blackness of the past. of the buildings men have made, whether of Newton discovered the laws of the earth's brick or of stone, of mud or of wood, whether IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES attraction for other bodies, and struck the of grand proportions or meager in their meas Thursday, March 21, 1968 scales from the eyes of blighted man. His urements, whether of stately appearances or thesis dug deep into the secret places of na humble in their apportionments, the greatest Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, on ture and found the potion that could con achievement of man is when he has won the February 2, 1968, Mr. Mortimer E. quer pain and bring the restful sleep to the love and the hand of some good woman, and Doyle, executive vice president of the human frame in all its agony. led her into the abode he has made, over National Forest Products Association, Since the first man, men have striven to which is written the soulful word "home," in which household the majesty of the law spoke to the Natural Resources and Agri eat of the tree of knowledge. Some have in a cultural Committees of the Chamber of measure succeeded, but thousands have is love, and the scepter of authority is the failed. "Many have striven, some have fal determination to do one's part; where each Commerce of the United States. His topic tered, where many firmly trod and fell with vie with the other in all of the things that was "The Need for a National Land Use this weight of care upon the great World's make for happiness and contentment; a.nd Policy.'' attic stairs that slopes through darkness up where all join in respect to the sturdy head Early in his address, Mr. Doyle spoke to God." of the house and do homage to the majestic of the need to develop a "sound na In all the ages, sages and seers have sought Queen of home. tional land use policy for the forest prod to find the hidden treasures in the things Young ladies, in parting from you, I con ucts industry," but said any resource in that were dark. The great strides that have gratulate you on the auspices under which been made by men have been due to their you go forth to solve the problems of life. dustry can "substitute its own key word thoughtfulness and study. There never was Your lives have been cast in pleasant places for 'timber' and be in close agreement." a time in the history of the World where and you have a goodly heritage. In this day He then stated his case in language people gave as much attention to education of our history where American manhood and that may be questioned by some. and the things that it can accomplish as American brains sit in high places in all the He spoke of "the recreation mania now. The intercultural standards of the race world, where a schoolmaster bom in Vir which is sweeping the Nation." He ques are being constantly raised, and, to keep them ginia is teaching statesmanship to the tioned significant additions to our sys in this great upward movement, every year Crown-heads of the world, where the tem of national parks, including the Na the colleges replenish the store of knowledge righteous thank Virginia and the God above by graduating and sending out from their for the man Woodrow Wilson, whose name tional Redwood Park in California, the doors their score of graduates to go forth to strikes terror to the lawbreaker who is on North Cascades National Park in Wash work in this good field, and they come as do his knees, for it comes like a scourge wielded ington State, the Voyageurs National the gracious showers from above, for where by the relentless hand of justice. Park in Minnesota, and said there are you young ladies go forth from here, it is Virginia has given Washington to his "innumerable" other legislative pro each in her own chosen path; like, too, the Country, Lee to fame, and Woodrow Wilson posals "with recreation and esthetics raindrops that fall from the same cloud, but, to the world; all from this same soil, reared oriented set-asides which involve either in their descent to earth, they separate and in the same atmosphere, influenced by the acquisition of private land holdings or each goes forth on its own peculiar mission, same surroundings. Revering the same tra some to moisten the face of the earth, that ditions, I hail you young ladies of Virginia. removal of commercial timberlands al it may bring forth its fruits that man may For Virginia is our inheritance, and what ready under Forest Service manage eat to fullness; some to furnish the power a proud legacy is ours; her founders laid ment." In this latter category he included to drive the great wheels of industry; some deep her bed rocks in purity and principles, legislation "involving the establishment to replenish the great waterways, and it her men have ever been leaders amongst of wilderness areas, wild and scenic riv ofttimes happens that the drop of water that men, and her women have taught modesty ers, scenic trails, national seashores." seems most blessed as it nestles close to the and purity and virtue to the women of the Mr. Doyle also mentioned Senate legis heart of the rose will fall from that tender whole world. lation to earmark revenue from the sale embrace and go to refresh the roots of a Nature has emptied the cornucopia of of offshore oil leases for the land and poisonous weed that is trying to destroy the plenty in her lap, and she uses her wealth water conservation fund. He said the . rose. You must beware of this, for the high for the betterment of her people. Her limpid est can fall the farthest. streams are her meathouses, and she gives legislation would give the National Park I would not for the world do aught to the bread from her harvest to the mouths Service and its Bureau of Outdoor Rec lessen the ambition of one of you, but I would of her children. She sits upon her moun reation more than half a billion dollars beg you to carefully select your life work and tain throne, and at her feet the laughing in the next decade to acquire private pursue it unrelentingly. waters sing their ceaseless songs of adulation lands. 7316 EXTENSIONS- Of· REMARKS March 21, 1968 His remarks deserve careful study by kinds 1s evident throughout testimony pre The Senate has passed a bill calling for all who are sincerely concerned about sented to the Public Land Law Review Com the establishment of North Cascades Na our natural resources. After that study, mission everywhere in the United States. tional Park in the State of Washington. EIGHT AREAS FOR AcrION While relatively little private land will be there may be some comments from our acquired in this 1.2 million acre park, wilder major national conservation organiza The position of those of us concerned with ness and recreation area proposal, federal tions, among them the Wildlife Man the restricted realization of the potentialities commercial timber lands now operating un agement Institute, the National Wildlife of our present land base can be summarized der the Forest Service will be transferred to succinctly in eight points derived from an jurisdiction .of the National Park Service Federation, the Wilderness Society, the analysis of that testimony: National Parks Association, the Izaak which will end forever the possibility of real 1. Federal lands embrace material resources izing either economic or tax yield irom the Walton League of America, and the and public and private uses which should be timber and lands involved. Sierra Club. · developed more intensively. In Northern Minnesota plans are under I ask unanimous consent that the 2. Resource' users need to be assured that way to establish Voyageurs National Park speech be printed in the RECORD. their particular resource or use will be avail which will embrace 108,000 acres and require able to the public on a continuing basis. There being no objection, the speech 3. Those resource users requiring a substan federal acquisition oi 69,000 acres of private was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tial capital investment to convert or use lands as well as removing from -potentia;l as follows: these resources need long-term assurances production another 7,000 acres contained in that predictable quantities of the resource Superior National Forest. THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY There are, of course, innumerable other (A presentation before the National Re- will be made available to specific users under formal agreement. These agreements legislative proposals at various stages of de sources and Agricultural Cammittees of the velopment involving the establishment of Chamber of Commerce of the United would include long-term timber sale con tracts, long-term concession contracts for wilderness areas, wild and scenic rivers, States, by Mortimer B. Doyle) ski and other recreational developments, scenic trails, National Seashores, and related It has been said that in a democracy the long-term leasing or long-·term grazing per recreation and .aesthetics-oriented set-asides policy must follow the people before the mits, f-or example. which will embrace 108,000 acres and require people will follow the policy. 4. These resources and uses should be made land holdings or remova.l of commercial tim This has been manifest with respect to available at rates and under terms which ber lands already under Forest Service man the lack of substantial policy covering the Will foster a healthy economy in the local agement. use of our national land base. area involved. THE PROBLEMS ARE URGENT The United States of America has no spe 5. While there is considerable disagreement I cite these few examples only to reveal in cifically stated national land use policy. on the methods to be used, local government sharp detail the present urgent problems di This is no doubt true because there are units need to receive, in one form or an rectly affecting the interest of not only pri such divergent views as to the values which other, equitable recognition of the federal vate enterprise but the ultimate interest of may be derived from the land. Land policy, land base within their jurisdiction and its in the national economy and the benefits de therefore, or the lack of lt, tends to reflect fluence on their revenue base. riving from it to the people. the confusion brought about by conflicting 6. Federal land managers at all levels There are other speci:flc problems which purposes among large elements of our na should encourage increased public participa are related to proper land use in the public tional society. tion in land management decisions. interest. In the present statutes there is no provi 7. Neither substantial additions to federal One of particular concern to the forest sion for the assignment of values to the ownership of federal lands is warranted. A products industry at the moment is the drain land in relation to the enduring interests of basic need is that land acquisition, manage of logs from publle lands in the Paci:flc North the people. ment and disposal policies be responsive to west to ful:flll the wood fiber requirements of NATIONAL POINT OJ' VIEW NEEDED the needs of those persons, industries and the Japanese. communities dependent on those resources. There a.re, of course, innumerable acts Japan is in the middle of a bullding boom. 8. Federal lands are capable of providing It requires large quantities of lumber and responsible for limited situations which several commodities and services which are . govern the .speci:flc uses of land in the pub plywood. not mutually exclusive in a long-term man But it buys that lumber and plywood from . lie domain, but despite present efforts of . agement plan. While a nebulous concept at the Public La.nd Law Review Commission to Canada. best, "multiple-use" should nevertheless be Canadian law prohibits the export of logs assemble and codify and eventually amend viable. these statutes, there .is no present provision except under very severe restrictions. A COMMON PROBLEM This is also the case in Alaska where, by for conscious adoption of a national policy, Forest industry spokesmen have provided or 11 you will, a national point of view, law, timber must be processed through pri the Commission with considerable detail on mary manufacture before Jt can be exported. which will afford assurances to all the people :federal land management problems which that the la.nd mass of the United States wlll affect the companies and communities de IN THE UNITED STATES return maximum benefits to all the people, pendent on federal timber resources. But, in the United States continental area all the time. While there Is some difference 1n emphasis there is no restraint on the export of logs and, There has been, in recent years, an im from region to region, our industry's basic consequently, the Japanese buy all the logs position of increasing demands upon the comments are largely of a nature that would they can get and pene:flt from the manufac land for single use Without regard to the permit any resource industry to substitute turing employment and income in Japan. versatility of the land and its ab111ty, under its own key word for "timber" and be in They do not, and evidently w111 not, Will proper supervision, to fulfill the widely di close agreement. ingly buy lumber from the United States so verse needs of extractive industry, agricul The essentiality of making a conscious ef long as they have ready access to logs. ture and grazing, fl.sh and wildlife protection fort to sponsor the development of a sound With the federal government and dominant and replenishment, watershed development, national land use policy for the forest prod timber owner in both Oregon and Washing and outdoor recreation. ucta industry can best be demonstrated by ton, U.S. mill owners are dependent upon Little attention llas been paid to the con a qulck review of the current conditions federal timber as a source of raw material. stant shrinking of usable land as the con which are inexorably reducing land avail Because Japanese are able to bid for federal sequence of multiple problems of urban able for growing commercial timber. timber in direct competition with American sprawl, superhighway development, reser The Senate has passed and sent to the timber buyers and are willing to pay prices voirs, airfields, and set-asides for a wide House a b111 which would establish a 66,000- double what the Ainerican manufactured variety of single-use public purposes such acre National Redwood Park in Northern product will bear, the Japanese are outbid as parks, military reservations, wilderness California. ding U.S. mm operators and obliging them to areas, scenic and wild rivers, and greenbelts. WHAT PRICE PARKS? close down. INDUSTRY IS NOT ALONE Last year 4200 Jobs were lost in mllls shut The proposed park would provide for the down due to a shortage of logs at realistic While the forest products industry is in acquisition of 33,000 acres of privately-owned prices. the forefront of those deeply concerned redwood timber land being operated on a This situation dramatizes clearly the para about the shrinking land base for growing sustained-yield basis. Two companies would dox of federal policies. commercial timber, it is not alone in ex be put out of business and two others would pressing the general concern for the patch be seriously crippled. EXPORTING JOBS TO JAPAN work practices now applied to fulfillment of The termination of private timber opera Just before Christmas, Presid-ent Johnson land needs for the public good. tions makes it obvious that neither tourism warned that if private industry failed to pro Its problem is not unique. nor recreation development can ever sub vide employment for all the unemployed, the The restrictive use of land, barring petro stantially replace the annual payrolls of $80,- federal government would do so. leum exploration and development, limiting 000,000; $18,000,000 spent for services and And yet we find in the Northwest that for mining and grazing, removing areas required . supplies each year, and the .more than '$6,- est industry Jobs a.re being exported to Japan for ~fflcient agricultural practices, and con- 000,000 in property taxes now paid every while federal timber policies are hurting . sequently restricting the economic and social year by the forest industry in Del Norte and small timber dependent communities and , return from resource-based activities of all Humboldt Counties alone. their people. March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7317 It should be apparent to the government next decade, will be expected to provide its posure of the problem at every possible op by now that it can't have both high employ appropriate share of employment opportu portunity; and conscious effort to enlist allies ment levels in timber dependent communi nities for new workers entering the national towards its solution. ties and unrestricted timber sales for foreign work force. We have concentrated a good deal of man manufacturing. Without land, without resource stability power and effort on developing a sound and The urgent need for a national land use and investment security, those Jobs will mutually productive relationship with the policy geared to the public interest in this never be created. Public Land Law Review Commission. instance is obvious. In this context, one might inquire, even We believe that the Commission and its The acquisition of land for recreation pur as an exercise in citizenship unrelated to work will make a major contribution to a poses promises to accelerate rather than special interest as a natural resource user, clarification of the problem and will develop diminish-in the absence of a positive na "What assurance does an industry have that material applicable to the resolution of not tional land use policy. its investment for processing raw material only the codification and simplification of "PAY FOR PLAY"?-NO! will be reasonably safe in terms of supply existing law but to the larger question of national public land use policy. All of us concerned with natural resources or continuous economic operations?" The answer, under present circumstances, We have seized every opportunity in public are sensitive to the implications of the Land forums, in testimony on related matters, and and Water Conservation Fund which received is "None," or at the best, "Little." Unquestionably the most significant area in publications and the press and Congres advance appropriation of $119 millions in its sional relations to expose our concern and first year on the speculation that revenues involves those discouragements to invest ment caused by raw material uncertainty. analysis of the problem related to lack of a from the Golden Eagle card for admission to realistic national land use policy in the pub public playgrounds would provide the reve SECURE RAW MATERIALS ESSENTIAL lic interest. nues necessary to replace them. The problems here arise from a lack of The record has shown that public response appreciation on the part of individuals, but A PUBLIC DIALOG IS NEEDED to "pay for play" on public lands has been especially on the part of government, that We are concerned with generating a public less than enthusiastic. a secure raw material position is essential dialogue on this compelling public issue. Consequently, a bill is now pending in the before a firm can be expected to make in We have undertaken and financed explora Senate which would provide for the earmark vestments. tory studies by highly competent authorities ing of revenues from sale of public resources, In the forest; products industry, depend to provide us with direction towards the such as timber, minerals, and offshore oil, for ing on company policy, many firms own or means which might persuade and instruct swelling the coffers of the Land and Water lease a substantial portion of their raw ma public officials and the public in the problem Conservation Fund. terial supply. and enlist their direct support in resolving It is anticipated that 85 per cent of the They do this to protect their plants the issue of a national public land policy. revenues derived will be spent in the East against brief shutdowns due to wood short The Board of Directors of the National and South-where the people are-to acquire ages caused by weather, labor, or other tem Forest Products Association retained Man further additions to the National Park Sys porary conditions; from extended shut agement & Economics Research Incorporated tem. downs due to a basic supply deficiency; and to complete a preliminary analysis of the im It is estimated that revenues assigned to from runaway prices for market logs and pact of public land-use policies on local econ the Land and Water Conservation Fund from pulpwood. omies in forest areas. the yield on federally-held resources could The percentage of raw material supply The NFPA also underwrote and cooperated amount to $500 million a year for the next controlled is highly dependent on how open in the completion of a Master's thesis study 10 years. the market is for wood. "Obstacles To The Recreational Use of Pri This means that the National Park Service If the supply side is characterized by nu vate Forest Lands" by Kenneth S. Fowler oi and its Bureau of Outdoor Recreation will be merous small sellers, the manufacturing the University of Michigan. in a position to spend more than one-half company is frequently willing to forego land It might be useful, in view of the heavy billion dollars in the next decade to acquire ownership and to compete with other firms public interest in recreational use of public private lands. for its raw materials. lands, to comment, for Just a moment on the SOME THINGS TO CONSIDER But if the timber market becomes less results of this second study. There is an additional overtone to the open because other landowners, including Just as it ls now difficult to justify gov recreation mania which is sweeping the federal and state governments, begin to lock ernment ownership for timber production nation and the demand for acquisition of up significant areas, the log buying fl.rm purposes, it is generally difficult to Justify it lands to guarantee the exercise of the public must begin protecting itself or go out of for recreation purposes. will to recreate. . business. PRIVATE LANDS AND RECREATION AN IMPORTANT POINT Lands provide the opportunity for invest A 1960 repon; revealed that of 58 million ment of private funds for the production of This leads to an important point. acres surveyed and owned by forest industry useful goods. If forest industry expansion is to be fos companies, at least 86 per cent was open to When such investment is made, with tered, it is not sufficient to merely have the public for camping, picnicking, hiking, prospect of an adequate return, jobs are an excess of timber growth over drain. hunting and fishing. created. It is equally necessary to have any excess available to industry buyers on a consistent If more recreational opportunities are de When jobs are created, communities are sired, why not promote wider use of other created and enjoy relative stability of pay basis. private lands? rolls, taxes, and social organization. Excess timber, assuming it is of usable spe cies and quality, must either be available to Mr. Fowler concluded that important ob Remov~l of the basic ingredient, access to stacles to the opening up of private lands raw material resources, has a domino effect ownership or lease over a long period-per haps 30 to 50 or more years, or else it must were the owner's .fear of damage from van throughout such communities and ulti dalism and fire, and fear of liability. mately upon the entire economy. be available on a relatively open market. The question or raw material availab111ty He also discovered that private landowners When the resource ls not assured, the in frequently face cost-increasing building and vestmen.t ls not forthcoming; when the in ~s one of the most important problexns facing natural resource-dependent industry health restrictions which the fed,eral govern vestment is withdrawn or withheld, jobs are ment does not. reduced or are not realized; when jobs dis expansion today. Ironically, it arises from the policies, or I think you wm all agree that it is desir appear, people are obliged to disappear from able to provide landowners with an income communities; whole communities dry up and lack of policies of the organization which ex go away. presses a great interest in rural unemploy opportunity commensurate with their risk, ment, conservation and the supply of prod thus keeping private land in the tax base. WHAT HAPPENS TO PEOPLE ucts to consumers of the future: the federal The forest industry also has an interest in Where do the people go to? government. keeping as much land as possible in multiple They tend to go to the metropolitan cen The foregoing has largely been a catalog of use. ters where, presumably, job opportunities the unfortunate experiences of the forest I suggest to you that removing these abound. products industry and, in a larger sense, the obstacles to public recreational use of pri If the opportunities do not in fact exist entire resource-dependent enterprises of the vate land would yield long-term benefits in the cities, these people are obliged to con nation, as a result of no clear national pol in the attraction of forest industry invest- centrate in low-cost tenement areas, apply icy with respect to proper use of our land ment. for public welfare benefits, and add to the base. TELLING CONGRESS ABOUT IT heavy social burdens of the major cities. WHAT TO DO? Our concentration of effort to win under Thus, the lack of a. national land use The next obvious question is, "What can standing of the significance of the land use policy, dedicated to the sustaining of a vital be done about it? What can we do individ issue in influential places has been marked rural economy, is in fact contributing ma ually and collectively to correct the imbal by specific reference in successive opportu terially to the problems of the cities and ance of power which has been dominating nities to testify before Congressional com the decline of our rural population and its land-use decisions among our people and in mittees in a number of areas of interest. self-sufficiency. the executive and legislative branches?" We have adopted the point of view that a The harsh realities of this economic for The approach of the forest products indus national land use policy lies at the root of mula. is best revealed when one considers try has consisted of three principal steps: many of the problexns occurring in our in that the forest products industry, over the identification of the overall problem; ex- dustry, and we have rarely missed an op- 7318 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS: March ·21, 1968 portunity to relate a contemporary issue of soME COROLLARY BENEFITS to review the necessity for a national land specific nature to the underlying cause for But there would be other corollary bene- use policy study and to become willing ad the existence of that problem. fits to every industry which cannot be vocates of this essential cause. But espousal of a. cause, or identification ignored. · If this· undertaking 1s properly motivated of a problem, is never enough. They can be summarized quickly: and conducted, I believe, in all earnestness, These must be positive follow-through to. 1. Investors would be able to project plans that most of us in this room will live to see achieve maximum results. , . further into the future. a sound national land use policy adopted by POSITIVE STEPS BY INDUSTRY 2. Research a.nd product development the Congress for the national interest. Just last month the Economic Council of would be accelerated as a consequence of raw Thank you. the Forest Products Industry, which includes material stability. the chief executive officers of large, medium 3. l\{odernization of plant facilities could and small manufacturers throughout the in- be justified. dustry from coast-to-coast, adopted a reso- 4. Development of rural industries would Project Hope, Dr. Walsh Receive World lution enabling further positive steps. be enhanced. It offered "strong endorsement for an im- 5. Rural-urban investment and oppor- Peace Award mediate and continuing national economic tunity balance would be improved. 