Appendix

Mayflies of uncertain systematic position

Most fossil (mainly Mesozoic and Palaeogenous) Anteritoma INCERTAE SEDIS 1 and some insufficiently described Recent mayflies t Hexagenites/fgl have an uncertain position among Ephemeroptera. Nomen hierarchicum: Hexagenites/fgl [f: Hexagenitinae Here generic and species names belonging to such Lameere 1917: 74; g: Hexagenites Scudder 1880: 6, taxa are accounted in the following method: typus H weyenberghii Scudder 1880 (design. orig.)J; Anteritoma INCERT AE SEDIS - names given for synn. subj.: Paedephemeralfg [f: Paedephemeridae fossil supraspecies taxa and selected Recent species Lameere 1917: 49; g: Paedephemera Handlirsch 1906: 601, typus Ephemera multinervosa Oppenheim 1888 of mayflies, whose anteritomous wing structure is (design. Tshemova 1961: 859)]; Stenodicranumlfg [f: known for certain. Stenodicranidae Demoulin 1954f: 553; g: Stenodicra• Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS (p.356) - names num Demoulin 1954f: 571, typus Ephemera cellulosa given for fossil mayflies known as larvae or adults Hagen 1862 (design. orig.)] [synn. subj.: cellulosa [£.] with poorly preserved wings. Probably, most or all = weyenberghii [H] = multinervosa [£.] (Demoulin 1970c: 7)]. of these mayflies belong to Anteritoma, but this is In circumscription matches: not proven because wing venation and number of - subfam. Ephemeropsinae Cockerell 1924: 136; dentisetae are unknown. - fam. Hexagenitidae: Tshemova 1961: 589. Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS (p.359) - Mesozoic taxa, one of which (Litophlebialfgl) has References. Cockerell 1924: tl $; - Tshemova 1961: $*; Meshkova 1961: tl; - Tshemova 1970: tl $ - unusual wing structure and others which were Tshemova& Sinitshenkova 1974: $'; - McCafferty 1990: established for indeterminable fragments. tl'; - Martins-Neto 1996: tl'. Pterygota INCERTAE SEDIS (p.360) - Palaeozoic Autapomorphies of Hexagenites/fgl. taxon Syntonopteralfgl possibly related to Epheme• (I) On fore wing CuA bifurcates to CuAl and roptera s.l., and some taxa erroneously attributed to "CuA2" (non-unique character - see Index of Ephemeroptera. characters [2.2.50]), from the bifurcation a vein Euarthropoda and Animalia INCERT AE SEDIS "iCu" arises, which forms several (3-5) triads (p.361) - fossils, which some authors regard to following one another: anterior branch of each triad belong to mayfly larvae. forms next triad; each of these triads has anterior Nomina dubia (p.361) - old forgotten species branch arched by its convexity anteriorly; all names, possibly belonging to well-known species. branches of these triads go to basitomal margin of wing. Unique apomorphy. (2) Fore and hind wings with more or less expressed vein gemination: at least there are pairs of veins brought together: RSp+MAh iMA+MA2, MP2+CuA; MPI and iMP are more or less approxi• mated to iMA+MA2• Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.2.28]). (3) Tergalius VII is enlarged, distinctly longer than others, while tergalii I-VI have subequallength (unique apomorphy). On all tergalii at least costal rib is thickened and anal rib is situated at a distance

353 354 ApPENDIX from anal margin (as in some other mayflies - see [E.]: Ea; selini [H.]: Ea; trisetalis [E.]: 19, Ea. Index of characters [1.3.28]). Plesiomorpbies of Hexageniteslfgl. Larva has *** siphlonuroid appearance, with dense primary swimming setae on caudalii. Other Anteritoma INCERTAE SEDIS Size. Fore wing length 16-42 IDID. Age. Late Jurassic - Late Cretaceous (Europe, Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 2. t Cronicus/g [g: Croni• Asia, South America). cus Eaton 1871:133, typus Baetis anomala Pictet & Hagen 1856 (monotypy; syn.subj.: Baetis longipes Pictet & Hagen Nominal taxa included. Hexageniteslfgl includes: 1856)]. (1) Ephemeropsis/fg [f: Ephemeropsinae Cockerell 1924: Reference. Demoulin 1968a: 0 Ea. 136; g: Ephemeropsis Eichwald 1864: 21, typus E. Characters of unclear phylogenetic status. trisetalis Eichwald 1864 (monotypy)]; (2) Phacelobran• (1) On hind wing bifurcation of MP2 is transferred chus/g [g: Phacelobranchus Handlirsch 1906: 604, typus distally or lost (see Index of characters [2.2.69]). Ph. braueri Handlirsch 1906 (monotypy)], regarded as a (2) Imaginal paracercus is vestigial (see Index of generic synonym of Ephemeropsis (Tshemova 1961: 861); characters [2.3.20]). (3) Protoligoneurialg [g: Protoligoneuria Demoulin (3) Gonostylus with 3 distal segments (see Index of 1955e: 271, typus P. Iimai Demoulin 1955 (design. orig.); characters [2.3.12]). (4) Hexameropsis/g [g: Hexameropsis Tshernova& Sini• Plesiomorphies. Fore wing with several (5-6) tshenkova 1974: 132, typus H. selini Tshemova & Sini• simple or branched veins going from CuA to basitomal tshenkova 1974 (design. orig.)]; (5) Mongologenites/g [g: and tomoapical margins. Imaginal and subimaginal claws Mongologenites Sinitshenkova 1986: 45, typus M are ephemeropteroid. lagueatus Sinitshenkova 1986 (design. orig.)]; (6) Palaeo• Age. Eocene (Baltic amber). baetodes/g [g: Palaeobaetodes Brito 1987: 594, typus P. Material examined: -. costalimai Brito 1987]; (7) Cratogenites/g [g: Cratogeni• Comment. Demoulin (1968a) attributed Cronicus to tes Martins-Neto 1996: 180, typus C. corratiniae Martins• Coloburiscinae (i. e. ColoburiscuS/fgl) basing on plesio• Neto 1996 (design.orig.)]; (8) Cratogenitoides/g [g: morphies only. In order to clarify its systematic position, Cratogenitoides Martins-Neto 1996: 181, typus C. delclosi thorax structure of types (deposited in Humboldt Univer• Martins-Neto 1996 (design. orig.)]; (9) Caenoephe• sity) should be examined. meralg [g: Caenoephemera Lin & Huang 2001: 748, typus C. shanguanensis Lin & Huang 2001 (design.orig.)]. Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 3. t Siphlurites/g [g: Siph• Possibly, here also belongs Costalimella (see below, lurites Cockerell 1923: 170, typus S. explanatus Cockerell Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS). 1923 (design. orig.)]. Species composition of Hexagenites/fgl. Following Reference. Demoulin 1970d: fore wing. formally described species belong here for certain: From Character of unclear phylogenetic status. Mesozoic of Europe: cellulosa Hagen 1862 [Ephemera] (1) Cubital field offore wing with 2 veins going from (synn. subj.: mortua Hagen 1862 [Ephemera], weyen• CuA to basitomal margin, 1 intercalary going to berghii Scudder 1880 [Hexagenites], multinervosa tomoapical margin, and several (9-10) simple or branched Oppenheim 1888 [Ephemera], oppenheimi Handlirsch veins going from this intercalary to basitornal margin (see 1906 [PaedephemeraD. From Mesozoic of Siberia, Index of characters [2.2.51]). In other respects wing Mongolia and China: lagueatus Sinitshenkova 1986 venation is plesiomorphic. [Mongologenites], martynovae Tshemova 1961 [Epheme• Age. Miocene (USA). ropsis], selini Tshemova & Sinitshenkova 1974 [Hexa• Material examined: -. meropsis], shanguanensis Lin & Huang 2001 [Caeno• ephemera], trisetalis Eichwald 1864 [Ephemeropsis] Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 4. t Electrogenialg [g: (synn. subj.: rossica Eichwald 1866 [Lethaea] , orientalis Electrogenia Demoulin 1956a: 95, typus E. dewalschei Eichwald 1868 [Estheria], braueri Handlirsch 1906 Demoulin 1956 (design. orig.)]. [Phacelobranchus], middendorji Handlirsch 1906 [Ephe• Reference. Demoulin 1956a: @. meropsis], melanurus Cockerell 1924 [Ephemeropsis], Characters of unclear phylogenetic status. reisi Handlirsch 1939 [Ephemeropsis]). From Lower (1) Cubital field of fore wing with 2 pairs (4 ones) Cretaceous of Brazil: britoi Martins-Neto 1996 [Palaeo• intercalaries, among which hind pair is longer. The same baetodes], costalimai Brito 1987 [Palaeobaetodes], in Heptagennota and some others (see Index of characters corratiniae Martins-Neto 1996 [Cratogenites], delclosi [2.2.51-52]). Martins-Neto 1996 [Cratogenitoides], limai Demoulin (2) Imaginal paracercus is vestigial (see Index of 1955 [Protoligoneuria]. characters [2.3.20]). Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): limai [P.]: 19; Plesiomorphies. 1st tarsal segment is fused with lagueatus [M.]: Ea, 19 (presumably associated); martynovae tibia (in contrast to Heptagennota-Pentamerotarsata). MAYFLIES OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMATIC POSITION 355

Imaginal claws of all legs are ephemeropteroid. Gono• systematic position, thorax structure of the holotype stylus with 2 distal segments. (deposited in Staatl. Mus. Naturk. Stuttgart) should be Age. Eocene (Baltic amber). examined. Material examined:-. Comment. Demoulin (1956a) attributed Electrogenia Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 8. t Xenophlebia/g [g: Xe• to Arthropleinae (i. e. Arthroplealfgl); this is wrong, as nophlebia Demoulin 1968a: 267, typus X aenigmatica Electrogenia has no articulation of 1SI tarsal segment with Demoulin 1967 (design. orig.)]. tibia [see Pentamerotarsata (1)]. In order to clarify its Reference. Demoulin 1968a: EfJ. systematic position, thorax structure should be examined. Character of unclear phylogenetic status. (1) Hind wing is diminished; cubital field offore wing Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 5. t Stackelbergisca/g [g: is short, with 2 intercalaries (see Index of characters Stackelbergisca Tshernova 1967: 323, typus S. sibirica [2.2.51-52]). Tshernova 1967 (design. orig.)]. Plesiomorphies. Imaginal claws are ephemeropte- Reference. Tshernova 1967: fore wing, (9 (presu• roid. Gonostylus with 2 distal segments. mablyassociated). Age. Eocene (Baltic amber). Plesiomorphy. Cubital field offore wing with many Material examined:-. (about 15) veins going from CuA to basitornal margin. Comment. Demoulin (l968a) attributed Xenophlebia Age. Jurassic (Siberia). to Leptophlebiidae (i. e. Leptophlebialfgl). In order to Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): sibirica [S.]: confirm or disprove this, thorax structure of the holotype EfJ, (9 (presumably associated). (deposited in Bayer. Staatssamml.) should be re-examined. Comment. Larva attributed to Stackelbergisca sibirica without argumentation, has plesiomorphic siphlo• Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 9. t Olgisca/g [g: Olgisca nuroid appearance, with primary swimming setation on Demoulin 1970c: 6, typus Paedephemera schwertschla• caudalii. geri Handlirsch 1906 (design. orig.)]