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EDITORIAL COUNCIL 1505 Race Street Edwin H. Rian Ned B. Stonehouse Thomas R. Birch Philadelphia, Penna. Leslie W. Sloat Murray Forst Thompson ManagIng EdItor Why Are We Here? A Sermon Preached by the Pastor of Immanuel Presbyterian Church (Unaffiliated), West Collingswood, New Jersey, on the Occasion of the Fourth Anniversary of the Church's Withdrawal Froln the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. By the REV. WILLIAM T. STRONG FOUR years ago an historic congregational meeting supposed to be an unpardonable sin today. To be called took place in the old church building two blocks narrow is to be called something that should make a from here, as a result of which the Presbytery of West man hang his head in shame. But we accept the indict­ Jersey was notified next day that, by an overwhelming ment and plead guilty. They are right! We are narrow, majority, we had voted to withdraw from the Presby­ and that is one of the reasons why we are here today! terian Church in the U.S.A. Four months later we We believe that the gospel of Christ has a very definite voluntarily withdrew from our church building and, content and that, although on some things there is room under the name we bear today, began holding our for differences of interpretation, there is nevertheless a Sunday services in the local theater. This we continued certain minimum of faith to which it is necessary for to do for 20 months and then, after months of hoping one to subscribe in order to be considered orthodox. and praying and planning and working, we moved into There is a circle of doctrine which a man cannot this new church building on June 12, 1938. What abandon without committing the sin of apostasy and memories are ours as we review the struggles of these bringing upon himself the condemnation of God and years! We shall never cease to be grateful for the of God's people. faithfulness and industry of those men who labored The deliverance of the General Assembly of 1923 so fervently to enable us to be where we are today. set forth five points which certainly may be regarded And I am absolutely certain that on the last day their as a minimum for faith: 1. The inspiration and infalli­ labors of love will be remembered by the great Head bility of Holy Scripture. 2. The virgin birth of Christ. of the church when He distributes His rewards. 3. The death of Christ as a substitutionary sacrifice to So here we are, a stone's throw from where we used satisfy divine justice. 4. The bodily resurrection of to be. And a newcomer to our community, unfamiliar Christ from the dead. 5. The reality and supernatural with the story and noting the existence of two Presby­ character of the miracles of Christ. But people who terian churches two blocks apart, would be curious to believe these things, and who insist that belief in them know the reason. I want to deal with his question this is essential to orthodoxy, are considered narrow in our morning-WHY are we here? day. We are considered narrow because we believe them. Well, if that be narrowness, then let them make Because We Are Narrow! the most of it! We glory in it! There are those who, if asked, would say in tones More than that, we are narrow enough to refuse to of contempt, "Oh, those people over there [pointing support a denomination that says it does not matter in our direction] are narrow." Now narrowness is whether its ministers believe these doctrines or not. 34 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN August 10

That this is the actual position of the everybody has either been involved in God's Word, for we could not have Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. is or knows something about "a church stayed in without tragic and cowardly beyond question in the light of the scrap." Most church fights are wholly compromise. Oh, we could have stayed following facts: 1. Not a single one unnecessary, springing from petty in, as many professed Fundamental­ of the nearly 1300 ministers who animosities or differences of opinion, ists did, and kept quiet about the signed the Auburn Affirmation, thus and resulting in weakened churches Modernism of the official denomina­ declaring that they did not regard it and injury to the cause of Christ. tional program-but that would have J as necessary for Presbyterian min­ But our coming here was a part of a heen cowardly and sinful compromise! isters to believe the five points of the fight in which God was glorified! That would have been the stultifying 1923 declaration, has been brought Ours was a "good" fight! Yes, we of conscience, and the contemptible to trial for heresy and cast out of plead guilty to this charge also, and evasion of a clear-cut challenge to I the denomination. 2. Within the last we do so without shame, for our our loyalty to Christ and His Word. , few years there have been at least fighting was for the glory of God, What of those misguided souls who .. three professors teaching at Prince­ for the defense of His Word, and in stayed in the camp that had cast out ton Seminary, orthodoxy's last strong­ obedience to His clear command. If Machen and other defenders of the hold among the seminaries of the we engaged in contention, it was that faith, what of those men who re­ Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.. earnest contending for the faith en­ mained behind and declared, "We'll who are known to have rejected joined upon us in Jude 3. If we fight from within. VVe have just be­ some or all of the five points of doc­ strove, it was "striving together for gun to fight!"? Charity forbids the trine of the 1923 deliverance. 3. The the faith of the gospel" (Phil. 1: 27). mention of their names-but where 1940 General Assembly of the Pres­ And we have not only the plain ex­ are they now? What has happened byterian Church in the U.S.A., meet­ hortations of Scripture to send us to their valiant intentions? Silence! ing in Rochester, N. Y, unanimously into battle, but also the constraint of Inaction! Complacent indifference to elected as its moderator Dr. William unimpeachable example. The Lord the condition of the denomination at Lindsay Young, a signer of the Au­ Jesus Christ Himself was a fighter! large! This is the record of the last burn Affirmation. The runner-up for Did He not scorch with holy anger four years as far as they are con­ that office was Dr. J. B. C. Mackie, the religious teachers of His day who cerned. It will not be denied that also a signer of that heretical docu­ twisted the Word of God unto the some have talked-a little. But it has ment. 4. A survey of the personnel damnation of their hearers? The been cheap talk; talk that cost noth­ of the standing committees of the Apostle Paul was a fighter! Read ing; talk that accomplished nothing. general assembly reveals the fact that Galatians, and hear him anathematize The church's battles against heresy 50 per cent. of the important standing those who would tamper with the have been won only when talk was committees were headed by Auburn purity of the gospel. backed up by sweat and blood and Affirmationists, with 18 other Affirma­ Our separation from the Presbyte­ sacrifice, and the whole weight of tionists sprinkled throughout the 15 rian Church in the U.S.A. was re­ the talker's being! committees. 5. And last, but by no quired if we were to be obedient to We admit it-we are fighters; and means least, that assembly unani­ that is one of the reasons why we mously rejected an overture from the are here today. There are times in Presbytery of Arkansas requesting TABLE OF CONTENTS men's lives when they must choose that the five points of doctrine, af­ between an honorable war and a dis­ firmed as essential by the assembly of August 10, 1940 honorable peace. The Presbyterian 1923, be reaffirmed by the 1940 as­ conflict brought us to such a time. Why Are We Here? 33 We chose war. And I am absolutely sembly! William T. Strong It should be tremendously signifi­ sure that, on the last day, the great cant to thoughtful people that the The Southern Church and the Head of the church will tell us that 1940 General Assembly of the Pres­ Auburn Affirmation 35 we chose aright! Leslie W. Sloat byterian Church in the U.S.A. unani­ mously elected an Auburn Affirma­ Prophet and Priest 37 Because We Are Fools! tionist to the highest office in the J. Gresham Machen There are those who say, with scorn and perhaps with a mixture of church, and then, not long after, An Important Announcement 40 unanimously turned down' an earnest sadness and pity, "Those people are request from one of its presbyteries Editorial ...... 41 foolish." The congregation was fool­ for a reaffirmation of the clear-cut The Calvary Church of Willow Grove .. 42 ish to give up a comfortable church doctrinal pronouncement of the 1923 building and start again "from Prayer-What Shall We Pray? .... 43 assembly ! We are too narrow to be­ scratch." Think of all the trouble we long to such a denomination! Burton L. Goddard could have saved ourselves! The pas­ Missionary Heroes of the Past .... 44 tor was foolish to leave a prosperous Because We Are Fighters! Robert S. Marsden denomination with many opportunities Then there are those who would for personal advancement. Yes, we So Great Salvation ...... 46 were fools all right! Satan has no explain our being here today by say­ Henry D. Phillips ing, "Those people are fighters." Now doubt whispered this in our ears more this sounds very bad indeed. Almost NEWS 47 (Please Turn to Page 45) ~

The Presbyterian Guardian Is published on the lOth and 25th of each month by The Presbyterian Guardian Publlslting Corporation. S/~ Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna., at the follOWing rates, payable in advance. for either old or new subscribers in any part of the world. pOStage prepatd: $1:00 per year; five or more copies either to separate addresses or in a package to one address 800 each per year" introductory rate. for new subscribers only: Three months for 25c. lOe per copy. No responsibility Is assumed for unsolicited manuscripts. Entered as second class matter Mar'ch " 1937, at Ill. Post Ollioo at Philadelphia. Pa.. under Ill. Act of Marell 3. 1879. 