6. Community stab111ty and work force re- land use study to be funded by a 11 asso- liability and opportunity would be improved. HON. WILLIAM H. BATES elations interested in raw material prob- It 1s apparent to us that realization of a OF MASSACHUSETTS lems." t i national land use policy will require a good Rea.ding behind the language, h s means deal more concentrated effort and invest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that not only a.re the associations of our in- dustry unleashed to develop funding for such ment than we have yet undertaken. Thursday, March 21, 1968 a study, but we are, similarly, authorized to NEW IDEAS ARE NEEDED Mr. BATES. Mr. Speaker, for 8 years invite participation by other natural resource Moreover it will require innovative and now, Dr. William B. Walsh and Project industry groups to further this cause which even radical departures :from traditional Hope have been conducting a quiet and 1s of such paramount .importance to all of thinking among all elements of our society effective campaign further the cause us. concerned with land matters. to Having elaborated a. little on what our own There are some who see the Public Land of peace throughout the world. The white industry is doing to raise the issue and drive La.w Review Commission as the logical ve hospital ship SS Hope and the Project it home, it would be appropriate to inquire hicle for the implementation of a policy Hope shore stations have helped to build whether there has been any Federal reaction. based upon its comprehensive findings. knowledge, good health and good will The answer 1s "yes." others speculate as to the feasibillty of re- among millions of people on four conti WHAT GOVERNMENT IS DOING quiring total coordination among govern- nents. · There are allies in a variety of areas with- ment land acquisition agencies so that all Last week, Dr. Walsh and the project in the government and within the Congress acquisitions proposed are subxnltted jointly t to and concurrently enabling Congress to view he founded received the 1968 Lawrence who would willlngly lend their suppor the recommendations from the agencies as C. Kline World Peace Award in.recogni: furtherance of such a national purpose. a whole and apply value judgments as to The Public Land Law Review Comxnlssion tion of the "conspicuous contribution to study, as I pointed out, 1s a giant step to- relative merits. the advancement of the -cause of peace wards identifying- the range and variation of Proponents of this approach consider that and understanding among nations and the publics concerned. only under such a system can the present men." In .announcing the award, Mrs. The work of this Commission has been piecemeal authorizations be made part of a cohesive land use plan. Reba c. Kline, chairman of the Kline exemplary and deserves the -full support of Perhaps what they a.re trying to suggest Foundation, noted: every industry, group, or individual having is that every federal adxnlnistra.tion should Dr. Walsh and Project Hope have helped an interest in the land of America. indicate, early in its 4-year term, all of its to make the best in America. medical teach Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman anticipated land acquisitions so that the ing and practice available to impoverished has repeatedly demonstrated his co~rn Congress and the people can consider them people in developing nations. By enabling With the plight of those of us dependent as a whole, examine their relative merits, people to help themselves, by building upon upon the land. While his immediate interest- make their views clearly known, and then the foundation of human dignity, new has been directed towards redressing the in-· act on the basis of priority fulfillme:µt of the bridges of peace and understanding have creasing .imbalance between rural a.nd urban actual needs of the people. been established for generations to come. population fl.ow, he has enunciated a clear Others urge that land management agen understanding that economics lie a.t the root cies be obliged to apply cost-benefit ratio Mr. Speaker, I personally could not of the imbalance a.nd that economic correc- techniques to every acquisition proposal and be more pleased to see this well-deserved tions will lead to sociological corrections. thus enable the Congress to apply measuring recognition come to Dr. 13ill Walsh and Senator Karl Mundt of South Dakota has sticks to sl,ze, cost, and use and then esta.b Project Hope. I have followed Hope from introduced a. Senate Joint Resolution 64, a.nd lish priorities related to actual benefits for the Senate ha.s passed it, calling for the all the people. the beginning, and, as each year passes, establishment of a Commission on Bala.need They contend that cost benefit ratios ap my respect for the efficiency and effec Economic Development which would do much ply elsewhere in government budgeting and tiveness of this concept grows. An excel to further public and official understanding procurement a.nd they insist they can be ap lent account of the project is found in of the basic issues regarding rural-urban plied in land procurement and management the remarks of Dr. Millard E. Gladfelter, imbalance. as well. chancellor of Temple University, at the We have comxnltted ourselves to work for ANSWERS MUST BE FOUND presentation of the award. I commend it passage of this measure by the House, and There are no easy answers, most responsi while it is not my intention to lobby .here to the attention of my colleagues and in ble men and women will agree. for specific action, I enlist your assistance clude it at this point in the RECORD: That answers can be found, however, and in working actively to further· establishment PRESENTATION OF THE 1968 LAWRENCE C. .Kx.INE must be found-few will disagree. of the Comxnlssion. PEACE AWARD The opportunity to address this group to-· WORLD TO DR. WILLL\M B. It will provide one more tool for assembly WALSH BY MILLARD E. GLADFELTER, CHAN day was not, believe it or not, solicited by CELLOR, TEMPLE UNIVERSITY, PHILADELPHIA, of the facts necessary to make tbe case all of me or by my association. us so desperately need to have made. MARCH 12, 1968 It was, .I think, the consequence of grow BACK TO THE . BEGINNING ing industry concern with the problem On behalf of the Awa.rd Committee, l have This leads us back to the beginning: we which we have helped to identify this morn the honor to present the 1968 Lawrence C. now have no stated National Land Use Policy. ing. Kline World Peace Award to a man and his mission. This 1s the tenth anniversary of an I hope I have persuaded you that there is I welcome the opportunity to talk with idea. which through the imagination, dedica an urgent need, not only in our own respec_ you because I am persuaded that the lack tion, and persuasiveness o! a man became tive issues, but 1n the total public interest, o! a. national land use policy lies at the bot reality; of a project which because of the for such a. policy. tom . of many of the problems we share in soundness of its purpose and operation keeps There ls a precedent for such a policy in common and independently. convincing people of its meaning for peace the Employment Act of 1946, which estab All of you represent those who stand to on earth. The man is Dr. William B. Walsh lished public principles to be sought in the lose the most from continued lack of such and the mission is Project Hope. interest of the nation. a policy; you represent as well those who Only fifteen years after this native of This is precisely what is needed in con stand to gain the most from estab11shment Brobklyn graduated from the Medical School sideration of land matters at all levels of of such a policy. of Georgetown University did he commit h1s government. This, gentlemen, is one of the rare in full time and services to the development of The primary benefit to private industry of stances in life where you cannot lose by in a people-to-people program in health .im such a national policy would be that inves-. vesting your time, energy, money and talent provement through a project that bears his tors would know what to expect of .govern in a speculative undertaking. imprint and ls lauded for achievement even ment relative to uses of land. I solicit you and the Chamber as a whole beyond stated goals. When in 1958, President March: 21,- 1968- 'EXTENSIONS OF -REMARKS · 7319 Eisenhower asked him to co-ehalr the Com and the substantial cash grant that accom men in uniform who deeply appreciate your mission on Medicine and the Health Profes panies it. effort and courage-. Thank you for your time. · sions, he placed him in a. position which ma.de Sincerely, the undertaking possible,. Its 'Success enabled President Johnson to call upon him in 1965 · A Soldier'1 Experience in Vietnam to minister to the needs of those who are AN .AMERICAN SoLDIER'S VIEW OF without peace. now. SOU'J;H VIETNAM It is not the long list .of. awards and recog HON. WAYNE MORSE The following statements are based on con nitions that have come from colleges, Univer Oi' OlU!lGON versations between myself and South Viet sities, scholarly societies, municipalities at namese Nationals, former North Vietnamese home and abroad, and from many foreign IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Nationals, Viet Cong, and American soldiers. governments that give him distinction. Nei Thursday, March 21, 1968 These statements represent the view of one ther is a citation of the volumes he has writ man during his one year tour of duty in Thu ten and the important Board memberships Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, a letter Due District, which ls part of the Capital he holds the essential for his citation. He is from a soldier who is also a constituent Military District surrounding Saigon, Repub distinguished because his sacrifices of a pri of mine reporting on his experiences in lic of Vietnam (RVN). vate professional life to one of service to Vietnam has impressed me very much. 1. Ho Chi Minh is still the most popular those in need of medical care in underdevel Because he is still a member of the Army, individual in both Vietnams. Those who fight oped countries has made him one of the most I do not feel that I can disclose his name, against him respect him above all other impressive agents for peace and understand leaders in Vietnam. Some feel that he has ing of our time. He carries no flag, no con but in order that his conclusions and betrayed Vietnam because of his reliance on traband, and no will to gain. He recognizes observations may be read generally, I Communist China for logistical support. The HOPE as the common ingredient throughout ask unanimous consent that his letter majority of South Vietnamese officialdom the world, and sets as his purpose the mak and his memorandum entitled "An dislike Ho because they are more French than ing of a self sufficiency in others. Without American Soldier's View of South Viet Vietnamese by virtue of birth, education, that, he says, there isn't any hope. With him and training. Others dislike Ho because they goes only faith, and hope, and charity. With nam" be printed in the Extensions of Re are reaping enormous profits from the these he seeks to aid the troubled and heal marks. presence of the Americans. the sick. Through them he has bec.ome, as There being no objection, the items The recent elections of September 1967 was sa.id of Mr. Lincoln, a citizen who belongs were ordered to be printed 1n the REcoRD, were a mockery of democratic principles. to the whole world. One knowledegable Vietnamese told me that Now what of his mission, the Project Hope. as follows: EUGENE, OREG., the only reason he intended to vote -for Ky We in Philadelphia should in a particular was: "He ls, after all, the strongest man in way feel a share of it. Philadelphia is the February 14, 1968. Hon. WAYNE MORSE, all South Vietnam. Other than that I can't designated home port for the :floating hos stand him because he ls arrogant, corrupt pital, which was constructed in Chester in Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C. and isn't even South Vietnamese by birth." 1944 as a Navy hospital ship. Commissioned This man even neglected to say that Ky was the USS Consolation, it was on active duty DEAR SENATOR MORSE: During the Fall of 1965 you made a major foreign policy speech running as second man on the national bal during the latter part of World War II and lot. A Vietnamese peasant told me that he during the Korean confiict. on the University of Oregon campus. I con sider that speech one of your fl.nest and 1t was going to vote because "it is difficult to The 15,000-ton vessel got a new life in get out o! it" and that he was going to -vote 1958, after having been placed in the Navy made a lasting impression on me. In that speech you stated that it would be national for Ky because "that is the only name I reserve "mothball" fleet. It was taken out of recognize". mothballs, re-christened and put into serv suicide to become involved in a land war in Asia. One sentence of your speech in par 2. It ls a common axiom among American ice in a "people-to-people medical education Gis that if you lined up three South· Viet program." lt left on its maiden voyage-to ticular has haunted me: "We shall be forced to send millions of American boys to the namese and shot one you would have a three Indonesia and South Vietnam-from San to one chance of killing a Viet Cong. In Thu Francisco in September, 1960. Asian continent and tens of thousands of American boys will return in boxes." Due District at least one out of every three W.hat did it accomplish? Few could have Sadly enough your prophecy has come to Vietnamese has some relative fighting in some expected that in five voyages, the staff of the pass and the bodies are pillng up on the capacity with the VC. In order for the United project's world-traveling, 235-bed hospital docks of Da. Nang and the runways of Bien States to have "total mllltary victory" we ship, S.S. Hope, would train 3,300 physicians Hoa.. You and a growing number of your col would have to annihilate one third of and paramedical people, treat about 100,000 leagues have had the courage to suggest eighteen million people. _ patients, perform 8,300 major operations, that our present pollcy in South Vietnam 3. It is a commonly expressed belief among · give immunizations, examinations, and other ttlight be wrong; it took almost six months · American personnel in Vietnam that if they services to more than a million persons, and of my tour of duty in the Republic of Viet were teamed up with the Viet Cong they distribute some two million cartons of milk. nam to come to that conclusion. Your 1965 could win the war in one month. It was the Many people believe that no other single speech has haunted me through two years consensus of almost every .tµnerican I talked effort has succeeded as well as Project HOPE of mmtary service; a year of which has been with that the organization with the greatest · in making friends around the world for the spent in South Vietnam. I think your speech . drive, intelligence, popular support and ex U.S. and the American .medical profession. more than anything else has compelled me to p-ert leadership in South Vietnam was the The project's development can be illus finally write to you. National Liberation Front (NLF) . My expe trated by the growth of Hope's medical staff. This letter and the enclosure are a kind rience in South Vietnam showed me that On the initial Indonesian voyage, there were o! purge of my conscience and I am sending most of the important government, indus 14 physicians supported by 24 nurses and them to you as my only means of lending trial and military jobs are held by Chinese eight other staffers. In Cartagena, the staff you my moral support. All of the state (industrial) and former North Vietnamese totaled 142, and it would be 160 if the ship ments you have made in respect to the war (government and military). could house that number. As it ls, ten in Vietnam are totally correct. The enclosure 4. Corruption has been a way of life in "Hopies" live ashore, where about one third is a. digest of some of the many things I ob Vietnam for one hundred years. The art of of the project's work is done. served and experienced during my tour of grafting was practiced under the French What does it leave behind? Hope's doc duty. It is submitted to you as the view and now flourishes with the temptation of tors and nurses do more than hold classes point of one American soldier who went to enormous wealth presented by the Ameri and treat teaching cases aboard ship. They Vietnam to do his duty and returned shocked, cans. The corruption is so costly and wide also teach in the local medical schools and disillusioned and disgusted. Inclosed also is spread that knowledgeable Vietnamese not hospitals, and the project's public health a resume, created for job hunting after my engaged in it are nauseated. Corruption is workers go out into the slums. They are not release from active duty, which will establish so costly to the American taxpayer that all just doing good works. They are out to show my background and, I hope, lend some cre American officials in Vietnam are instructed people how to fill needs which they them dence to my observations. to officially ignore its existence. selves have defined. I am still a member of the Army and could A large percentage of supplies designated It is in recognition of the confidence you face overt or subtle reprisals for anything I for use by American troops eventually ends and those joined with you have built in the may have stated that is contrary to the of up in the market place as a "black market" minds of millions of people around the world ficial military policy. Never-the-less I am a item. For example, I could not get issued that peace comes from one man serving an- citizen soldier and horrified that my country a poncho liner (ideal blanket for sleeping . other, restoring hope in the disenchanted, c_an so blindly follow such a disastrous course in the Vietnam climate) but could purchase and teaching the deprived to rely upon their of action which will ultimately lead to na one for 800 plasters in the market place. own efforts to become self sufficient that I tional disaster. I understand that you have Thievery from the individual American now present to you, Dr. William B. Walsh, enormous demands upon your time but I GI is conducted on such a wide scale that this symbolic Steuben Class 1968 Lawrence hope that this letter will acknowledge the the GI finds it diffi.cult 1f not impossible to C. Kline World Peace Award for your mission fa.ct that there are a growing number of justify fighting side by side with the ARVN 7320 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1968 (Army Republic of Vietnam). It is virtually District Headquarters through Vietnamese against the district officials. This was not impossible for an American soldier to build channels. The war material is transferred done for the purpose of exposing their graft and maintain rapport and trust with coun from American to Vietnamese channels at but rather to obtain a lever with which to terparts who have Just robbed him of his the District level. secure their fullest "cooperation" with Amer personal possessions. One Vietnamese's an Now a program has been undertaken by ican programs. swer to me when I asked the reason why a the United States military command to arm 8. During the latter part of my tour I personal item of mine had been stolen: "But Vietnamese soldiers, beginning with their talked frequently with a captured Viet Cong why should you care? You have so much!" Marines and Rangers, with the deadliest of political cadreman. It is too bad that this Unfortunately this idea underlines all levels all small arms-the M-16 rifle. At the time individual could not be made available to of official dealings between American and of my return to the United States a few of the members of Congress, and even to the Vietnamese officials. Apparently some of our these weapons were turning up on the bodies President, for examination. Such action own leaders believe this too because nothing of dead VC. So anxious were we to please our might clear the air and allow policy makers has ever really been done to counteract the allies and not lose their cooperation that the chance to confirm or deny their beliefs Vietnamese attitude. entire South Vietnamese units and a few VC or superstitions. Vietnamese greed is turned upon their own were using the M-16 before every American He emphatically denied that Ho Chi Minh too. Many times since I have returned home soldier in Vietnam had one. was more than logistically linked to Mao I have heard the question: "Why isn't ARVN Never before had I seen our military and that he intended to turn Vietnam over doing its share?" There are many answers oriented foreign policy in action before ar to Mao after the war. He denied that Ho's but here is one from the individual ARVNs riving in RVN. If Vietnam is a typical ex objectives were a product of "Mao Think". point of view. Each ARVN is authorized, just ample, we could not possibly have one true He stated that Ho disagreed with Mao's hand as American soldiers are, a GI life insurance. friend in the world. It is sad but true that book on guerrilla warfare and had re-written The money, approximately $1000, is paid to the Vietnamese consider America a Joke and it to conform with his own experience and his widow or surviving family. In most cases quite inadequately conceal their laughter. objectives. The prisoner stated that the ma the family's only source of income is the Our aid programs to the country are a good jority of the NLF cadre were "regroupees" like ARVNs pitiful monthly salary of 1,500 pias example. More often than not we build a himself who, after the defeat of the French ters to 3,500 piasters or $14 to $34 a month. bridge or school house while the Vietnamese and the failure of the Geneva Convention, ,If the ARVN is killed, his widow, in order to watch. We do not see to it that they build had traveled to North Vi'etnam for political "speed up" her receipt of the insurance, the bridge or school house themselves and indoctrination and guerrilla warfare train must pay out to various officials nearly two as a result the Vietnamese have very little ing. He claimed that the NLF was a South thirds of the amount. Knowing this the pride or interest in the finished product. So, Vietnamese organization but was closely ARVN is even more unwilling tb:an he nor when the VC blow up the bridge or school linked with Hanoi for logistical and moral mally ls to fight for this kind of system. house the typical Vietnamese reaction is: support. He stated that the NLF's objectives On a regular basis American and Viet "So what, the Americans will be here to and that of Ho were identical in that they namese teams enter a hamlet on a MEDCAP morrow and build us a new one." This "Let both wanted the repulsion of foreign troops (Medical and Civilian Aid Program) to treat the Americans do it" attitude ls the key and the reunification of Vietnam. the ill and to distribute food. In my district reason why so many of the Vietnamese mlli Wh~n we first talked this man equated this was a very popular program but not tary and civilian populations show little the American presence in Vietnam with that nearly adequate. The hamlet and village interest in the war. of the French. This ls the NLF propaganda chief have devised a very crude but efficient Our policies in South Vietnam have not teaching which ls accepted and believed by method of turning a profit from our gener and are not generating much enthusiasm the Viet Cong. It is a propaganda line which osity. When the Americans arrive with their for our cause among the Vietnamese people. our own propaganda has ineffectively coun truck overflowing with Louisiana rice and The ARVN and Vietnamese civillan agencies tered. This man was a dedicated communist soybean cooking oil the villagers gather still work an eight to five hour day with a and I am sure will never change his political around. If the Americans are not famlliar two hour siesta. from twelve until two in convictions. Never-the-less, he believed that with the area the chief has his Popular cluded. About a year ago, under American after the war it would be possible for Viet Forces (PF) troops dressed in civilian cloth pressure, the Vietnamese appeased us by nam to resume trade with other Asian ing receive the food and store it in his ware cutting out one hour of their siesta time nations and he even hoped that Vietnam house. If he does not choose the first method making it the present two hours instead of could trade with the United States. He was he will allow the villagers to receive the three. Occasionally the Vietnamese will disillusioned with the war partly because of food and after the Americans have left, grudgingly work Saturday mornings. the overwhelming milltary superiority of the beaming with satisfaction, he goes to each The VO chose the Tet holidays for their United States and partly because of the NLF's family and gathers up either one half or all recent offensive because that is the time propaganda failure to depict the whole truth. of the rations. The chief may elect either to that ARVN officially reduces to half strength He was particularly upset with the enormous sell the food back to the villagers or he may to allow people to spend their holidays at suffering by Vietnamese of both sides. This ship it all to Saigon for sale in the market. home. In actual fact all Vietnamese units captive still maintained, however, that Ho This is the primary reason why one can see are considerably below 60 % strength during Chi Minh and the NLF would ultimately de in almost every stall in every market place in this period. feat the United States in the same manner Saigon and neighboring towns the "Hands The recent VO offensive counted heavily that they defeated the French. Across the Sea" label on over half of the on the Vietnamese attitude of "let the The important point that surprised me merchandise. Americans worry about it." was that this man was not a Chinese oriented 6. The most reliable RVN soldier is the Another example of our military aid pro communist but rather a Vietnamese Nation Popular Forces trooper. This 1s surprising in gram in action can be found in the conduct alist. Like most of the activists in the NLF light of the fact that they are the poorest of the District Officials of Thu Due District. and in North Vietnam he abhorred the pos paid, led, trained, equipped and disciplined Like so many examples of corruption in RVN sibility of Communist China entering the of all forces in South Vietnam. The reason it is taboo information and our officials are war. In a statement which is representative for his reliability is basic. He, like 95 % of instructed to ignore their counterparts be of Vietnamese history this man told me: South Vietnam's population, lives in a ham havior. A district chief is allotted a specific "If the Chinese hordes come to our aid, after l~t oriented, family centered society and the budget, from American tax dollars, for the it was all over we would have to drive out defense of his immediate surroundings is defense of his district. The district chief's the Chinese." within his understanding. He will fight only military arm is the PF. He is given defense 9. Ho Chi Minh will never quit his effort 1f directly attacked by the VC. The PF will not money based, in part, on the number of PF to destroy what he considers a non-represent conduct operations out of sight of their ham under his command. Since there are never ative government in the south, nor will he let and do not commit fratricide if they can enough PF to do the Job he is authorized· to quit in his attempts to unify Vietnam. Hos avoid it. If at all possible the PF will estab fill up the ranks from convicted draft dodgers tillties could be stopped tomorrow by nego lish a working agreement with the local VC arrested in his district. During my year in tiating with the NLF. But never, in twenty force. They will not harass the VC and allow Thu Due an average of three or four draft American generations of "advisors", will Ho them free access to the hamlets if, in turn, dodgers were captured each day. Occasionally Chi Minh accept partition. The whole of the VC do not harass the PF and the PF's a few are placed on the PF duty roster for Vietnamese history is war centered. War is hamlets. I soon discovered in Thu Due Dis actual duty at a PF post. The majority are the motivating force of Vietnamese culture. trict that to learn where the PF patrolled released to return to their hamlets. Their This force can be found everywhere in their was an almost certain indication of where names are placed on the district duty roster society: literature, songs, relations between the VC were not. and the district officials pocket the money each other. Every war with the exception of We learned from Prisoners of War and drawn for the PF's salary, quarters, and ra one has been waged for purposes of libera Chieu Hoi (returnees) that the VC had dif tions. If he were questioned, the district tion. They are psychologically equipped to ficulty obtaining ammunition for Chi-Com chief could always produce the "PF" saying continue their effort for generations. We are (Chinese Communist) weapons but that he is home on leave. The "PF" will keep not so equipped nor, I hope, want to be. there was no limit to the amount of Ameri quiet because he owes the district chief his 10. In 1954 we might have allowed Vietnam can ammunition they needed. After investi silence in return for his freedom. to unify and then guaranteed their neutral gation we discovered three PF posts in the 7. One American agency which owns and ity by agreement in the United Nations or district were selling 30 calibre M-1 Garand operates several cover organizations in RVN with Russia. In 1954 this may have preserved ammunition and hand grenades to local VC recently launched a program in Thu Due Dis a so-called balance of power. Now, there is no units. All of these supplies are provided from trict to collect incriminating evidence need to maintain the same kind of balance · March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS 732l of power. Any claim that Vietnam ls an Vietnamese authorities. I do not think that munist Polish regime is determined to important piece of real estate just adds to this ls a "simple" 13olution because the ram complete the pogrom. the Administration's "believability gap." ifications of such action would undoubtedly In the past few days, the situation Chinese in Peking are just as dead as Amer cause great anxiety among our protectorates icans in New York whether the missile is around the world. I also believe that the has been clearly cataloged by Bertram launched from Saigon and Cuba or Denver truely simple solution is the one which we H. Gold, executive director of the Amer andHankow. are now following. In this period of world ican Jewish Committee. I commend to We have the psychological and propaganda history war, except for the defense of our my colleagues the statement · made by expertise to create a climate for war; we shores, ls the easy way out. In Vietnam we Mr. Gold on March 13. should be able to prepare our people for cannot maintain the status quo nor obtain I am aware of recent statements at peace. The President's intoning of "Honor our military objectives unless we are willing tributed Mr. Gomulko of Poland able Peace", "We must not dishonor the to add another 500,000 soldiers to secure to memory of those American boys who have Vietnam and chase revolutionaries into Cam which would seem to indicate a change died", "H you knew what we knew", and "I bodia, Laos and Thailand. The longer we per in official Polish attitudes toward the request just one of my critics to present Just !Sist in Vietnam the more certain ls the con Jewish people is underway. Until, how one workable solution to the war" are fright frontation with Communist China. When ever, there are assurances forth.coming ening phrases from a civilian head of state. we take on Communist China then we are beyond mere words, an· that Bertram Those phrases coupled with the persecution upsetting the "balance of power"; when that Gold has asserted must stand. of the dissenters ring of Mein Kampf not happens there will be no more problems to the Constitution. worry about. Mr. Gold's statement follows: 11. What could be more honorable for the If we leave now we will give Saigon the op As the world celebrates the International United States than a great nation admitting portunity to totally mobilize its country Year for Human Rights, grave violations of to an error in judgment? If we did such a and the opportunity to show the world that human rights appear to be taking place in thing could world opinion of us get much they are truely representative ar.d have the Poland. According to accounts received from lower; besides, have we ever really paid at support of the population. Based on my own Warsaw, the Polish government has u~ tention to world opinion before? What can observations, if we left Vietnam as I sug leashed a new campaign of repression. Jews be more dishonorable than to heap more gest, I believe that the South Vietnamese have been made the targets for the recent American bodies on the funeral bier of Viet military would either disband or Join with wave of protests against the rigid control of nam for a cause the Administration cannot the NLF. The present Saigon government cultural affairs by the ruling United Work define, calls "inevitable" and which the Ols would certainly disappear. By continuing our ers' (Communist) Party. At the same time, call "Lyndon's War"? present course we are only prolonging the Polish authorities have seized the opportu Shortly after I left Thu Due District (15 embarrassment that will come when we nity to accuse non-Communist Catholic offi September 1967), a friend wrote to me that eventually do reduce our forces and turn cials and liberal intellectuals of being "en the intelligence unit which I had worked for South Vietnam over to the South Vietnam emies of people's Poland." had been deactivated. The American tax dol ese. I hope we do not intend to stay that While the protests began in Warsaw, they lar and effort I had spent there for one year long; I do not want my children or even my have reportedly spread to the Universities of was wasted. In addition, the infantry bat grandchildren serving as advisors in Vietnam. Cracow and Lublin, where students demon talion which had been stationed in Thu Doc Summary: I went to South Vietnam totally strated against police repression of the War District for one year had been withdrawn. confused and returned one year later par saw street riots. Rather than recognize the The night after their withdrawal the VC, for tially confused. I learned that Vietnam is an immediate cause of the outbursts-the clos the first time in one year, attacked the impossible complexity of intrigue and rival ing of a classic Polish play widely interpreted District Headquarters with small arms and ries between various ideologies, religions, na a.s anti-Russian-Polish authorities have hand grenades to prove to the local Viet tlonalltles, languages and economic classes. sought to find scapegoats. It ls to be regretted namese that they were still around. Now the I learned too that left to themselves Viet that Poland's 25,000 Jews, the pitiful rem VC are attacking in the streets of Saigon to namese, North and South, would have enough nant of nearly 3¥:i million Jews destroyed or prove a political and military point. The problems to keep them occupied for several dispersed as a result of the Nazi holocaust, VC did not believe that they could seize and generations. I learned eventually to recog have been so designated. hold Saigon but launched their offensive for nize a particular group within the political Ironically, Polish Jewry represents a com other reasons both political and military. maze called Vietnam but never to under munity that contains a high percentage of Perhaps the more important of the two is stand that particular group as part of an in elderly persons, as well as those who chose to political. The VC proved their point which is tegrated whole. The outsider who pretends remain after World War Il in order to par simply that they have all the time in the he understands all of the problems of Viet ticipate in the political, cultural, and eco world with which to wage their war. Those nam and all of the solutions is being, to say nomic reconstruction of the country. American leaders who decided that Thu Due the least, untruthful. I don't think that An intensified anti-Jewish campaign, which District was pacified because the VC no there ls any one American who can honestly appears to be generating a program atmos longer came out in the open to fight guessed say he understands all there is about phere among Polish Jews, was· heralded by wrong. They also guessed that Vietnamese America. Slowo Powszechne, the newspaper of Pax, the units charged with the defense of Saigon I learned too that Vietnam is not a place pro-Communist Catholic lay movement. The would be interested enough to protect it. for the non-oriental to attempt to govern. Communist official who heads the movement, Our leadership in Vietnam will continue .to I learned that Asians are quite capable of Boleslaw Piasecki was the chief of the pre guess wrong on political matters until they carrying their own burden and ordering their World War II "Falanga," a semi-legal, con officially face the truth of what they are own complexities. We can assist their emer spiritorial, and pro-fascist nationalist move fighting against. The United States is fighting gence into the twentieth century through ment. Piasecki found it simple to switch a determined and lasting adversary protected limited economic aid and guidance should allegiances after the war, and with state help by a population that is at best indifferent. they ask for it. I don't think we can ever he built up the Pax movement into an or How long will it take to overcome this in successfully involve ourselves internally with ganization with considerable influence. difference? Five years, ten years, twenty their growing pains. Two years ago, the American Jewish Com years! Someday the United States will go mittee pointed out that anti-Semitism was home and that is what the Viet Cong is on the rise within the Communist Party, planning on and the Vietnamese population with one wing of "partisans" or nationalists realizes. using anti-Semitism to enhance its position. More important, I think, than tax dollars Oppression of Polish Jews Continues In a country where the economy is faltering lost and frustrations gained in Thu Due Dis and life is still harsh, the Jewish minority trict during 1966-1967 was the frightful loss was a convenient target. Latent, but virulent, of American lives. More than 100 Americans HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN anti-Semitism was also exacerbated by an died "pacifying" an area the size of Mult OJI' NEW YORK internal party struggle to eliminate the in nomah County. ·How can the President Justify IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fluence of "intellectuals" and elevate "work that? ers" to leadership. 