. Reference. Demoulin 1970c: fore wing. Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 6. t Balticophlebia/g [g: Plesiomorphy. Fore wing with several (about 8) Balticophlebia Demoulin 1968a: 237, typus B. hennigi veins going from CuA to basitornal margin. Demoulin 1968 (design. orig.)]. Age. Jurassic (Germany). Reference. Demoulin 1968a: (j? Material examined: -. Character of unclear phylogenetic status. (1) Imaginal paracercus is vestigial (see Index of Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 10. t Cretoneta/g [g: ere• characters [2.3.20]). toneta Tshernova 1971: 614, typus C. zherichini Tshemo• Plesiomorphies. Fore wing with 5 simple veins va 1971 (design. orig.)]. going from CuA to basitomal and tornoapical margins. References. Tshernova 1971: @; - Kluge 1993b: Imaginal claws are ephemeropteroid. 0* EfJ*. Age. Eocene (Baltic amber). Characters of unclear phylogenetic status. Material examined: -. (1) On hind wing MA and MP are non-forked (see Comment. Demoulin (1968a) attributed Balticophle• Index of characters [2.2.67] and [2.2.69]). In both known bia to Ameletopsinae (i. e. Ameletopsis/fgl) basing on species hind wing is somewhat diminished; basitornal plesiomorphies only. In order to clarify its systematic margin of fore wing is shortened, tornus is poorly position, thorax structure of the holotype (deposited in expressed, number of veins in cubital field is diminished Staatl. Mus. Naturk. Stuttgart) should be examined. (non-unique apomorphy). (2) Imaginal and sub imaginal paracercus is vestigial Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 7. t Baltameletus/g [g: (see Index of characters [2.3.20]). Baltameletus Demoulin 1968a: 238, typus B. oligocae• Plesiomorphies. Mesonotal suture is well nicus Demoulin 1968 (design. orig.)]. expressed, nearly transverse, stretched backward medially Reference. Demoulin 1968a: (J. (as in Siphlonurus/fg4 and Ameletus/fgl). Anterior Character of unclear phylogenetic status. paracoxal suture is complete, anepisternum and katepi• (1) Imaginal paracercus is vestigial (see Index of sternum are subequal. Furcasternal protuberances are characters [2.3.20]). contiguous. On fore wing CuA and CuP basally diverge Plesiomorphies. Fore wing with several (3-4) under acute angle from one point (in contrast to simple veins going from CuA to basitornal margin. Tetramerotarsata, Leptophlebialfgl and some others); in Subimaginal claws are ephemeropteroid. cubital field several (1-4) veins go from CuA to basitornal Age. Eocene (Baltic amber). margin [see (1)]. Tarsi are 5-~egmented, lSI segment is Material examined:-. non-shortened (in contrast to Furcatergaliae), fused with Com men 1. Demoulin (1968a) attributed Baltameletus tibia (except for fore tarsus of male). Claws (at least on to Siphlonurinae (i. e. Tridentiseta non-Tetramerotarsata) middle and hind legs of male and all legs of female) are basing on plesiomorphies only. In order to clarify its ephemeropteroid. Gonostylus with 2 distal segments. 356 ApPENDIX

Size. Fore wing length 3-5 mm. criptions of following Recent species do not allow to Age. Late Cretaceous (Taimyr amber). determine their systematic position. African species: Species composition. 2 species - zherichini nimia Navas 1915 [Ephemera]. Asian species: davidica Tshernova 1971 [Cretoneta], acmoptera Kluge 1993 Navas 1934 [Heptagenia], rubescens You 1987 [Cretoneta]. [Cinygma], towadensis Matsumura 1931 [Ameletus], Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): zherichini validus Navas 1920 [Chirotonetes]. South American [C.]: 0, €B; acmoptera [C.]: €B. species: atrostoma Weber 1871 [Palingenia], bullocki Navas 1930 [Euthyplocia], hollermayeri Navas 1936 Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 11. t Proameletus/g [g: [Metamonius], guttata Pictet 1843 [Baetis]. Proameletus Sinitshenkova 1976a: 86, typus P. caudatus Sinitshenkova 1976 (design. orig.)]. Reference. Sinitshenkova 1976a: €B, 0 (presumably *** associated). Character of unclear phylogenetic status. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 1 (l) Imaginal and subimaginal paracercus is strongly t Mesogenesia/gl shortened (see Index of characters [2.3.20]). Nomen hierarchicum: Mesogenesia/gl (incl. Archaeobeh• Plesiomorphy. Fore wing with several (about 10) ningia) [g: Mesogenesia Tshemova 1977: 92, typus veins going from CuA to basitomal margin. M petersae Tshemova 1977 (design. orig.)]. Age. Early Cretaceous (Siberia). Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): caudatus Reference. Tshemova 1977 (Mesogenesia, Archaeo• [P.]: €B,0. behningia): 0. Comment. Larva attributed to Proameletus caudatus Autapomorphy of Mesogenesia/gl. basing only on abundance in the same deposits, has (1) Larval fore leg is specialized as grasping (but plesiomorphic siphlonuroid appearance, with primary not burrowing, as it was originally described): it is swimming setation on caudalii. enlarged (at least larger than middle one), directed Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 12. t Philolimnias/g [g: forward with knee directed dorsally and claw Philolimnias Hong 1979: 336, typus Ph. sinica Hong 1979 directed ventrally; its coxa is elongate; femur is (design. orig.)]. widened, with dense setation on inner side. In Reference. Hong 1979: @. contrast to burrowing legs of F ossoriae, tibia is not Age. Eocene (China, Liaoning amber). widened (in the original description of petersae [M] Material examined:-. femur was taken for tibia, and boundary between Comment. Originally Philolimnias was attributed to tibia and tarsus was overlooked). In petersae [M] Ephemerellidae; however, original description probably fore leg looks as having two claws, possibly because contains errors and does not allow to understand the true of a pointed spine-like inner-apical angle of tarsus systematic position. which is similar to the true claw, but a little shorter. Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS 13. t Conovirilus/g [g: Co• Character of unclear phylogenetic status. novirilus McCafferty 1997: 78, typus C. poinari McCaf• (2) Larval middle leg is the smallest, and hind ferty 1997 (design. orig.)]. leg the largest; in the both specimens examined Reference. McCafferty 1997: EEl. (fossils pressed laterally) middle legs are directed Age. Early Cretaceous (Lebanese amber). forward like fore legs, and hind legs are directed Material examined:-. backward. The same in Furcatergaliae-Fossoriae. Comment. Originally Conovirilus was attributed to Plesiomorphy of Mesogenesia/gl. In contrast to Leptophlebiidae Atalophlebiinae; however, characters which would allow to place it into Leptophlebialfgl, are Recent Furcatergaliae, caudalii retain primary not described, and are invisible on the photos in the swimming setation on median sides of cerci and original description. lateral sides of paracercus, and have no secondary swimming setae on lateral sides of cerci (only basal Other extinct species of Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS. parts of cerci and paracercus are preserved in Besides the type species of generic names listed above, holotype of petersae [M], while caudalii of following species from Baltic amber have uncertain edmundsi [A. ] are unknown). position - henningseni Demoulin 1965 [Metretopus] , Age. Jurassic (Siberia). jaegeri Demoulin 1968 [Siphloplecton], major Demoulin 1968 [Cronicus] , trinervis Demoulin 1968 [Metretopus] Nominal taxon included. Mesogenesialgl includes (see also below, Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDlS). Archaeobehningia/g [g: Archaeobehningia Tshemova 1977: 94, typus A. edmundsi Tshemova 1977 (design. Recent species of Anteritorna INCERTAE SEDIS. Des- orig.)]. MAYFUES OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMATIC POSITION 357

Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): petersae [Meso• Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 7. t Lepismophlebia/g genesia]: 0; edmundsi Tshernova 1977 [Archaeobehnin• [g: Lepismophlebia Demoulin 1968c: 7, typus Lepisma gia]: 0. platymera Scudder 1890 (design. orig.)]. References. Scudder 1890: 0; - Demoulin 1956d;- * * * Demoulin 1968c. Age. Miocene (USA). Other Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS Material examined: -. Comment. Demoulin (1968c) presumably placed it Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 2. t Mesonetalfg [f: Me• to Leptophlebiidae (i.e. Leptophlebialfg1). sonetidae Tshernova 1969: 158; Mesoneta Brauer & Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer 1889: 4, typus M antiqua Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 8. t Brevitibia/g [g: Bre• Brauer & Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer 1889 (monotypy)]. vitibia Demoulin 1968a: 245, typus B. intricans Demoulin References. Demoulin 1968c; - Tshemova 1969: 0. 1968 (design. orig.)]. Age. Jurassic (Siberia). Here were also attributed Reference. Demoulin 1968a: a (wing venation some Triassic species (Sinitshenkova 2000d), that is not unknown). Age. Eocene (Baltic amber). grounded (see below, Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS). Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): antiqua Material examined: -. [M.]: 0. Other species attributed here are listed among Comment. Demoulin (1 968a) placed it to Ametropodidae (i. e. Ametropus/fgl); in order to confirm "Other extinct species of Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS". or disprove this, thorax structure of the holotype and Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 3. t Mesobaetis/g [g: paratypes (deposited in Staatl. Mus. Naturk. Stuttgart) Mesobaetis Brauer & Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer 1889: 5, should be examined. typus M sibirica Brauer & Redtenbacher & Ganglbauer 1889 (monotypy)]. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 9. t Epeoromimus/fg [f: References. Brauer & al. 1889: 0; - Demoulin Epeoromimidae Tshernova 1969: 154; g: Epeoromimus 1968c; - Sinitshenkova 1985: 0, EB (presumably associated). Tshernova 1969: 156, typus E. kazlauskasi Tshernova Age. Jurassic (Siberia). Here was also attributed 1969 (design. orig.)]. Triassic species (Sinitshenkova 2000d), that is not Reference. Tshernova 1969 (E. kazlauskasi): 0. Character of unclear phylogenetic status. grounded (see below, Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS). Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): sibirica (1) Tergalii of all pairs I-VII are very long, with [M.]: 0. Other species attributed here are listed among strong costal ribs, spread laterally. In other respect larvae "Other extinct species of Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS". have plesiomorphic siphlonuroid appearance, with primary swimming setation on caudalii. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 4. t Aphelophlebodes/fg Age. Jurassic (Siberia). [f: Aphelophlebodidae Pierce 1945: 3; g: Aphelophlebodes Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): kazlauskasi Pierce 1945: 3, typusA. stockiPierce 1945 (design. orig.)]. [E.]: 0. Reference. Demoulin 1962: part of wing. Age. Later Miocene (USA). Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 10. t Mogzonuruslg [g: Material examined: -. Mogzonurus Sinitshenkova 1985: 15, typus M elevatus Sinitshenkova 1985 (design. orig.)]. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 5. t Turfanerella/g [g: Reference. Sinitshenkova 1985: genitals of 61. Turfanerella Demoulin 1954e: 324, typus Ephemeropsis Plesiomorphy. Gonostylus with 2 distal segments. tingiPing 1935 (design. orig.)]. Age. Jurassic (Siberia). Reference. Demoulin 1954e: 0 (abdomen only). Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): elevatus Age. Jurassic (China). [M.]: EB. Material examined:-. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 11. t Mogzonurella/g [g: Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 6. t Parabaetis/g [g: Pa• Mogzonurella Sinitshenkova 1985: 16, typus M dissimiiis rabaetis Haupt 1956: 32, typus P. eocaenicus Haupt 1956 Sinitshenkova 1985 (design. orig.)]. (design.orig.)]. Reference. Sinitshenkova 1985: 0. Reference. Demoulin 1957b: part of hind wing. Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance, Age. Eocene (Germany). with primary swimming setation on caudalii. Material examined: -. Age. Jurassic (Siberia). Comment. Demoulin (l968a) presumably placed it Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): dissimilis to Ephemeridae. [M.]: 0. 358 A.PPENDIX

Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 12. t SiberiogenitesJg [g: Age. Early Cretaceous (Mongolia). Siberiogenites Sinitshenkova 1985: 20, typus S. Material examined (Paleontol. Inst): tracheata angustatus Sinitshenkova 1985 (design. orig.)]. [A.]: 0. Reference. Sinitshenkova 1985: 0. Character of unclear phylogenetic status. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 18. t Siphgondwanus/g (1) Each tergalius has a prominent anal rib at a [g: Siphgondwanus McCafferty 1990: 28, typus S. distance from anal margin. The same in Hexageniteslfgl occidentalis McCafferty 1990 (design. orig.)]. and some Recent taxa (see Index of characters [1.3.28]). Reference. McCafferty 1990: 0. Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance, Au tapomorphy. with primary swimming setation on caudalii. (1) Each tergalius I-VII with a row of long spine-like Age. Jurassic (Siberia). setae on anal margin (McCafferty 199O:Fig.9). Species composition: angustatus Sinitshenkova Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance, 1985 [Siberiogenites], medius Sinitshenkova 1989 [Sibe• with primary swimming setation on caudalii. riogenites], recticostalis Sinitshenkova 2000 [Siberioge• Age. Early Cretaceous (Brazil). nites], rotundatus Sinitshenkova 1985 [Siberiogenites]. Material examined: - Material examined (Paleontol. Inst): angustatus Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 19. t Bolbooyx/g [g: Bol• [S.]: 0, medius [S.]: 0, recticostalis [S.]: 0, rotundatus [S.]: 0. bonyx Sinitshenkova 1990: 17, typus B. ludibriosus Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 13. t Foliomimus/g [g: Sinitshenkova 1990]. Foliomimus Sinitshenkova 1985: 21, typus Epeoromimus Reference. Sinitshenkova 1990: 0. tertius Tshernova 1969 (design. orig.)]. Age. Late Jurassic I Lower Cretaceous (Siberia). Reference. Sinitshenkova 1985: 0. Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): ludibriosus Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance. [B.]: 0. Age. Jurassic (Siberia). Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 20. t Furvonetalg [g: Material examined (paleontol. Inst.): tertius [E]: 0. Furvoneta Sinitshenkova 1990: 18, typus Mesoneta lata Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 14. t Australurus/g [g: Sinitshenkova 1976]. Australurus Jell & Duncan 1986: 120, typus A. plexus Jell & Reference. Sinitshenkova 1976a: 0; -1990: 0. Dunkan 1986 (design. orig.)]