1940 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 35 The Southern Church and the Auburn Affirmation • By the REV. LESLIE W. SLOAT HE primary consideration in a pro­ The confession contains statements certain doctrinal standards and yet Tgram of church union should, we which do not pertain to the system of not hold at all to the doctrines con­ believe, be one of doctrine. Churches doctrine, as in its remarks concerning tained in those standards, With such which are basically agreed as to their the duties of magistrates, and the a view, there is never any need to conception of the system of doctrine statement in former editions that the change the church's creeds. One whereby Christianity is to be defined Pope was Antichrist. One may agree merely changes one's understanding may well explore the possibilities of with the statements at these points, of the "substance" of those creeds. organizational union. Churches which or one may not, but that does "..not It is really a most convenient pro­ are doctrinally disparate have no real affect one's acceptance of the docu­ cedure. When outsiders who are basis for such union. They may in­ ments as containing the "system of orthodox ask what the church be­ deed get together on a non-doctrinal doctrine" taught in Scripture. lieves, they are pointed to an ortho­ basis, or on a basis which is doc­ dox creed. But when outsiders (or trinally very loose, but such union has What Is the insiders) protest against the orthodox no place in the efforts of true Chris­ System of Doctrine? creed, they are told that only its sub­ tian folk. The Baptists, for example, What the vow has historically stance-and that conceived of in thor­ recognize the Lutherans but do not meant, as Dr. Charles Hodge tells us oughly modernist terms-really rep­ seek union with them. Since the in his famous Church Polity, is that resents the church's faith. The church churches are founded upon doctrine, one accepts the system of doctrine is able also to "keep up with the union of churches must also be basi­ contained in the confession as being times" by "interpreting" the confes­ cally doctrinal. the one taught in Scripture and adopts sion according to the latest religious This is true even where the pro­ that confession as his own. Now the fads. posed union is between churches system of doctrine contained in the Now it is usually very difficult to which nominally, at least, hold to the confession and catechisms is simply prove that an individual or a church same system of doctrine. When union that system known otherwise as Cal­ is really disloyal to its constitution is proposed between such churches, it vinism or the Reformed Faith. What when this attitude prevails and an is important that each shall know the Calvinism is, as a system of doctrine, orthodox flag is at the masthead. In attitude that the other takes toward can be historically determined. And the Northern Presbyterian Church, the apparently common system of doc­ it is in this sense that it is supposedly however, the Modernists failed to keep trine. And investigation may reveal accepted by one taking the vow. their secret. They issued the notori­ that underneath the common banner On the other hand, there have been ous Auburn Affirmation, and therein there is a real division-a gulf so those who take an entirely different told the whole story. That is the great gigantic as to preclude any real and view of the meaning of the ordina­ significance of that paper. Signed by true and honorable union. tion vow. According to this view, over 1200 ministers of the church, Someone may ask how it can be what one receives and adopts is not it frankly confesses doctrinal error, that churches which have, shall we every detail of the documents, nor but asserts that its signers are and say, identical doctrinal standards as yet the system of doctrine they con­ ought to be looked upon as true and their official creeds, can actually be tain, but only the substance of these -Ioyal to the church. miles apart doctrinally. Do not min­ documents. Moreover, according to In 1923 the general assembly had isters, when they are ordained, ac­ this view one may determine for made a declaration reaffirming a pre­ knowledge as their own the creed of oneself what that substance is. Thus vious declaration. Certain doctrines their church? And do they not agree a Methodist, looking through the con: were declared to be "essential doc­ to be loyal to that creed? Such is, in fession and finding there certain trines of the Word of God and our fact, what happens on the surface. things with which he agreed, might Standards" (i.e., the confession, etc.). But unfortunately language does not perhaps choose to consider those the These doctrines were the inerrancy always mean what it appears to say. substance of the confession, and of Scripture, the virgin birth of In the matter of the ordination vow might accordingly "receive and adopt" Christ, His death as a sacrifice to of the Presbyterian Church in the the confession. Now we do not mean satisfy divine justice and reconcile U.S.A., for example, it has been to say that we think this would be us to God, His bodily resurrection pointed out that there are different proper, or even intellectually honest. and His miracles. All of these doc­ views as to the meaning of that vow. It savors more of certain notorious trines, except perhaps the last, are According to that vow, one "receives Jesuitical practices than of sanctified dearly stated in practically the same and adopts the Confession of Faith" Christian conduct. But such a view language in the Confession of Faith of the church "as containing the sys­ has been held within the Presbyte­ and the Catechisms. That they are tem of doctrine taught in the Holy rian Church in the U.S.A. and, we essential to the Christian faith, not Scriptures." may say, such a view has now come only as understood by Calvinists but Now some have taken the attitude to dominate the denomination. also as understood by the whole that this means accepting every jot It becomes apparent at once that, church throughout its history, cannot and tittle, every phrase and clause of with this view of the meaning of be denied by anyone who has a true the confession as true. This is not so. ordination vows, a church can have historical perspective. Dr. Hodge. in 36 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN August 10 the book referred to above, gives a toward the constitution of the church, erances which added to or changed , summary of the system of doctrine and toward the Christian faith, who the terms of subscription of minis­ contained in the confession, and in­ now dominate the Northern Presby. terial members of the church. Such cludes by specific mention most of terian Church. One of them was could be done only by concurrence of these doctrines. elected moderator of the last assem­ the presbyteries. This claim is per­ bly (1940). And The Presbyterian fectly correct. But the error lies in What Is the Tribune, June 6, 1940, pp. 4, 5, holds I Auburn ARirmation? the implication that in the action f that this election relieves the Affirma­ of 1923 the assembly had actuallv Yet it was against this deliverance tionists of all suspicion and puts the "amended" the constitution in an ! of the General Assembly of 1923 that stamp of the church's approval upon unconstitutional way-that it had at­ the Auburn Affirmation was issued. them. tempted to "commit the church to That document asserts, among other certain theories" of Christianity­ things, that "the doctrine of iner­ Its Significance for the that, in, the words of the Protest of rancy" of the Scriptures really "im­ Southern Church 1923, it had sought "to impose ... pairs their supreme authority for faith Now what is the significance of all doctrinal tests other than or in addi­ and life...." It says that the doc­ this for the Presbyterian Church in tion to" those in the constitution. In trines included in the assembly's ac­ the U.S., the Southern Presbyterian 1923 the assembly had only stated tion are merely "theories" concerning Church? ' what was in the constitution, and certain great "facts and doctrines." The Southern Church has for some only some of that. Its right to do so And persons who do not hold to these years been considering union with its is obvious. It is merely saying that particular theories, but who hold to Northern neighbor. Opposition to this the church has a constitution, and the the "facts and doctrines" should have union has arisen, much of it doc­ constitution means what it says, so perfectly good standing. Thus one trinal in character. Those opposing it that to accept the constitution means who believes the Bible inspired but not have used the Auburn Affirmation as to accept what the constitution says. inerrant should have good standing oneof their chief weapons. The inter­ Dr. Lingle overlooks this fact com­ in the church. One who believes est in the Affirmation has grown to pletely, as he overlooks the doctrinal Christ was divine but denies the such an extent that Dr. Walter L. heresies admitted in the Affirmation. "virgin birth" (what alternatives are Lingle has seen fit to print it in its He takes the lead in presenting the possible?) should be accepted. One entirety in his department of the Affirmation to the people of the who believes in the resurrection Christian Observer for July 17, 1940. Southern Church, but at the same but denies the "bodily" resurrection We are of course glad that the time attempts to suggest the attitude should also be received. And one who document has been placed in the the church should take toward the believes Christ somehow saves, but hands of members of the Southern Affirmation, and his suggestion seems denies that His death was a sacrifice Church. But Dr. Lingle has seen to be that the church should be sym­ to satisfy divine justice and reconcile fit to make some comments concern­ pathetic. But is the Southern Presby­ us to God-such an one should also ing it, and the tendency of his com­ terian Church willing to say that have a place of good standing in our ments-or so it seems to us-is to one's adoption of the Confession of pulpits. overlook entirely the bad features of Faith means merely one's adoption In spite of these frank admissions the paper and emphasize those with of what one conceives to be the sub­ of disagreement with the confessional which there might be agreement. Of stance of that confession? Andis doctrine of the church, these men course, the comments are brief. But that church willing to go on and assure us : "We affirm and declare they concern almost entirely the ar­ say that its general assembly has no our acceptance of the Westminster guments used by the signers of the right to say what the confession con­ Confession of Faith, as we did at Affirmation themselves to justify their tains, but must leave that to every our ordinations, 'as containing the position. The signers claimed the as­ individual to decide for himself? To system of doctrine taught in the Holy sembly had no power to issue deliv- take such an attitude is to open the Scriptures.''' And again : "We sin­ doors to every shade of opinion and cerely hold and earnestly preach the every heresy that has ever masquer­ doctrines of evangelical Christianity aded under the name of Christianity. in agreement with the historic testi­ 'Southern Church The glory of the Presbyterian Church mony of the Presbyterian Church in during past years has been that it the U.S.A." Fund was a confessional church, holding In other words, to accept the HAVE you sent your gift to fearlessly aloft the banner of the true and consistent Biblical Christian Confession of Faith means merely to the Southern Church accept what we want to accept of it. faith. In the Northern Church this And to preach Christianity means Fund of The Presbyterian glory has departed. Those who would merely to preach our ideas of the Guardian? It will enable us to maintain that faith have been forced doctrines of evangelical Christianity send this timely article, and a to withdraw from it. (which may not be evangelical at all) host of similarly informative It is our earnest hope that in all considerations of union between the in agreement with our idea of the discussions soon to be pub­ historic testimony of the church Northern and Southern Presbyterian (which may actually be the exact lished, to the ministers of the Churches the significance of the Au­ opposite of the real historic testimony Southern Presbyterian Church. burn Affirmation, as opening the door of the church). to heresy under the guise, of loyalty, It is men who hold this attitude will not be overlooked. 37 1940 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN Prophet and Priest The Eighth in a Series of Radio Addresses Broadc:ast on the Westminster Seminary Ho"r D"ring the Fall of 1936 • By the REV. J. GRESHAM MACHEN, D.O., Litt.D.

