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Black Seminoles Vs. Red Seminoles
Black Seminoles vs. Red Seminoles Indian tribes across the country are reaping windfall profits these days, usually from gambling operations. But some, like the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, are getting rich from belated government payouts for lands taken hundreds of years ago. What makes the Seminoles unique is that this tribe, unlike any other, has existed for nearly three centuries as a mixture of Indians and blacks, runaway slaves who joined the Indians as warriors in Florida. Together, they fought government troops in some of the bloodiest wars in U.S. history. In the late 1830s, they lost their land, and were forced to a new Indian home in present-day Oklahoma. Over the years, some tribe members have intermarried, blurring the color lines even further. Now the government is paying the tribe $56 million for those lost Florida lands, and the money is threatening to divide a nation. Seminole Chief Jerry Haney says the black members of the tribe are no longer welcome. After 300 years together, the chief says the tribe wants them to either prove they're Indian, or get out. Harsh words from the Seminole chief for the 2,000 black members of this mixed Indian tribe. In response, the black members say they're just as much a Seminole as Haney is. www.jupiter.fl.us/history On any given Sunday, go with Loretta Guess to the Indian Baptist church in Seminole County, Okla., and you'll find red and black Seminoles praying together, singing hymns in Seminole, sharing meals, and catching up on tribal news. -
Early Days at Fort Brooke
Sunland Tribune Volume 1 Article 2 1974 Early Days at Fort Brooke George Mercer Brooke Jr. Virginia Military Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/sunlandtribune Recommended Citation Brooke, George Mercer Jr. (1974) "Early Days at Fort Brooke," Sunland Tribune: Vol. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/sunlandtribune/vol1/iss1/2 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sunland Tribune by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (DUO\'D\VDW)RUW%URRNH By COL. GEORGE MERCER BROOKE, JR. Professor of History Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. On 5 November 1823, the Adjutant General in Washington ordered Lieutenant Colonel George Mercer Brooke of the Fourth Infantry to take four companies from Cantonment Clinch near Pensacola to Tampa Bay for the purpose of building a military post. Exactly three months later, Brooke reported from the Tampa Bay area that he had arrived and work on the post was under way. A study of this troop movement and the construction of the cantonment later called Fort Brooke gives some insight into the problems the army faced one hundred and fifty years ago. At that time the population of the country was only ten million and the immigration flood of the nineteenth century was as yet only a trickle. The population was predominantly rural, only seven per cent living in urban areas. The railroad era lay in the future. Missouri had just recently been admitted as the twenty-fourth state after a portentous struggle on the slavery issue, and the country was laboring to recover from the Panic of 1819 induced in large part by overspeculation in land. -
Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Wiggins Prairie Mitigation Bank, Hillsborough County, Florida
CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF THE WIGGINS PRAIRIE MITIGATION BANK, HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA For: Southern States Land & Timber, LLC 2205 W. Pinhook Road, Suite 200 Lafayette, Louisiana 70508 Prepared by: Florida’s First Choice in Cultural Resource Management Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 (941) 379-6206 Toll Free: 1-800-735-9906 November 2016 CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF THE WIGGINS PRAIRIE MITIGATION BANK, HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA For: Southern States Land & Timber, LLC 2205 W. Pinhook Road, Suite 200 Lafayette, Louisiana 70508 By: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 Marion Almy – Project Manager Elizabeth A. Horvath – Project Archaeologist Katherine Baar – Archaeologist November 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) performed a cultural resource assessment survey (CRAS) of 79 acres of the Wiggins Prairie Mitigation Bank for Southern States Land & Timber, LLC in October 2016. Portions of the 492-acre parcel had been previously surveyed, and the current investigations focused on those areas where subsurface disturbance is anticipated. The purpose of the survey was to locate and identify any archaeological sites and historic resources within the project area of potential effects (APE) and to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The archaeological APE consists of those lands that will be subject to subsurface disturbance and have not previously been surveyed for cultural resources. The historical APE consists of the entire property. The survey was requested by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), who reviewed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) file number SAJ-2016-00429-TMF (Parsons 2016). -