. Age. Late Jurassic / Lower Cretaceous (Siberia). Reference. Jell & Duncan 1986: 0. Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): lata [M.]: 0. Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance, Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 21. Costalimella/g [g: with primary swimming setation on caudalii. t Age. Early Cretaceous (Australia). Costalimella Martins-Neto 1996: 184, typus C. nordestina Martins-Neto 1996 (design. orig.)]. Material examined: -. Reference. Martins-Neto 1996: ~. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 15. t Duldmanoa/g [g: Age. Early Cretaceous (Brazil). Dulcimanna Jell & Duncan 1986: 124, typus D. sculptor Material examined: - Jell & Duncan 1986 (design. orig.)]. Com men t. Venation of cubital field of fore wing is Reference. Jell & Duncan 1986: 19. unknown; judging by distal position of MA bifurcation, it Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance, can belong to Hexagenites/fg 1. with primary swimming setation on caudalii. Age. Early Cretaceous (Australia). Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 22. t Cretomitarcys/fg Material examined: -. [f: Cretomitarcyinae Sinitshenkova 2000c: 113; g: Creto• mitarcys Sinitshenkova 2000c: 114, typus C. luzzii Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 16. t Leptooeta/g [g: Sinitshenkova 2000 (design. orig.)]. Leptoneta Sinitshenkova 1989: 37, typus L. calyptrata Reference. Sinitshenkova2000c: IY. Sinitshenkova 1989 (design. orig.)]. Age. Late Cretaceous (New Jersey amber). Reference. Sinitshenkova 1989: 0. Material examined: - Age. Early Cretaceous (Mongolia). Comment. The original description does not allow Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): calyptrata to conclude if this specimen belongs to Posteritorna (with [L.]: 0. AA falling to tornoapical margin), or to Anteritorna (with 2 additional longitudinal veins in some space between MA Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 17. t Alhisca/g [g: Alhis• and CuP). ca Sinitshenkova 1989: 39, typus A. tracheata Sini• tshenkova 1989 (design. orig.)]. Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 23. t Palaeometropus/g Reference. Sinitshenkova 1989: 19. [g: Palaeometropus Sinitshenkova 2000c: 117, typus P. Plesiomorphy. Larva has siphlonuroid appearance, cassus Sinitshenkova 2000 (design. orig.)]. with primary swimming setation on caudalii. Reference. Sinitshenkova2000c: (J. MAYFUES OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMATIC POSITION 359

Age. Late Cretaceous (New Jersey amber). Reference. Riek 1976: fore wing. Material examined: - Autapomorphy of LitophlebiIJ. (1) Cubital and anal fields of fore wing are Other extinct species of Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS. Besides the type species of generic names listed above, greatly reduced, CuA is extremely shortened, cubital following extinct species have uncertain systematic field has no intercalaries or other veins going to position: Species poorly described as adults from Baltic wing margin. At the same time MP is not shortened, amber - gigantea Pictet & Hagen 1856 [Baetis], grossa terminates far from CuA and partly goes parallel to Pictet & Hagen 1856 [Baetis], macrops Pictet & Hagen wing margin (like CuA in Anteritoma or AA in 1856 [Palingenia]. Species described as adults with Posteritoma). unclear wing venation from Tertiary of North America• Age. Triassic (South Africa). howarthi Cockerell 1908 [Ephemera]. Species described Material examined: -. as larvae from Jurassic, Cretaceous and Coenozoic of Eurasia, Africa, Australia and North America - africana Sinitshenkova 1975 [Hexameropsis] (examined), * * * africanus Haughton 1924 [Phtharthus], alderensis Lewis 1977 [!sonychia], al/ata Sinitshenkova 1985 [Mesobaetis] Other Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS (examined), amplectus Sinitshenkova 2000 [Mesobaetis] Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 2. (examined), beipiaoensis Wang 1980 [Mesoneta], t Thuringopteryx/g [g: Thuringopteryx Kuhn 1937: 191, beybienkoi Tshemova 1969 [Epeoromimus] (examined), typus T. gimmi Kuhn 1937 (monotypy)]. citima Sinitshenkova 2000 [Clavineta] (examined), clara References. Kuhn 1937: distal part of wing; - Sinitshenkova 2000 [Stackelbergisca] (examined), MUller 1965: distal part of wing; - Kluge & Sinitshenkova colorata Sinitshenkova 1990 [Mogzonurella] (examined), 2002: belongs to Ephemeroptera. cretaceous Sinitshenkova 1976 [Epeoromimus] (exami• Age. Triassic (Germany). ned), deusta Sinitshenkova 2000 [Mesoneta] (examined), Material examined: -. emmavillensis Riek 1954 [Cloeon], imitans Sinitshenkova 1985 [Foliomimus] (examined), infractus Sinitshenkova Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 3. 