12. Since I listened to your speech in 1965 Thursday, March 21, 1968 The hard-line, pro-Stalinist clique has I have given more than average thought and pressed for harsher measures against "rest study to Vietnam, and in addition, I have Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, this year less intellectuals," blaming them as well for spent one full year there. A few of my Viet of 1968 is the International Year for many of Poland's economic ills. Until re namese friends might possibly die if my Human Rights. It is ironical that Poland cently, this campaign produced official har "solution" to Vietnam were utilized. For that should inark the occasion by :flagrantly assment of writers and journalists but re I am sorry. renewing a campaign of repression and stricted anti-Jewish sentiment to party I believe that there Ls only one course oppression against the handful of Jews circles. of action open to us in Vietnam. We must that still remain alive in that misguided In the wake of the June, 1967, Six Day War cease the bombing of North Vietnam and ln the Middle East, party chief Wladyslaw begin an orderly province by province with country. Oomulka, taking his lead from an anti drawal o.! all American personnel from the Where once 3% million Jewish people Jewish propaganda offenstve launched in the Republic of Vietnam. As we withdraw from lived before Nazi barbarism raised its Soviet Union, threatened Polish Jews and in each province the military hardware that we monstrous head, now only 25,000 re tellectuals with reprlsa.ls if they showed any leave behind should be turned over to South main. And it would seem that the Com- signs of support for Israel. This marked a. 7322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1968 reversal of liberal pro-Jewish policies of the decline as recent trends indicate they Germany,_.Italy, Britain and the other U.S . . last decade. It was also taken as a sign that might. financial allies presumably went along with the hard line, anti-Semitic party faction, led the new system on the basis of Washington by the Minister for Internal Affairs, Mieczys I welcome the action of the Secretary, promii;;es of responsible ·fiscal and monetary law Moczar, had gained the upper hand over and I commend the President for his moves. If the U.S. goes back on these prom the moderate wing. This led to the dismissal, understanding and his willingness to help ises now, such cooperation will be much a few months ago, of some Jews from govern the dairy farmer at this time. more difficult to arrange on terms agreeable ment service. It also caused the suspension to the U.S. of relief activities among old and indigent Like the U.S., other Western nations are Jews, by the Joint Distribution Committee, eager for a workable world currency arrange and the closing of ORT training centers that A Time of Decision ment. If the U.S. continues to permit the had been open to all Polish citizens. dollar to weaken, though, other countries The official reactions to the current wave will be thinking harder of some sort of set of protests apparently has brought latent HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK up geared less tightly to the dollar-and led and traditional anti-Semitism to the sur OF TENNESSEE less firmly by the U.S. General de Gaulle, face, and accelerated the dismissal of Jews IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in fact, just might win converts to his idea from academic and leadership circles. Jewish of a return to a true gold standard with the institutions, which had been permitted to Thursday, March 21, 1968 metal priced at $70 an ounce. develop, have been virtually accused of trea Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, I wish to The loss of U.S. prestige would hardly be sonous acts as "instigators" of the riots, or call my colleagues' attention to an edi limited to matters monetary. A nation whose of being "Zionist." Of ominous import is torial in the March 19 Wall Street Jour promises prove ephemeral may not be re the condemnation by a leading newspaper, garded as much of a political leader either. Kurier Polski, of the students and youth, nal. Here is yet another expression of In the process Western political unity, al Babel Club within the Communist-endorsed concern for the stability of our economy ready shaken by Vietnam and other issues, Cultural and Social Union of Polish Jews. and yet another call for responsible ac could suffer serious damage. The club and Polish Jews have been made tion to avoid economic disaster. The way to avoid this development is clear. to bear the sole responsibility for demon Consequential cuts in Federal spend The Federal Reserve System made a small strations that reportedly attracted tens of ing according to the Journal, won't be start in the right direction with last week's thousands of students and adults in War simple in an election year-for either the boost in its discount rate. Even more hopeful saw alone. are indications that the System is turning We a.re painfully reminded, in this in administration or Congress. But, respon somewhat less liberal in supplying the banks stance, of the anti-Semitic Stalinist purges sibility, not simplicity, must be the with funds. that swept Eastern Europe in the 1950s, standard. Over the weekend, too, President Johnson when Jews were euphemistically labelled as Under unanimous consent I include showed a new willingness at least to talk of "bourgeois cosmopolltans." Today, Polish the Journal editorial in the RECORD and consequential cuts in Federal spending. It Jews are denounced as "Zionists,'' implying also include with it a listing of specific won't be simple for either the Administra that they a.re disloyal. budget cuts totaling more than $6.5 bil tion or Congress to slice away at the mam We shudder to think that a shift a.way lion. Here is a call and a blueprint for moth budget in an election year, since every from liberalism, with a concomitant attack nonessential spending item is, in the eyes of on Polish Jews, is in the making. Any sign responsible congressional action. some voting co:pstituents, obviously essential. of a. return to pre-war Polish anti-Semitism, Both are deserving of the most serious Make no mistake about it, however: Any as intimated by the free hand given to consideration. other course threatens economic and politi known anti-Semites like Piesecki and Moc The above-mentioned material follows: cal disaster for the U.S. and its free-world za.r, must be eradicated. If not, anti-Jewish REVIEW AND OUTLOOK: A TIME OF DECISION allies. In the circumstances even politicians manifestations in Poland, including economic should be able to see what is truly essential. reprisals against fathers whose sons were In the next few weeks the Government allegedly involved in student unrest, can will decide the role the U.S. will play in the only be interpreted as a sign that those Jews world for years to come. The decision wo,n't Immediate budget deferrals who survived the Nazi persecutions will be easy but it cannot be avoided. 60-percent reduction of mili- find themselves once again the victims of The crucial question is whether or not the tary personnel in Europe __ $2, 080, 000, 000 new Nazi-like outrages. This is an issue Government can summon the political cour Supersonic transport ( except that must engage all men of good will, age to take the fiscal and monetary steps R. & D.) ------ 222,000,000 regardless of the social or political system needed to assure the long-run stability of the Defense-supported arms sales in which they live. dolla.r. Meetings of the central bankers in abroad------200,000,000 Washington on Saturday and Sunday gave Civ111an space program ______400,000,000 the U.S. time to act--not much time, but Highway beautification____ _ 85,000,000 more than there appeared to be when world Longworth House Office Increased Price Supports for Milk gold markets turned chaotic last week. Building renovation ______6,058,000 A crisis like this one may also have finally Madison Library______2,500,000 persuaded the Administration that it can't Government Printing Office HON. WALTER F. MONDALE look after the dollar as a sort of incidental, Building (site acquisition sideline activity. For too long that has seemed and design)------ 2,500,000 OF MINNESOTA to be the prevailing attitude in Washington. USDA-$10,000 maximum IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES To some extent the attitude was under subsidy limit per farm ___ _ 410,000,000 Thursday, March 21, 1968 standable. In the early postwar years the dol Freeze on moderate- to high lar was not merely strong; it was the only income apartment Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, the ac strong major currency. The nation held so programs------400,000,000 tion announced yesterday by Secretary much gold that many economists worried Foreign aid ______.700, 000, 000 of Agriculture Orville L. Freeman to es that the huge hoard would prevent reestab Forest roads construction lishment of a viable world monetary system. (50 percent new) ______45,790,000 tablish price supports for milk at 90 per It was easy, in those years, to take it for cent of parity is a clear evidence that Arts and Humanities granted that the dollar was unassailable and Foundation ------ 9,800,000 President Johnson recognizes the prob would remain so. There was a tendency, more Public buildings (site acqui lems of the dairy farmer. This will mean over, to regard foreign tra.nsactions as rather sition and planning)---- 5,497,000 an increase in overall dairy income in insignificant in relation to the U.S. economy. Public Information ------ 100,000,000 1968 of about $300 million, or 6 percent Exports, after all, account for only about 5% Post office buildings ( 50 per- higher than 1967. of the Gross National Product, a far smaller cent unobligated NOA) __ _ 26, 121,000 No area of the farm economy today percentage then prevails in most of Europe. Freeze on Government civil receives a lower return than dairying Thus fiscal and monet,a.ry policy have been ian employment at 97 set largely with the domestic economy in percent ------ 961,000,000 for the long hours and the specialized mind. In the past couple of years it has National Science Foundation 250,000,000 skills required to assure the consumer become plain that inflation isn't any Forest highways (50 percent with an adequate supply of milk and healthier at home than abroad, but t]:le policy new construction)------15,000,000 dairy products. has yet to be substantially rearranged. Earth description and map- The action to improve the prices dairy If it is not reordered now, the "two-tier" ping (50 percent NOA) ___ _ 6,750,000 farmers receive will go far to restore gold market devised over the weekend won't President's contingency re the confidence of the dairyman in his stave off an even more drastic crisis. Policing serve (1968 level)------ 400,000,000 the new setup, to keep gold from seeping from Public works (20 percent own future; and in doing this, the Presi official holdings into the free market, will be stretchout) ------ 200,000,000 dent has taken a necessary and vital step difficult at best. The longer the operation is Appalachia (1968 level)----- 86,900,000 to reassure the consumer that the sup continued, the more arduous the overseers' ply of milk and dairy products will not task will become. Total ------6,614,916,500 March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7323 For Kearney & Trecker the Australian show verse a 1923 Supreme Court Decision that Maintaining the Strength of the Dollar provided an opportunity to demonstrate one held taxpayers lack standing to challenge of their new products, a numerically-con federal sj)ending programs in court. The trolled machining center. specific program they are challenging is the HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI This highly sophisticated, technically ad Elementary and Secondary Education Act of OF WISCONSIN vanced product was able to compete with 1965 which permits U.S. funds to - go to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES distinguished success in this international church-related schools for teacher services Thursday, March 21, 1968 market. On the spot sales amounted to and textbooks. $150,000. Because parochial school children are in Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, one of Moreover, the company has estimated that cluded, the complainants want the law de the critical challenges facing the Nation in the 12 months following the Melbourne clared unconstitutional on the ground it today is the deficit in our international trade show, sales of more than a third of violates the First Amendment's ban on a million dollars will be recorded as a di establishment of religion by government. balance of payments. On January 1, Pres rect result of the Australian venture. But apart from the merits of the text ident Johnson announced a comprehen I am pleased to report that Kearney & book case, at issue now is their right to sive new program aimed at solving the Trecker officials have called the U.S.-spon bring such a challenge to court in the first balance-of-payments problem, thereby sored pavilion at Melbourne, a credit to our place. They are appealing a three-judge Fed maintaining the soundness of the dollar Nation. eral Court ruling that held individual tax in the international monetary system. Other West Allis-based companies also payers lack standing to sue the government One element of the President's new found it worthwhile to participate in these over specific spending programs because trade shows. Last year Briggs and Stratton their stake in the outcome is too small. program has to do with expanding Amer Corporation and Allis-Chalmers participated Solicitor General Irwin Griswold, arguing ican exports. In addition to helping with in the trade fair at Izmir, Turkey. against them the other day before the our balance-of-payments problem, in Both Allis-Chalmers and Harnischfeger Supreme Court, developed what appears to creased exports also mean new jobs and Corporation had exhibits in the 1967 Pacific be a contradictory variation on this theme. higher profits for the American economy. International Fair, held at Lima, Peru. The He claimed they do not deserve the right Yesterday, President Johnson urged latter firm also showed its products at the because they aren't directly hurt by the the Congress to take action in two areas Cutting and Welding Exhibition in Essen, law anC: because their complaints are gen to help expand the flow of American West Germany. · eral rather than specific. The government's overseas sales program The trouble with these arguments is that products to the marketplaces of · the has two facets. One involves six permanent they justify the violation of a principle on world. First, he requested that $500 mil trade centers located in cities such as Lon the grounds that the material stake and lion of the Export-Import Bank's existing don, Frankfort and Tokyo. About eight spe involvement of the litigants is only small. authority be allocated as a special fund cial shows are produced annually in each But principles are not measured out by to finance a broadened program to in center. quantity; it is the quality of the right that crease American exports. Second, he Sales directly resulting from these center matters. shows since 1961 are estimated at $145 mil The denial precludes any taxpayer chal urged prompt approval of a special $2.4 lion, with an additional $28 billion resulting million supplemental appropriation lenge of a host of government spending pro from between-show use of the U.S. facilities grams, not just the one brought by these which will enable the Commerce Depart by American private companies. seven litigants. ment to launch a 5-year program of in The Commerce Department also arranges We don't know how the Supreme Court tensified export promotion for American U.S. exhibits at approximately 20 interna will find in this matter, but the Congress goods and services. tional trade fairs a year. Since that program has an opportunity to correct this basic America is the greatest tr·ading nation began in 1963, direct sales are estimated at inequity. The House has before it a Senate $112 mill1on. approved bill introduced by Sen. Sam Ervin, in the world, with exports running about These statistics indicate once again the $30 billion per year. Millions of jobs D.-North Carolina, that provides the ability of our American industries to sell in means-within specific liinitations throughout the country are directly de international markets because of superior quality, know-how and technology. through which taxpayers may challenge the pendent upon American exports. Presi government when they believe that govern dent Johnson's proposals of yesterday ment is violating basic rights. Here is an will do a great deal to assure that this opportunity for Congress to tear down a country will continue to get its share of barrier to freedom that should never have the increasing world export market. I The Right To Sue been allowed to be erected. support the export proposals of the Presi dent and urge all Members to back up the President in this attack on our bal HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL ance-of-payments problem. OF NEW YORK Ralph S. Cox Presented Citation and To demonstrate just how effective the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Medal for Meritorious Service During Commerce Department trade promotion program has been, I wish t.o insert in the Thursday, March 21, 1968 1943 RECORD at this point a copy of my recent Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the column in the West Allis, Wis., Star. It Long Island Press, of March 18, 1968, HON. W. S. (BILL) STUCKEY was devoted to the use which had been contained a convincing editorial on ef made of Department-sponsored trade forts t.o allow judicial review of legisla OF GEORGIA centers and trade fairs by industries lo tion when citizens question the legisla IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cated in that community of some 70,000. tion's constitutionality. Thursday, March 21, 1968 The column points up the very real im As House sponsor of H.R. 1198, which Mr. STUCKEY. Mr. Speaker, on Octo pact which export-promotion programs would authorize such review for certain ber 3, 1946, a citation and medal for have on our Nation's economy. I com legislation under the requirements of meritorious service was prepared by the mend it t.o the attention of my col the establishment clause of the first War Shipping Administration for pres leagues: amendment, I agree with the edit.orial's entation to Ralph S. Cox. WEST ALLIS INDUSTRIES IN INTERNATIONAL view that Congress has an excellent op In October of 1943, the S.S. Edward P. EXHIBITS portunity now t.o remove the present Costigan was proceeding t.o Algiers t.o ef (By Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI) "barrier t.o freedom" by passing the bill f oot repairs necessitated by enemy air In an effort to foster U.S. exports, the De I introduced. attacks during the Italian invasion. partment of Commerce since 1961 has spon The editorial follows: While en route t.o an anchorage prepara sored trade centers and exhibits at trade THE RIGHT TO SUE fairs throughout the world. t.ory t.o joining the convoy, the exhaust West Allis-based industries, I am pleased When the electorate killed the revised New deck steam line carried away, trapping to say, have played an active part in this York State Constitution last November, it three members of the Navy Armed effort by participating in many such exhibi killed the right of taxpayers to bring suits Guard in a nearby room. against the state in challenges to spending tions. Ralph Cox discovered the break in the For example, last summer Kearney & programs. line and immediately notified the chief Trecker took part in the Fourth Interna· seven New York-Metropolitan Area tax tional Engineering Show at Melbourne, Aus payers have now carried a case for this engineer. He then returned to the scene tralia, under arrangements made by the Com principle to the United States Supreme where he learned that one seaman was merce Department. Court. The complainants a.re seeking to re- still trapped. He dashed through the live 7324 EXTENSIONS OF -REMXRKS March 21, 1968 steam and boiling water, and with the We believe above average rural farm young ize that dissent is loud · and gets attention, assistance of the second mate, brought ster.s .could expect an above average living but that gratitude is quiet and doesn't make the stricken man on deck. from a farm. in. spite of present economic the headlines. The citation reads: pressures. In addition, the best would be You hope they know that millions upon available to provide leadership agriculture millions of Americans are with them all the His courage and utter disregard of per needs for the future. There is a real need for way. sona,! danger in going to the aid of a ship a concentrated effort to palnt a better, more I hope and pray that boy knew it as he mate in peril will be a lasting inspiration ·to accurate picture of farm life. died for ·me in· Khe Sanh today. all seamen of the United States Merchant This has been a KCMO editorial. Copies Marine. are available on written request. If you have a different opinion, we invite your comments. This citation has never been presented Send them to Speak Up, KCMO Broadcast to Mr. Cox. At the time when the medal ing, Kansas City, Missouri. Otepka's Relentless Pursuit of Justice and citation were prepared, an attempt was made to make the -award, but Mr. Cox was at sea. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK This matter came to my attention To a Boy Who Won't Be Back OF OHIO recently, and I contacted the Maritime IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Administration, which has replaced the old War Shipping Administration and HON. TOM S. GETTYS Thursday, March 21, 1968 the "former Maritime Commission. They OF SOUTH CAROLINA Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, to bring checked their records and found the the. nationally publicized case of Otto F. citation and medal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 21, 1968 Otepka up to date, it will suffice to say Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, March 24, that the Civil Service Commission's de 1968, it will be a source of great pride Mr. GETTYS. Mr. Speaker, the follow cision ori his appeal is being awaited at for me to make the presentation of this ing editorial appearing in the March 15 the present time. Because of the volume award to Ralph S. Cox of Woodbine, Ga., edition of the Sumter, S.C., Daily Item, of publicity which has accompanied this which is a part of the Eighth Congres- edited and published by Mr. Hubert D. case, I feel that it is not necessary to sional District. · Osteen, Sr., carries a message which all comment on the basic factors involved. It is inspiring that this act of courage Americans should heed. However, the issue of the mutilation should be brought to light and that this The writer of the editorial understands of documents with which Otepka was most deserved award can be made after the need among us for loyal adherence to charged and which he emphatically de these 21 years. the patriotic principles of our founding nied is of prime importance because a fathers. I commend the editorial to all person or persons is possibly guilty of readers of the RECORD: violation of a Federal statute. As I have stated in the past, the State Population Migration To A BOY WHO WON'T BE BACK A boy died for me in Khe Sanh today. Department charged Otepka with the I didn't know him, and he didn't know me. violation but dropped the charges before HON. CHESTER L. MIZE But he died for me just the same. his hearing began. He specifically asked / I learned about it when the 6 o'clock news the Civil Service Commission to investi OF KA:NSAS cast showed him being carried off the battle gate these charges which the Commis IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES field by his buddies. sion refused to do . on the grounds that Wednesday, March 20, 1968 He was going home at last--but not the ~t could consider only the charges which way he had dreamed of going. Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, a recent edito I watched the newscast as I ate a good, were the subject of the State Department rial by George Stephens, farm director of hot meal in my safe, comfortable home. hearings .. In light of State's sordid record station KCMO, Kansas City, Mo., points The news was pretty much as usual. The of conduct in this case, and in view of up why the migration of people from the war in Vietnam ... college kids demonstrat the fact that sane culprits do not ordi farm community to the city is such a se ing against changes in the draft rules, narily continue to press for an investi screaming and mugging for the camera .•• gation of their offenses, it does not take rious problem today. Those of us who are more teachers out on strike. sponsors of the Rural Job Development a Sherlock Holmes to surmise who is -After dinner I tuned in to a program on guilty-State or Otepka. Act, designed to provide job opportunities which a comic wisecracked sourly about the for people who desire to remain in rural way the war was going-and probably got As far as Congress is concerned, both areas, recognize the seriousness of the more money for doing it than this boy in Democrats and Republicans have sought trend which has been developing over the Khe Sanh had been paid all the time he to obtain justice for Otepka over the past few years. We hope to keep our tal was in service. years. For them, this is not a politically ented young people, and all others who Then I went to bed, free from any fear partisan issue. It might well, however, that the house might be blown up by the become a political issue for those in the do· not want to crowd into the cities, enemy. The enemy is busy over in Vietnam. busy, happy, and healthy- in rural But I couldn't get this boy off my mind. executive branch if fair play for Otepka America. I wondered if he had been frightened. Of is not forthcoming before the November Under leave to extend my remarks, I ~ourse, he had. Who wouldn't be? elections. place this editorial in the RECORD as fur Had he hated this war as much as I hate it? In order to provide additional infor ther recognition of a problem which de Probably more. He was in it! · mation to the public from Otto btepka's mands the attention of all of us. The But, somehow, those boys in the thick of point of view, I insert his recent state it over there seem to understand more clearly ment before the Civil Service Commis 'editorial follows: than many of us just why they are there, POPULATION MIGRATION and the dreadful alternative if they weren't. sion in the RECORD at this point: Population migration is a serious problem How had he felt about th~e characters I am appearing here today accompanied by in Mid-America. Migration of rural residents .who are defying the government, calling our my counsel, but without witnesses or addi to cities is a development that is receiving a leaders murderers, tearing up draft cards tional evidence which I expected to have lot of attention at this time. Leaders are and pulling down the American flag? available to me. I have been denied the op concerned about the number of persons leav However he had felt, he had fought for portunity to question witnesses and offer ing farms or small towns and locating in large that flag until he was killed. such evidence on matters relating to Charges cities. It's too late now, of course, to try to thank 4 through 13, which have been withdrawn. One of the real dangers facing rural Amer this boy for what he did. But it's not too I must say that I am unable to understand ica ls in the quality rather than quantity of _late to thank his buddies for what they're the Department of State's and the Com migration from rural to urban communities. doing. mission's rulings denying me this opportu Increased mechanization and other economic But how do you thank someone for facing nity on their theory that evidence tending factors has caused a natural decrease in farm death for you? to destroy me, simply because it may also population, but the greatest concern should How do you reassure him that as long as relate to Charges 4 through 13, is irrelevant center around the fa,ct that the cream of the men like him are willing to die for freedom, to the issues In Charges 1, 2 and 3, the only crop from our rural youth is being lost to :freedom is worth dying for-even though it remaining charges against me. · cities: Business has done a better job of at ):>e abun,da_D:tly used and abused by the very Notwithstanding these-rulings, I assert my tracting top farm boys and girls than farm ones wh·o disdain to· fight for it? right' to make the following statement before communities in holding this brain power. So you hope that the boys over there real- this appellate body. In support of my claim, March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7325 I respectfully refer the Commission to its distribution of hundreds of pieces of corre F. Reilly, David Belisle, Elmer Hill and own practices under the provisions of the spondence to the. public and the Congress, Clarence Schneider all of whom were in Veterans Preference Act, enacted by the Con beginning in September 1963 and continuing volved in that episode, and (c) obtain from gress and signed by the President in 1944. until June 1967, when the charges were with the Department the reports of investigation I am not only an honorably discharged vet drawn, alleging that I was responsible for prepared by George W. French, Jr. and Wil eran of the Armed Forces during World War the mutilation although in fact the Depart son Flake concerning the tapping of my tele II who is entitled to the rights and privileges ment knew during this time that these phone. I contend that these documents and afforded by this Act, but I can speak of my charges could not be s1,1pported. information are relevant. own experience