E ARE now dealing with the We shall one day have that won­ the Father," says Jesus in the l Ith W three offices which Christ exer­ derful privilege, as it was had long chapter of Matthew. But although cises as our Redeemer. They are the ago by the writer of the Fourth there are depths in the person of offices of a prophet, of a priest, and Gospel and the other eyewitnesses of Jesus which no mere man can know, of a king. the earthly ministry of Jesus. We nevertheless the devout reader of the So far we have dealt only with the shall have that wonderful privilege Gospels does acquire a knowledge of first of these-with Christ's office of when Jesus comes again. Then we Jesus which is wonderfully rich and a prophet. In that office of a prophet shall actually see with our very eyes true. It is not merely an external Christ reveals to us the will of God one who is truly God. knowledge; it is not merely a knowl­ for our salvation. In other words, He Meanwhile we can read in the Gos­ edge of this detail or that regarding proclaims the gospel to us. pels about the words and deeds of the things that Jesus saw and did: but We observed how He began that that same one. By that reading we it is a knowledge of the person Him­ proclamation of the gospel even in become truly acquainted with Him. self. Old Testament times. He sent the Much in His earthly life has not been We do rise from a reading of the Holy Spirit upon the Old Testament recorded in the Gospels. We are told Gospels, if we have read aright, with prophets and they testified beforehand little about the long years which He a true knowledge of the man Christ of Him. But ordinarily when we think spent at Nazareth until He was about Jesus. Nay, we rise from a read­ of Christ's office of a prophet we thirty years old. Only one glimpse-a ing of the Gospels also with the think of that part of the execution of wonderful glimpse, it is true-is given knowledge that the man Christ Jesus the office which Christ accomplished us from those years. We cannot give is also very God. Always the deity and is accomplishing after He became anything like a complete biography of of Christ shines through in the Gos­ man. Jesus. We cannot trace with anything pel picture. It appears in the lofty Last Sunday afternoon we spent like completeness the chronological claims of Jesus Himself-His claim most of our time dealing with the sequence of His words and deeds. But to do things that only God can do, teaching of Christ during His earthly there is one wonderful thing about His claim to forgive sins, His claim ministry. We observed that at! of that that which we do actually read about, to be the final judge of all the earth, teaching is to be regarded as part of there in the Gospels. The wonderful His claim to have in His own being Christ's execution of the office of a thing about it is that it does tell depths which only God the Father prophet, because in everything He us with matchless distinctness what knows, His claim to be one with the uttered He had the full presence of manner 0 f person' Jesus was. If we Father. The deity of Jesus appears in the Holy Spirit and spoke with the read the Gospels in sympathetic fash­ the sovereign power of J esus, sub­ full authority of the triune God. ion we do come into personal contact stantiating His lofty claims. Yes, it is Other prophets spoke with divine au­ with Jesus. certainly true that the Gospels present thority sometimes; Jesus spoke with Many biographies embracing many one who was God and man in two divine authority always. That is one volumes and full of the most minute distinct natures. great difference between Jesus and all and detailed information seem some­ Yet they also just as clearly present other prophets. how never to present to us the real one who was one person, and they en­ We observed also that another dif­ person whose life they are starting able us to know that person. Our ference is far greater still. That other out to describe. As we read them we knowledge of the person is given us difference is that, whereas other learn this thing and that thing that by the details which the Gospels tell prophets spoke for God, Jesus not only the man said and did, but somehow us about Him; it is entirely dependent spoke for God but was Himself God. the man himself seems to be hidden upon those details; but it is something He revealed God not only by what from us; we do not really get ac­ more than the sum of those details. If God gave Him to say but also by quainted with him when we read the we read the Gospels aright we know what He was. No man hath seen God learned book that recounts his life. more than this thing and that about at any time, says the Gospel of John. It is not so with the Gospels. How J esus. We know Jesus! But that same Gospel of John ·says in marvelously lifelike is the picture that Knowing Jesus, we trust Him. We the very same verse that Jesus, who they give of Jesus of Nazareth! What could not trust any other. But when was God's only begotten, has revealed wonderful insight is given into the we are confronted with the majestic that unseen God. When men looked depths of His soul! There are, indeed, and yet wonderfully tender and lov­ upon Jesus they actually saw with mysteries there. We always feel, as ing person who is presented to us in their eyes one who was truly God. we read, that we are dealing with a Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, then That is the marvel of the incarnation. person so mysterious that no man can we say, "Lord, I believe," and if we To behold with one's bodily eyes one ever fathom the depths of His being. also say, "Help thou mine unbelief," who was truly God-what greater Indeed the Gospels themselves, in the we can trust Him even to answer that wonder can there possibly be than words of Jesus that they report, tell prayer. The Bible does more than tell this? us that. "No one knoweth the Son but us, "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, 38 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN Augus+l0

and thou shalt be saved." It also tells gave the apostles the commission in that where the Holy Spirit is present us who that person is in whom we are virtue of which they gave the New Christ Himself is said to be present. asked to believe. The Bible is not un­ Testament books to the church, but Accordingly, when the Holy Spirit reasonable enough to ask us to put also He empowered the writers of the enlightens the mind of some still un­ our trust in one about whom we know New Testament books in their exe­ saved person so that he shall receive nothing, but it gives us, in the Gos­ cution of the commission. He sent the the gospel for the saving of his soul, pels, a wonderfully vivid account of Holy Spirit, and the Holy Spirit in­ that is not only the work of the the One whom it presents to us as the spired the writers of the New Testa­ Spirit; it is also part of Christ's exe­ object of our faith. If we really read ment books so that they were pre­ cution of His prophetic office. So also that account aright, we say that the served from error and so that the when the Holy Spirit is graciously One who is there presented to us is resulting books are the very Word of present with believers in their reading worthy of an utterly boundless con­ God. Even of the very first coming of of the Bible, enabling them to under­ fidence. We trust Him 'because we the Holy Spirit, on the day of Pente­ stand in ever greater fullness the know Him to be trustworthy. cost, the Apostle Peter said, speaking meaning of what they read and en­ That knowledge of Jesus which is of Jesus: abling them to receive it ever more imparted to us in the Gospels is part profoundly in their hearts as well as of Jesus' prophetic work. He pro­ Therefore being by the right in their minds, in order that they may claims to us the will of God for our hand of God exalted, and having practice it in their lives, that also if, salvation not only by telling us this received of the Father the prom­ part of Christ's execution of His thing or that about the way of salva­ ise of the Holy Ghost, he hath prophetic office. tion, not only by telling us this thing shed forth this, which ye now see Very comprehensive, then, is that or that that we should do, but also and hear (Acts 2: 33) . office of a prophet which Christ exe­ by presenting Himself to us in very cutes as our Redeemer. The Shorter person as the object of our faith. He The same thing is true of all subse­ Catechism is quite right in saying that offers Himself to us as our Saviour, quent operations of the Holy Spirit. Christ as our Redeemer executes the and in thus offering Himself to us as The New Testament delights to call office of a prophet not only by His our Saviour He is truly executing His the Holy Spirit not only the Spirit of word but also by His Spirit. And the office as a prophet.' He is revealing God but also, particularly, the Spirit Larger Catechism is quite right in God to us, as a true prophet reveals of Christ or the Spirit of Jesus, or the emphasizing, more clearly even than God-yet in a way that goes far be­ Spirit of the Son of God. The Holy does the Shorter Catechism, the won­ yond the way in which any other Spirit proceeds not only from the derful comprehensiveness of that prophet can reveal God. His own Father but also from the Son. That is prophetic work. "Christ executeth the words make that clear. "He that hath true not only of the mysterious eternal office of a prophet," it rightly says, "in seen me hath seen the Father," said relation between the persons of the his revealing to the Church in all Jesus. Jesus, my friends, is Himself godhead, but also of the operations of ages, by his Spirit and Word, in God, and His presentation to us of the. Holy Spirit in the church. So divers ways of administration, the His own person is the very centre of when the Holy Spirit inspired the whole will of God, in all things con­ His prophetic office. writers of the New Testament books, cerning their edification and salva­ That presentation of Jesus to us as so that what they wrote should be tion." our Saviour was, as we have seen, truly the Word of God, that was part But it is time now for us to turn carried on by the words and deeds of of the execution of the prophetic to the second of the three offices Jesus during His earthly ministry. But office of Jesus Christ. which Christ is said in the Catechisms it is very important to observe that it That brings us to speak of the third to execute as our Redeemer. That is did not cease when His earthly min­ way in which Christ continues to exe­ Christ's office of a priest. istry was over, and it is also very im­ cute His prophetic office after the con­ As we began our discussion of portant to observe that that part of it clusion of His earthly ministry. He Christ's office of a prophet by asking which was carried on after His executes it in the blessed ministra­ what is a prophet, so it would seem to earthly ministry was over was just as tions of the Holy Spirit to the indi­ be in the interests of logical symmetry truly carried on by Jesus Himself as vidual believer. We must not conceive for us to begin our discussion of was the part of it which was carried of the relations of the persons of the Christ's office of a priest by asking on during His earthly ministry. Trinity to one another too much after what is a priest. In the first place, Jesus provided the analogy of the relationships of Fortunately we have abundant ma­ even during His earthly ministry for finite persons. We must not apply any terials in the Bible for obtaining an the subsequent carrying on of His mechanical either-or to the question answer to that question. We not only prophetic work. He did that by choos­ whether it is the second or the third have descriptions of priests and their ing and commissioning His apostles. person of the Trinity who does this or activities from which we could our­ He invested His apostles with a super­ that. The New Testament does, in­ selves derive' a very clear notion of natural authority, and in the exercise deed, teach the true personality of the what the Bible regards as essential in of that authority they gave the New three persons. It does make a pro­ the priestly function, but also in the Testament books to the church. The found distinction between them. But Epistle to the Hebrews we have some­ authority of the New Testament books at the same time it teaches that where thing almost akin to an actual defini­ is not an authority independent of the Holy Spirit is present Christ is tion: Jesus, but it is an authority which present. So close is the relationship Jesus Himself imparted. between the Holy Spirit and the as­ For every high priest taken In the second place, Jesus not only cended Lord from whom He comes from among men is ordained for 1940 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 39

