General The need for protection Protection of Trees Nature Monuments Trees nature monuments or Giant Trees, are significant elements The value of trees-monuments has no direct relation to economic in Cyprus of our natural and cultural heritage. They have lived in periods with sizes. It is mainly emotional and aesthetic and often scientific, eco- The protection of trees-monuments in the state forests has been highly adverse conditions and survived extreme climatic conditions logical, historical and cultural. feasible for many years now with the implementation of the Forest and the passage of time but also the disastrous fury of fire and irra- Many of us have felt strong feelings of admiration and awe at the Legislation. But it is a fact that the need for protection of these tional actions of man. They are witnesses to distant historical sight of a giant tree. The man of today shows a spontaneous respect trees even in state forests was recognized only in the last two events and are often closely associated with the traditions, myths for trees which have survived over the centuries at a specific loca- decades, when a systematic effort for their effective protection was and legends of our cruelly tried island. Contemporary Cyprus soci- tion and is prepared to take the necessary measures for their launched. ety has a duty to protect them as living monuments of nature and preservation. The protection of trees outside state forests is achieved with their as remarkable aesthetic and cultural elements. A typical example which shows the economic cost the Cyprus soci- declaration as protected, through the issuing of a Preservation ety is prepared to pay for the preservation of a tree-monument is a Order under the provisions of the Country and Town Planning What are the Trees Nature Monuments? terebinth tree in Pafos for the preservation of which many changes Law, section 39(I). In practice the procedure includes the location have been made in the construction plans of a road with an addi- of the tree or a request by the local authorities or by the owner and The Terebintht Tree of Panagia Angeloktisti at Kiti (Pistacia atlantica) When we talk about trees nature monuments we mean trees or tional cost of over 119.600. This example is undoubtedly a good subsequently the evaluation and description of the tree by the € Department of Forests which submits a relevant suggestion to the Kouka, Laneia, Pano Platres, high shrubs with unusually large dimensions and of very old age, indication of the great importance society attaches to such trees. generally exceeding two or three centuries. Town Planning and Housing Department to promotion the issuing Pera Pedi, Prodromi, Fiti, Fteri- of an order. In this way, both isolated remarkable trees and groups koudi, Choulou (10 trees) It is evident that there can be no concrete limits regarding the Monumental trees of Cyprus of trees may be declared as protected. 2. Laurel (Laurus nobilis): Omodos dimensions a tree should have in order to be classified as a nature (1 tree) monument. The dimensions of a tree depend, to a large extent, on These trees are inspected every year by specially trained forest Trees-monuments lived in the previous centuries when extremely officials and their maintenance is carried out with special funds 3. Olive tree (Olea europaea): the species, the ecological conditions and other factors. Thus, a adverse conditions prevailed in our island for their survival: lack of included each year in the budget of the Department of Forests. Anglisides, Steni (2 trees) pine tree to be classified as a natural monument should have a legislation for their The maintenance work is costly, to some extent dangerous and 4. Forest Oak (Casuarina equiseti- diameter of more than 100 cm, while a golden oak or a juniper with protection, uncon- requires diligence, skill and specialized knowledge since specialized folia): Psimolofou (1 tree) a diameter of more than 50 cm may be regarded as rare. trolled woodcutting, techniques are often applied. 5. Grape (Vitis vinifera): Argaka (1 Accordingly, a pine tree growing on a windy mountain ridge, with tree) since wood was the Further below reference is made to trees which have been shallow and poor soil may be 200 years old and its diameter may 6. Mediterranean Cypress (Cu- only source of ener- declared as protected and are situated outside the state forests as not exceed 50 cm and its height may be limited. Apart from dimen- pressus sempervirens): Nisou (1 The Mediterranean Cypress gy for man, and com- well as examples of century-old trees (nature monuments) found sions and age, the historical value which a tree may have, or other tree) of the Frank at Nisou plete lack of respect on state forest land and protected by the Forest Legislation. characteristics such as its location, plant species and vigor, may 7. Golden Oak (Quercus alnifolia): (Cupressus sempervirens for the environment, var. sempervirens) increase its significance. Apliki (1 tree) leading to irrational A. Isolated trees occurring outside state forest that have been Some trees such as poplars, walnut trees, fig trees and oriental 8. Rosewood (Tipuana tipu): Kolossi exploitation of natu- declared as protected until the end of 2011 (a total of 81 alder are normally short-lived and thus they rarely acquire big (1 tree) ral resources. trees) dimensions or have such a long life as to be described as monu- 9. Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera ssp. calliprinos) Kalopanagiotis For the above rea- 1. Oak Tree (Quercus infectoria ssp. veneris): Kampos, Kato Pyrgos, (1 tree) ments. Long-lived trees such as the olive tree, the oak tree and the sons very few centu- Kermes Oak of Panagia Theoskepasti at 10. Stone Pine (Pinus pinea): Filani (1 tree) terebinth, endure longer and present more often examples of ry-old trees have Kalopanagiotis (Quercus coccifera ssp. 11. Oriental Plane (Platanus orientalis): Nisou, Koilani (2 trees) trees-monuments.. calliprinos) managed to survive. 12. Storax (Styrax officinalis): Salamiou (1 tree) These were mainly: 13. Sycamore Fig (Ficus sycomorus): Agia Napa (1 tree) 14. Terebinth Tree (Pistacia atlantica): Apesia, Kritou Marottou, G Trees which were regarded as sacred and were dedicated to Limnatis, Poli Chrysochous, Simou (5 trees) some Saint. They were usually near churches as for example the 15. Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua): Steni (1 tree) kermes oak of Panagia Theoskepasti at Kalopanagiotis, the tere- 16. White Mulberry (Morus alba): Trachypedoula, Steni (2 trees) binth tree of Panagia Angelochtisti and the Mediterranean cypress of Agios Nikolas at Kathikas village of Pafos. B. Groups of Trees outside state forests that have been declared as protected until the end of 2011 (a total of 20 groups) G Trees which were near ancient monuments, the sycamore fig of 1. Olive Trees (Olea europaea): Empa, Xyliatos and Flasou Agia Napa and rosewood at Kolossi. 2. Eucalypt Trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis): Aglantzia G Trees occurring in state forests where the forest legislation is 3. Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua): Tala applied for at least 120 years, particularly trees in inaccessible 4. Cypress Trees (Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens): areas. Meneou, Troulli 5. Terebinth Trees (Pistacia atlantica): Emba, Kiti. G Trees which were valuable for their fruit mainly olive trees, the oak trees for the acorns used as fodder for pigs and terebinths Apart from the above trees, a list of several other trees monuments of nature is before the Minister of the Interior for which protection for their edible fruit and their gum. The Oak Tree of Laneia (Quercus Infectoria ssp. veneris) The Terebinth Tree of Apeshia (Pistacia atlantica) orders will soon be published. C. Trees-Monuments in state tree grows today and A tradition says that in 1571 AD when the Turks invaded Cyprus forest land when he rose to his feet they looted and destroyed the whole Marathassa area and only the In state forests, hundreds of he picked his things but church of Panagia Theoskepastri was miraculously saved. It is trees monuments of nature before leaving, he ope- believed that it was hidden from the Turks by the dense crown of Kermes Oak which was near the entrance of the church and it is which are protected under the ned a hole with his thanks to this miracle that the church was given the name forest legislation, have been walking stick and pra- “Theoskpepasti” (Protected by God). recorded. The most remarkable yed to God that a tree should grow for passers- and definitely the most numer- Basic measures for the protection ous are the Pine trees of by to rest under its Troodos or Black Pine (Pinus shade. It is rumoured of trees-monuments or other significant trees nigra ssp. pallasiana). Dozens of that this cypress tree has since grown and The Cypress Tree of Agios Nikolaos at Some very basic measures are mentioned below which should be such trees have survived at an Kathikas (Cupressus sempervirens var. those passing by, rest taken to slow down the symptoms of ageing of trees-monuments altitude of more than 1 600m, horizontalis) and of other significant trees. aged between 500 - 1000 years under its shade. As can (a) In cases where there are cobblestones, reinforced concrete or which in some cases form centu- Black Pine at Troodos (Pinus easily be noticed most of the branches of the cypress tree have the nigra ssp. pallasiana) shape of a walking stick. asphalt within the area of the crown of the tree, holes should ry-old stands. be opened or small grills should be made in the area of the root Other trees-monuments Another story about this tree is the following: Many years ago, an system so that the ventilation of roots may be facilitated and inhabitant of the village, as he himself told us, cut some branches are foetid junipers the tree may get water, liquid fertilizer or even special chem- from a cypress tree and loaded them on his donkey in order to take (Juniperus foetidissi- icals.