as an employee of the Civil 4. I request that the Civil Service Com The documents on which charges l, 2 and Service Commission for eleven years when mission instruct the Department to furnish 3 are predicated were not furnished by me I was required to carry out the Commission's me with an official communication addressed to the Internal Security Subcommittee until implementing practices pursuant to this act. to me, similar to the letter of charges filed June 2, 1963. The events preceding my action It has always been the Commission's fl.rm against me, specifying in detail the reasons are most important. policy to allow a veteran affected by an ad for the withdrawal of the mutilation charges. Mr. Reilly began tapping my telephone in verse agency action, to personally appear be The oral statement made by Department March 1963, if not earlier. By his own ad fore a Commission representative, and either counsel, Irving Jaffe, at my hearing, on June mission I had done nothing wrong by that orally or in affidavit form, present any griev 6, 1967, giving only the reason that the time. ance which he might have against his em charges did not allege the delivery of the Later in March 1963, he placed my trash ployers. The employing agency could not documents in question to anyone, is unclear, bag under surveillance. restrict this right, even though the Commis unsatisfactory and unfair to me. In brief, I In April 1963, Mr. Reilly had my office safe sion, on appeal, could decide the employee's insist I am entitled to a "Not Guilty" letter drilled open surreptitiously and its contents statement was irrelevant. According to my from the Department of State. As a prece photographed. It contained information understanding the same principle is still in dent for such at letter, I refer to another legitimately in my custody for official pur effect, for it is clearly enunciated in the Com case involving the furnishing of official in poses. formation by a State Department employee mission publication issued in July 1964, called During April and May 1963, without ever "Conducting Hearings on Employee Appeals", to a person outside the Department. In that case, John Stewart Service admittedly gave having discussed the matter with me as he which states, with respect to both veterans should have under Civil Service and Depart and non-veterans, "The employee has a right 18 highly classified documents, not to a Oon gressional committee, but to a person estab ment regulations, Mr. Reilly derogated my to answer adverse actions in person, as well performance and accused me of emotional in as in writing, ... and to be given an op lished as a Communist and Soviet agent. Service was arrested for his offense by the stability before the Internal Security Sub portunity to say what he will in an effort to committee. secure justice and mercy." FBI but a Grand Jury refused prosecution While I had the opportunity to respond af because it was satisfied he did not intend to By May 23, 1963, the fifth day of his testi firmatively in writing to all of the Depart harm the national security. Although Service mony, Mr. Reilly had committed one false ment's charges when they were filed against clearly breached the Department's security hood after the other and compounded several me in September 1963, and to enter a gen regulations, notwithstanding his acquittal on of these falsehoods repeatedly. His state eral denial to all of them, the Department criminal grounds, the Department termed his ments concerning me had become so patently deliberately impeded my efforts to obtain acquittal by the Grand Jury as a complete untrue that they attracted the special atten justice by refusing to allow my attorney and vindication and he was issued two letters tion of the Acting Chairman and the Chief me to examine the contents of trash bags signed by the Secretary of State and Under Counsel of the Subcommittee. purportedly containing material that formed Secretary of State respectively, congratulat Each of Reilly's actions were without ade the basis of charges 4 through 11. Under this ing him and restoring him to full duty in quate cause. None is described in charges obstacle, I found it extremely difficult, if not the same line of work for which he was best 1, 2 and 3. impossible, to develop by independent means qualified professionally. As I had become aware of Reilly's activi necessary evidence to prove that these 6. In contrast to above case, and despite ties through information volunteered to me, charges were completely false and contrived the fact that I have never violated any se I reviewed each incident cumulatively and solely to destroy me. By the time it became curity regulation whatsoever, I have been collectively. By the end of May 1963, I could possible for me to obtain a hearing on all of penalized by a demotion in grade and salary reach no other conclusion except that the the charges and to cross examine Depart and assigned to duties entirely incompatible consistency and frequency of his actions ment witnesses implicated in the trash bag with my professional experience as a security could occur only with higher approval. After episode, the Department withdrew the officer for the past twenty-five years, involv discreetly exploring the possibility of ap charges and summarily denied me the oppor ing only the preparation of elementary and proaching Secretary Rusk in the matter, I tunity to present evidence to show that they unclassified phrases for inclusion in a so came to the logical conclusion that neither were false and vindictive. called Department Manual of Organization. the Secretary nor those in the chain of com In pursuance of the Commission's policy I have been informed that unlike my work mand through whom I had to apply to seek to permit an employee of the classified civil as a security officer, none of these duties an audience with him, would welcome my service to state his grievances to a Commis require access to sensitive material and none complaints. It became apparent to me that sion representative in the interest of justice, shall be given me in connection with the they would block my efforts not only to rebut I offer the following statement. Since I am performance of my assignment. 1n effect this Mr. Reilly's testimony about me but the prevented by the Commission's ruling from decree, until and unless it is revoked, has need to expose his other wrongdoing. I saw presenting evidence in support of this state ended my government career as a security no alternative except to perform my honest ment, it shall be as brief as possible except officer because no other government agency duty by telling the Congress the truth when where clarity demands necessary detail. I am will wish to employ me in my profession. called upon to do so. Subsequently events omitting in this statement any comment on 6. The Department dispatched a special justified my decision, for in November 1963 charges 12 and 13, which the Department also messenger to my home on December 11, 1967. it was clearly demonstrated by other witness has dropped. He arrived at 7:10 PM to deliver a written es before the Subcommittee that Mr. Rusk 1. I accuse the Department of State, and verdict of "Guilty" signed by Secretary Rusk, and Undersecretary George Ball had fully specifically John F. Reilly, David Belisle, and on charges l, 2 and 3. Included was another protected Mr. Reilly in his attempts to es Mrs. Marie Catucci, acting individually and letter signed by Idar Rimestad setting forth cape culpability when he was trapped in his collectively, and aided and abetted by Fred his implementation of the Secretary's orders own falsehoods. It was not until Mr. Reilly erick Traband, Joseph Sabin, Raymond Levy, of my punishment. Neither official mentioned had become so hopelessly . enmeshed in his Robert McCarthy, Joseph Rosetti, Terence my acquittal on charges 4 through 13. lies, that Mr. Rusk was forced to dismiss him Shea, Mrs. Joyce Schmelzer, and William J. In determining whether the Secretary's in order to salvage at least a part of the De Crockett, of concocting a malevolent scheme action in the circumstances has been reason partment's loss of integrity. to obtain my ouster from the Office of Secu able and proper, I respectfully submit that As an experienced Department officer I rity and the Department of State, through the Commission must carefully consider the felt that my recourse to the Congress in the the false impression that I had mutilated following facts. circumstances was entirely proper. I do not government papers in violation of a criminal The full record, and Mr. Reilly's own ad regret my course of conduct in any way be statute. mission, establishes that Mr. Reilly under cause I . am still confident that through the 2. I did not mutilate the documents in took to tap my telephone only because he watchdog responsibilities of the Civil Serv question. I did not ask anyone else to do so. suspected that I was furnishing information ice Comm:.ssion and the Congress of the If in fact a mutilation did occur and I had to the Senate Internal Security Subcommit United States, the State Department can been allowed the opportunity to cross exam tee. I therefore take exception to the Com :achieve completely honest administration ine each of the above witnesses, the guilty mission's rulings denying my requests to (a) at every level of its personnel security opera person would have been identified. The ascertain the identity of the person to whom tions. charges were withdrawn by the Department the tape recordings of my intercepted con I rest my case on the record before the to prevent this identification. . versations were delivered (b) obtain from Commission unless the Commission desires 3. I accuse the Department of gross im the Department affidavits submitted to the to reconsider its rulings and allows the propriety in approving the preparation and Secretary on the wiretapping episode by John evidence that I have requested. 7326 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS March 21, 1968 Civil Rights Bill ample evidence that such special protection I can well recall the decision to prohibit is essential in some parts of the country for any of our American Navy men from going both Negroes and civil rights workers. This ashore in South Africa because of the possi HON. WILLIAM A. BARRETT section of the bill is nothing more than a bllity of prejudice being displayed. I am ut fulfillment of the promise of the Fourteenth terly at a loss to understand how it was OF PENNSYLVANIA Amendment to equal protection of the laws. permitted to send the Navy into a port where IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The housing section also may be described, prejudice was certainly going to be dem Thursday, March 21, 1968 in the words of Senator Hart. as a response onstrated. to "the demands of history." Only 21 states :L sincerely hope that a suitable reprimand Mr. BARRET!'. Mr. Speaker, the have enacted open housing laws. "How long has been administered to the officer who Washington Post printed a recent .edito must we wait," asked Senator Dirksen, "for was guilty of promoting such an irresponsi rial in support of immediate House ac the other 29 states?" This is the question ble directive among the ships of our fleet. I tion to endorse the Senate-passed civil that the House should face candidly and sincerely hope that steps have also been without any trickery or maneuvering. taken to guarantee that no such embarrass rights bill in its present form so that it The riot control provisions were added to ment will ever be offered any group in can be speeded on its way to the White the bill largely to make it more palatable to America. House for the President's signature. I legislators who feel that it is imperative to Sincerely, insert the editorial at this point in the strike out against violence in the streets. In JOSEPH M. MCDADE, RECORD for the benefit of my colleagues their present form these restraints may have Member of Congress. who may not have seen it. some utility, and with careful administration they should not lead to any curtailment of Many of us wish that the Senate bill basic rights. It seems highly improbable that had an even more extensive and liberal the bill would be improved by sending it to open-housing provision than it now con conference. We think it should go to the -Declaration of the Polish Government-in tains but considering the special fili floor at the earliest opportunity for debate buster problems which face the other and enactment. Exile body, it is a great. forward step in our battle to eliminate discrimination in housing accommodations. If the House HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI does not pass the bill without change A Letter of Protest to the President OF ll.LINOIS and a conference becomes necessary, we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would face the grave threat of another Thursday, March 21, 1968 filibuster in the other body and run too HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE serious a risk of ending up with no bill OF PENNSYLVANIA Mr. DER.WINSKI. Mr. Speaker, on ·at all this year, which would be a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many previous occasions I pointed out tragedy. I implore Members on both sides Thursday, March 21, 1968 that. the legitimate voice of the Polish of the aisle to search their conscience, people is expressed through the Polish because if they do, there is only one con Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, it is rather Government-in-exile, which still func clusion. We must act and act swiftly to painful for me to come before this House tions in London. I, therefore, feel it is of send the Senate bill without change to to recall to your attention the newspaper great importance to place in the RECORD the White House. The editorial follows: stories concerning the treatment of some the ·following declaration of the Polish of our Navy men ~ the city of New Or Government-in-exile, made on March 12, [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, leans during the period known as Mardi Mar. 15, 1968] regarding recent events in Warsaw: Gras~ As you may recollect, a directive RIGHTS BILL IN THE HOUSE DECLARATION OF THE POLISH GoVERNMENT-IN was issued by officers in the Navy pro Exn.E OF MARCH 12, 1968, REGARDING THE Speaker McCormack and his colleagues in hibiting any exchange of invitations sent RECENT EvENTS IN WARSAW the House leadership have rightly decided to seek approval of the Senate-passed civil to naval personnel, lest these invitations LoNDON.-At a Cabinet meeting on 12th rights bill in its present form. As the bill fall into the hands of Negroes, Jews, or March 1968 presided over by H. E. August finally emerged, it has overwhelming ap Italians. Zaleski, President of the Republic of Po proval in the Senate. It has ·been warmly re I am appalled .and I am dismayed to land [in-exile], the following declaration ceived by the White House and has wide learn this. I had thought we had all come of the Polish Government regarding the re spread support in the country. The task of cent events in Warsaw, was unanimously a long way down the road toward guar resolved by the Cabinet: the House is to enact it and not to begin anteeing equality in this Nation. It was whittling it down. "The recent demonstrations in the coun Much will depend upon the attitude o! the inconceivable to me that ,any part of tries subjected by Russia provide yet an Republicans in the House. Minority Leader the U.S. Government, particularly the other proof that these nations ha.ve never Ford has expressed preference for sending U.S. Military Establishment, could be reconciled themselves to the social and the bill to conference, but this may be largely guilty of such an affront to the millions political order imposed upon them after the an institutional reaction; the House likes to of Americans of Negro, Jewish, or Italian Second World War. The international centres, see its imprint on legislation. But sending antecedence. where fundamental decisions on the future the measure to conference might entail fur set-up of world relations are made at pres ther oompromises or le.ad to snags that would I have written a letter to the Presi ent, should recognize that it is essential to ultimately defeat the bill. Mr. Ford ought dent protesting the insult offered these restore the freedom and independence to to think twice before taking upon himself fine people. I hope I will never again see which the various nations in this part of our responsib1lity for possible failure to this leg such a disgraceful exhibition in the globe have a right, just a.s there is struggle islation. grossest ,form of bad taste being per for the same·right in Africa. a.nd Asia. In the Senate, the Republicans responded petrated upon any segment of our popu "We Poles have always been fully aware in cominmendable fashion. Once the meas lation. My letter to the President is as that our nation has never reconciled itself ure had the imprimatur of Senator Dirksen, to the alien ideology and system imposed his GOP colleagues lined up for it 29 to 3. follows: upon it. During the last few days, the whole On the House side it is said that only 75 out CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, free world has been given fresh proofs or of 186 Republican votes will be essential to HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, this and should extract the proper con enactment of the b1ll, assuming that approx Washington, D.O., March 14, 1968. clusions-above all, by honoring the require imately 160 Democrats are for it. Failure The PRESIDENT, ments of equity and justice in relation to to muster a majority of Republican votes in The White House, Poland. the House for the bill would be a grave reflec Washington, D.O. "It should be universally realized that the tion on Mr. Ford personally and upon the DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am sure that you Polish nation has emerged with unbroken GOP as a party, at a crucial time in the 1968 have had called to your attention the in spirit and remained true to its faith and to national campaigns. The provisions to mod cident reported in our nation's newspapers freedom although so sorely tried during the ernize the Civil Rights Act of a century ago concerning the gratuitous insult offered the _19th century and the present one, and despite and to prevent discrimination in the sale or Negroes, Jews, and Italians of America by extreme oppression by the occupation rental of housing remain the heart of the the United States Navy. powers. The younger generation, albeit bill. It is unfortunate that the Federal Gov I am referring, of course, to the incident brought up during the la.st two decades under ernment finds it necessary to protect the which occurred in connection with the the very vigilant and ubiquitous influence of constitutional rights of Negroes to serve on Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans where the Communist regime imposed by Russia., juries, to travel, to use public accommoda the U.S. Navy issued a directive that was in has not lost a.nd will not even partly lose tions, to attend schools without discrimina sulting every Negro, - every Jew, and every consciousness of the need for freedom and tion and so forth. But recent history affords Italian in these United States. independence. March ·21, -1968 'EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS-· 7327 · "Apparently dormant while coping with the and operations of the Selective Service and criminally inclined elements usually dor exigencies of ev.eryday life, this generation System. mant in every city. . The police are the :first was sharply aroused by the utterance of line of defense against the trogodytes ever sentiments which had for several e-enerations waiting to mug pedestrians, snatch pocket kept the Poles in readiness to struggle for books, rape nurses, toss Molotov cocktalls, Poland's independence and for the nation's Conspiracy To Divide America overturn ca.rs, smash windows and gut freedom. The very same words from Mickie stores." wicz's 'Forefathers' now again have stirred The Negro columnist noted that "For 10 the young generation, fully backed by the HON. JOHN R. RARICK years Martin Luther King and his band of whole nation. OF LOUISIANA pulpit-less parsons of the Southern Christian "We must, however, appeal to all in our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Leadership Conference have roamed the native land that they avoid being carried country obstructing traffic, slandering offi away by imprudent zeal and do not arise in Thursday, March 21, 1968 cialdom, staging demonstrations and incit premature action which could entail casual Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Dr. J. H. ing to riot all the way from Chicago to St. ties -wit,hout certainty of attaining the de Augustine. These have been aided and sired end. It is too early for such action. We Jackson, president of the 6.3-million abetted by the Congress of Racial Equality, must spa.re all our forces and guard our member Negro National Baptist Conven the Student Nonviolent (sic) Coordinating splendid, patriotic youth against futile tion, is entitled to recognition for his Committee, the Deacons for Defense and losses. The present trial of strength in Po outspoken denunciation of the civil dis Justice, the· Black Panthers and a horde of land demonstrates on the other hand, that orders report. others in cities across the land, panting to the time has come 'for the regime imposed It is truly unfortunate that Dr. Jack stir strtte." upon the country to begin paying more heed son does not have the free speech OP Schuyler wrote in his column copyrighted to the Just demands of the nation, and for portunities given Carmichael, King and by the North American Newspaper Alliance: the wide world to comprehend that the Polish "As was to be expected, the commission nation will never reconcile itself to an a.lien Brown. denies that there is or has been any conspir yoke... I include his statement from the acy behind the civil riots, when reasonably Christian News, New Haven, Mo., fol observant Americans see quite the contrary. lowing my remarks: It ls an insult to the collective intelligence. Secrecy Lid Lifted on Draft Board NEGRO CHURCH LEADER RAPS RIOT REPORT, The leaders of the civil rights organizations SAYS THERE Is A CONSPIRACY To DIVIDE have always kept close liaison." He claims Members AMERICA-NCC PRESIDENT AND KING COM that "With the cooperation of Marxist stu MEND REPoRT dent groups on hundreds of campuses civil rights leaders and spokesmen, both extrem HON. JOHN E. MOSS The President's Advisory Commission on ist and moderate, have carried on a cam Civil Disorders did a disservice to the Ameri or CALD'ORNIA paign of misinformation and miseducation." can people by seeking to divide America into According to Schuyler, "Blaming the white IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES two categories, the president of the National people for our racial trauma is a cheap, po Thursday; March 21, 1968 Baptist Convention, U.S.A., a group of over litical 'out' unworthy of the positions "the six million black Baptists, said last week. commissioners hold. It 1s cruelly misleading Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased. The Rev. Dr. J. H. Jackson, convention the public to imply that by some legerde to report that Selective Service Director president and pastor or the Olivet Baptist main nine-tentbs of the population, here or Gen. Lewis B. Rershey has :finally come . Church in Chicago, said "In spite of the anywhere else, can be brought to relinquish around to the viewpoint of my Informa statement from the Kerner report that they their prejudices against one-tenth where had found no conspiracy in studying i.he multiracialism obtains, by being threatened tion Subcommittee that identification of riots of 1967, I am convinced with others local draft board members should be a with conflict and possible genocide. If this that there ls a conspiracy, deep and danger course ls pursued, the black w111 be the ones routine matter of pubilc record. Requests ous, designed to demoralize the nation, to to suffer. The best we can hope for in this for information about board members divide it, and 1! possible, to conquer it." country is a large measure of tolerance and generally have been denied at the local Under Mr. Jackson's guidance the Na cooperation between our diverse peoples." and State levels. tional Baptist Convention had insisted on Martin Luther King and other Negro In an enlightened change of mind the pr.ea.ching '.'.a gospel of. redemption not only leaders have, however, praised the commis for Negro people but for all people... He sion's report. Dr. Arthurs: Flemming, presi Director, acceding to a subcommittee claims in his recently published Unholy Shad has dent of the National Council of Churches, :r.ecommendation, issued a new regu ows and Freedom'{I Holy Light that the only commended the report as ''courageous." Dr. lation which requires the public posting salvation, which is beyond the reach of the Flemming pledged the vl,gorous support o1. of the names of local draft board mem liberals, ls a return to Christ. Hts own per the NCC, a federation of 34 Protestant and bers, Government appeal agents, and ad sonal mission in life is fourfold: True pa Orthodox Churches, in implementing the re- · triotism, advocacy of respect for law and port's basic recommendations. visers at each board office to which such order, for first-class citlzenshipi'.or all Ameri personnel is assigned. The regulation, cans and the redemptive message of Christ published in the Federal Register of for all mankind. The Negro leader ls deeply March 19, 1968, marks the first time Gen sympathetic with the aspirations of his peo eral Hershey has ever issued positive in ple for equal opportunity, but he claims Dr •. Philip R. Lee To Carry Out structions that identifying information these things must be achieved within the Dep~tment Reorganization about Selective Service System personnel framework of law and order according to the is be made public on a uniform, na principles of the Constitution. to Mr. Jackson has served as the head of the tionwide basis. The regulation states that 6.3 million member National Baptist Con HON. PETER N. KYROS in addition to revealing names, tee in vention for the past 14 year-S, but the com OF MAINE formation is to include position titles, munications media have given more pub IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grades, salaries, and duty stations of em licity to statements made by such Negro Thursday, March 21, 1968 ployees. leaders as Martin Luther King, Stokely Car The matter of making available the michael, and Dick Gregory. Mr. KYROS. Mr. Speaker, dealing with home addresses and other identifying George Schuyler, a' prominent Negro col the health problems of this Nation is a umnist and author of the recently published task of gargantuan proportions. Within data about board members is still not Black and Conservative, said last week that completely resolved, but the general has the President's riot commission report was the Department of Health, Education, taken an important step toward clarify an "outrageous Whitewash." He stated: "As and Welfare there is such a vast array ing the issue by providing in the new predicted by the suspicious when it was ap of agencies and bureaus dealing with the regulation that additional identifying pointed by President Johnson on July 29 problems that often it is difficult to iden data may be released if the person to last year, the National Advisory Commission tify whether there is a national approach. on Civil Disorders has produced an outra In appointing Dr. Philip R. Lee, As whom the information relates gives con geous whitewash. It is indicative of the per sent, or if the local board chairman sistant Secretary for Health and Scien vasive gutlessness of current officialdom and tific Affairs, to carry out a reorganization makes such a determination under stated civil leadership on all levels in coping with the crisis confronting us. of the Department, Acting Secretary Wil conditions. bur Cohen has recognized the need for I commend the Director for issuing the "Not unexpectedly, the police, perennial whipping boys of those running interference unified direction of the health agencies regulation and trust that it will serve as for demonstrators, are blamed by the com of HEW. The assignment is of special a stimulus to increase the :fl.ow of infor mission for undue severity in suppressing significance for it will also include the mation to the public about the functions the riot-prone, retardate, extremist-incited development of a plan of organization of ,CXIV-462-Part 6 7328 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS March 21, 1968 the health programs of the Federal Gov the chairman or anybody else on the Com mittee and passed by the House during ernment as directed by President John mittee to recognize it for what it is. ·The this session, because the sooner we act, harshest thing that can be said about Mr. the more lives we will save. son. Willis and his colleagues Ls that they mean The selection of Dr. Lee is an excellent well. They simply have no idea about what choice. He has the credentials and the constitutes Americanism. With the best in experience to carry out this formidable tentions in the world, they would patriotical task. While it is an appointment to which ly stifle dissent and reduce the civil service Lyndon 8. Johnson: The Conservation the administration can point with pride, to uniformity. President our Nation will be the final beneficiary Employes of the Executive Branch of the of Dr. Lee's efforts. United States Government are carefully cleared for loyalty and security before they HON. CHET HOLIFIELD take office. They are American citizens, en dowed like other Americans with individual OF CALIFORNIA ity of conscience and with the right to speak IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Compelling Conformity and act in accordance with conscience. The Monday, March 11, 1968 plain purpose, as well as the inescapable ef fect, of the proposed HUAC investigation is Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, one of HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER to intimidate Federal workers into silence the ironies of modern life is that our fan OF NEW YORK and conformity. Left to itself, the Commit tastic achievements in technology have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tee will probably soon begin to embellish sometimes had unforeseen and unfortu the American flag with swastikas in the name Wednesday, March 13, 1968 nate consequences for our natural en of Americanism. vironment. President Johnson has alerted Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, no mat the Nation to the fact that our techno ter what else changes, we can be sure that logical byproducts "shroud the Nation's one institution will continue its consist Occupational Safety and Health Act cities each year and pollute our rivers ently outrageous attacks on our liberties. and streams, endangering the water we I ·refer of course to the Committee on of 1968 Un-American Activities. drink and use." Over the last quarter of a century, this But the President has done more than committee has lead the assault on dissent HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN just point to the dangers. He has come up with realistic and workable programs and the persecution of dissenters. OF NEW JERSEY In the last 2 years, coincident with a to deal with the environmental challenge. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Clean air and clean water have had a significant increase in opposition to the Thursday, March 21, 1968 resolutions funding the committee's op high priority on the President's agenda erations, there had been an apparent Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, at the end of unfinished public business. Further diminution in activity by the committee. of today-and every other workday more, President Johnson has enlisted The hope that the increasing criticism throughout the year-over 27 ,000 Ameri widespread public support for his ideas. was causing the committee to moderate can workers will be injured in factories, For example, the Los Angeles Times its policies has now proved unfounded. 