men in things pertaining to God, sacrifice and by making intercession for men. The priesthood of the Old that he may offer both gifts and for them, and if Christ is a priest, it Testament priests was but a shadow sacrifices for sins: who can have follows that Christ, in the execution of what was to come, and now that compassion on the ignorant, and of the office of a priest, will be found the reality has been established the on them that are out of the way; to perform those functions. An exam­ shadow has passed away. for that he himself also is com­ ination of the whole Bible will show We cannot possibly lay too great passed with infirmity. And by rea­ that such is actually the case, and one stress upon that fact. There is really son thereof he ought, as for the book of the Bible, the Epistle to the only one priest who can bring us sin­ people, so also for himself, to Hebrews, is concerned, almost from ners unto God; there is only one who offer for sins. And no man taketh the beginning to the end, with show­ can present us before the throne. this honor unto himself, but he ing that it is the case. Christ offered That one is Jesus Christ, and the that is called .of God, as was sacrifice for His people on the cross, means by which He presents us be­ Aaron (Heb. 5: 1-4). and He makes intercession for them. fore the throne is His death. Then He exercises, therefore, all parts of did He offer the one complete and Here the fundamental nature of the office of a priest. all-sufficient sacrifice for sin. Then priesthood appears very clearly. A It is true, of course, that there are did He offer Himself truly as the priest is a mediator between men and important differences between Christ's Lamb of God that taketh away the sin God. Men, not having direct access to execution of the office of a priest and of the world. God, or at least not having such direct the execution of it by other priests. It should be evident even this after­ access until it is secured for them by Other priests offer sacrifice re­ noon, before we go on to unfold any the priest, are dependent upon the peatedly; Christ offered it once and further what the Bible tells us about priest's mediation in their approach to for all. Other priests needed to offer the priestly work of Christ, that in God. He represents them in God's sacrifice for their own sins as well as dealing with the priestly work of presence. They wait without. He for the sins of their people; Christ, Christ we are dealing with the heart enters in unto God and pleads their being sinless, offered sacrifice for the of the gospel. We are dealing with cause. people's sins only. Other priests should the heart of the gospel because we are That being so, it is natural to dis­ have compassion on sinners because dealing with the cross of Christ. cover that the priest's function is two­ they are sinners too. Christ, being Will you believe that gospel this fold. First, he offers sacrifice; and, sinless, has compassion on sinners afternoon, my friends, if you have second, he engages in intercession. He only because He was tempted in all not already believed it? As Jesus offers sacrifice in order to expiate sin, points like as they are, and not at all knocks at the door of your heart, and make God propitious; and then because He Himself has sinned. will you open the door and receive he uses the access to God thus se­ Do these differences, and others, Him as your Saviour and your Lord? cured in order to be an advocate in mean that the Bible is using merely a God's presence of the people of whom figure of speech when it calls Christ he is the representative. Sacrifice and a priest? Do they mean that it is Bureau of intercession-those are the two chief merely using an analogy taken from Vital Statistics functions of a priest, according to the human life to describe as best it may Bible. a work of Christ which really Married: Miss Elizabeth Gillmore It may perhaps be said, with some transcends all such analogies? I do to the Rev. Marvin L. Derby of New degree of truth, that as a prophet is not think that is the way to look at Haven, Connecticut, June 21st, at a representative of God in the pres­ the matter at all. Exactly the opposite Hamilton, Ohio. ence of men, so a priest is a repre­ is the case. Far from saying that other At Bris, Virginia, Miss Phyllis Lit­ sentative of men in the presence of priests are the real priests and Christ tle to the Rev. Henry D. Phillips of God. But that formulation of the dif­ is a priest only in a figure, what we Washington, D. c., on July 27th. ference between the two offices is really ought to say is that Christ is At Westminster Seminary, June misleading if it is understood to mean the only real priest, and other priests 29th, Miss Elsie Schauffele to the Rev. that as a prophet is chosen by God to are at best priests only in a secondary Robert E. Nicholas. be His representative before men, so and partial sense. Very grandly does At Los Angeles, California, Miss a priest is chosen by men to be their the Epistle to the Hebrews bring that Kathleen Moote to the Rev. Dwight representative before God. The Epis­ out. Even the Old Testament priests, H. Poundstone, on June 14th. tle to the Hebrews, in the passage who unlike the priests in heathen re­ Born: To Dr. and Mrs. Donald K. which we have just quoted, is careful ligions have not usurped the priest­ Blackie of Escondido, California, a to point out that a priest is not hood but are truly appointed to be daughter, Priscilla Frances, on May chosen by men at all. Like a prophet, priests by God, are yet priests only in 27th. he is chosen by God. He is a repre­ a secondary and derived sense. Their To the Rev. and Mrs. Russell Dale sentative of men in the presence of priesthood brought access to God only Piper of Los Angeles, California, a God, but he does not take this honor by pointing forward to the one true son, Dale Ellis, on May 18th. unto himself, nor is he given it by priest, who on Calvary offered the To the Rev. and Mrs. John Davies those whose representative he is; but only sacrifice that can take away the of Gresham, Wisconsin, a daughter, he is called to this honor by God, as guilt of sin and cause sinful men to Beth Ann, on July 19th. was Aaron. be received by the righteous God, the (EDITOR'S NOTE: Ministers of The Well, then, if that is what a priest one true priest who alone has constant Orthodox Presbyterian Church are is, if a priest is one who approaches and untroubled access to God that He invited to submit notices for future God in behalf of men, by offering may continually make intercession instalments of this column.) 40 THE PRE'S BYTERIANGUARDIAN AuCJust 10

An Important Announcement To the Subscribers of • THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN N0 CHRISTIAN magazine has greater reason to be of THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN will be advanced to thankful to almighty God for His sustaining bless­ $1.50 (an increase of about 2¢ a copy). But because we ing than has THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN. Through­ realize how many people can spare only a dollar at a out the five years of its existence there has been repeated time, and how convenient the rate of a dollar really is, and abundant evidence that the benediction of God is we are beginning a new regular SUbscription rate of I resting upon its testimony. Despite the frequent attacks eight months for $1.00. This is exactly the same price ) of those who find themselves out of accord with the per month as the yearly rate. You will lose nothing by vigorous witness of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church taking advantage of it, except that you will have the and of THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN, our subscription inconvenience of renewing a little more often. ? list today is very nearly as large as when Dr. Machen The club rate after October 1st will be $1.00 a year (a was the editor. much smaller increase than in the single subscription Those of you who have been subscribers since the rate). This rate has purposely been kept low, in order inception of the magazine will recall that it was not to work a hardship on large groups in local churches originally published twice a month at the rate of $1.50 of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church, or on churches a year. Later it became possible to reduce that rate to or sessions which subscribe for every member of the the present $1.00 a year. In 1937, when retrenchment congregation. was imperative, it was decided to continue the same sub­ October 1st is more than a month and a half away, scription price, but to publish only one issue a month. and in the meantime you may renew your present sub­ That policy was followed until this year. scription (no matter when it expires) at the present Last Autumn we became convinced that, if THE rate of $1.00 a year for as many years as you wish. PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN were to be effective in the There is no limit whatever to the length of time for fulfillment of its mission, we must return to the orig­ which you may renew; and even a "lifetime subscrip­ inal frequency of publication-twice a month. Since tion" costs only $25.00. Simply send us your name and this involved a substantial increase in our budget, we address, together with your remittance at the rate of appealed to our subscribers for the support that would $1.00 a year for the number of years you wish to extend make such a change possible. A great many