Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2011
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1 2 3 Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2011 Contacts: JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Environment and Sustainability Land Management and Natural Hazards Unit Guido Schmuck [email protected] Jesús San-Miguel-Ayanz [email protected] Andrea Camia [email protected] Tracy Durrant [email protected] Roberto Boca [email protected] Ceri Whitmore [email protected] Giorgio Libertá [email protected] Paolo Corti [email protected] DIRECTORATE-GENERAL ENVIRONMENT Directorate B: Nature Agriculture, Forests & Soil Unit Ernst Schulte [email protected] MEMBER STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES See list of contributors for country reports. Sources of data and comments are also given in the text. 4 5 6 Table of Contents Page 1 Preface ......................................................................................................... 8 2 Forest fires 2011 in the European countries .................................................. 9 2.1 Southern most affected Countries (1980 – 2011) .......................................... 9 2.1.1 Portugal ............................................................................................. 12 2.1.2 Spain ................................................................................................ 17 2.1.3 France ............................................................................................... 22 2.1.4 Italy .................................................................................................. 25 2.1.5 Greece .............................................................................................. 28 2.2 Other European countries ........................................................................ 31 2.2.1 Austria .............................................................................................. 31 2.2.2 Bulgaria ............................................................................................. 32 2.2.3 Cyprus .............................................................................................. 33 2.2.4 Estonia .............................................................................................. 35 2.2.5 Finland .............................................................................................. 36 2.2.6 FYROM .............................................................................................. 37 2.2.7 Germany ........................................................................................... 38 2.2.8 Hungary ............................................................................................ 40 2.2.9 Ireland .............................................................................................. 42 2.2.10 Kosovo .............................................................................................. 45 2.2.11 Latvia ................................................................................................ 47 2.2.12 Lithuania ........................................................................................... 48 2.2.13 Norway .............................................................................................. 50 2.2.14 Poland ............................................................................................... 51 2.2.15 Romania ............................................................................................ 56 2.2.16 Russian Federation .............................................................................. 59 2.2.17 Slovak Republic .................................................................................. 60 2.2.18 Slovenia ............................................................................................ 61 2.2.19 Sweden ............................................................................................. 63 2.2.20 Switzerland ........................................................................................ 65 2.2.21 Turkey .............................................................................................. 66 2.3 MENA Countries ..................................................................................... 70 2.3.1 Algeria .............................................................................................. 70 2.3.2 Morocco ............................................................................................. 72 2.3.3 Lebanon ............................................................................................ 76 3 THE EUROPEAN FOREST FIRE INFORMATION SYSTEM (EFFIS) .................... 79 3.1 EFFIS Danger Forecast: 2011 results ......................................................... 79 3.2 EFFIS Rapid Damage Assessment: 2011 results ......................................... 87 Southern most affected countries .................................................................... 90 3.2.1 Portugal ............................................................................................. 90 3.2.2 Spain ................................................................................................ 90 3.2.3 France ............................................................................................... 91 7 3.2.4 Italy ...................................................................................................91 3.2.5 Greece ...............................................................................................92 South and East Europe ....................................................................................92 3.2.6 Cyprus ...............................................................................................92 3.2.7 Albania ...............................................................................................93 3.2.8 Bosnia-Herzegovina..............................................................................93 3.2.9 Bulgaria ..............................................................................................94 3.2.10 Croatia ...............................................................................................94 3.2.11 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) .....................................94 3.2.12 Montenegro .........................................................................................94 3.2.13 Romania .............................................................................................95 3.2.14 Serbia ................................................................................................95 3.2.15 Turkey ...............................................................................................95 Central and Northern Europe ............................................................................96 3.2.16 Belgium ..............................................................................................96 3.2.17 Ireland ...............................................................................................96 3.2.18 The Netherlands ..................................................................................96 3.2.19 Norway ..............................................................................................97 3.2.20 Sweden ..............................................................................................97 3.2.21 Switzerland .........................................................................................97 3.2.22 UK .....................................................................................................97 North Africa ...................................................................................................98 3.2.23 Algeria ...............................................................................................98 3.2.24 Morocco ..............................................................................................98 3.2.25 Tunisia ...............................................................................................98 3.3 European Fire Database ...........................................................................99 Background documentation ............................................................................. 102 ANNEX I – Summary Tables of Fire Statistics ................................................... 103 8 1 PREFACE The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) was established with the aim of providing harmonised information on forest fires at the European level. For this purpose collaboration with EU Member States and neighbouring countries has been ongoing since 1998. Since then, EFFIS has provided an ideal platform for countries to exchange good practices on fire prevention, fire fighting, restoration practices and other activities related to fire management. Currently, EFFIS is further expanding to other countries with high or increasing fire risk. In 2011, with the support of Silva Mediterranea (FAO) and GIZ*, the European Commission prepared the ground for involving Middle East and North African (MENA) countries in EFFIS activities and including them as members of its Expert Group on Forest Fires (EGFF). We have recently welcomed Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Lebanon as the southernmost newcomers to EFFIS. As regards the Northern European countries, a particular interest has been shown in EFFIS activities to date. In 2012 Ireland, the Netherlands and Norway have designated national experts to become members of the EGFF. To a certain degree, the new memberships may be