8,500 will be disabled, and 55 will be recently carried an editorial, "The Debris Earlier this week the committee an killed. of Civilization," which thoughtfully nounced that it would investigate an or And although most industrial plants examines the President's proposals to ganization of Government employees op have broadened their safety programs, save our natural environment. I insert posing the war in Vietnam. Given the there has been a disturbing rise of 22 the editorial in the RECORD: reputation of the committee, this an percent during the past 8 years in dis THE DEBRIS OF CIVILIZATION nouncement will certainly intimidate abling injuries per million man-hours The primary goal of conservation today many people and deter them from par worked, because of increased produc is no longer to keep America beautiful, but tivity. just to make it bearable. ticipating in such activities. "The debris of civilization litters the land Mr. Speaker, it is disgraceful that the Judging from present indications, this scape and spoils the beaches," declared Pres power of a committee of this House disturbing trend will continue-unless ident Johnson, as he warned of the by should be used to prevent U.S. citizens vigorous and courageous action is taken products of a great technology that "shroud from exercising their constitutional I).OW. the nation's cities each year ... (and] pollute rights. It is disgraceful that less than a To help correct this appalling record our rivers and streams, endangering the week before this latest outrage the House of industrial injury, disability, and death, waters we drink and use." So serious is the threat of environment should have voted to squander an addi I have joined several colleagues in help pollution that the President has asked Con tional $375,000 on these activities. ing t.o cosPonsor the measure introduced gress to double current federal spending to I am proud that I was paired against by Representative JAMES G. O'HARA, of clean up the nation's air and water. the resolution. My only regret is that I Michigan, the Occupational Safety and This "crisis in conservation" has now be was out of the country and unable to Health Act of 1968. come a matter of national survival, he said vote against the appropriation. About 50 million workers engaged in in proposing expenditures totaling $1.2 bil interstate commerce would be covered by lion-by far the biggest such request ever Mr. Speaker, this morning the Wash made. ington Post published a fine editorial this bill, which would establish manda Included in the message was a strong plea condemning this latest manifestation of tory occupational and health standards; for approval of the long-sought Redwoods the committee's infallible instinct for provide for their effective enforcement; National Park in California as well for de doing the worst, which I am including furnish training and conduct research in velopment of a scenic rivers system and ac in the RECORD: the health and safety fields; and help quisition of new wilderness areas. The Presi COMPELLING CONFORMITY States develop plans that would improve dent also made a pitch for the controversial industrial health and safety. Central Arizona Project. The House Un-American Activities Com Greatest urgency, however, was given to mittee has offered a fresh demonstration, There is definite evidence that many the need of protecting the nation from the although none was needed, that it is wholly safety programs operated by States are waste products of its technology. In addition unfit to exercise power in the name of the weak and ineffective. I firmly believe that to far more spending on air and water poll u House of Representatives. Its chairman, Rep. standards should be strengthened and tion control, the White House called for con Edwin E. Willis of Louisiana, has announced Federal financial aid-ranging to 90 per tinuing research on the worsening problems that the Committee will investigate an orga cent--be provided to help assure safe of solid waste disposal and noise pollution. nization of Government employees opposing working conditions in this Nation. The President's request for a record $128- the war in Vietnam. Mr. Willl.s also an million air pollution control program reflects nounced his sponsorship of a bill authorizing · Mr. Speaker, this legislation would not not only the seriousness of the problem but the President, in the naille of executive effi only help prevent human tragedy due to also the broadened federal responsibility en ciency, to suspend and, after a hearing, to industrial accidents, but would also re acted by Congress last year. dismiss, Executive Branch employes whose duce labor-management tensions, be But Congress must make certain that the opinions about foreign policy may be deemed cause disputes often include the charge money will be well spent in necessary re undesirable. search and grants for organizing local and What is most shocking about this nasty of inadequate safety conditions. state control programs. Industries must not nonsense is not so much its nastiness or its I urge that this necessary measure be be allowed to shirk their responsibility in the nonsense as the apparently total failure of reported by the subcommittee and com- controlling of their own waste products. March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7329 Los Angeles County's pioneering .smog co.n_ in Rhodesia . .No doubt he might have been . This kind of policy is not going to be easy trol program, it should be noted, was dpne willing to write in a few fig-leaf clauses; to carry out. It isn't going to bring quick with virtually no federal help. Local indus but there. ~ been ,no sign that he would results. It will, increasingly, bring .about a tries to date have invested more than $200 have been prepared to concede real power confrontation with South Africa and Portu million to make the air cleaner. to the African majority at any time. And . gal-whose backing sustains Rhodesia. It To clean up rivers, harbors, beaches, estu this is what the whole argument is about. "might, eventually, even lead to applying aries and lakes, Congress authorized a; 5-year It. is, of course, very tempting to argue armed pressure on · the entrenched whites. gran.t program in 1966 totaling $3.66 billion that since Britain can't get rid of the Smith .But, if we are not prepared to con.template for waste treatment plant construction. Ap regime, it might as well make the pest of .e. such a long haul and cannot see that those propriations unfortunately have fallen far bad bargain. But this reasoning is harder who are not on the side of the Africans are below the yearly authorizations, thus delay to sustain when it becomes apparent that against them, we will buy ourselves a respite ing the highly efficient protection of water any bargain would align Britain with a of a few years at the cost of making what reclamation. regime which is not only openly racist but is an obviously dangerous situation into a Treatment plant construction should be explicitly tyrannous. major international explosion. accelerated as rapidly as feasible-as should Where, then, does this leave the British the federal review of the effectiveness of state Government? It's quite clear that Mr. Wil water quality standards and plans. son-if he is not to split the Labour Party "Our environment can sustain our growth still more deeply-cannot now afford to make Escalation to Disaster-I and nourish our future," concluded the any kind of conciliatory move towards the President. "Or it can overwhelm us." Smith regime. But is there anything else to We still have time to decide. But not for be done? The policy of sanctions, as at present HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT long. applied, has failed to bring Mr. Smith to h is ·knees as Ministers over-hopefully pre OF CALIFORNIA. dicted (but this paper did not) at the begin IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rhodesia: Riding a Tiger ning of the crisis. Even so the policy of sanc tions-for all its weaknesses-has had the Thursday, March .21, 1968 positive effect of denying outright success Mr. LEGGE'IT. Mr. Speaker, on pre HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM to the rebel regime, and kept it from being vious occasions I have referred to the recognised by a single country. But can the OP NEW YORK. current Vietnam policy of escalation as Government now do anything better than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES act as though Rhodesia doesn't exist and a policy of escalation to no place. others to Thursday, March 21, 1968 hope the problem will one day be solved by have referred it as an escalation to pretending it1sn't there? nowhere. My review of recent · articles Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the Lon This will, inevitably, be the temptation. and reports on Vietnam indicates that don Observer has a very thoughtful ar The Rhodesian crisis .has come at a bad time these phrases have become misnomers. I ticle on Rhodesia and the long-term for Britain; the country is in an introspec fear that our present policy is truly a tive, self-pltying mood; its own domestic policy of escalation to disaster. prospects for a resolution of the crisis preoccupations shut out wider concerns. But in southern Africa. It is a very sobering the fact that Britain's short-term self-in Escalation of troops in Vietnam has article, and I insert it for the interest terest would seem to demand a retreat from moved from several hundred American of our colleagues and other readers of the cost of sanctions, or from a confronta advisers and technicians .in 1961 ·to 525,- the RECORD: tion with South Africa, does not mean that 000 by August o! 1967. Each troop escala this country can afford to ignore the long tion has been preceded by an outright [From the London Observer, Mar. 10, 1968) .term consequences of adopting a passive denial, followed by a statement to the ef RHODESIA: RIDING A TIGER stance towards what will be one of the great fect that the Joint Chiefs of Stair ·have In hanging the three Africans, the Smith issues in the decades ahead. not formally requested more troops,-and, regime has been true to its basic nature. It For Rhodesia is only part of a much larg is not Salisbury's decision to execute the er challenge: that off.ered by a white minor finally, the acknowledgment statement three men and ignore the Queen's reprieve ity ruling a black majority throughout all 1nfilcating that some additional 'troops which should cause astonishment, but the southern Africa. In the long term, this is are going to be needed and will be sup reaction of pained surprise it has evoked in obviously an untenable situation. It is a plied. Usually, prior to announcing th-e this country. It is as though people were situation bound. to explode into violence exact number of new troops to be sup astonished to discover that tigers are carni and which wm tiltlmately be resolved by plied, astronomical figures are leaked so vores, not vegetarians. Indeed, ·at the risk of force. that when the "moderate"' figure of 3-0,- sounding horribly ca.llous, the Smith regime's It is, too, a drama which will reach far decision to hang these three men has been beyond Africa. Neither China nor Russia can 000 or 45,000 is announced it does not extremely salutary-in blowing away the permanently afford to stay out; they will hurt as much. cobwebs of muddled hopefulness which have inevitably be drawn into the struggle to The next round of escalation to dis surrounded attitudes in this country towards show 'themselves a friend of the oppressed aster as announced 1n tr..e New York Rhodesia. And if the threat to hang six more Africans. It is, indeed, a situation in which Times in its March 11, 1968, edition states tomorrow is carried out, the effect In quick Jt will be impossible to be neutral. To stand ·that General Westmoreland has report ening our understanding of .Rhodesian reali aside will be to stand convicted of passively edly requested more than 200,000 addi ties will be even more striking. helping the existing regimes . .SO Britain is For the issue has not been the precise involved, whether we like it or not-deeply tional troops--a SO-percent increase. Re nature of the crimes for which the three men Jnvolved, because of its historic role in help cent newspaper reports, citing adminis were condemned nor the legal arguments ing to create the present pattern. tration officials, ridiculed as "dove-scare" concerning the appeal. Two of the three This is the long-term perspective. In· the figures the 206,000 man increase that were sentenced for a political murder of a short term, the British Government may n.ot Westmoreland is alleged in some quar., very unpleasant kind-but then, this is what be able to do much by itself. But Britain t-ers to have "requested." That figure must be expected where a powerless majority can contribute greatly to a wider effort: by has been described as the number of men finds its only outlet for protest is in violence. taking the matter to the United Nations, not that might eventually be added to the Again, the appeal was not about the sen in an attempt to dump the problems, but in Vietnam force-over a very long time tences, but about the long delay in carrying 'a positive attempt to get a more effective them out and the refusal to allow the men international campaign started. In particu should the maximum plan among sev to exhaust all possibilities by taking their lar, the UN could be asked to do two things. eral be approved. It could not be called case to the Privy Council in London. First, to .make the existing list of sanctions a "request," but one of a number of pos What Smith and his supporters really want, more comprehensive: e.g. by including sibilities under consideration. of course, is formal recognition of their own nickel and by ma.king it harder for Rhode The article continues stating that power. Hence his use of the three Africans _sians to travel abroad. (Why, f9r instance, there is every reason to fear that a. fur.:. as a political weapon. And although he has does BOAC still operate a full service be succeeded in demonstrating the British Gov tween Salisbury and London?) Second, by ther escalation of the kind General ernment's powerlessness fn this situation, he creating a more effective system of super Westmoreland has proposed will . create has done so at the cost of making it much vising the sanctions-a job now carried out new problems of unprecedented propor harder for any Administration in this coun virtually single-handed by Britain. . (At tions for the United States, both at home try to recognize his regime. He has weakened present many of the offend.era are, like Japan, and abroad. The effect will be to put off the myth that he is reasonable, anxious only our trading partners---which makes . a soli negotiations, not advance them: to get agreement with Britain. tary policeman's job par.tl.cu1arly difficult.) The item states that each · escalation Of course, he has been anxious to get U Thant should be asked, under a Security agreement--but only on his own terms. There Council resolution, to set up a ·sanctions has raised 'the risk of a suicidal interna would have been no difficulty 'at any time Inspectorate-to investigate, to ask offenders tional conflagration and that the time since UDI in getting a settlement, provided it to explain and, most important of all, to has come to abandon this bankruptcy had accepted continued white minority rule publish the names of the unrepentant. policy. The American people have been 7330 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 21, 1968 pushed beyond the limits of gullibility. garding preservation of the environment, gration of Indians from Kenya by requiring Searching questions about the escalation an area in which I am deeply interested those with British passports to get visas, thus doctrine are at last being raised by sig and in which the gentleman from New limiting immigration to 15,000 heads of fam nificant numbers of private citizens, York has shown himself to be a leader. ilies a year. Members of Congress, and even by offi It is imperative that we provide a frame cials of standing in the administration work for reconciling the Nation's need The People Left Behind itself. These questions must be pressed at for power with its desire to preserve and every level. The fate of this Nation de without sacrificing natural beauty and pends upon it. historic values. HON. B. F. SISK Mr. Speaker, the New York Times ar There are a number of other features OF CALIFORNIA ticle fails to indicate that in addition in the bill introduced by Mr. OTTINGER IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many newspapers, from the staid Wall which merit the close scrutiny of the Street Journal to the jingoist Hearst members of the House Commerce Com Thursday, March 21, 1968 publications, are questioning the current mittee and the Congress. Our obligation Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, in a few weeks policy of escalation. Also, magazines to the American consumer is to review I intend to introduce a resolution to cre such as Life, Time, and Newsweek are these proposals carefully and at the earli ate a select committee to study the need raising searching questions about our est possible moment. for legislation to divest the Department present policy. In this and other presen The heart of all the proposals before of Agriculture and the Department of tations to this body, Mr. Speaker, I will the Congress on power reliability is the Interior of all of the programs they now review and discuss these articles in the provision for regional councils of util operate which are primarily directed to hope of alerting my colleagues to the ities to conduct joint planning and se ward the needs of the urban areas. dangers of a policy of escalation to disas cure better reliability in electric power I will seek this study because I am ter. Following this, I hope that a detailed supply. It is encouraging that all the dif firmly convinced that the Departments review of our Vietnam war policies will ferent versions of this legislation agree are beginning to become so city oriented be undertaken by the Congress. on the main course proposed in the ad that they are in danger of ignoring the ministration bill. segments of our people to whom they I believe the regional council approach should be primarily dedicated. represents the best method for improving This proposal will be aimed not at put Electric Power Reliability Ad the dependability of electric service. It ting an end to any programs in these respects and utilizes the skill and expe departments, but to transfer these pro rience of utility managements, while grams to other Cabinet departments HON. HERBERT TENZER providing a public voice in the planning whose primary interests already lie in OJi' NEW YORK of facilities which may affect the safety the urban area, such as the Department IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Housing and Urban Development, the and comfort of millions. Department of Health, Education, and Thursday, March 21, 1968 Now is the time for the Congress to Welfare, the Department of Labor, the Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, in every act for the future protection of the Department of Transportation, and the area of our lives, technology is present American consumer. Department of Commerce. ing us with new and challenging prob All of us, I am sure, realize that there lems. It is part of our responsibility as has been a pronounced shift of political representatives of the American people might from the rural to the urban areas. to respond to those challenges and help Mr. Bhagat, Meet Mr. Bhagat This shift has been in part due to the insure that our technological progress is implementation of the one-man one translated into the widest possible public HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI vote principle, which I have consistently benefi~. OP ll.LINOIS felt was ultimately going to be harmful The electric power industry is as much to the Nation but which I accept as the affected by technological change as more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES law of the land. glamorous fields such as space explora Thursday, March 21, 1968 My decision to seek this study is tion. The American people were shocked Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, we in prompted in the main by the recent into greater awareness of these problems the United States have been receiving a publication of a report titled "The Peo by the massive Northeast blackout of torrent of criticism from abroad over the ple Left Behind" by the President's Na November 1965 and there have been re racial pressures within the country. It tional Advisory Commission on Rural peated reminders since that time. would almost lead an observer to believe Poverty. The problem of power reliability is still we were the only land beset by such ten One of the recommendations of this waiting for a solution. The American sions or the only country where discrimi report is that the land development pro people depend heavily on electricity for nation was practiced. grams of the Bureau of Reclamation, the safety and convenience and we cannot The recent developments in Kenya and Soil Conservation Service and other Fed settle for less than the highest possible eral agencies be discontinued, and that standard of reliability. events that have followed clearly demon no more public money be invested in de Legislative solutions have been offered. strate that in comparison with the racial veloping privately owned farmland until H.R. 10721, introduced by the distin situation in Kenya, India, and Great the Nation needs more land for produc guished chairman of the House Inter Britain, the United States would draw an ing the desired output of food and fiber extremely higher mark of tolerance. A products. state and Foreign Commerce Committee, very succinct Chicago Tribune editorial the Honorable HARLEY o. STAGGERS, is on March 20 pointed this out. The edi I have been around here long enough one of the most important measures in torial follows: so that I am not easily startled by rec the President's consumer protection pro ommendations made in a great many of gram. MR. BHAGAT, MEET MR. BHAGAT the studies that come across our desks There have been constructive proposals One recent day, B. R. Bhagat, Indian min every day. But I must confess that I was ister of state for external affairs, announced shocked and dismayed find thait this in the area of electric power reliability that India was thinking of lodging a com to other than the administration measure. plaint with the United Nations against Brit recommendation-which goes to the very My colleagues, the gentleman from Cal ain for denying free admission to Indian heart of the Bureau of Reclamation and ifornia. [Mr. Moss] and the gentleman refugees from Kenya. the Department of Agriculture-was from New York [Mr. OTTINGER], have He said that the British law was a clear transmitted to the President through a sponsored bills differing from the admin violation of the commonwealth's professed committee which includes the Secretary istration measure which deserve the care ideal of racial equality, and that if Britain of Agriculture and the Secretary of In ful consideration of the committee and persists in its present course, "nothing can prevent the commonwealth's dissolution." He terior and apparently meets with their the House. even suggested that Britain could be forced concurrence. The bill introduced by our colleague, out of the commonwealth, like South Africa. In my judgment, this recommenda the gentleman from New York [Mr. OT On the same day the same gentleman an tion is a betrayal of the very people TINGER], contains detailed provisions re~ nounced that India would restrict the immi- whose interests the Departments of In- · March ·21, cc 19'68 EXTENSIONS' OF ·REMARKS . 7331· terior and · Agriculture are supposedly control at the expense of such ·"more National Visitors Center Act looking out for, and it indicates clearly relevant" purposes as municipal and in to me that the Departments are 1?eco:rµ• dustrial uses. If they had taken the trou ing so conscious of the political power in ble to check in the State of California HON. KE~NETH J. GRAY the urban areas thait they are neglecting one of the States where the terrible rec OF n.LINOIS the interests of their rural constituencies. lamation programs are so much in use IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Before I address myself to some of the they would have found that California - Thursday, March 21, 1968 law accords domestic and industrial use glaring deficiencies in the ~eport, which Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, President should have brought forth vigorous dis the highest priority. The Commission also says that the use Johnson signed into law last week, the sents from the Secretaries, I would like historic bill which will help visitors from to point out that increasing attention of scarce supplies of water for irrigating farms may sometimes deprive the locality home and abroad more fully enjoy-and is being paid to urban areas by the Sec appreciate-our Nation's Capital-the retary of Agriculture. He has set up a of water for a "higher value use," a state ment which demonstrates a total igno National Visitors Center Act of 1968. rural community development service Each year 15 million visitors--from all which is oriented not toward the farmer rance of the facts. The facts are that water which is captured by reclamation over America and from the distant cor but toward the smaller towns which dot ners of the globe--come to Washington, the North American landscape, and I am projects would, in almost all cases, be lost to use by running uncontrolled into the seat of our Republic. But they waste sure thalt there are a greait many other precious time, energy, and money, mak activities in his Department which are the ocean. The narrow, regional nature of the ing their way around a strange city, not city oriented to a greater or lesser de knowing what to see or where to see it. gree. report furthermore shows up in the f al lowing statement: The National Visitors Center bill will In the Department of Interior, I note establish a visitors center in Union Sta that the Bureau of Reclama,tion recently Studies estimate that accumulated public investment in federal reclamation projects tion and in the Capitol to serve as clear issued a report in which it called at In the Western States up to about 1956 has inghouses for tourists. Here visitors can tention to the increasingly important been responsible for displacing 5 percent of quickly and effortlessly get information role the Bureau was playing in the sup the farmworkers in the Southeast, the area. about our monuments, museums, and ply of water for domestic and industrial with the largest concentration of rural Government buildings--and secure low use. The Department has activities in poverty. cost public transportation to sites along volving water pollution and many other Cotton and vegetables produced on newly the Mall. subjects which are more nearly urban developed lands In the West compete directly This bill will encourage more Ameri oriented than rural oriented. In addi with the production of these crops in the Southeast. cans to visit their National Capital tion, it is participating in the develop Clearly, without this production on pub and-along with the President's plans to ment of a. nuclear powerplant which is licly subsidized Irrigated lands in the West, ease visa requirements and issue dis city oriented and which, hopefully, will much of the South could have stronger agri count hospitality cards--induce foreign lead to the development of new sources cultural and rural economies, with fewer visitors to come to America. This will be of water. poverty stricken people. of great benefit to our balance-of-pay I want to make it abundantly clear I submit that this kind of trash is ments problem. that I am in favor of these programs. I clearly reactionary and more suited to This act symbolizes, in President John think they are necessary and desirable. the thinking of the 18th century than the son's words, what we wish Washington But I had always assumed that even with 20th, and clearly unworthy of an ad to be for Americans and for citizens the these programs, the Department in ministration which prides itself on full world over-"a city of beauty and volved would not become so enamored opportunity for all our citizens. warmth and hospitality." of the city dweller that they would for The Commission wants to halt these Under unanimous consent I insert into get their overall responsibilities and as most worthwhile programs "until the Na the RECORD, the President's remarks up sent to a recommendation that some of · tion needs more land for producing the on signing the Naitional Visitors Center their primary functions be terminated. desired output of food and fiber pro Act of 1968 on Tuesday, March 12, 1968: There are a number of points I should ducts." At a time when a great many REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT AT THE NATIONAL like to make in connection with the Com authorities are fearing worldwide fam VISITORS CENTER BILL SIGNING, THE CABINET mission's report: ines within the next few years, and when ROOM, MARCH 12, 1968 Although it makes some far-reaching thousands of Americans are going to bed Secretary Udall, Sen.aitor Randolph, Con assertions about the West and presum hungry every night, I am surprised that gressman Gray, Members of Congress, In ably was charged with the responsibility this Commission did not address itself terested citizens, ladles and gentlemen: for inquiring into rural poverty all over Each year more than 10 m1111on people to the real problems facing agriculture visit this Nation's capital and some 2 mil the country, there is not one westerner on and the consumer: how best to increase lion come here to the White House. the Commission. our output and put our products within They arrive in a strange city. They have Although the Commission recom the reach of all who need them. This is to make their way through very unfamiliar mended the termination of the land de the real problem: distribution and mar streets. If they can find a lot to park their velopment program of the Bureau of keting. car in, they then must cope with the public Reclamation, which has been conducted Mr. Speaker, I fear that the apparent transportation system that has confused in the Western States, it found that the acquiescence of the Secretary of Agricul many a world traveler. in There ls no central clearing house where primary areas of rural poverty are the ture and the Secretary of the Interior in a visitor can gather information about our South and Southeast, which have not en this Commission's report to the Presi many monuments, museums and government joyed the benefits of these programs. dent indicates an inattention to an im bulldings. He must needlessly waste hours It apparently proposes to solve the portant segment of the American people deciding what to see and determining when problems of the poverty stricken in the which the Secretaries are supposed to be he can see it. South and Southeast by holding up the concerned with. If -their interests are The students and tourists are invited to development of the West--a narrow, re becoming so oriented toward the urban Washington and then told to go and fend gional concept which is foreign to every areas that they are unable to look out for themselves. It is as if we asked someone to come to our tenet of national policy espoused by both for the interests of the rural areas, then house and visit with us-and then told him political parties since the turn of the cen some reorganization of their Depart to go Into the kitchen and fix his own din tury. ments is clearly indicated. ner. Some of these backward-looking poli I think all of us would agree it would The bill that I am signing here will assure cies are more easy to understand when be the height of folly to permit the De that in the future our visitors to Washing you read some of the text of the report, partment of Labor to ignore its responsi ton will be given a proper welcome. which indicates a glaring lack of factual bilities to labor, and the Department of Under the National Visitors Center Facili information on which to base its con Commerce to ignore its responsibilities to ties Act of 1968: A visitor center will be. created in what is clusions. the business community. Neither can we now known as Union Station. A new rall For instance, the report says that wa permit Agriculture and Interior to ignore way passenger terminal will be built nearby. ter law has emphasized navigation, ir their responsibilities to their constitu A parking lot to hold 4,000 cars will be rigation, hydroelectric power, and :flood encies. bullt adjacent to the Union Station. 