friends of your subscription, and the change of rate need not affect the magazine recognized the value of the proposal, and you for a long time to come. New gift subscriptions gave generously that it might be fulfilled. Although also will gladly be received at the old rate, as long as only a portion of the needed additional income was in they are postmarked not later than midnight of Mon­ sight, we felt justified in proceeding to enlarge the day, September 30th. Clubs of subscribers may also scope and influence of THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN renew at the present rate of 80¢ each per year (of by beginning twice-a-month publication on January 10, course, at least five members of the club must agree to 1940. The hearty and appreciative response of a host of renew for the same length of time). But don't delay readers has proven a hundredfold the wisdom of that until the last minute! Send a renewal now, and save 50¢ move. a year on future single subscriptions, or 20¢ a year Now we are turning to all of you who have voiced in clubs. your approval of the present semi-monthly policy, for We feel certain that you who have stood so loyally cooperation in helping us to continue the more effective with us during these years of struggle will recognize the ministry begun last January and even to put into effect necessity that forces us to ask your help. The enemy additional improvements truly has come in like a from time to time. New Subscription Rates flood, but the Spirit of The first six months of Effective October 1, 1940 the Lord has lifted up a 1940 have proven that it Single Subscriptions standard against him. is impossible for us to Eight months . $1.00 THE PRESBYTERIAN publish 24 issues a year GUARDIAN is bearing that One year , .. 1.50 at the former rate of standard high. Will you $1.00. Therefore, begin­ Club Subscriptions (Five or more) help us never to be forced ning October 1st, the Each, one year . 1.00 to lower it? yearly subscription rate Send your renewal now, and avoid this increase in rate -T. R. B. 1940· THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 41

akin to the zeal of the early Chris­ our nation that the question of what tians which we in our day would do falls within the sphere of "religion" well to emulate. is not a matter for the government The present persecution is the logi­ to decide. One may regard an oath cal result of the adverse decision taken in a court of law as a religious which the United States Supreme act contrary to the Word of God; in Court rendered in the case of the that case, one is permitted to "affirm." refusal of two child members of the One may be a member of a religious sect to salute the flag in the public body which has as one of its tenets EDITORIAL schools of Pennsylvania. The Supreme a pacifism which forbids the bearing Court held, in an eight to one deci­ of arms; in that case, one may serve sion, that it is within the province the government during a national of a school board to make such a emergency in some other way. Most ., \ Religious Liberty and requirement and that a board is within of us hold that the Bible permits the "Jehovah's Witnesses" its rights in excluding from its schools taking of oaths and the bearing of j anyone who refuses to comply with arms under such circumstances; yet o VOLTAIRE is credited the such a requirement (THE PRESBYTE­ we tolerate those who do not thus Twords, "I disapprove of what you RIAN GUARDIAN, July 10, 1940). When hold, and make provision for their say, but I will defend to the death this decision was handed down it was religious convictions. Most of us rec­ your right to say it." When he penned a signal for the persecution. And the ognize that the Bible does not forbid this, the famous agnostic echoed the present hysteria about "fifth colum­ the saluting of the flag, but again we sentiments of many Christians who nists" has undoubtedly done much to must tolerate those who believe other­ read with sorrow of the modern per­ fan the flames of the persecution. wise. secution of the sect known as "Je­ The Supreme Court decision strikes The present question is not dissim­ hovah's Witnesses." In this issue at the very essence of religious lib­ ilar to that of the attitude of the again, as in the past two issues, THE erty guaranteed by the first and four­ Japanese government regarding shrine PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN publishes teenth amendments to the Constitu­ worship. The government insists that news about this modern religious sect. tion of the United States, a liberty shrine worship is not a religious act It carries this news not because of close to the hearts of Protestant at all, but simply an evidence of one's any essential interest it has in the Christians. There can be no true re­ loyalty to the nation. And the J ap­ "Witnesses" themselves, but because ligious freedom unless the individual anese government holds that its de­ of the far-reaching consequences it is permitted to determine for himself, cision as to what is a religious act sees in the persecution of these people. within certain limits, what he regards is normative for all its subjects. To be sure, we cannet disapprove as "religion." No Christian church The Christian, on the other hand, is strongly enough of the doctrine which has ever taken the attitude that salut­ sure that worship at the shrines this sect seeks to propagate. Many of ing the flag was a religious act, yet violates the first and second command­ its doctrines are logically antithetical the "Witnesses" do take that attitude. ments.We are certain that the issue to Biblical Christianity and, as such, For them it is a religious act; in their concerning shrines is infinitely more must be opposed at every opportunity eyes saluting the flag marks them as clear than the issue raised by the by those who love the Lord. But the disloyal to the Word of God, for they "Witnesses," yet these two cases have right of these people to propagate regard it as a violation of the second a marked parallelism. Christians liv­ their doctrines, by any means which commandment. Since they sincerely ing under Japanese domination are will not interfere with the liberties hold that saluting the flag is a re­ willing to give clear evidence of their of people of other faiths, is one of ligious act contrary to the Word, loyalty to the nation, as symbolized those sacred rights for which Chris­ their conscientious obj ections should by the Emperor, but bow down to him tians may be willing even to die. be respected. No one denies that a in worship they will not! We hope The persecution of "Jehovah's Wit­ government has a right to demand and pray that the Japanese govern­ nesses" is an old story. It has cropped evidences of loyalty from those to ment will be brought to accept some up spasmodically for a number of whom it offers its protection. Saluting other evidence of the loyalty of years. It has been frequently justified the flag is exactly such an evidence Christians, just as we trust that the on the ground that these people have of loyalty. authorities, whether they be local made nuisances of themselves by their But from the thesis that the gov­ school boards or higher authorities, methods of propaganda. They have ernment has a right to demand a will permit "Jehovah's Witnesses" to used sound trucks; they have used particular and specific evidence of offer other evidences of their loyalty. loud-speaker systems; they have used loyalty which some of its citizens If, as is reliably reported, they would phonograph recordings; and they have regard as idolatry, we cannot but refuse proper loyalty to the duly con­ conducted vigorous house - to - house vigorously dissent. It is recognized in stituted authorities, they would there­ campaigns to distribute their litera­ by declare themselves anarchists who ture. These things, together with the could no longer claim the protection intense anti-Roman Catholic nature Missions of the government, and whose pres­ of their literature, have done much YOUR gifts to home and ence could not long be tolerated in the nation. to foster hatred and persecution of foreign missions are urg- them. While their methods of ex­ "Jehovah's Witnesses" are indeed a pressing it may be condemned, their ently needed. peculiar people, but so are Christians. zeal is to be commended and is much They are a stubborn people, who hold •

42 THE PRES BYTERIA NG UARDIAN August 10 tenaciously to the tenets of their re­ but a small minority-a minority no and complete church plant. ligion, just as Christians hold to the larger, perhaps, than today's little A two-manual Moller pipe organ, truths of theirs. It happens that now persecuted sect. If liberty is denied with 665 pipes, is housed in a spe­ in our country the conduct of Chris­ to "Jehovah's Witnesses," Christians cially built addition to the church, tians is not often condemned by the may well tremble for the dawning of and special music is a feature of the majority of the people. But the day that other dark day. Religious liberty, worship services. may come, as it has already come in they will discover, has perished on a The new building has, of course, a large part of the world, when Chris­ . totalitarian scaffold. stimulated the work. On two occasions tian conduct will be the conduct of -ROBERT S. MARSDEN there has been a church attendance of nearly 400. During the first quarter of the fiscal year 1939-40, average at­ tendance was as follows: Sunday school, 190; morning service, 180; The Calvary Church of Willow Grove evening service, 100. During the same period of the fiscal year 1940-41, aver­ Of The Orthodox Presbyterian Churc:h age attendance was: Sunday school, 257; morning service, 203; evening service, 115. N SEPTEMBER 30, 1936, by a getic building program have been At the annual business meeting, O vote of 200 to 25, the congre­ richly reaped by the Willow Grove held in April of this year, it was gation of the Willow Grove (Pa.) congregation. Almost as soon as wor­ evident that the church had had the Presbyterian Church voted to with­ ship services were begun in the Amer­ best year in its history. Gifts for cur­ draw with its pastor, the Rev. Robert ican Legion hall, a building fund was rent expenses were $4350; for the Strong, from the Presbyterian Church inaugurated. In the following spring new building $3100; for missions and a $4000 lot was purchased and on benevolences, $1200. It is significant April 23, 1939, ground was broken that the gifts to missions were sub­ for the new building. First worship stantially better than in the preceding services and the dedication of the year, despite the fact that there was building were held on September 17th a very natural emphasis upon the of that year. needs of the building fund. It is also The new church building, one of worthwhile to note that, at the time the finest in The Orthodox Presbyte­ of the separation from the Presbyte­ rian Church, represents a total in­ rian Church in the U.S.A., the Willow vestment, including the costs of all Grove Chureh was receiving aid in the amount of $300 a year from the New Building at Willow Grove Board of National Missions; this meant that its gifts to