Slavery in the United States - Wikipedia Page 1 of 25
Slavery in the United States - Wikipedia Page 1 of 25 Slavery in the United States Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Slavery had been practiced by Americans under British rule from early colonial days, and was legal in all Thirteen Colonies at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It lasted until the end of the American Civil War. By the time of the American Revolution (1775–1783), the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry.[1] When the United States Constitution was ratified (1789), a relatively small number of free people of color were among the voting citizens (male property owners).[2] During and immediately following the Revolutionary War, abolitionist laws were passed in most Northern states and a movement developed to abolish slavery. Most of these states had a higher proportion of free labor than in the South and economies based on different industries. They abolished slavery by the end of the 18th century, some with gradual systems that kept adults as slaves for two decades. However, the rapid expansion of the cotton industry in the Deep South after the invention of the cotton gin greatly increased demand for slave labor, and the An animation showing when United States territories and states Southern states continued as slave societies. Those states attempted to extend slavery into the new Western forbade or allowed slavery, 1789–1861. -
Fort King National Historic Landmark Education Guide 1 Fig5
Ai-'; ~,,111m11l111nO FORTKINO NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK Fig1 EDUCATION GUIDE This guide was made possible by the City of Ocala Florida and the Florida Department of State/Division of Historic Resources WELCOME TO Micanopy WE ARE EXCITED THAT YOU HAVE CHOSEN Fort King National Historic Fig2 Landmark as an education destination to shed light on the importance of this site and its place within the Seminole War. This Education Guide will give you some tools to further educate before and after your visit to the park. The guide gives an overview of the history associated with Fort King, provides comprehension questions, and delivers activities to Gen. Thomas Jesup incorporate into the classroom. We hope that this resource will further Fig3 enrich your educational experience. To make your experience more enjoyable we have included a list of items: • Check in with our Park Staff prior to your scheduled visit to confrm your arrival time and participation numbers. • The experience at Fort King includes outside activities. Please remember the following: » Prior to coming make staff aware of any mobility issues or special needs that your group may have. » Be prepared for the elements. Sunscreen, rain gear, insect repellent and water are recommended. » Wear appropriate footwear. Flip fops or open toed shoes are not recommended. » Please bring lunch or snacks if you would like to picnic at the park before or after your visit. • Be respectful of our park staff, volunteers, and other visitors by being on time. Abraham • Visitors will be exposed to different cultures and subject matter Fig4 that may be diffcult at times. -
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Map of Florida By H.S. Tanner. 1836 Stock#: 61772 Map Maker: Tanner Date: 1836 Place: Philadelphia Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG Size: 27.5 x 23.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: Second Seminole War Edition of Tanner's Map of Florida Territory Gorgeous example of this rare 1836 state of Tanner's Map of Florida. Tanner's first map of Florida is one of the earliest obtainable maps of Florida Territory. The first edition of the map is virtually identical to Charles Vignole's map of 1823, with the only difference being the lack of Vignole's name on the map. First issued in 1823, the second state of the map shows the addition of Gadsden County, whereas only St. Johns, Duval, Jackson and Escambia counties are shown in the 1823 edition. This 1836 edition shows significant changes, many of which related to the Second Seminole War. The original St. Johns County in the south is now subdivided into Monroe, Mosquito, Hillsboro, Dade, and Alachua Counties, with a massive area in the center (yellow) called Mackley's, in what was then largely Drawer Ref: Florida Stock#: 61772 Page 1 of 2 Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Map of Florida By H.S. Tanner. 1836 unexplored parts of Hillsboro County, including Miranda's Grant, Ft. Alabama, Fort King, Dade's Battle Ground, Camp Chisolm, Pilaklakaha Village, Chichuchaty and Ft. -