7332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March. 21, 19-68 Low-cost public transportation Will be that criminals would be discouraged from according to Gulfport Police Chief Rudolph available to take our visitors from the center engaging in certain types of criminal Roth. to points along the Mall and to the Capitol activity if there was an awareness on Customers screamed and dodged behind grounds. counters to get out of the line of fire as the There will be a Capitol Visitors Center, their part that innocent spectators could three man grappled. right in the Capitol Building, where you can reasonably be expected to come to the Finally, an unidentified man cracked a find out where to go, what time events take assistance of the victim. Mr. Proper's pop bottle over McCain's head, stunning him. place, and points of history about the build meritorious and brave actions in both Patrolman Bryson English arrived mo ing and about our Congress. You also will be thwarting the robbery and being re ments later in an unmarked police cruiser able to get books and pictures about the sponsible for the criminal's apprehension and arrested McCain. After treatment at Capitol. Palms, he was transferred to the Pinellas An advisory commission, chaired by the deserve the highest praise and sincerest County Jail at Clearwater. distinguished Secretary of the Interior, Will thanks by all. Proper last night was listed in fair con conduct a continuing review of the visitors' Following are newspaper reports of this dition at the hospital. problems and the visitors' need, so that we. incident as well as a letter to Mr. Proper, can keep our facilities up to date. MAN SHOT WHILE FOILING ROBBERY-SUSPECT . We are making a very special effort this from J. Edgar Hoover, commending his IN HOSPITAL ALso year to try to attract foreign visitors to our courageous actions: A customer, trying to foil a robbery, was country. - FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, shot by an already wounded man amid a We hope that the visa requirements for Washington, D.C., February 27, 1968. score of horrified shoppers at the Winn foreign tourists can be eased. Hospitality Mr. CHRISTOPHER M. PROPER, Dixie Store, 5015 Gulfport Blvd. S., about cards will be issued which will entitle for Palms of Pasadena Hospital, 6:40 last night. eigners to very special discounts at hotels St. Petersburg, Fla. Gulfport police Chief Rudolph Roth iden and government-operated facilities. I hope DEAR MR. PROPER: I have been advised of tified the wounded customer as Christop,her many restaurants and other fi:rms will Join your courageous actions on February 23rd in Proper, 21, 3201 58th St. S, Gulfport, a sales in this program. the capture of Robert Leon McCain, one of man for Gulf Life Insurance Co. Naturally, many of these foreign visitors the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives," and Arrested in the wild incident was Anthony are going to come here to our Capital, come I was indeed sorry to learn of your injuries. I to Washington. C. Taylor, no known address. trust you Will have a quick and complete "It was terrible I Everybody was scream I think it is all the more important now, recovery. when all Americans will be opening their ing and hollering and grabbing their kids!" My associates and I in the FBI wish to said: Joan Dopico, 17, of ~002 61st St. S. hearts and their homes to visitors from other commend you on your brave deed which She said she had just pulled up in front lands, that the Nation's Capital should pro serves as a splendid example of gOOd citi vide a very special welcome. of the store "when I heard a shot and saw zenship. a man struggling, like he wanted to get out For Americans and foreigners alike, we Sincerely yours, want Washington to symbolize the best of J. EDGAR HOOVER. of the store." our country-a city of beauty and warmth The store's Friday night shoppers "then started yelling to call the police," Miss Dopi and hospitality. MAN CAPTURED DURING HOLDUP ON FBI's LIST For the fact that the Congress has brought co said. "I guess someone did, but it took A man who wounded himself and a cus the police a long time to get there. The po me this legislation and for their presence here tomer in an attempt to rob a Gulfport super this morning, I express my appreciation. liceman drove up in his own car," she said. market Friday night was identified yesterday Roth said Proper was shot after he Jumped by police as Robert Leon McCain, 26, one of the gun-wielding bandit from behind and the FBI's "10 most wanted criminals." grappled with him. Citizen Hero Mike Proper Risks Life To A sharp-eyed policeman With a gOOd mem During the encounter near a row of cash ory started the process which led to McCain's registers, Roth said the robber apparently Help Apprehend One of FBl's 10 Most identification. accidentally shot himself in the left knee "I thought he looked familiar to me," said and the same bullet hit Proper in the right _ Wanted Men Gulfport police Sgt. Herman Golliner to his thigh. Police said the man fl.red again and partner, Patrolman Bryson English. hit Proper in the right hip. English said Golliner started "going Police said Taylor told them he'd been HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER through our file of FBI wanted fliers and living out of his car. OF FLORIDA found one on McCain." Golliner recently was Both Proper and Taylor were admitted in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES graduated from the FBI National Academy fair condition to Palms of Pasadena Hospital at Quantico, Va. for treatment. Thursday, March 21, 1968 McCain, who told police at Palms of Pasa There were about 25 customers about the dena Hospital his name was "Anthony C. Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, news store's half-dozen checkout counters when · Taylor," is wanted by the FBI for the robbery a man entered the store and approached a papers throughout the country have re la.st Aug. 8, of the InwOOd National Bank a.t ported rather consistently incidences of Dallas, Tex., and for the murder of a bank glass-enclosed office in which store Manager crime being perpetrated while citizens Milburn W. Gallaher, 46, of 7201 Lynnwood customer. Ave. N, was working. merely stand by and observe rather than The FBI said McCain was involved in "re Roth said the man climbed an adjacent come to the aid of the victim. This de portedly hundreds of armed robberies in the counter and Jumped into Gallaher's enclo sire to not get involved has seriously Texas area since 1964." sure. hampered police efforts aimed at appre A federal warrant was issued for McCain on Oct. 11, 1967 charging him with bank Gallaher related he "heard a noise," looked hending criminals and at the same time robbery. up and saw a man standing there with a .38 has encouraged criminals to take chances The FBI said the man who robbed the In caliber revolver in his hand. in anticipation of noninvolvement by wood bank wore a rubber Halloween mask "Get the money out of the till," Gallaher passers-by or spectators. and carried a blue-steel revolver. He forced a quoted the bandit as saying, at which time bank teller to stuff $15,000 into a bag, but Gallaher ran out of the ofll.ce and slammed It therefore came as a ray of light in the door. what has otherwise been a cloud of dis as the bandit fled, the bag split open and t.ne bills scattered. About the same time, the FBI The man was right behind him, Roth said, pair to discover that a young man in my said, a customer lunged at the bandit and and Gallaher stopped at the first cash regis district had no hesitation in getting in managed to tear his mask off before the gun ter, scooped the money into a small bag volved. The young man is Christopher man whirled and shot him to death. and gave it to him. It reportedly contained "Mike" Proper, 21, an insurance sales In Friday night's robbery attempt, Chris about $300, police said. man and ex-marine who stopped an topher Proper, 21, an insurance salesman and "Get the next one," Gallaher said the rob ber ordered. armed robbery at a supermarket in St. customer, was shot in the hip and thigh by a man attempting to hold up Milburn W. "He apparently turned his back," Roth Petersburg recently. Not only was he able said, "and Proper was standing just a few to stop the robbery, but he was responsi Gallaher, 46, the manager of the Winn-Dixie Store at 5015 Gulfport Blvd. S. feet away from him when he jumped him ble for the apprehension of the felon who Proper grabbed the man, police said, as from behind and pinned his arms to his turned out to be on the FBI's list of the about 25 other customers mingled near the sides." 10 most wanted fugitives. store's half-dozen checkout counters, and Gallaher Jumped into the struggle, Roth In the process, Mr. Proper was shot pinned his arms to his sides. said, and the gun fired, hitting both Taylor twice in the leg and I am happy to report During the struggle, the man managed to and Proper. that he is rapidly recovering. fire his .38 caliber revolver and the bullet Moments later it fired again, the bullet passed through Proper's hip. striking Proper in the hip. Such heroism stands out and should But Proper held on, and Gallaher jumped Customers scrambled toward the store's be applauded by all Americans concerned into the struggle as the gun fired a second exits and behind counters to keep out of with the alarming increase of crime in time. This time the bullet passed through the line of fire as the three men struggled America today. I have long maintained McCain's left knee and Proper's right thigh, together. March 21, 1968. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS _ 7333 Finally, an unidentified man rushed up, pistol anu. fired between his legs at Proper. mount, victory seems more remote and with Roth said, "and cracked the gunman over One bullet hit Proper in the right leg as drawal less possible. the head with a pop bottle, and that took the man fired Wildly. From official after official a reporter hears the fight out of him." The second shot missed but the third the same story. It's a lousy policy and we bullet hit the gunman in the left knee and never should have been here in the first HE "GETS INVOLVED"; LANDS IN HOSPITAL the same bullet ricocheted into Proper's right place. But here we are. Because he wanted to get involved, Chris thigh. The reasons why we cannot get out are toper "Mike" Proper was shot twice, slugged Proper wrestled the man to the floor. An varied, but most center on how a withdrawal on the head with a pop bottle and can look unidentified bystander picked up a pop bot would look to the eyes of the world. "Can forward to the next two to four months tle and swung it at the gunman but hit you imagine," asked one province senior ad on crutches. Proper in the forehead. visor, "what would happen to the image of Proper is the 21-year-old Gulfport man The man swung the bottle again and broke the United States if it got itself kicked out who tackled a gunman who was in the proc it over the gunman's head. The robber strug of a 10th rate country by an army of sam-. ess of robbing a Winn-Dixie Super Market gled free and took two steps toward the pans?" in Gulfport last Friday night. The bandit door but fell and was not able to get up. Other officials talk about a legitimate turned out to be on the FBl's "most wanted" While the gunman was trying to get away, United States interest in this part of the list. an employe of the store grabbed a fire ax world. In a modified domino theory, they Arrested on charges of aggravated assault and was ready to hit the gunman with it. claim that if the United States were to with and armed robbery in connection with the The man who swung the pop bottle was draw, Communist China would take over incident was Anthony C. Taylor, 26. The FBI described as "elderly" and left the store as economic control of all of Southeast Asia. soon as the police arrived. He and the em It is very much in the interests of the later said "Taylor" actually was Robert Leon ploye who grabbed the ax were not identified. McClain, 26, wanted for several armed rob United States and the Soviet Union, they Gulfport police were called at 6: 45 and ar if beries in the Texas area since 1964. say, to keep that from happening. For rived at the store within two minutes. An China ls to become a major industrial power, Proper, an ex-Marine and an insurance early report said the Gulfport policemen ar she desperately needs the resources she can salesman was in the store with his wife, rived in their own cars, but the officers drove get in Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand. And Paula, when he saw McClain holding a gun an unmarked car to the robbery. if the United States withdraws, she will get on a store official. Proper is in Palms of Pasadena Hospital those resources. Proper jumped on the gunman's back. In this morning. Taylor was treated and then For el ther of these reasons, and some the struggle, McClain shot Proper in the hip. taken to the Pinellas County Jail. variations on them, withdrawal is not con A second shot struck Proper in the thigh A graduate of Bishop Barry High School, sidered a real possibility. and the same bullet struck McClain in the But at the same time, there is yet to be thigh. Proper was married in January. He attended St. Petersburg Junior College and Saint Leo anyone, civilian or military, who has sug Another bystander grabbed a pop bottle College in Tampa and then joined the U.S. gested any plan by which the war can be and tried to hit McClain. He hit Proper in Marines. After being injured, he was dis concluded, short of bombing all CY! Vietnam stead. He lowered the bottle again and hit charged and returned to St. Petersburg. He into oblivion. McClain. works for Gulf Life Insurance Co. And it ls this dichotomy which has created The store manager, Milburn W. Gallagher, the American dilemma, a purgatory from 46, jumped into the fight. McClain broke which there is seemingly no escape. loose, but the thigh wound kept him from All of which ls not to say . that there are going far. no plans being considered. The establish A Gulfport policeman, Sgt. Herman W. Gol Student Reporters in Vietnam-VI ment of a new chain of command in I Corps, liner, thought Taylor looked fammar so he the northern part of the country, was done began going through FBI circulars. He rec "to allow greater flexibility among the com ognized Taylor as McClain and called the HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL bat troops in that area," according to one FBI. McClain and Proper are in Palms of OF NEW YORK spokesman. Pasadena Hospital. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And informed sources say that there are Proper's father, Charles of St. Petersburg, a number of very radical reorganization pro said the wounds "tore up his leg muscles." Thursday, March 21, 1968 grams currently under study in MACV head He said his son will be in the hospital a Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, again quarters. But no one seriously offers the week or so and on crutches for two to four it is my privilege to insert in the CoN prediction that any or all of these shifts months. would affect the choices facing the American You must be proud of your son, Proper GRESSION AL RECORD two cogent news dis high command here or in Washington. was asked. "You better believe I am," he patches from Vietnam written by an en But that something has got to be done no replied. terprising reporter from the Queens Col one here denies. Even general officers are lege, Phoenix. now conceding privately that the "war of HERO IN RoBBERY IN Goon CONDITION attrition" policy has simply not worked and The reports of Lee Dembart and Ralph wm not work. But they are at a loss for Christopher "Mike" Proper, 21, is in good Paladino have been consistently inform offering a policy that wm. condition this morning after being shot twice There is growlng support for what has yesterday while fo111ng an attempted armed ative and this Phoenix project reflects admirably on that college newspaper, on come to be called the Everett Martin policy, robbery. after the former Newsweek bureau chief who An insurance salesman and ex-Marine, Queens College, and on the general level first suggested 1t and got himself thrown out Proper, of 3201 58th St. S in Gulfport, was of student interest in that conflict. of the country in the bargain. shot when he stopped a robbery at the Winn The following inserts that follow are Under this plan, the Americans would· Dixle Supermarket, 5015 Gulfport Blvd. s. simply stop paying lip service to the myth of about 6:40 last night. by Mr. Dembart. His most recent reparts from Danang and Saigon are incisive a sovereign South Vietnamese government, Arrested in connection with the shooting pack Thieu and Ky off to Switzerland, and was Anthony C. Taylor, 26, who "lives out of comments on the hopelessness and dis then take over the whole show themselves. A his car," according to Gulfport police. illusionment now endemic throughout memorandum, now being circulated private Taylor, who accidentally shot himself dur the American community in Vietnam. ly through MACV headquarters, outlines ing the scuffle with Proper, is charged with The articles follow: such a course of action in detail. aggravated assault and attempted armed rob But there is little chance that such a bery. He is being held in lieu of bonds to (By Lee Dembart) maneuver would be attempted. Despite a taling $5,000. SAIGON.-There ls a growing feeling of general feeling among the American mm Police said Proper and his wife, Paula, were hopefulness about this war in the official tary that the Vietnamese just get in the shopping at the store when a man pulled a American community in Vietnam. way, they are always quick to point out that gun on the store manager, Milburn W. Gal The feeling has not yet reached the top, our reason for being here ls to establish a laher, 46, of 7201 Lynnwood Ave. N. where Ambassador Bunker and General democratic Vietnam. The gunman ordered Gallaher to empty the Westmoreland are still talking about the At this point knowledgeable American offi store's cash registers and then stuck his .38 tremendous American victory during Tet, cials have even given up on the idea of caliber pistol back into his pants. but it is quickly approaching the upper choosing the best of all the bad alternatives Proper and about 25 shoppers were in the echelons of officialdom. and following it to its bitter end. store at the time. Pessimism would be the wrong word. Peo Now, they say, almost as if the whole mis Gallaher took the bag with about $300 in ple do not believe that the United States adventure had been planned by a sinister it from the first register and the gunman is about to lose the war or that the Vietcong -Ian Fleming, every one of the alternatives ordered him to empty the rest of the cash is on the verge of overrunning the country. is not only equally bad but also unthinkable. registers. But people, some in very important posi And that includes the alternative of doing Proper last night told his father, Charles tions, are saying that we are hopelessly en nothing at all. Proper, of 1014 18th Ave N, that he slipped meshed in a war .which we cannot win and What is most interesting is that this up behind the gunman and pinned his arms. which we cannot afford to lose. feeling of hopelessness and despair is not a But the gunman was able to pull the And week after week, as casualty :figures direct product of the Tet offensive. 7334 -EXTENSIONS OF :REMARKS. March,. 21, 1968 - In .many _cases .:the Vietcong thrusts cata-. mattress and L was welcome to spread it out Municipalities not- shown do not report lyzed what officials knew but had been hiding, on the floor. I did. and are included in the Township totals. from themselves. In. other cases the morass The next morning I le!t for Hue, and Elll~ Adjustments. made for annexations. into which our policy was leading us had. son stayed on in Danang, waiting !or his turn Methodology: We mainUl.in a current in made itself clear long before. to go back to Khe Sanh. ventory of the existing dwelUng units from But a reporter is hard pressed to find one He got the chance two days later on a C-123, month to month by means of reports received omcial who will candidly admit that .he was the two-engine transport/cargo plane. that from each of the permit issuing agencies in completely shocked by what the Vietcong has become the workhorse of the Khe Banh Franklin County. These reports enable us to were able to do "in their last gasp." run. He never made it. produce a current figure of the total number The. glowing statistics and optimistic pre . Eight miles west of the embattled Marine of dwelling units in the City, County and dictions may have misled official Washing outpost the plane was shot down, Ellison and Suburbs. Reports of demolitions and conver ton, but there apparently were a sizeable 48 others plunging to their deaths. sions are also included. The Columbus data number of people here who have known for There are undoubtedly hundreds of thou is catalogued by census tract areas. The the past year that things were not going our sands of such stories in every war. But the number of persons per household, by census way and were not likely to. first time it happens to you it brings with it tract, as was given in the 1960 census, is While pressure from the top persuaded a nauseating freshness that suddenly makes incorporated into these figures. An estimate many to tell the "positive story" of bridges you understand the horror of 600 Americans of vacancies 1s made after consultation with built, roads opened, and hamlets coming and countless Vietnamese being kllled here realtors and builders. In this case, we used under government control, others were un every week. an across-the-board estimate of 3.5 % vacant. able to hide from themselves the fact that It once again drives home the difference By these means we have an estimate of the far from being wiped out, the Vietcong were between the proposition "All men are mortal" total population for each small political sub increasing in number, strength, and infi.u and the proposition "I am going to die." division and by census tract. These are then enc,. added to give us the total estimate. Special Now all of what has happened in the past reports give us the population for each of the year ts becoming increasingly clear, so much State institutions, including the Ohio State so that the American Embassy is finding it University. necessary to hold up the release of some of Statement by the Honorable Chalmers P. the material about the Tet offensive that it ls Wylie With Regard to Congressional just now trickling ·in from the provinces. Civil Rights Legislation The Hamlet Evaluation System figures, Redistricting in State of Ohio which as late as January 31 showed nearly 70 per cent of the country's population under HON. THOMAS M. PELLY government control, have still not been re HON. CHALMERS P. WYLIE leased for February. Nor, say knowledgeable OF omo OF WASHINGTON sources, is there any likelihood that they will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be made public in the near future. Thursday, March 21, 1968 As all of the evidence mounts and the Thursday,_ March 21, 1968 various alternatives and suggestions are con Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, clear evi Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I am receiv sidered and rejected, Americans here are dence supporting the Position which ing considerable mail from my constitu realizing that we are not about to turn the ents urging me to vote either for, or by corner, that if there ts a light at the end many of us took on H.R. 2508 which of the tunnel the United States has yet to would have deferred congressional redis others to vote against the Senate-passed get on the right road. tricting in Ohio and some other States civil rights bill. One talks to officials who bemoan the pres until a new census would be available In the meanwhile, I have been trying ent U.S. situation here and asks them at after 1970 is presented herewith. The re to do my homework and to determine what point a different course could have been cent decision of the Supreme Court strik actually what this bill would do and charted. Could we have done anything dif ing down the congressional redistricting whether its . many. involved provisions ferent in 1965, when combat troops were first deserve support. sent here in large numbers? in Ohio has obviously created a situation Or what about 1961, when the advisers in which the so-called one-man, one-vote 'Title I of the bill contains a somewhat made their first appearance on the scene? doctrine, as announced in the case of differept version of the House passed Or 1956, when Eisenhower and Dulles pro Wesbury against Sanders, cannot be fol antiriot bill. I voted for that legislation, hibited the elections that had been man lowed. and I think it is needed and so this part dated by the Geneva accords? · Using Columbus Area Chamber of of the bill will have my support. Or 1954, when the U.S. installed Ngo Dinh Titles II through VII are concerned Diem? Or 1947, when we began supplying Commerce figures, the 12th District in 80 per cent of the materiel that the French Ohio and the 15th District in Ohio each with the rights of Indians. There have used in the Indochina War? now have a population in excess of 550,- been no hearings in the House commit At every stage the answer is the same. 000. Yet, the recent redistricting proposal tee on these provisions. The Justice De Nothing could have been done differently. which was affirmed by the Federal dis partment is said to oppose them and What we did was always what we should trict court establishes the population since they violate many traditional In-_ have done, based on our knowledge at the figure of these two districts at 400,176 for dian tribal customs, I understand many time and our projections for the future. the 12th District and 400,607 for the 15th Indian tribes oppose them. And now we awaken in March of 1968, I have no Indian tribes in my congres hundreds of bilUons of dollars and almost J;)istrict. Is this one man, one vote? 20,000 men later, and we are at a loss for The information referred to follows: sional district, nor have I heard from any expressing support or opposition. suggesting any reasonable course of action ESTIMATED POPULATION CHANGES IN .FRANKLIN COUNTY either for ending the war or winning it. · BY POLITICAL SUBDIVISJON FROM APR. I, 1960, CENSUS Frankly, I think these titles should have TO JAN. 1, 1968 had hearings and it seems highly advis (By Lee Dembart) able to have a conference between the I arrived in Danang two Sunday nights ago House and Senate to scrutinize and Census, Jan. 1, Percent about 8 o'clock. There was no room at the 1960 1968 change screen them. The House has passed no press center, so I decided to check into a comparable legislation, and with all the hotel downtown after getting a quick bite to Total, Franklin County_ 682, 962 865, 805 +26.8 differences throughout the Senate-passed eat. bill I would hope the bill can be sent to In the dining room there was a young guy Total, municipalities ______586, 999 741, 228 +26.3 who looked like he didn't know anybody but conference. I intend to so vote if I get wanted company for dinner. I was in the Columbus ______----- 471, 316 581, 883 +23.5 the chance, but unfortunately the Demo Bexley ______------14, 319 14, 710 +2.7 cratic leadership wants the House to take same predicament. We started to talk. Gahanna ____ •..• __ ---·_ 2, 717 10, 203 +275.5 His name was Bob Ellison and he was a Grandview Heights ______8, 270 8,833 +6.8 the Senate-passed bill as passed. They photographer and he had Just come back Grove City ______8, 107 . 14, 425 +77.9 do not want chani:res or the House to from Khe Sanh and was planning to go in Groveport _____ ------2, 043 2, 204 +7.9 Hilliard __ __• __ •• ______5,633 6,861 +21.8 have an opportunity to work its will. again. Marble Cliff ______622 701 +12. 7 Title VIII, the open housing provision, Our dinner dragged out and we had a few Reynoldsburg __ ------7, 793 11, 751 +so.s drinks and talked about the war, the States, Riverlea ______------625 659 +5.4 of course, is the reason for the contro Upper Arlington ______28,486 36,984 +29.8 versy over this legislation. politics, Vice President Ky, and Khe Sanh. Westerville ____ ------7,0ll 10, 366 +47.9 By the time we got up from the table it Whitehall ___ •• ____ ----- 20, 818 27, 782 +33.5 Under the bill certain discrimination was midnight and I was stranded without Worthington ______9,239 13, 866 +50.1 is permitted. For example, the single any place to stay and with no means of get total, townships ______95,963 124,577 +29.8 family homeowner can discriminate: ting to a hotel. Ellison told me he had an air flrst, if he owns three or fewer single- March · !1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF ·REMARKS 7335 family houseS; seoond, if be sells no heen referred to the House -Omnmittee on by giving ghetto r,esidents the hope and more than one home in any 2--year Judiciary .to examine in depth the -exist o-ppe>rtl.lllityto ioo.d productive, meaning period; third, if be sells without the ing differenoes. ful lives within. the mainstream of Amer services of a broker; or fourth, if he - But, as I -said, I would -vote to 'Send it ican society. ·r insert in tbe RECORD this sells without any discriminating adver- to conference where the senlor members account of a great national business orga tising. · of the House and Senate Committees on nization's dedication to the cause of cor The other ar.ea where discrimination Judiciary could .do this. To do otherwise recting the ills and inequities which now 1s permitted concerns dwellings occupied is to abdicate Members' rights a:nd duties fester in our great urban .centers: by no more than four families living in to scrutinize a very far-reaching piece of PRUDENTIAL PLUNGES IN: "l'N'SURANCE G'IANT TO dependently of each other, if the owner legislation. Am NEWARK NEGROES l'.N UPLIFTING THE occupies one of such living quarters. GH~PRUDENTI:AL .ALLOCATES LoANS, Llkewise, discrimination 1s permitted MEETS WITH RADICAL BLACKS, Wo:RKS in the final stage of the bill in connec Prudential Insurance Co. Committed t-o QUYETLT AT CITY HALL--NEGJtO POLH'ICIAN; ·"IT'-s PR" tion with religious institutions and the Effort To Save Our Cities private clubs. (By John F. Lyons) NEWARK, N.J.-A storefront rehabllltatlon The Senate bill on the other hand for center for narcotics addlcts operated ln 'the bids banks, and so forth from discrim HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. Newark ghetto by George "Specs" Hicks, a inating on the basis of Tace; color, and OF NEW J:EBSEY Negro and :rormel' .addict~ has a surprlsi~ so forth, in financing housing and for IN THE HOUSE QF REPRESENTATIVES prospective backer-the giant Prudential bids discrlmina.tion in 'brokerage serv Insurance Co. ices. 'Thursday., March 21, 1968 "They tried to tell us dope fiends here 1n As t.o enforcement provisions, any Mr. RODINO. . Mr. Speaker, the need the ghetto to pull ourselves up by the boot offended party may file a complaint with for solutions to the crttical and complex straps. but they never -realize we ain"'t got no bootstraps/' says Mr. Hicks, peering in Secretary the of Housing and Urban problems of our elties and the di-sadvan tensely through llis thick dark glasses. "'Now Development who has authority only to taged citizens who live in their ghettos they got tlle message, and I bel1eve those cats work out programs-of voluntary com confronts us with a difficult, massive un downtown are gonna help us." pliance. .But if this 1s unsuccessful the dertaking. It is evidenrt that the partici For the "cats downtown,'' the managers of offended party may go into a Federal patlon and help of private enterprise is the world'.s biggest insurance company, such district .court to seek an injunction or vitally and urgently needed The Piesi a commitment would .have been unthinkable other court order. The oourt ma-y award dent•s establishment of a National Alli ~ yea.r ago. But then came the -rioting last to the 'Plaintiff actual damages and not ance of Businessmen, to work toward the J'uly 'that took 23 lives, 1aid waste dozens of blo!:ks and caused $8 million 1n damage. more than $1,000 punitive damages to goal of putting 500,000 hard-core unem Lately, company Cadlllacs .ha-ve been 'ferry gether with court costs and reasonable ployed to work by June of 1971, 1s clear ing Pru executives to ghetto meetings with att.oniey fees. The complainant-plain recognition of the crucial role of J)r:ivate black leaders. and the insurance men a.re ttfl'-has tbe burden of establishing industry in our efforts to rebuild our beg1nnlng to sound a bit 11J~e Mr. Hicks. proof of discrimination, and 1t is to be cities and lift men from poverty. "We toured the ghetto the morning after noted th.at there .a:re no Federal crimi The 1nsurance industry in particular the riots, and when we saw those people nal penalties for violation of the law~ has enormous resources and leverage for lined up for food I guess we knew we had As to constitutionality, I lnight say neglected our responsibilities, .. sa.