missions did in the U.S.A. Within two weeks it not exceed $450. Dr. Strong feels that had voted also to affiliate with the these facts prove how enthusiastically then Presbyterian Church of America congregations respond to the appeal under the local name, "Calvary Pres­ of a real doctrinal issue and how byterian Church." The church prop­ loyal in their sacrificial giving are his erty was yielded without a court Willow Grove members. struggle and, for the next three years, There are four Machen Leagues, the congregation met in the third and a fifth in prospect for the fall. floor hall of the Willow Grove Ameri­ A Christian School Society has been can Legion Post. At that time the Calvary Church Auditorium organized to further the cause of church membership was about 200 Christian primary education. For six and Sunday school membership about furnishings, of nearly $19,000. The years a week-night Bible study group 240. debt is less than $9000, and more for young women, founded by Mrs. During the years that followed, ad­ than half of this was lent by members Strong and called the Philologus ditions to communicant membership of the church at three per cent. inter­ Club, has met regularly and is most totaled 144. Removals, deaths and the est. The building is of frame con­ enthusiastically . supported by the processes of discipline, however, make struction on a concrete block founda­ young ladies; numerous conversions the net gain smaller. The communi­ tion, and is located on a much-travelled and additions to the church have at­ cant membership now stands at 285 highway. The lot is 135 feet by 200 tended the work of the club. The and there are 79 baptized children. feet, and the dimensions of the build­ 1940 Summer Bible School enjoyed The period immediately foIlowing ing are 67 feet by 42 feet. The audi­ an attendance of more than 100, and separation from the Presbyterian torium seats 350 persons, and other was the best, from the point of view Church in the U.S.A. was the most rooms include a Sunday school as­ of pupil interest, that the church has fruitful in conversions. Two of these sembly room, eight classrooms, a ever held. Plans are being formulated several converts have since become kitchen, and the pastor's study. Indi­ for a Calvary Church radio program elders in churches of The Orthodox rect lighting, and hot water heat -a dream that has long attracted the Presbyterian Church. furnished by an oil burner, add the hopes and prayers of the congrega- The rewards of pursuing an ener- final touch of comfort to the modern tion. -T. R. B. 1940 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 43

Prayer-What Shall We Pray? In the First Room Confession and praise may die on The Fourth in a Series of Meditations on Prayer our lips, but prayer is not prayer un­ less they continue in our hearts as we By the REV. BURTON L. GODDARD cross beyond the threshold. Indeed, it is difficult to make clear distinction between the song of the seraphim OFTEN felt that he was merely have turned everyone to his own which greets one at the threshold and I talking about God when he way. Our rebel hearts have never that of the psalmist which now fills prayed," said a Christian woman of made full surrender; our mutinous the room: her former pastor, "but when Dr. spirits have never been completely J ames Gray used to pray, it actually tamed. We have all sinned and come "0 give thanks unto the LORD, seemed as though God was there in short of the glory of God. We have For he is good: for his mercy en­ the room, and that Dr. Gray was talk­ turned everyone to his own way. dureth forever." ing directly to Him." A college We see ourselves in the light of student once remarked that the minis­ God's righteousness, measured by His We remember and make mention of ter preached twice at each service holy commandments. Not one of them the abundant grace of our God. ~in the sermon and in his prayer. have we kept perfectly. We have "While we were yet sinners, Christ A little child recited the ABC's as she broken them all. We have yielded to died for us." When we thirsted, He knelt at her bedside, said her amen, temptation. God's only-begotten Son led us to the water of life and gave and climbed into bed, content with the shed His own life's blood to redeem us to drink. When we were weary, He philosophy that God knew what she us from sin, but we have continued Himself took the burden of our sin needed and could put the letters to­ to wallow in the mire. We have and bore its penalty. When we fainted gether better than could she. Talking failed to live for Him. We have along the way, He restored our souls. about God, preaching, saying the stopped short of sacrifice. Our lips When we were in need, He poured ABC's-strange content for prayer! have withheld their witness; our forth upon us showers of blessing Would that we might learn to pray hands have withheld their service. until our cups were full and running like Dr. Gray 1 over. When we passed through the The quiet hour of prayer has come. "Depth of mercy !-can there be valley of the shadow, He stayed with Let us catch the soft, melodious Mercy still reserved for me? us still. How tender was His mercy! strains of negro voices, "Steal away, Can my God his wrath forbear? How all-sufficient His love! How un­ steal away, steal away to Jesus." Yes, Me, the chief of sinners, spare?" failing His constant provision of we must steal away from the busy temporal mercies! world, forget for the moment its in­ Perhaps men regard us as right­ He who enters through the door cessant clamor and activity and eous. They do not know our hearts. and does not climb up some other way draw near unto the palace of splendor Before God we realize that we are must needs pass through this first where dwells the King of kings. publicans, and must pray the publi­ room and read everywhere upon its Conscious of His sovereign power can's prayer: "God be merciful to me walls the words: GRATITUDE UNTO and majesty, mindful of His perfect a sinner." He who begins his prayer OUR GOD. holiness, we come with sobered minds, with sincere confession of his sin has humbled spirits, eager longings, scarce learned the first lesson in the school In the Sec:ond Room daring to enter before Him who is of prayer. Lord of all, and yet remembering the Lips which are unworthy and de­ There is yet a second room. Many words of invitation, "Come unto me," filed are yet capable of expressing who hasten through the first, linger and those of exhortation, "Let us adoration. On the threshold the ac­ here at length. It is the room of peti­ therefore come boldly unto the throne knowledgment of sin is mingled with tion. Here are found even thieves of grace." hosannas of praise. If the holy an­ and robbers. Here are the selfish as gels prostrate themselves before the well as the saintly. A great host fills throne of God and the seraphim hov­ the room. Countless requests are ad­ On the Threshold ering round about must shield them­ dressed to Him who is seated upon The portals open. We stand on the selves from the effulgence of His the throne. With the graciousness of threshold, overcome by the glory of divine glory, only folly could allow a father, He answers the cries of His His person, entranced by the majestic us in all our unworthiness to enter children. He has bid them make their chorus of heavenly voices raised in His presence without doxologies as­ requests known unto Him. He is unrestrained praise: cending from our hearts. pleased to regard their pleas and to supply their needs. "Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: "0 worship the King all glorious Alien intruders. however, plead in The whole earth is full of his glory." above, vain. Never have they stood on the o gratefully sing His power and threshold and poured forth confession Like Isaiah of old, we are moved to His love; and praise. Never have they tarried earnest confession. Indeed, we are Our Shield and Defender, the in the outer room to acknowledge love people of unclean lips, and we dwell Ancient of days, for and gratitude to the King. They in the midst of a people of unclean Pavilioned in splendor, and have despised citizenship in the king­ lips. We have all gone astray. We girded with praise." dom. To them the King has given no

- 44 THE PRE'SIYTERIAN GUARDIAN August 10 Missionary Heroes of the Past By the REV. ROBERT S. MARSDEN General Secretary of the Committees on Home and Foreign Missions of The Orthodox Presbyterian Church XVI. Francis Xavier from the home lands. It was while in India that he con­ MI SSION ARY who is said to ceived the notion of going to Japan. A have labored "in 52 different He had met a _Japanese whom he kingdoms, preached through nine converted to Christianity and whom thousand miles of territory, and bap­ he took back to Japan with him, tized over one million persons"; who where he effected an entry into that SENSIBLE is characterized by Roman Catholic country as the first Christian mis­ historians as the greatest missionary sionary. He was received with much HOTEL BATES since the apostle Paul; who is hon­ favor and baptized thousands of con­ SINGLE ROOMS $2.25 $5 ored by prominent Protestant writers verts in the two and a half years he to in such glowing terms as these: was there. His was a restless spirit, DOUBLE ROOMS $4.50 to $7 H... no other life, since Paul's, has however, and he travelled throughout Breakfast 2Sc to 7So shown such ardor and fervor, such the islands of the seas, preaching and Luncheon -. . 600 absorbing zeal for the greater glory baptizing wherever he went. Return­ Dinner .. $1.00 of God, such self-forgetting, self­ ing to Goa he determined upon a These rates include the FREE use of denying passion for the souls of men, missionary journey to China, which our famoUiswimming pool, gymna· as that of the young Saint of Na­ was then entirely closed to foreigners, mum,solarium and open air terrace varre"-such a missionary cannot but and conceived the idea of entering 18 minute. from The Shelton be classified as one of the Missionary the country as part of the entourage to the Fair Ground. Heroes of the Past. Even a short of a Portuguese embassage. His list must contain his name. Such is plans, however, were cut short by Francis Xavier, the earliest and the death, which came to him on an SHElTON HOTEl best of the long line of missionaries island off the coast of China. LEXINGTON AVE., at 49th ST. of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). This remarkable man was an odd NEW YORK A contemporary of the Protestant combination of sincere piety and de­ Undar KNorr "anagama'" Reformation, he antedates large scale grading superstition. His motto was A. R. WALTY, Manager Protestant missionary effort by over "To the Greater Glory of God"-a two centuries. The name of the So­ noble motto for the life of anyone. ciety to which he belonged has often His methods of seeking to glorify struck terror to the hearts of Prot­ God were, to say the least, question­ promises. He will not answer when estants who have encountered its un­ able. We are told that he did not they pray. scrupulous and anti-Christian meth­ know any of the languages of the ods, but the first missionary of that people among