Territorial Florida Castillo De San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Territorial Florida Castillo de San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St. Augustine, Florida ( Seminole Indians, c. 1870 Southern Migration The original native inhabitants of Florida had all but disappeared by 1700. European diseases and the losses from nearly constant colonial warfare had reduced the population to a mere handful. Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States pressured by colonial expansion began moving into the unoccupied lands in Florida. These primarily Creek tribes were called Cimarrones by the Spanish “strays” or “wanderers.” This is the probable origin of the name Seminole. Runaway slaves or “Maroons” also began making their way into Florida where they were regularly granted freedom by the Spanish. Many joined the Indian villages and integrated into the tribes. Early Conflict During the American Revolution the British, who controlled Florida from 1763 to 1784, recruited the Seminoles to raid rebel frontier settlements in Georgia. Both sides engaged in a pattern of border raiding and incursion which continued sporadically even after Florida returned to Spanish control after the war. Despite the formal treaties ending the war the Seminoles remained enemies of the new United States. Growing America At the beginning of the 19th century the rapidly growing American population was pushing onto the frontiers in search of new land. Many eyes turned southward to the Spanish borderlands of Florida and Texas. Several attempts at “filibustering,” private or semi-official efforts to forcibly take territory, occurred along the frontiers. The Patriot War of 1812 was one such failed American effort aimed at taking East Florida. -
Atlantic Slavery and the Making of the Modern World Wenner-Gren Symposium Supplement 22
T HE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY A TLANTIC SLAVERY AND THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD I BRAHIMA THIAW AND DEBORAH L. MACK, GUEST EDITORS A tlantic Slavery and the Making of the Modern World: Wenner-Gren Symposium Supplement 22 Atlantic Slavery and the Making of the Modern World: Experiences, Representations, and Legacies An Introduction to Supplement 22 Atlantic Slavery and the Rise of the Capitalist Global Economy V The Slavery Business and the Making of “Race” in Britain OLUME 61 and the Caribbean Archaeology under the Blinding Light of Race OCTOBER 2020 VOLUME SUPPLEMENT 61 22 From Country Marks to DNA Markers: The Genomic Turn S UPPLEMENT 22 in the Reconstruction of African Identities Diasporic Citizenship under Debate: Law, Body, and Soul Slavery, Anthropological Knowledge, and the Racialization of Africans Sovereignty after Slavery: Universal Liberty and the Practice of Authority in Postrevolutionary Haiti O CTOBER 2020 From the Transatlantic Slave Trade to Contemporary Ethnoracial Law in Multicultural Ecuador: The “Changing Same” of Anti-Black Racism as Revealed by Two Lawsuits Filed by Afrodescendants Serving Status on the Gambia River Before and After Abolition The Problem: Religion within the World of Slaves The Crying Child: On Colonial Archives, Digitization, and Ethics of Care in the Cultural Commons A “tone of voice peculiar to New-England”: Fugitive Slave Advertisements and the Heterogeneity of Enslaved People of African Descent in Eighteenth-Century Quebec Valongo: An Uncomfortable Legacy Raising -
The Buffalo Soldiers Study, March 2019
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUFFALO SOLDIERS STUDY MARCH 2019 BUFFALO SOLDIERS STUDY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The study explores the Buffalo Soldiers’ stewardship role in the early years of the national Legislation and Purpose park system and identifies NPS sites associated with the history of the Buffalo Soldiers and their The National Defense Authorization Act of 2015, post-Civil War military service. In this study, Public Law 113-291, authorized the Secretary of the term “stewardship” is defined as the total the Interior to conduct a study to examine: management of the parks that the US Army carried out, including the Buffalo Soldiers. “The role of the Buffalo Soldiers in the early Stewardship tasks comprised constructing and years of the national park system, including developing park features such as access roads an evaluation of appropriate ways to enhance and trails; performing regular maintenance historical research, education, interpretation, functions; undertaking law enforcement within and public awareness of the Buffalo Soldiers in park boundaries; and completing associated the national parks, including ways to link the administrative tasks, among other duties. To a story to the development of national parks and lesser extent, the study also identifies sites not African American military service following the managed by the National Park Service but still Civil War.” associated with the service of the Buffalo Soldiers. The geographic scope of the study is nationwide. To meet this purpose, the goals of this study are to • evaluate ways to increase public awareness Study Process and understanding of Buffalo Soldiers in the early history of the National Park Service; and The process of developing this study involved five phases, with each phase building on and refining • evaluate ways to enhance historical research, suggestions developed during the previous phase. -
Trade and Plunder Networks in the Second Seminole War in Florida, 1835-1842