1989 [£peoromimus] (examined), longa Sinitshenkova t Triassomachilis/fg [f: Triassomachilidae Sharov 1948; 1985 [Mogzonurella] (examined), maculata Hong & Liang g: Triassomachilis Sharov 1948, typus T. uralensis Sharov & Hu 1995 [Mesobaetis], magna Sinitshenkova 1985 1948]. [Mesoneta] (examined), mandalensis Sinitshenkova 1989 References. Rasnitsyn 1980; - Sinitshenkova [Mesobaetis] (examined), mongolica Sinitshenkova 1989 2000d: 0. [Mesoneta] (examined), rubiens Lewis 1977 [Potaman• Age. Triassic (Urals). thellus] (for comment - see above, Neoeophemera/fgl Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): uralensis INCERTAE SEDIS), sanjianfangensis Hong & Liang & Hu [T.]: 0. 1995 [Mesobaetis], shanwangensis Hong 1983 [Epheme• Comment. Originally (Sharov 1948) these fossils rella], tushilgae Sinitshenkova 1989 [Mesoneta] (exami• were described as Triplura with segmented abdominal ned), undina Sinitshenkova 1976 [Mesoneta] (examined), styli (that was used to argue a wrong statement that insect utriculata Sinitshenkova 1985 [Mesoneta] (examined), styli were initially segmented and originated from legs); zolensis Sinitshenkova 1990 [Mesoneta] (examined). Subsequently (Sinitshenkova 2000d), they were described as larvae of the euplectopteran genus Mesoneta, which * * * have mesothoracic wing buds larger than metathoracic ones. Actually on these fossils styli are absent, and wing Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 1 buds are not preserved. Litophlebia/fg(l) t Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 4. Nomen hierarchicum: Litophlebialfg(l) [f: Litophle• t Aenigmephemeralfg [f: Aenigmephemeridae Tshemo• biidae Hubbard & Riek 1978: 260; g: Litophlebia va 1968: 23; g: Aenigmephemera Tshemova 1968: 23, Hubbard & Riek 1978: 260, typus Xenophlebia optata typus A. demoulini Tshemova 1968 (design. orig.)]. Riek 1976 (design.orig.); syn.obj.: Xenophlebia References. Tshemova 1968: distal part of fore Riek 1976: 150, nom. praeocc.]. wing; - 1970. In circumscription matches: Age. Jurassic (Kazakhstan). - superfam. Xenophlebioidea Riek 1976: 149; - fam. Xenophlebiidae Riek 1976: 150; Material examined (Paleontol. Inst.): demoulini - gen. Xenophlebia Riek 1976: 150; [A.]: distal part offore wing. - superfam. Litophlebioidea Hubbard & Riek 1978: 260; - fam. Litophlebiidae Hubbard & Riek 1978: 260; Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 5. - gen. Litophlebia Hubbard&Riek 1978: 260. t Palinephemera/g [g: Palinephemera Lin 1986: 26, 360 ApPENDIX typus Palinephemera densivena Lin 1986 (design. orig.)]. peculiar for Panephemeroptera and Odonatoptera. Reference. Lin 1986: wing. Size. Fore wing length presumably 100-200 mm. Age. Early Jurassic (China). Age. Late Carboniferous (USA). Material examined: -. Nominal taxa included. Syntonopteralfgl includes: Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 6. (1) Lithoneuralg [g: Lithoneura Carpenter 1938: 446, t Clephemeralg [g: Clephemera Lin 1986: 27, typus C. typus L. lameerei Carpenter 1938 (design.orig.)]; (2) clava Lin 1986 (design. orig.)]. Bojopblebialfg [f: Bojophlebiidae Kukalova-Peck 1985: Reference. Lin 1986: 19. 934; g: Bojophlebia Kukalova-Peck 1985: 936, typus B. Age. Early Jurassic (China). procopi Kukalova-Peck 1985 (design. orig.)]. Material examined: -. Species composition ofSyntonopteralfgl. 5 species - carpenteri Richardson 1956 [Lithoneura], lameerei Other species of Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS. Carpenter 1938 [Lithoneura], mirifica Carpenter 1944 Besides uralensis [Triassomachilis] (see above), following [Lithoneura], procopi Kukalova-Peck 1985 [Bojophlebia], species are described as larvae from Triassic of Ukraine, schucherti Handlirsch 1911 [Syntonoptera]. Urals and West Siberia - minuta Sinitshenkova 2000 Material examined: -. [Mesoneta], triassica Sinitshenkova 2000 [Mesoneta], picta Sinitshenkova 2000 [Mesoneta], ornata Sinitshen• *** kova 2000 [Mesobaetis]. They were attributed to artificial Mesozoic euplectopteran genera Mesoneta and Meso• Other Pterygota INCERT AE SEDIS baetis; in the original descriptions (Sinitshenkova 2000d) there are figured large mesonotal and small metanotal Pterygota INCERTAE SEDIS 2. t Geisfeldiellalg [g: Geis• wing buds typical for Euplectoptera; however, all feldiella Kuhn 1951: 61, typus G. benkerti Kuhn 1951 specimens (deposited in Palaeontololgical Institute in (monotypy)]. Moscow and re-examined by me) have thoraces very Reference. Kuhn 1951: wing. poorly preserved, with wing buds indistinct. As no Age. Liass (Germany). Triassic Euplectoptera are known for certain, there is no Material examined: -. reason to regard these fossils as belonging to Comment. Originally Geisfeldiella was described as Euplectoptera a member of Lepidoptera; later it was assumed to belong to Ephemeroptera (Kluge & Sinitshenkova 2002: 97). *** Actually, judging by the photograph (Kuhn 1951: Abb.l) RS seems to form no more than 2 successive triads (instead of 3 triads characteristic for Ephemeroptera); Pterygota INCERTAE SEDIS 1 t Syntonopteralfgl possibly this insect belongs to Odonata Nomen hierarchicum: Syntonopteralfgl (incl. Litho• Pterygota INCERTAE SEDIS 3. t Montralialg [g: Montra• neura, Bojophlebia) [f: Syntonopteridae Handlirsch lia Via & Calsada 1987: 278, typus M muelleri Via & 1911: 299; g: Syntonoptera Handlirsch 1911: 299, Calsada 1987 (design. orig.)]