whom he worked, but In the Inner Chamber Society is almost without parallel in that when he preached at all he did There is yet another chamber to be his zeal for the propagation of the so through an interpreter. His meth­ sought by him who would truly pray. f~th. - ods of carrying on missionary work Few there are who find it. It is the Francis Xavier was born about did not require a great deal of preach­ chamber of intercession. A lone wor­ 1506 and lived only 46 years. As a ing, for he simply went about ad­ shipper kneels in the chamber. His young man he grew up looking for­ ministering the sacraments. Believing prayer is answered. A messenger of ward to a life of ease in keeping that saving grace is conveyed by the the Most High tells the good news and with his station in life. His mission­ sacraments, he administered them a soul in distant China is born again, ary interest dates from his first con­ freely to anyone who would receive instead of slipping out into eternity­ tact with Ignatius of Loyola, who them, and counted his converts by lost. A few words of intercessory was the founder of the Society of the number who could be induced prayer and fever leaves a tormented Jesus. Francis was one of the orig­ or cajoled into being baptized. Since body, a heaping basket is deposited at inal seven who took the Jesuit vows he believed that there was no salva­ the door of an unfortunate family, a in 1534. Shortly after this he began tion outside the Romish church, and long feud is broken, an indifferent to make plans for a missionary jour­ since admission to the church was church becomes a power for God. ney to India. With some compan­ through the sacraments, his chief What shall we pray? Speak to God ions, and with the aid of the Portu­ ambition was to bring people to an -from the threshold, from the outer guese who at that time were the most acceptance of them. There was little room, from that which lies beyond, powerful force in the East, he landed calling upon the heathen to turn from from the inner chamber. Is ever the at Goa in India in 1541. In one month their sins and receive Christ in an time of prayer too limited to proceed he is said to have baptized 10,000 intelligent way. He is quoted as say­ in this acceptable way? "Lord, deliver converts, and before long he had ing, HI make Christians," and the us from such an excuse. Lord, teach established 40 mission stations ill Christians which he "made" through us thus to pray!" India, having secured reinforcements the administration of the sacraments 1940 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 45 left much to be desired in the matter present hour we both hunger, and • WANTED New York Book Publisher respectfully soli­ of their Christian profession. thirst, and are naked, and are buf­ cits worth-while manuscripts for publica­ Yet with all the glaring weaknesses feted, and have no certain dwelling­ tion. Mail manuscripts to: FORTUNY'S, 87 Fifth Ave., New York in his message and in his methods, it place; and labour, working with our is remarkable how permanent was own hands: being reviled, we bless; the work that he established. Churches being persecuted, we suffer it: being were founded by Francis and his defamed, we intreat: we are made as followers, and in 1581, about 32 years the filth of the world, and are the SUNDAY SCHOOL HELPS after he first entered Japan, there offscouring of all things unto this were said to be 150,000 professing day" (I Cor. 4: 10-13). Fools, to sac­ Bible Lessons in Bible Order Christians in that land. The mission rifice and suffer, when it might have Orthodox explanations and interpre. which he started in Japan continued been avoided! But wait! Is it not tations by Reformed Bible Scholars for many years, and it wastnot until written, "For unto you it is given in a later generation of Jesuit mission­ the behalf of Christ, not only to be­ • THE KEY aries became involved in the intrigues lieve on him, but also to suffer for WrIte • THE INSTRUCTOR of a difficult Japanese political situa­ his sake?" Let others congratulate for tion that the mission was destroyed. themselves on their discretion in sav­ Samples • CHILDREN'S COMRADE The reform party which came into ing themselves hardship and privation • BIBLE PICTURE ROll power feared, probably rightly, a plot by remaining in the old church. Let Christian Reformed Publishing House on the part of the Jesuits to effect us rejoice because, as fools for GRAND RAPIDS. MICH. foreign domination of Japan, and a Christ's sake, we have been counted tragic persecution was instituted, worthy to suffer a little for His during which thousands of professing Name! Christians were tortured and put to No man is a fool who sacrifices and death for their faith. suffers in the cause of Christ. You Francis was the beginning of a three Hebrew children, who were long line of Jesuit missionaries from cast into the fiery furnace, your con­ that day to this. It was they who temporaries called you fools! But the revived missionary zeal in the Romish Son of God honored you with His church, and who did so much to carry presence in the midst of the flames! the doctrines of Rome to the ends of And you, Daniel! What a fool you KENTUCKY AVENUE NEAR BEACH the earth, following the discovery were to open your windows toward of the New World and the rediscov­ Jerusalem and pray to your God in ATlANTIC CITY ery of the Far East. The Protestant defiance of the emperor's edict! But Church of the Reformation period your God shut the lions' mouths! NEW JERSEY' was singularly unconcerned about the And you, Stephen! What a fool you heathen, and its feeble energies were were to stand up boldly for Jesus • occupied with necessary doctrinal when, by a little discreet cleverness, missionary endeavor. It will always you might have saved yourself from • Central Location overlooking be to the discredit of early Prot­ a violent death! But when you were estantism, however, that it left the dying under the shower of stones, you Boardwalk and Convenient to field of foreign missions to the Rom­ lifted your eyes to heaven and saw Piers, Churches and Theatres. ish church, and this failure of the the Son of God standing at God's Near Rail and Bus Terminals. Protestants to be foreign missionaries right hand, waiting to welcome you from the very beginning allowed large into heaven! Fools, all of you! But • Brick and Stone Construction. sections of the world to rest for hun­ fools for Christ's sake, and so not All Outside Rooms, many dreds of vears in the semi-darkness fools at all for, having suffered for of Romanism. In our day there is no Him, you may sit down with Him at with Ocean View. Elevator more crying need in missions than for His throne and reign with Him in Service. Telephones in Rooms. missionary evangelism in the fields glory. already occupied by the perverted So we are here today, because we • Inviting Lobbies. Comfort­ Christianity of Rome. are narrow; because we are fighters; able, Wide Verandah. Free because we are fools. But our nar­ Parking on Premises. Golf Priv­ rowness is the narrowness of the way that leads to life. Our fighting is ileges. Hospitable Management. in a holy war, and the Lord God is on Why Are We Here? our side. Weare fools, but we are AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN (Concluded From Page 34) fools for Christ's sake. We standwith a small band in our day. But we Most Moderate Rates Special Weekly than once. But let me read you a few stand in a glorious tradition! Weare Children at Reduced Rates words about this kind of foolishness: in the company of the prophets and "We are fools for Christ's sake, but the apostles. So let us take courage! For Further Information and Literature Address ye are wise in Christ; we are weak, The greatest Christian of them all but ye are strong; ye are honourable, was also narrow, also a fighter, and M. A. JOHNSON, Owner but we are despised. Even unto this also a fool. -And when Paul came to 46 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN August 10

the end of his course and unbuckled his battered armor and laid down his So Great Salvation sword, he could look back on the past A Study of the Book of Romans for Young People and say, "I have a clear conscience and no regrets." And as he looked By the REV. HENRY D. PHILLIPS into the future, behold, it was all radiant with hope and glory! August 11th ing and salutary message even for our day. The Author The central thesis of the epistle is OWN myself a victim to the charm So GREAT SALVATION. The problem I of Paul," This is the way Sir presented and answered is, "How UNION LESSON HELPS William Ramsey expressed himself re­ may a sinful man be righteous or 011 the Interllational Uniform Lessolls garding the greatest of the apostles, justified before a holy God?" Man's r stand for and proclaim This charm radiates from each page need is clearly stated and the results of Paul's epistles to those scattered of his own efforts revealed as futile. the heart of the Gospel but growing churches on the northern God's provision in the Lord Jesus One hundred and twenly-two years of shores of the Mediterranean. Paul Christ is set forth in all the glory of experience are back of these true-to-tho­ was born in Tarsus, "no mean city" His atoning sacrifice. This justifica­ Bible periodicals. Can be used with con­ for it held its head up with the rest in tion may freely be had through faith fidence by Christian teachers and pupils. industry, literary culture and philo­ in Christ. With Christ's righteousness Write for free specimell copies sophical pursuits. His schooling in imputed to us there are certain in­ AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION this cosmopolitan city was peculiarly evitable effects which are manifested 1816 Chestnut St. PhUadelphia, Pa. suited to "mold the mind of him who in the Christian life. The doctrinal in due time would make the religion instruction of the first 11 chapters is of the Jewish race intelligible to the followed by many practical exhorta­ Greek-Roman world" (Ramsey). Paul tions in the remaining five. The value IIICHRISTMAS CARD THEYU KEEP was further influenced by the Roman of this study lies, therefore, not only III Beautiful-New- Different Empire, "an understanding of which in knowing the clear and logical ar­ Agents:IncreaseYourIncome.•.Popular.Quick ... gave him a statesmanlike grasp of guments of the epistle but in making III Selling a-Ootoe Art ChristmasCard of 12.Beau ... ~ tiful Pages..