-ys one ex dealing with ghetto problems. Last Sep., ecutive. So Prud-enti-al, which began ln a that a majority of the Supreme Court of tember, in what President Johnson called small basement office -almost a century a.go, the United states ln the case of United "a historic contribution to our country," is p1unging into the problems of its home States against Herbert Guest, decided the industry agreed to invest a total of town ghetto and, to a lesser extent, those March 28, 1966, .stated that section 5 of $1 billion in the ghettos. It is a special of other cities where it does busineSB. the 14th amendment :empowers Congress pride to me that the Prudential Insurance A .NEW OUTLOOK to enact laws which reach prlvate dis Oo., the world's largest insurance com Since ia-st summel', th.e company .hl;'S com crlmlnation. nus Senate c1vll rights bfil pany, whieh has its headquarters in mitted more tha.n $85- million in ghetto looks to this section 5 of the H:th amend Newark, has moved swiftly and effective ~ns--loans it wouldn't have made a. year ment. ly in response to this call for action. ago. Hirin-g policies are bein-g revamped to Therefore, I eonclude the bill is mn Prudential's share of the total $1 billion attr.aet m-inority group members. Th-e com stitutional and while I would like to see to be provided by the insurance industry pany's vast .financial expertise is aiding it perfected .in a Senate-HOOEe eonfer 1s $157 million, and the company has al ghetto enterprises. Most important, and most difficult, Pru is embarking on an eff-ort to ence, or 1n committee, or by amendment ready committed more than $85 mllllon communicate with ghetto .militants a.t the in the House, I think if I hav.e no alter in ghetto loans for projects in various grass roots level. native .I will support the bill. But .first if States. other insurance companies are .Pitching 'in possible .I will support a motion to .send I am particularly pleased that Pru elsewhere,, amid belated acknowledgement it to conference. dential .is concentrating its efforts in th.at the industry has enormous r,esourees Incidentally, I failed to _mention :a new Newark. Under the leadership of Orville and leverage for dealing with ghetto prob title making teaching or demonstrating Beal, president of Prudential and also lems. President Johnson announced la.st the use o1 firearms or explosives or in September "a historic contribution to our chairman of the Newark branch of the country''-an agreement by U.S. insurance cendiaries a -crime. Also transporting or National Alliance of Businessmen, and companies to invest a. total of $1 billion in manufacturing them for interstate ship Donald MacNaughton, executive vice the ghettos. _ ment if you have reason to know such president of Prudenrtial, the company 1s For Newark, it is none too soon. With a device will be unlawfully used .in a civil providing far more than financial re population of 402,000 persons, 52 % of them disorder. sources. Its officials .are using their Negro, New Jersey's biggest city h-a.s the na Also, it would be a crime to obstruct a knowledge and skills in 1aw, personnel, tion's highest crime and maternal mortality law enforcement officer or fireman from public relations, and governmental af rates, and l.1.5% ,of its Negroes are unem performing his lawful duties. fairs to undertake an enlightened and re ployed ~-against an overall national unem Finally, let me clearly state ·my strong ployment:rate of about 3.7%). The hostilities sponsible personal involvement in· the evident 1n last July's rioting may have grown objection to the procedure proposed by lives of ghetto residents. They are en rather than diminished. "The distance be the leadership. deavoring to communicate with ghetto tween whl.te and black is gvowing . .. . dis The ranking Republican on the Judi residents in building a "bridge of trust," trust and anger are risin,g on ooth sides," a. ciary Committee provided Members with and Prudential executives are available, special state commission established by New a comparison of the Senate- and House
Perhaps there is -encouragement in the I Corporal Roainson joined the Marine· casualties running between 300 and 500 New Hampshire Presidential Primary, encour- . Gorps p_n April i1~ 1966. Hi$ IIJ.Other said her killed in action per week, our men should agement to believe that more -citizens see son had initially intended to come home on. be protected rather than exposed by in their duty to freedom than do not. leave March '/, but his plans were changed How do we find enco.uragement in that w.hen his unit was assigned to a mission near discriminate and questionable reporting. recent event when the chatter is that the KheSanh. I have asked Defense Secretary Clifford doves won the day? Surviving are six sistersi Mrs. Mary C. Pat to conduct an inquiry into this appar~nt . Take a look with us. terson, Mrs. Carolyn Ann Thompson, Miss: breach of security. President Johnson-no matter how close Thelma Ann Robinson, Miss Lucille Marie The two articles are included at this the -vote-did win the contest against the Robinson, Miss Geneva Robinson and Miss point in the RECORD: Democrat who just plain wants to stop the Jane Robinson, and three brothers, Louis, [From the New York Times, Mar. 21, 1968] war even if the Viet Cong keep waging it. James W. and Franklin D. Robinson. And former Vice President Nixon won the WESTMORELAND PREDICTED BIG 1968 GAINS IN contest on the Republican side while, most VIETNAM of the time, standing firm on the proved ( By Nell Sheehan) proposition that if you refuse to send the The New York Times and Military WASHINGTON, March 20.-In -a year-end re engine to the little fires then an uncontrol port submitted 29 days before the Commu lable conflagration could result. Security nist offensive against South Vietnam's cities Take Johnson's 26 thousand. Add to that and major towns, Gen. William C. West Nixon's 86 thousand. That gives a total of moreland predicted that the allied war gains 111 thousand. Put McCarthy's 22 thousand HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK of last year would be increased manyfold in against that and you find substantial en OJ' OHIO 1968. couragement to believe that our people have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The American military commander in not yet been misled, that they have not yet South Vietnam sent his report to Washington been persuaded to forsake their motto of Thursday, March 21, 1968 on Jan. 1. Excerpts from the classified docu "Live Free or Die." ment have been obtained by The New York Yet the emphasis put on the New Hamp Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, we re Times. shire Primary results by these people who cently read that the Vietcong receive in They make clear that not only was the use television and radio and the press to in formation 24 hours in advance regarding offensive unexpected but that also United fluence international as well as national air raids on the north. Judging by the States military planning did not envision the thinking was upon the Democratic fight be type of information which has been car possibility of a setback on the scale of that tween Johnson and McCarthy. ried recently in the New York Times, I inflicted by the enemy attacks at Tet, the The emphasis should be upon the truth would imagine it would come from them Lunar N~w Year holiday. that in New Hampshire the Democrats are a CONFIDENCE WAS VOICED minority of .the total voting population and if they had the same type of informa it was only a minority which said to forsake tion on radio and TV that they have in "Through careful exploitation of the the cause of liberty in Southeast Asia, and their newspapers. Today, as in the past, enemy's vulnerability and application of our they refer to classified military infor superior firepower and mobility," General that the war there has no relationship to Westmoreland said, "we should expect our the security of the United States in the years mation. Where are they getting this in to come. gains of 1967 to be increased manyfold in _ formation? Who is leaking it? 1968." , The young people of the 1930s heard the In the February 22, 1968, New York He asserted that "the enemy did not win a doves of that day weeping for them and the Times their front page story had about as major battle in Vietnam in 1967," and that country and crying out that the march of the United States forces there had been able - Hitler into Austria and Poland and the low much detailed .information on the de fense of ·Khe Sanh as an enemy could to "detect impending major offensives and countries was none of theirs or America's to mount spoiling attacks." · · business. The country believed it for too want. It even points out which sides of · The surprise the Communists achieved i~ long and until it was almost too late. And our defense are weak and logistic infor the coordinated assaults on the population if America had not gone to the defense of mation that is fantastically useful to an centers on Jan. 30, however, has since been freedom against Hitler then the madman enemy. If I were a GI in Khe Sanh and attributed by one senior Administration · would have won the war. And that would read in the New York Times that the official to "a massive failure of intelligence." have been learning the truth the hard way, In outlining his objectives in South Viet- . wouldn't it? "trenches are not deep enough, that there are not enough mines and barbed nam for 1968, General Westmoreland gave So we ask this question: don't you suppose what amounted to a definition oi Adminis Adolph smiles these days when he hears well wire on the perimeter and that, above tration goals. ~ intentioned Americans saying that Vietnam all, the bunkers do not have enough His first objective, he said, was to "search and the east is no business of ours? overhead protection," I might start won out and destroy Communist forces and in- . Our young people should be taught that, dering. frastructure in South Vietnam by offensive unhappy and bitter as the· sacrifices may be When did we start telling General military operations." today, the delay of service until the tomor His second objective, he said, was to "ex- . rows could be fatal for their generation, and Giap the details of our defenses and its weaknesses? They even point put in this tend the secure areas of South Vietnam by for freedom. coordinated civll-Inilitary operations and article which sides of the defense at assist the GVN [Government of. South. Viet Khe Sanh are weak. This is without par nam J in building an independent, viable allel. non-Communist society." Baltimore Marine Dies Near Khe Sanh · Today, the New York Times exposes to "It is intended to keep the enemy in South the public, documents it admits are secret Vietnam constantly on the move and deny which were transmitted from General him the opportunity to refit, resupply, rest HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Westmoreland to Washington on Jan or retrain incountry," he explained. OF MARYLAND The general predicted that casualties in uary 1. The quote in the article by Nell the Vietcong and the main North Vietnamese IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sheehan, again a front page article, units, the "destruction and neutralization" Thursday, March 21, 1968 clearly states: o! enemy bases in S-outh Vietnam and the Excerpts from the classified document have continuous air and naval bomoordment of Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, been obtained by the New York Times. enemy headquarters directing combat opera Cpl. Samuel P. Robinson, a young marine tions "should force him to place greater from Baltimore, was killed recently in Is there a breach of security? Is there reliance on sanctuaries in Cambodia, Laos Vietnam. I wish to commend his bravery· a systematic leak in the Pentagon which and the northern DMZ," the demilitarized and honor his memory by including the can be systematically used to undermine wne at the border between North Vietnam following article in the RECORD: the military commanders in Vietnam? and South Vietnam. CITY MARINE DIES IN PLANE DowNED NEAR Above all, why would the New York This prediction apparently reflected the KHE SANH Times continually report classified mate- belief e:x;pressed by General Westmoreland during his visit to the United States in No A 20-yea.r-old Baltimore marine was killed rial which can be of aid to no one, it vember that allied mmtary pressure was near Khe Banh when enemy machine-gun fire would seem, except the enemy? forcing the enemy away !rom the population forced down ..a C-123 transport in which he Mr. Speaker, ·1 feel there should be a Ctlnters and denying the enemy the ab.ility to and 48 other Americans died, the Defense.De- high-level inquiry into these and other mount major attacks from . bas·es within partment announced yesterd!tY· ' news repcirts which show, in addition to South Vietnam. He was. Cpl., samuel P .. ac>binson, son ot· liad J"udgment, some· 1eaks in classified . The enemy, he asserted, was beming in-. Mr_ and Mrs. Samuel P. Roane, of 1110 Home-' creasingly confined to staging "frontier woad avenue. He had been bi Vietnam since information rega:r;-ding the military deci battles" from bsses across the borders or August. stons being made in Vietnam. With our Cam.bodla, Laos and North Vietiaam. CXIV--463-Part 6 7344· EXTENSIONS ·op REMARKS March 21, 1968 CONCLUSION IS REVERSED marines worked steadily in a. knee-deep Some Army officers say, on the other hand, American intelligence specialists .have trench, trying to dig it deep enough to pro that many marines think it demeaning to since concluded, however, that the assaults tect them. dig, look upon themselves as offensive shock on the cities and towns were mounted from (The Army's First Cavalry Division (Air· troops and do not think in terxns of de bases within South Vietnam. Preparations mobile) , widely viewed as a. possible rein fensive fortifications. for the offensive involved massing as many · forcing unit for Khesanh, has faced a short "Look at the Marine camp at Conthien," as 60,000 troops and stocking hundreds of age of manpower, supplies and helicopters. an Army officer said. "The marines didn't tons of munitions. Its commander has said, "I hope for the time really start digging there until the shells General Westmoreland also said that as a being we don't have to go to Khesanh."] starting falling." result of allied military action and the pacifi Even the most confident marines at the Marines reply that the weaknesses in their cation effort, the destruction of the political Khesanh camp, situated in the northwest defenses can be overdramatlzed, and that and administrative structure of the Vietcong corner of South Vietnam, are not boasting they have firepower, plus air support, capa guerrillas in South Vietnam "is expected to about their defenses as they steel them ble of stopping waves of enemy soldiers and gain considerable headway during the next selves against a. possible enemy attack that tanks. six months." could result in the largest battle of the war. "We've been told to hold this camp, and "Impact on the enemy should be increased And there is quiet talk among military we'll hold it-we have plenty of weapons and casualties, desertions, sickness and lowered men, both in and out of the camp, that the ammunition," said Col. David E. Lownds, morale," he said. "His in-country recruiting trenches are not deep enough, that there are the camp commander. potential will be reduced by acceleration of not enough mines and barbed wire on the And when asked about the camp's de our military offensive and pacification ef perimeter a.nd that, above all, the bunkers fenses-which are not secret from the forts. Prisoners of war and ralliers should do not have enough overhead protection. enemy, now that he surrounds the camp and increase." "I recognize that we could be dug in better observes it daily-the colonel replied: "I Rallier is another term for a Vietcong or a.t Khesanh," one senior Marine officer said. h:ave one answer to that, and if you've asked North Vietnamese defector. "And I wish the hell we were." me that question before you can put your General Westmoreland and senior Admin Another senior officer added: "I'm more pencil down. My answer is that I always istration officials said last fall that Vietcong concerned about overhead protection than worry about my defenses. If I were here a recruiting in South Vietnam had declined about depth." hundred years, I would still be telling my from an average of 7,000 men a month in 1966 A look around the camp indicates that the men to dig a little deeper and keep putting to about 3.,500 men a month in 1967. worries are not without foundation. Some t hat barbed wire down." Intelligence analysts have now tentatively sections of the perimeter have both "con But the colonel said the enemy would be concluded, however, that Vietcong recruit certina wire"-barbed-wire coils-and "ap making a mistake if he thought of Khesanh ing began to rise substantially in the latter ron" wire, fastened on X-shaped steel stakes. as anot her Dienbienphu, a copy of the for half of 1967 back toward the former level. But other sections still have only the con tress that the predecessors of the Vietcong They cite as one indication of this the certina wire. overran in 1954 in the successful campaign marked decline in defectors during the last "If you can have only one kind of barbed to drive the French from Vietnam. six months of last year. wire, concertina is best," a general said. "But An Army general agreed. "There is no com.,. parison between Khesanh and Dienbienphu," DECLINE IN DEFECTORS NOTED the best solution is to have both." The trenches, like the barbed wire, vary he said. "We hold hlll positions atound the Although 18,076 surrendered to the allies from point to point inside the camp. Along camp, and the French did not. We have mas in the first half of the year, the number some sections of the perimeter, the trenches sive airpower, and the French did not. And. dropped to 9,102 in the second half, with a barely reach the knees. Along others, they we have heavy artillery in a position to sup low of 904 in December. are shoulder high. port the camp-something the French didn't The number of defectors has continued Yet the trenches are fa.r better now than have. low, about 1,000 a month in January and they were on Jan. 21, when the first of many "But," he added, "it never hurts to dig February. daily mortar barrages struck the camp. At deeper." Intelligence analysts also believe that the that time, along some sections of the perim enemy has already replaced most of his eter, there were no trenches at all to link losses during the Tet offensive with recruits the bunkers into a tight defense network. A Visit to Vietnam from rural areas seized from the Saigon And some bunkers were protected overhead Government. by only one or two layers of sandbags on thin General Westmoreland had stated in his sheets of steel. year-end report, however, that military plan HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL ning for 1968 was based on an expected in EFFORT STEPPED UP OF NEW YORK crease in defectors from 27,178 for last year But now that a major attack is believed to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to a total of 60,000 for the current year. be imminent, C-123 and C-123 cargo planes He predicted that the allies would only are braving the mortar barrages to bring in Thursday, March 21, 1968 have to deal with a.bout 340,000 new refugees steel, wooden beams, concertina wire and Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, a Har from combat areas during the year. mechanical digging equipment to reinforce vard professor, who happened to be in The Tet offensive has made about 350,000 the defenses. Saigon during the recent cities offensive Vietnamese civilians homeless. Presumably, "Every day the defense situation is im there were about 800,000 refugees living in proving at the camp," a senior officer sa'd. of the Vietcong, became an eyewitness to temporary camps or without such minimum "The Air Force is doing a great job in get that latest evidence that our military shelter at the end of 1967. ting materials to the men there." approach has failed in Vietnam. The offensive has also profoundly disrupted He added, however, that it was obviously Prof. Everett Mendelsohn has reported the pacification effort, on which General too late to improve some of the camp's de his impressions to the American Friends Westmoreland placed such emphasis in his fenses. Service Committee, which sponsored his report. With units of two of three North Viet trip. These views are contained in the General Earle G. Wheeler, Chairman of namese divisions on all sides of the camp, the the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is reported to have Marines could not erect apron fences or lay following interview from the Harvard told President Johnson at the end of February minefields without running the risk of being Crimson of February 24, 1968: after a trip to South Vietnam that the cut down by gunfire. It is too late, too, to A VISIT TO VIETNAM pacification effort had been so severely build· concrete bunkers. (Everett I. Mendelsohn, associate professor damaged he could not state when it could There is only one concrete bunker at the of History of Science, recently returned from be resumed. camp, and that was built by the Army in the a Southeast Asian tour which took him to [From the New York Times, Feb. 22, 1968) spring · of 1966, after the enemy had bom South Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia.. MARINES AT KHE SAHN FIND FLAWS IN THEm barded the camp with 120 mortar rounds, Under the sponsorship of the American DEFENSES making it clear that sandbag bunkers were Friends Service Committee, a Quaker service not adequate. The Marines began taking organization, Mendelsohn visited Quaker (By Gene Roberts) over the camp later that year but did not fol projects and sought to assess the possibility SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM, February 21.-A low through on the Army's plan for concrete of a peaceful solution to the Vietnamese con Marine lieutenant inspected his sandbag bunkers. flict through conversations with Vietnamese and-steel bunker at Khesanh one morning WHY MARINES HESITATED civilians. In Cambodia he met with a high recently and shook his head. "I wish I could Why did the Marines wait until mortar representative of the National Liberation sa.y it'll take a direct mortar hit," he said. shells began falling this year to begin a Front. His departure from South Vietnam "But it won't. Not enough steel, no wooden protection program? was delayed ten days by the Viet Cong urban beams." Some Marine officers said the camp had offensive. Mendelsohn questions the rosy pic At another bunker the night before, the been conceived primarily as a. staging area. ture of m111tary progress presented by the arms a.nd legs of seven marines, incl'\lding a. for troops, trying to stop North Vietnamese United States government, and says the major, were intertwined as they tried to sleep infiltration from Laos, six· miles away, and Thieu-Ky regime may be nearing collapse. He in space suitable for only three. was not intended as a major· defensive forti believes the.Viet.Cong offensive,.and the un A hundred yards a.way, one platoon of fication. limited character of our response to it, have March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7345
limited the future options open to us in they had been before, were able to be effec medical ward into the severe injury we.rd, South Vietnam. He fears that we will face tive in all of the areas. you saw the full horror of the war itself. continued military setbacks until we either This, mind you, was two weeks before I The hospital that we visited had first been withdraw, or resort i;o nuclear weapons.) got to Saigon, some two weeks before their built by the French, and it was a. small hospital. During the la.st four years it has [ Questions in italic] attacks on all the cities. How serious is the refugee problem? been enlarged to a hospital of some four What effect did this trip have on your Vietnam has probably suffered most hundred beds. In the week just prior to our opinion of the war? through its civilian population. At the visit the dally patient population o! the I expect the tr1p didn't radically change moment it is estimated that something close hospital was over 750, meaning that there my views of the war, it did two other things to one quarter of the total population are were two patients to many beds. The hospi though. One: it personalized them. I think refugees. This number has probably gone tal itself, judged to be one of the best of the it's hard even with the greatest imagination up in recent weeks, after the attacks. The province hospitals in South Vietnam, had to recognize what happens to specific people problem of refugees is an enormous one be very little in the way of sanitary facillties. in specific parts of a country, without seeing cause most of the refugees come from the Walking through it, one had to take care to them. Seeing the war at first hand, meeting farm. They are peasants who .made their avoid stepping in human defecation. There people who had been involved in it, people living by tilling the land. What they've done were no screens in the windows, and open who have suffered from it, meeting people was to flee to the cities, where they live in wounds were festering with maggots in them. who have opposed it on the scene, gave me squatters villages surrounding the cities. The most common operation carried out a series of new insights. Many of them in squalor, even the best of in South Vietnam today is amputation. The The other set of changes that I came away them providing nothing but a single room difficulty, however, is that the amputations with, also had to do with getting some things in a mud walled hut, the best perhaps with are not always good. The sanitary facillties at first hand. In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, tin roofs. The others are in much worse are not generally good enough and there ls I met with a high official of the National shape. There is very little in the way of a lack of antiseptic procedures. What this Liberation Front. He is a well educated man, sanitary facilities, and there is no room means is that often a leg must be ampu not an unattractive man, obviously quite whatsoever for these men to provide the tated two or three times before the amputa intelligent. I gather that he's on the Central livelihood the one way they know how, tion heals successfully. Committee of the National Liberation Front. through raising the food which they would There has been a lot of -controversy as to Even having been an opponent of the war, eat. whether napalm victims are to be found in but having read the U.S. press primarily, and A visit to the refugee camps, and we visited Vietnam. As I recall, Dr. Howard Rusk, the in detail, it was hard to believe anything but them around Saigon, in Hue, most intensively New York Times medical correspondent that the enormous firepower and large scale in the city of Quang Ngai, a visit to these found only six or seven in the whole of military operations the U.S. was waging was camps brought out one thing which I had Vietnam. I often wonder, having visited the indeed winning the war. Perhaps it could not quite been prepared for. As you walked hospital at Quang Ngai, just where he had never really become militarily victorious. It through the camp, looking around, smiling his eyes as he walked through this hospital. seemed from everything I'd been able to read at people, greeting people, children run There were over seventy people in the burn that we were winning military victories. around your legs as children will anyplace in ward at Quang Ngai when we visited there. Mr. Y [we shall call him] had quite a dif the world, having great fun. Even the women Some forty of them had burns traceable to ferent view. So far as I could tell, in all might smile back when you greet them. How napalm. honesty, he believed that the National ever, from the men, regardless what their The record was always the same in the Liberation Front was winning. We pressed age was, we got a very sullen stare in re hospital wards as to how these people were him on this in a number of ways. We asked sponse. injured, whether the broken bones or the him about the impact of the firepower on the In talking to the refugees, the answer was burns. In nine out of ten cases they were Vietnamese and he said, yes when it comes found very simply. They'd been driven from tending their animals, they were cultivating to bombing a village or a town, the enormous their homes, and they'd more often been the fields, they were asleep in their huts, firepower from the air takes its toll. Primar driven out by airplanes, which came and when things came from the air. Bombers or ily, he pointed out, on civilians, and in per strafed and bombed their villages, and they'd helicopters came over, loosing rockets, ma son I was able to see this on the ground fled to the cities. They'd lost their means of chine guns, or bombs. They knew that the later on. He said, however, that when it livelihood. In a sense they'd almost lost their only people in the country who were using comes to controlling the countryside, this manlihood. Their indigation at the govern bombers and planes were their own govern can be done only by infantry troops with ment of South Vietnam and at the Ameri ment and the United States. rifles going· out and winning an area and cans was very pointed and direct. They Every now and then, one in ten or so of the then controlling it and keeping it. And he pointed the finger at us as having driven injuries as we looked over the hospital's rec said that the enormous gains of the firepower them from their land. ords, were recorded as coming from ground were lost in this kind of combat. He pointed How adequate were facilities for civilian fire. Here it is impo.ssible to tell whether out that the rifle of the N.L.F. soldier was wounded? the ground fire was Viet Cong or that of the just as effective as the rifle of the American. When we turn to the question of wounded, ARVN or American troops. Even more, he pointed out that the N.L.F. again the civilians seem to suffer most. This Did you speak with civilians who oppose soldier generally knew the terrain he was comes about really through the same proc the war? fighting in; it was friendly to him, whereas ess that has made the refugees. Something In talking to one group of South Viet it was foreign to the American soldier. close to two thirds of the land area of South namese businessmen, lawyers, professionals, He pointed out one other thing. He said Vietnam is today declared a free fire zone. men who were parts of former governments, the very history of the war suggests that the This means that anything in that area can we began asking them about how the pros United States is not winning, indeed, might be bombed, can be machine gunned, at the pect of reaching agreement.a with the Na well be losing. He pointed out that the fight wlll of the spotters flying over in planes. tional Liberation Front struck them. Was it ing takes place during the dry season, the What was interesting to recognize, though, possible? What might 'borne from it? The winter months for us, November through is that these free fire zones started just a few response of one man was typical. He pointed April. For the.rest of the year, he said every kilometers down the road from the major out that the men of the National Liberation one just sits tight and holds on to what they cities. The free fire zone outside Quang Front and in the government of North Viet have and hopes not to be washed away by Ngai was just eight or ten kilometers from nam were people he'd known. They were not the flood. the city center. What this meant is that peas just faceless opponent.a. These were men who He said in the winter of 1965--66, the first ants working out in the field were regularly had lived down the street from him when year of major escalation, the United States subjected to firing, to bombing, to harass he was a young man. One of the leaders of had some 200,000 ground troops in Vietnam. ment. All night long as we lay in our beds the National Liberation Front had been to He said during that winter the U.S. at at Quang Ngai, we could hear the mortars college with him in Paris. Another had been tempted to launch offensive actions in all and artlllery and the helicopters raining married to a distant cousin. Another had four areas, from the I Corps in the North down their terror on different parts of the been in a law office of his. Some of these down to the Delta. He said that they weren't countryside. And in the morning the re men he trusted; some .of them he distrusted. r eally effective in too many of them, but they sults were quite clear. The Utters carrying Some of them he had liked; some of them were on the offensive in all four. people in from the countryside with the gap he had disliked. The next year, the winter of 1966-67, dur ing holes in their bodies, the wounded limbs, He said that there was some real reason ing the dry season the U.S. had some 400,000 and the broken bones. to expect that a civilian government in South troops on the ground, yet was able to launch We visited the hospital at Quang Ngai and Vietnam, with the burden of a military war an offensive action in only III Corps area. went through it in some detail with a doctor and leadership lifted from it, could well In the other three areas they were on the working with the Quaker unit. There was a come to some sort of agreement with the d efensive, or holding tight. He said that in standard medical ward which perhaps had National Liberation Front. I asked him and the winter of 1967-68, the United States an increase in the standard diseases of the pressed him about what would happen after forces with over 500,000 men on the ground, area, malaria, diphtheria, cholera, plague had an agreement in. the South. Unification, he were unable to launch an offensive in· any broken -0ut in the region. And the other felt, would ultimately come. After a.11 Viet sin gle of the four corps areas. Indeed, he said, things that you are wont to find in this part nam was one country; Vietnamese were t o t he contrary his own forces, stronger than of the world. But when we went beyond the fundamentally one people. . 