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2005 Trade and Plunder Networks in the Second Seminole War in Florida, 1835-1842 Toni Carrier University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Carrier, Toni, "Trade and Plunder Networks in the Second Seminole War in Florida, 1835-1842" (2005). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2811 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trade and Plunder Networks in the Second Seminole War in Florida, 1835-1842 by Toni Carrier A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Brent R. Weisman, Ph.D. Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. Trevor R. Purcell, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 14, 2005 Keywords: Social Capital, Political Economy, Black Seminoles, Illicit Trade, Slaves, Ranchos, Wreckers, Slave Resistance, Free Blacks, Indian Wars, Indian Negroes, Maroons © Copyright 2005, Toni Carrier Dedication To my baby sister Heather, 1987-2001. You were my heart, which now has wings. Acknowledgments I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to the many people who mentored, guided, supported and otherwise put up with me throughout the preparation of this manuscript. To Dr. -
African Americans Reclaiming the Indigenous Past RUTH MATHIS and TERRY WEIK
15 Not just Black and White: African Americans reclaiming the Indigenous past RUTH MATHIS AND TERRY WEIK GOING BACK TO FETCH IT In the last four decades, archaeologists have actively addressed the history of the African Diaspora but now the time has come to broaden the scope of inquiry to include their Indigenous heritage and relationships with other Indigenous peoples. The cultural identity of the people of the African Diaspora throughout the Americas will not be fully understood until their own cultural beliefs and interchanges with Indigenous Americans are given full consideration. Africans were forcibly brought to the Americas, and, like other Indigenous folks, displaced from their homelands. If we determine that people removed from their land are no longer Indigenous, then many present-day American Indians would not qualify as such. Clearly, ‘Indigenous’ should be defined to include the geography and context of each population’s historical trajectory Further, Indigenous peoples in the Americas, displaced and otherwise, are reclaiming their heritage in a way that illuminates forgotten social and political linkages, while seeking redress for historic injustices committed against them. This reclamation moves beyond white scholars’ Eurocentric expectations of marginalized historical identities. Archaeology will play an important role in this rebirth of African American and Native American agency in theory and practice. In what follows, we outline a perspective on archaeology that accounts for this African-Amerindian interaction and that re-categorizes the racial and ethnic terminology of Black, Indian, mestizo, mulatto, slave, etc. toward one of cultural interchange and genesis. At the same time, we critique the modern practice of archaeology as a profession that defines cultural identity and often ignores the political consequences of such redefinitions for living descendants. -
X VICINITY of 1St Robert Livingston STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Louisiana 22 St
Form No. 10-300 REV. (9/77) bATA UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES i INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS iNAME **- HISTORIC Fort Proctor AND/OR COMMON LOCATION STREET& NUMBER —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Lia? fU- 4 . t -x_ VICINITY OF 1st Robert Livingston STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Louisiana 22 St. Bernard 087 *"" CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT —PUBLIC —OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM X-BUILDING(S) -^PRIVATE ^.UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT _IN PROCESS —YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC _XBEING CONSIDERED J^YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY _?OTHER: OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Shell Beach Properties, Inc. J STREET& TOERSouth Carollton Avenue CITY. TOWN STATE New Orleans _ VICINITY OF Louisiana i i1 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC. St. Bernard Parish Courthouse STREET & NUMBER CITY. TOWN STATE Chalmette Louisiana 1 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TlYLE Louisiana Historic Sites Survey DATE 1978 —FEDERAL J^STATE —COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS State Historic Preservation Office CITY. TOWN STATE Baton Rouge Louisiana DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE .EXCELLENT .^DETERIORATED .^UNALTERED ^ORIGINAL SITE .GOOD —RUINS —ALTERED —MOVED DATE. _FAIR _UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The work (or fort) at Proctor's Landing was built on the southern shore of Lake Borgne along a road which ran beside Bayou Terre aux Boeufs. The road and the bayou were both major means of access to the city of New Orleans, and thus a potential invasion route.