• lnspiringstoryof "Silent Night" • the problems of Christianity in rela­ them a very part of our lives. This 11III ;3j~Upn~E:s. F~lr:ef~riFREEt~:n~~:da~~ tion to Rome." The force and beauty epistle is the heart and core of Chris­ JOHN RUDIN & COMPANY Inc. of Paul's style is a result of Greek in­ tian doctrine and life. Pub.: ·'Book of Lite" and "StorfeBofHymDs We Love" U. iOl8 S. Wabash Ave. Dept'. G.X. Chicago, hi. fluence. We have not, however, touched on the secret of his power and vigor till August 18th we mention his conversion. Acts 9 and 22 do not leave us in any doubt Introduction and Purpose as to the tremendous and instan­ Romans 1: 1-17 taneous change wrought in the apos­ Immediately upon opening his epis­ tle's life. Here he saw "the light of tle to the Romans, Paul states "who the knowledge of the glory of God and what he is, and what he is going in the face of Jesus Christ." And to write to them." We have already with that glance all the zeal of his studied a little about this great apos­ strong nature was turned from the tie to the Gentiles and therefore let persecution of Christians to the proc­ us consider the subject of his letter. lamation of Christ, the only Redeemer It is the gospel of our Lord Jesus of God's elect. This union with Christ Christ. As special messenger of is the real key to his life. Christ, Paul is the bearer of the gos­ To Rome Paul wrote his most pro­ pel, the glad tidings. He feels abso­ found and studied epistle. The hub of lutely bound to take the Word to the universe not only attracted the every part of the world and to every shrewd merchants, ambitious politi­ sort of people. He recognizes that the cians and lustful nobles, but there also good news is designed for just such Paul desired to come, that he "might propagation. impart some spiritual gift." Rome en­ Standing out as the central figure joyed relative peace at the time, due of this gospel is the Lord Jesus. With­ to its wise provincial policy, the em­ out Him there would be no good news, IURA MONEY' peror's interest in music, literature no message to bring, for Paul would III Spare '/'line. and drama rather than extension of not have been satisfied just to enter­ the state, and the freedom of worship tain his hearers. This Christ is, with­ granted the Jews. In the large for­ out a doubt, God's Son. Three times eign settlements dwelt converted Jews Paul affirms this, and with three wit­ and many proselytes unto whom Paul nesses: the ancient promises of the sent the epistle designed to establish Holy Scriptures, the Spirit of holi­ them in the faith, and bearing a last- ness, and Christ's resurrection from 1940 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN 47

the dead. If He be God's Son, then ing of the lusts of the flesh and the Christ possesses all the power of God. innumerable sins which follow hard WHY It is through His infinite sacrifice that on such a trail. Finally we notice the The Orthodox Christ's death atones for the elect. woeful lament, "God gave them up." Presbyterian Church? But Jesus is also man. In the flesh He This is indeed a dirge, for when one was born of the line of David. And as is deserted by God his hopes 'are gone. By the REV. JOHN P. GALBRAITH man He tasted death. Paul leaves nothing to the imagination This great salvadon story Paul de­ as he recounts sin after sin. Weare A new booklet by the author of sired to proclaim in Rome, which al­ reminded of the unspeakable filth of "Choose Ye This Day." Informa­ ready possessed a church famous for a long-dead and putrefying body. So tive, concise, and admirably its obedience. As the capital of the is the condition of one who will do adapted for distribution to those vast empire, the outstanding Gentile without the Christ, our Lord and unacquainted or unsympathetic city and focal point of culture and Saviour. with The Orthodox Presbyterian commerce, it attracted this keen man The lowest depths of those who fol­ Church. 37 pages, only lOc per of God. Surely he had not fulfilled his low the pathway of sin are found in copy. Keep a supply on hand to whole commission until he had borne the last verse, wherein it is stated give to your friends. Send your witness to his Lord in such a city. that they themselves not only enjoyed order to: Undaunted by the powers of the the lusts of the flesh but also that they Committee on Christian Education enemy, undismayed by the ill treat­ rejoiced in those who followed the of The Orthodox Presbyterian ment meted out to the Christians or same course. So calloused were they Church, Westminster Theologi­ by the things that he had already cal Seminary, Chestnut Hill, Phila­ in their evil that they thus encouraged delphia, Pa. suffered for the gospel's sake, he in others that which they knew to be trusted confidently to come unto them wrong. As young people we should with the powerful message of the follow the paths of righteousness, for gospel. "I am ready to preach. ... therein is the way of life. To run the For I am not ashamed of the gospel way of sinners will lead but to misery of Christ: for it is the power of God and distress, grief and the grave. In unto salvation to everyone that be­ that way there is no righteousness, lieveth.... For therein is the right­ and God's wrath is heavy in judg­ eousness of God revealed from faith ment. But if we harden not our to faith." hearts against God, we shall find mercy and restoration even as the prodigal received grace of his father's August 25th hand. No Righteousness Among the Gentiles Romans 1: 18-32 MACHEN LEAGUE CONFERENCE ••• she holds a MOODY ANNUITY You recall that in the first lesson Where are we heading? No one knows...butitis a comfortingthought to know that YOU can be at we said that the burning question TO BE HELD AT OCEAN GROVE peaceregardingyourfinancial investmentsandto asked and answered in this book is, know, too, thatyouarehelpiIlgtospreadtheglori­ ousworkof theMoodyBibleInstitute. MoodyAn­ How may righteousness be attained? N OUTSTANDING vacation nuities pay you a regular, dependable income. In 33 After his brief introductory remarks, will be combined with a time years no annuitant has A ever failed to receive his Paul proceeds to give forth the gen­ of spiritual refreshment by the young check IN FULL and ON eral truth, so often forgotten, that people of the Machen League of New TIME! Amounts of as lit­ tleas $100 maybeinvested God's wrath is revealed against all Jersey Presbytery of The Orthodox and you receive a return offrom3~40/'0to8%o/'o(de­ ungodliness and unrighteousness. God Presbyterian Church. On Friday and pending upon your age) is justified in doing this because He Saturday, September 6th and 7th, the for as long as you live. has given a revelation of Himself league will hold its Third Annual Write Dept. PG65 in nature to all men and these men, Fall Conference in the tabernacle of knowing the truth, yet continue in the Ocean Grove Camp Meeting As­ their sinful habits and conversation. sociation at Ocean Grove, New J er- Just as a Christian does not remain stationary in his life but ever con­ tinues to increase in the knowledge DON'T Spend Labor Day Week-End at the Shore and love of God, so also do those who Spend it at the oppose Him descend continually into greater depths of sin and misery. First General Quarrvville Bible Conference Here we find 'a picture of the down­ ward course of man, a process which a Conference designed primarily for adults is ever harder to arrest as it proceeds. Friday Evening to Monday Afternoon-August 30 to September 2 In the story of the prodigal son there is a similar description (Luke 15: 12­ TOTAL cosr.-ss.ec 16). The descent is from ungodli­ Ask your pastor for folder or write ness to idolatry, thence to the fulfill- Rev. Franklin S. Dymess, Executive Director, Quarryville, Pa. 1 f 48 THE PRESBYTERIAN GUARDIAN August 10. 1940 I sey, adjoining the famous resort town are also welcome, and a special floor of Asbury Park. of the hotel will be reserved for them. PERSECUTION OF "WITNESSES" The theme of the conference will The men will be quartered at the CONTINUES OVER LARGE AREA be: The Religion for Young People Hotel Ormond, a short distance from i i Today. Speakers will be the Rev. the Dun-Haven. i Clifford S. Smith of Bridgeton, the The recreational program includes (For editorial comment, see page 41) ;, Rev. Leslie A. Dunn of Trenton, the three hours on the beach on Saturday Rev. Richard W. Gray of Orange, morning. Both surf and pool bathing SSERTING that loyalty to the and the Rev. Peter Pascoe of Roches­ under the protection of experienced A American flag and the govern­ ter, N. Y. Music will be in charge of life-guards will be available. ment it represents strengthens rather the Rev. William T. Strong of West Those planning to attend the con­ than weakens religious Iaith, the Collingswood and the Rev. Donald ference should send their names at Honorable John W. Bricker, Gover­ C. Graham of Westfield. once to Mr. Edward T. Burton, 306 nor of Ohio, denied "Jehovah's Wit­ The Hotel bun-Haven, 10 Ocean North Chestnut Avenue, Westfield, nesses" the right to use the state I,, Pathway, will be the conference head­ N. J. An attractive, six-page pros­ fairgrounds at Columbus for the na­ quarters and will provide accommo­ pectus may also be secured from Mr. tional convention they planned to hold dations for the girls and married Burton. No fee is required for regis­ there during the last of July. couples. Older persons desiring to en­ tration. The cost of room, breakfast Members of "Jehovah's Witnesses" joy the blessings of the conference and Saturday dinner will be $1.50. have been removed from the relief rolls at Clarksburg, West Virginia,.it was disclosed by Mrs. Josephine Williams, director of the Harrison County pub­ Fresh Up-to-the-Minute EXPOSITION lic assistance department. Mrs. Wil­ liams said she would continue to on the Sunday School Lesson Text remove from the rolls "any persons who do not think enough of their (International Uniform Lesson Topics) country to salute its flag." . Mrs. Ethel R. Winkler, a worker for "Jehovah's Witnesses," chose to spend five days in jail at Ocean City, New Jersey, rather than pay a fine of five dollars imposed by the police court on a charge of being a public nuisance in passing out religious tracts at the seaside resort. The sect member insisted that she was stand­ ing on her rights under the Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights. "I have a duty to perform," she in­ sisted. "This work must go on. I am an American citizen. I have a right to disseminate this very important information, particularly at this cru­ cial time. I have a right to talk to i people. I f expressing an opinion is causing a disturbance, then I have I caused plenty of disturbances." A regional meeting of the Watch 192 Pages (3 monthly parts)-7 % x 9'h inches Tower Bible and Tract Society (an alias of "Jehovah's Witnesses"), BIBLE EXPOSITOR AND ILLUMINATOR scheduled at Tulsa, Oklahoma, for July, has been cancelled. The organ­ j ADVANCED BIBLE STUDY QUARTERLY Treating ization called off the meeting after the LESSON from FIFTEEN DIFFERENT ANGLES it was refused the use of Convention I Hall by the city of Tulsa. City offi­ Scriptural, Spiritual, Sound and Sane Practical, Pointed and Pure t cials explained that they could not 1 "Christian Life Series" Sunday School Literature Supplies Teaching Aids permit use of a public building by a for EVERY DEPARTMENT of the Sunday School. group which refuses to salute the flag. The action was taken in the face Put Spiritual Backbone Into Your Sunday School by Using Lesson of energetic efforts by the Tulsa Helps That Are True to the Fundamentals of the Christian Faith. chamber of commerce in bidding for conventions. Leaders of the sect in I> Samples FREE on Request. Address: Oklahoma said they would attend the $ Detroit convention of their group , UNION GOSPEL PRESS Box 6059, Cleveland, Ohio instead.