7346 EXTENSIONS-. OF REMARKS - March 21, 1968 This man felt that what you would have city was invaded and attacked, sometimes by to the number of weapons ca;ptured, the ratio is a socialization of the South and a liberal small groups, sometimes by much larger was five, six, and even seven to one. The izing of the North. He felt there would · be ones. If you want to undercut the authority reporters told me to look at that figure be this interaction. of the government, if you want to undercut cause they said weapons are a good indica He was wealthy, he was a part of. the man confidence in it, this was done with real tion of how many soldiers you have killed. dranate, he was French educated, he was ferocity. There's little doubt that the Viet Cong part of a former government, and yet for We know that the pacification program is did lose men in this attack. I saw dozens of him this was a chance which he saw very now over. The villages have been lost com Viet Oong dead in the city. The figures they well worth taking. pletely. There's another set of secondary were giving, however, I think were absolutely Alright. H the cream of Vietnamese civil effects which have come which I think are ludicrous, believed by no one on the scene. ian leadership is willing to take this chance, perhaps of even longer range importance. What is the significance of the arrests in if their major message-and he made it very And this was the inability of both the United South Vietnam in the last few days? clear that the message he wanted me and States and the South Vietnamese to cope At the moment I know of four men who've others to bring back to America was that the with the attacks. We watched the govern been arrested although the teletype tells us war had to be stopped and the U.S. had to ment of South Vietnam and the American that there probably have been upwards of get out and that Vietnam had to be turned military call in air strikes against their own thirty-five arrests. Among these four, we met back to civilian rule to work out their prob cities and their own civilians. We watched and talked with two of them. Thich Tri lems--if he's willing to take all these risks, the whole Eastern industrial suburbs of Sai Quang, the militant Buddhist leader, per we should be willing to go with him. gon, Gia Dinh, burned out, sector after sec haps one of the most important of the Bud They put it very bluntly. It's hard to know tor, for five days running. And the thou dhist leaders in South Vietnam, has been whether to believe them or not. They said sands-hundreds of thousands of refugees arrested. We saw him just before the attacks; they doubted that I would find a single major pouring out of the area. We watched the we saw one of his colleagues, Thich Tinn Vietnamese civilian individual who was not whole of the area just south of the Ton Son Minh, just after the attacks. intimately tied to the current government, Nhut Airport being burned out segment af During the attacks themselves the South or enormously profiting from the war, who ter segment for four and five days running. Vietnamese government announced that An would not now be in favor of ending it. They When we left they were still bombing out Quang pagoda where Thich Tri Quang had said that nothing that any of them could sections of Pho Tho around the race track. been living just on the outskirts of Cholon conceive of happening in the future was Read for that the area around Fenway Park was being used as a command. post by the worse than what was happening now under and the density of the population around it. V.C. Thich Tinh Minh said it's absolutely U.S. protection. And we watched them burning out sec absurd. Were the attacks a surprise? tions of Cholon, the Chinese section of the He said that what was happening was that I would say that they came as an absolute city, which to this day still has fighting go the Thieu government was using this as an a.nd complete surprise. The American mili ing on in it. There are parts of it still being occasion to take revenge and create harass tary claim they knew about them. If they burned out. What you did was to create hun ment for the Buddhists against whom they did know about them why they were thor dreds of thousands of new refugess. And the feel they have many scores to settle. oughly unprepared for them, and in a sense indignation here against a government call He said the An Quang pagOda was probably are culpable because of that. My guess is they ing air strikes on its own residential sections, the place under greatest surveillance by the really didn't know a.bout them, or that they its own cities and its own population, is some police, since they distrust it so. He said the didn't believe the attacks could be as wide thing which the Vietnamese had emblazoned Viet Cong would have been idiots to try to spread, as well coordinated, as strong as they in their minds as they fled from their homes, come near the place, and probably stayed were. I mean I think the American military many of them being killed, many others be very clear of it if they were going to try to get command in South Vietnam has suffered ing wounded. into the city secretly. from what one newsman called an enormous We visited a couple of the refugee camps Trich Tri Quang, probably the single most dose of self-deceit. They had begun to be in the days just after the initial fighting and influential Buddhist in the country and a lieve their own statistics, which is terribly the indignation was very high. They pointed major opponent of the current government dangerous when the statistics are funda the finger directly at the United States and is now jailed. mentally in error. There was no sign that the government of South Vietnam. The two runners-up in the presidential these attacks were expected. Americans were Were civilians given any warning prior to campaign against Thieu, including the man on leave all over the country. The South these counter attacks? who received the greatest number of votes in Vietnamese Army was spread out going home In some places a loudspeaker would come Saigon itself, Truong Dinh Du, have been for Tet. over in a helicopter or sometimes they came arrested. As has the man who was behind We rode down from Quang Ngai the day up to a segment of a city and broadcast over him in the number of votes he received,'Pham before Tet in a plane filled with men who bull horns that people were to leave their Khae Suu. had left the barracks in Quang Ngai going homes immediately because they were bomb The fourth man who has been arrested, Au home to their families in Saigon. Well, if ing an area. In other sectors no warning Truong Thanh, a former finance minister in you are expecting a major attack within a was given. Sometimes you had as much as the government of Premiere Diem, a former day or two, you keep your army ready and a couple of hours; sometimes you had no finance minister again in the civilian govern you don't let them go home on leave. This warning whatsoever. Anything which ran out ment of Dr. Quat, probably the single most just wasn't the case. The guard at the U.S. of these areas of course was shot as being Embassy was lighter that night than it had respected non-government civilian leader in a suspected Viet Cong. the country, a man who was barred from been for months. The gate of the U.S. Em How badly was Saigon disrupted? running for the presidency probably because bassy was standing open. You don't have all There was this marvelous juxtaposition. of the fear that he would have been elected. these things open if you expect an attack. The Armed Forces Vietnam Network, which What seems to be happening is what Pro There ,vas a lot of stew in the days Just has a news broadcast for five minutes every after the attack. General Westmoreland got fessor Galbraith predicted. The government hour on the hour, would come on first with of President Thieu and Marshall Ky is very on the Armed Forces Vietnam network to tell this bland statement by General Westmore us all that this was the greatest defeat that near collapse. What they are doing is round land about the victoty we are winning and ing up and threatening all the possible forces the enemy had ever suffered. Ambassador how Saigon has now been completely retaken Bunker got on to tell us that American forces who can oppose them. They're making sure and that there are just pockets of resistance if they can that there will be no possible and their gallant allies were having their left. And that would be followed at the end greatest victory. They even had a brief dub civilian government to follow them. of the news by an important announcement Now the embassy supposedly, according in from President Johnson in Washington to all American personnel: All American telling us that this was a great defeat for the to the papers, has shown some disturbance. Viet Cong and a victory for America and personnel are required to stay in thejr bil But let's be absolutely blunt and clear. The South Vietnam. And that this was an act of lets until further notice. There is a 24-hour American forces in Vietnam can do what last desperation on the part of the Viet Cong. curfew for all American personnel. Do not they want to do. And when they're interested One of the reporters in Saigon was so leave your billets except under armed escort. enough in getting something done they get appalled at all this deceit that in the middle Nine days after this, when I left, American it done. If these men remain in prison or are of all this he filed a report to his newspaper personnel were only getting to work part of shot, it's with the complicity of American with the lead, "The Viet Cong, in an act of the day and were having to go in armed con forces. desperation, today took over most of South voys. And half of the offices hadn't reopened What is the outlook now in South Viet Vietnam." This is about the way it looked to yet. This huge war machine-you've got no nam? those of us who were there. idea how big it is until you see 1-t-this A few weeks ago I would have said that What effect did the raids have? huge war effort of civilian and military per was real hope that a civilian leadership could It had several dramatic effects. It demon sonnel in Saigon had ground to a halt for be brought into power and could reach a strated to every Vietnamese citizen, that the over a week. modus operandi with the National Libera government of South Vietnam and the Was the kill ratio in these battles as great tion Front; that they could set up admin enormous military power of the United States as the U.S. forces have claimed? istrative procedures whereby the country were unable to provide them with the one Most of the · newsmen I talked to just could be shared until such time as a full thing which they thought they could get, laughed. The body count is given primarily South Vietnam government could be elected. security in the cities. Every major city in by the South Vietnamese. If you com.pare In light of the recent attacks and in light South Vietnam was broached. Every major the number of bodies supposedly counted of the severity and the inhumanity of the re- March 21, 1968 EXTENSIONS -OF .REMARKS. - 7347 sponse of the South Vietnamese government "The Vulnerable Russians" is now a week, yearly, until such time when 'all cap and the United States-of calling in bombing available at the Georgetown University tive nations receive their freedom and inde attacks on their own cities and thei-r . own Bookstore, White Gravenor, Georgetown pendence.'" civilian population-in light of this, I'm not • sure it is any longer a viable solution. University, Washington, D.C. Howev~. This statement struck at the spurious Rus Perhaps the Viet Cong spokesman in Cam some excerpts from the book will give the sian image. But it was -not long thereafter bodia was right and the U.S. must be handed . reader an indication of the novel nature that in a report on his European talks Presi a stunning military defeat. Then I become of the work. dent Kennedy, with reference to the USSR, terribly frightened as to what our response The excerpts follow: spoke of that "nation's achievements in will be. Here is where the people in Saigon space" and of "the Soviets.'' Worse still in began wondering: If Khe Sanh falls, if an THE RUSSIAN IMAGE terms of distortions of hist.ory was his later other city or two is badly struck, if there are ("Bolshevism is the third appearance of · utterance: "We recognize the Soviet Union's civilian uprisings-which I would not be Russian autocratic imperialism, its first ap historical concerns about their security in surprised to see in the next few··months be pearance being the Muscovite Tsardom and Central and Eastern Europe, after a series of cause of what we are doing to defend the its second the Petrine Empire."-Nicolas ravaging invasions.:_and we believe arrange cities now-if this did happen, what would Berdyaev.) ments can be worked out which will help to the response of the United States be? If The type of analysis developed for the eco meet those concerns." Knowledge, we teach, Thieu and Ky fall, as Professor Galbraith nomic area of the Soviet Russian Empire can is in large measure intellectual conviction. suggests, what can we do? just as readily be applied to all other essen I'm terribly afraid, as some of our Viet tial areas-the military, the cultural, Party Since Kh::ushchev's visit to the United namese friends over there were afraid, that politics, the scientific, the arts and litera- States, Russian propagandists have been de we'll resort to even the greater fire power that ture, even athletics and the Olympics. Para- picting the USSR as "the greatest power in we have. We'll lay rubble to everything, in sitical Russian totalitarians have always fed the world." Despite lagging economic growth cluding perhaps using nuclear weapons. It's themselves on the resources and talents of in this context that people get very wor non-Russian peoples. Political umbrella con- rates, an agricultural mess, and intra-family ried. They have no confidence at all in re cepts such as "the Russians" and now "the difficulties with totalitarian Red associates, Moscow sells itself as the wave of the fu straint on the part of the United States. Soviets," which arbitrarily embrace the cap- . ture. Don't think for a second that there We could be driven out by a Viet Cong vic tive non-Russian nations, have enabled them tory, and I'm not sure that America would to conceal this parasitism from the world. are not an increasing number of people ever face that without going to all-out nu Once in thought and action we pierce these throughout the Free World who are taking clear war. The only other thing you can hope befogging concepts, messianic Russia-and this seriously on its face value. Even here in for . is that somehow the present American we mean Russia-will be properly reduced to the United States, where uncritical and even government is brought down and that a gov size. puerile projections of advertised Soviet ernment be brought int.o power which will Berdyaev, the eminent Russian philosopher growth rates were made for several years, the arrange for America's withdrawal. of this century, gives in capsule form the belief is spreading that this may be so in ten At this stage the one real answer is for the ideological images of traditional Russian im- years. The above lag in understanding serves United States to recognize that the war it perialism over the past 500 years. The above Moscow's purposes neatly. As a perceptive has tried t.o fight has been lost. It is neither quote accomplishes what tomes on "Russia" tourist to the Soviet Union has put it, "Com winning militarily nor is it coming anywhere have failed to do. Its stress on appearances munist China and Soviet Russia's under close t.o win~ng the hearts and minds of succinctly points up the essence of habitual standing of the value of constant repetition, the people of Vietnam. Facing this, America Russianistic imagery. of association of ideas, of persuasion, indi has to be tough enough to witlldraw from cates a profound knowledge of human reac Vietnam as speedily as possible, leaving be • • tions." hind the civilian population of that country . As for ourselves, we continued to be a to work ou_t their own destiny. colossal and confused paradox. ·In · this age In a very real sense Russia's Iron Curtain of imagery we clearly showed during the 1960 extends to our shores as concerns a working Presidential campaign how concerned we are understanding of what is unthinkingly about the image we project throughout the called "Russia." It may, for example, astonish world. But at the same time, in the Cold War, the reader to learn that, despite the fact The Vulnerable Russians we display little concern about the ways and that over half of USSR's population is non means of demolishing the potemkinized Rus Russian, the policy planning group in our sian image which instills both fear and awe Department of State scarcely bothers itself in the minds of milU-ons about -the globe, with the majority non-Russian nations in HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI incl1.1ding our own United States. OF ILLINOIS • the Soviet Union. A later chapter on Secre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tary Rusk's missives will give some evidence This, of_course, is all t.o the good. But even of this. Thursday, March 21 , 1968 the majority are not totally ooµ.vinced that their mythical conceptions of "Russia" and Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, one its image and appearances are thoroughly IMPRISONING CONCEPTS of the most dangerous fallacies circulat invalid. Somehow most of our people caµ.• Descartes, the eminent seventeenth cen ing today is that a ploycentrism of Com not believe that the notions and impressions tury philosopher, once said that men become munist power is at work in the Red they have become ac<:ustomed to are rooted prisoners of their own thoughts. Since Empire to bring about the independence in sand. In this respect they are not alone. thoughts without concepts are impossible, Confronted by the same situatio:Q, millions men thus become prisoners of their ruling of Red states from Russian influence and of others in the Free World react in the same concepts. Perhaps nowhere is the force of domination and the eventual collapse of way. Nevertheless, one of our primary aims our habitual concepts stronger than in the the empire. Upon this fallacy is predi in the Cold War should be the demolishment field of the Soviet Union, Russia, and the cated the wishful thought that the United of the RuS&ian image carried on in the minds captive non-Russian nations. Indeed, after States may be spared further Vietnams of Americans who have become special ob one gives his intellectual assent t.o all that and ''wars of national liberation." If only jects of methodical Russian propaganda. has been said regarding each of these en the proponents of this fallacious thesis tities one invariably slips back into the PROPAGANDA UNPARALLELED groove of his accustomed concept of "Rus would soberly examine the differential sia," and his momentary understanding power structure of the Red Empire and Many had never heard of White Ruthenia again becomes blurred and distorted. pay less heed to ·the superficial squabbles or Cossackia, and others inquired as to where Turkestan or Idel-Ural is located. "Holy between and among the various Commu "I want to emphasize," Morros said in nist parties. Mother Russia" exponents in this country seized upon this condition and had the 1959, "that the Russian plot is far more The new book on "The Vulnerable brash mendacity to claim that no such en · strongly organized in this country and Russians" concentrates on the determin tities exist. In the early 50's _they used the throughout the world than is generally un ing power of imperio-colonialist Moscow. same technique of obscurantism with refer derstood by our people. I say 'Russian plot' Ideological sideshows· are assigned their . ence t.o Ukraine. because the schemes of the present military nominal value in the comprehensive con Speaking of their exploding, they now use dictatorship in the Soviet Union: go beyond text of the global power play. Authored the technique of having associated Red gov communism. They -are for Pan-Slavism on a ernments protest their own "independence." scale more ambitious than Hitler's fanatical by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky oi Georgetown dreams of world . conquest. The Russians are University, the · book is simply written, For example, after the 1965 Captive Nations Week, both Warsaw and Kiev shared the realists .... The present regime" in Moscow revealing in numerous respects, and doc brunt of denouncing the annual event . . A has been hatching a vast imperialistic plot umented throughout. With broad per Ukrain ian organ, the counterpart of RU:s for a Slav-dominated world.'' spective, it shows the ultimate depend sia's Crocodile, sarcastically observed, "Let • • ence of all the non-Russian Red states on the haze remain for at least a week, while Words expressing a false conception of the Soviet Union. · the freedom charter is being altered. F·or you, your background, your character and CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 22, 1968 intent.ions--and some even denying them cernlng the vital captive non-Russian na Russian nations since 1923. Including the 50's may prove to be quite provoking. morally tions in the USSR. A publication prepared by and 60's, there hasn't been a decade when se and otherwise. So with peoples and nations. the Legislative Reference Service of the rious friction, resistance, pressure, "loeallsm," The non-Russian na.tlons in the Soviet Un Library of Congress presents numerous es and even rebellion have not scalded Moscow's ion have suffered too much :r-0r · the very sential facts and perspectives a.bout these na hold over these non-Russian colonies. The preservation of. their identities, not to men tions a.nd unequivocally states, "Western data on this are simply overwhelming. Most tion the advancement of their aspirations. scholars of Soviet affairs agree on the im outstanding, of course, were the millions of Even the Russian totalitarians have had to perial-colonial characer of the U.S.S.R." How nonRussians who deserted to the supposedly take careful notice of this undying instinct ever, much more remains to be done. liberating Germans in Ukraine during the for national self-preservation. Nationalist ... . earlier stages of World War rr. Trotskyism, symbols ot the captive non-Russian nations ROOT CA USES OF MISCONCEPTIONS Bukharinism, and other threats to the Mos are adroitly exploited by the Reds both with But it ls not surprising that few of us a.re cow regime faded away long ago, but "bour in and outside the USSR. aware of how the Soviet Union was estab geois nationalism" or, in our words, the drive lished in the first place. The Russian image for national independence by these non • • is Vice President- Nixon, in 1956, uttered pre 1s entirely different when the USSR ls viewed Russian peoples has been persistent and cious words when he declared~ "We must be from the imperio-colonlallst angle as against undying. A month does not pass without some ready to meet Soviet moves, but. we must that containing myths spawned by Moscow. attack against It by Moscow and its Red also be prepared with all peaceful and hon What can one expect for this necessary ad dependents. orable means to take the initiative in ad justment, when the minds of our young high • • • vancing everywhere the cause of human free sch-Ool students are conditioned by drivel Ukraine alone has a population of about dom. Our record in support of the dignity such as this: "Until World War II, the Soviet 45 million, qualifying it as the largest non of man and the independence of peoples Union had remained the world's only Com Russlan nation both in the USSR and be needs no apologies any place in this world." munist-governed nation." The Soviet Union hind the whole Iron Curtain. When the Much the same was uttered in his acceptance 1s not a nation, and Outer Mongolia was also Kremlinltes speak of 177 or 182 different na speech in July, 1960. a state under so-called Communism. tionalities in the USSR, they are dealing out • • • • • • ... • • a myth. Small tribal units scattered about Yes, as we have seen again and again, even A true orientation toward the USSR also the Arctic and in Asia can hardly be clas on the highest levels of our Government the demands the steadfast retention of another slfl.ed as national units. On a unifying reli above plight exists. Our leaders in public and essential general fact. The !ate that befell gious basis there are about 35 million Mos private life parrot the same errors which can independent Lithuania, Poland. Hungary. and lems who offer another point of distinction only benefit Moscow. It ls not necessary for others in the 40's had been the tragedy of the to the little more than 110 million Russians. one to study intensively the histories of East similarly independent republics of Georgia, Moscow distortingly exploits this fa.ct in its ern Europe and Central Asia to become aware Ukraine, White Ruthenla, and others in the policies toward the Islamic world; we are of the fact that many different nations exist early 20's. Trotsky•s Red Russian Army picked not even aware of it. in these areas. One does not have to become them off one by one after they had been • • • • • a scholar to know that the Soviet Union softened up by infiltration, subversion, ideo REALITIES FOR SUPERFICIAL ACTUALITIES . 1s not a nation~ For this purpose all that logical deception, and additional techniques Thus, ft cannot be too strongly emphasized 1s required ls a quick glance at the consti of "Intensive revolution." Many of these cold that our crucial need is the substitution of tution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Re war techniques we have been witnessing now realities for superficial actualities 1n our publica, and to read some of the speeches in for years in every quarter of the Free World, 1h1nk1ng and doing about the Soviet Union, tended for "home" consumption. including South Vietnam. which ls and for many years will continue • • • • • • • • • to be the primary survival base for the entire Fortunately, some governmental strides are Not ever to be forgotten either ls the his Red Empire. made to offset this protracted ignorance con- tory for freedom on the part of these non- • • • •
SENATE-Friday, March 22, 1968 · The Senate met at 11 o'clock a.m., and Let them be loving without_ being EXECUTIVE SESSION was called to order by the President pro condescending. tempcre. Let them be patient without being Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Rev. Harvey Stegemoeller, professor, weak. unanimous consent that the Senate go Concordia Senior College, Fort Wayne, Let them be wise without being con into executive session to consider a nomi Ind., offered the following prayer: ceited. nation on the Executive Calendar. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With In the name of the Father, the Son, Let them be ambitious without being out objection, it is so ordered. and the Spirit. proud. Almighty God, we acknowledge a.gain Let them be confident without be that You are the Creator of all things; ing arrogant. APPALACHIAN REGIONAL especially we acknowledge our own crea Let them be courageous without being COMMISSION tureliness. and thus our responsibilities ruthless. before Your will and Your desire. May the blessings of Almighty God rest The assistant legislative clerk read the Our respcnsibilities always weigh upon this Senate, this Government, this nomination of Meriwether Lewis Clark Nation, and the world. Amen. Tyler, of New York, to be alternate Fed heavY upon us as we bear the duty to eral Cochairman of the Appalachian Re care for Your whole creation and to stand gional Commission. before You as accountable for the job THE JOURNAL we do. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With In the light of our past failures and Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask out objection,. the nomination is con in the light of the realities of our trou unanimous consent that the reading of sidered and confirmed. bled Nation and the troubled world, we the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask are tempted to deny or to run away day, March 21. 1968, be dispensed with. unanimous ·consent that the President be from our challenges to serve You. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With immediately notified of the confirmation But we know You are a merciful God out objection, it is so ordered. of the nomination. and a loving Father. Our failures of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With past-all the things lumped together in out objection, it is so ordered. the dark word of sin-are forgiven in LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR Your mercy. In the good news of Your ING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE forgiveness made manifest in Christ MORNING BUSINESS LEGISLATIVE SESSION there is forgiveness and hope. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Let this forgiveness blossom into hope unanimous consent that statements in move that the Senate resume the con in the simple and complex affairs of this relation to the transaction of routine sideration of legislative business. day. We can go far 1n this faith. morning business be limited to 3 minutes. The motion was a.greed to, and the Now we commit these Senators and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With Senate resumed the consideration of their efforts to Your care. out objection, it is so ordered. legislative business.