. typus S. schucherti Handlirsch 1911 (monotypy)). Reference. Via&Calsada 1987: wing. In circumscription matches: Age. Triassic (Spain). - superfam. Syntonopteroidea: Kukalova-Peck 1985:939. Material examined: -. Comment. Originally Montralia was described as a References. Kukalova-Peck 1985: adult; - Carpenter member of Ephemeroptera Actually, veins do not form 1987: adult. triads (Via & Calsada 1987:Fig.I); probably this insect Characters of unclear phylogenetic status. belongs to Neoptera. (1) Sc and RA go nearly up to wing apex; RS begins as common stem, concave, independent from Pterygota INCERTAE SEDIS 4. t Tintorinalfg [f: Tintori• RA; MA convex, MP concave, CuA convex, CuP nidae Krzeminski & Lombardo 2001: 72; g: Tintorina concave. The same in Panephemeroptera, Proto• Krzeminski & Lombardo 2001: 72, typus T. meridensis rrhynchota and Odonatoptera. Krzeminski & Lombardo 2001 (design. orig.)]. Reference. Krzeminski & Lombardo 2001: adults. (2) MA begins independently from RS, but in its Age. Middle Triassic (Switzerland). base is curved anteriorly and at a short distance Material examined: -. approximated or fused with RS (in contrast to Comment. Originally described as a member of Euephemeroptera, where MA is basally completely Ephemeroptera. Venation is similar to that of Epheme• fused with RS). Non-unique character. roptera (while some veins are not preserved); in contrast to (3) RS, MA, MP and CuA are branched, in some all Euephemeroptera, costal brace is absent, and Sc falls to cases forming triads. More constant triads are costal margin. MAYFliES OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMATIC POSITION 361

Euarthropoda INCERTAE SEDIS Nomina dubia

A single fossil specimen from Middle Triassic of West The following old species names are recently out of use; Siberia was described as mayfly larva mogutshevae possibly they belong to well-known species and should be Sinitshenkova 2000 [Archaeobehningia]. This fossil regarded as NOMINA OBUTA. European species: (deposited in Paleontol. lnst. and re-examined by me) has angustipennis Rambur 1842 [Ephemera], argentata Pictet distinct trunk tergites, but other details described and 1843 [Caenis], brevicauda Fabricius 1793 [Ephemera], figured (Sinitshenkova 200Od: Fig.3b) - antenna, legs and chironomiformis Curtis 1834 [Brachycercus], jUsca fore wing bud - are indistinct and possibly absent. Schneider 1845 [Cloe],jUscula Schrank 1798 [Ephemera], gemmata Scopoli 1763 [Ephemera], halterata Fabricius *** 1777 [Ephemera], minima (Linnaeus 1747) Muller 1776 [Ephemera], montana Pictet 1843 [Baetis], nervosa Villers Animalia lNCERTAE SEDIS 1789 [Ephemera], plumosa MUlIer 1776 [Ephemera], rufa Rambur 1842 [Ephemera], speciosa Poda 1761 [Ephe• Animalia INCERTAE SEDIS. t Asthenopodichnium/g [g: mera], stigma Gmelin (in Linnaeus) 1790 [Ephemera], Asthenopodichnium Thenius 1979: 185, typus A. xylobion• vitrea Zetterstedt 1840 [Ephemera]. North American tum Thenius 1979 (design. orig.)]. species: noveboracana Lichtenstein 1796 [Ephemera], Age. Miocene (Austria). pudica Hagen 1861 [Ephemera]. Material examined: -. Comment. Two species-xylobiontum Thenius 1979 *** [A.] and ossibiontum Thenius 1988 [A.] - are described only as traces, and attributed to Ephemeroptera-Fossoriae. Actually, such traces can belong to any group of animals.

* * * INDEX OF CHARACTERS

In detail about these characters see in the characteristics of 1. LARVA the taxa: number in brackets corresponds to a number of Head and its appendages [1.1], thorax and its appendages [1.2], an autapomorphy or a character of unclear phylogenetic abdomen and its appendages [1.3]. status, "(P)" means that the character is placed in a list of [1] Larva plesiomorphies without a number, "V AR" means that the - siphlonuroid: Euephemeroptera (not all) (5) {Siphlo• character is placed in a list of variable characters without a nurus/fgI (P), Dipteromimus (P), AmeletuslfgI (P), number. Words " ... (not all)" mean that this is possibly MetretopuslfgI (P), Acanthametropuslfgl (P), Amet• initial (but not unique) condition of the character in this ropus (P), Siphlaenigma (P), Turbanoculata (not all) taxon; words "part of ... " mean that this is secondary (and (V AR), Nesameletuslfl=MetamoniusigI (P), Vetulata not unique) condition of the character in this taxon; more (P), Rallidens (P)} exact explanations of each case is given in the taxon - flattened dorsoventrally: AcanthametropuslfgI (6), characteristics. Taxon name in brackets: {... } - taxon (or Ametropus (1), Chiloporter (2), Heptagennota (I) taxa) subordinate to the previous one. - sand-dweller: Ametropus (1) - burrowing: ExeuthyplocialfgI (3), Fossoriae (1) Characters are given in following order: - pushing itself in sand: Behningialfg2 (1) [1] Larva - with sucking disk on sterna: Dicercomyzon (3) [1.1] Head and its appendages - with sucking disk made by tergalii - see [1.3.31] Head capsule [1.1.1-5] - with gills on maxilla [1.1.29]: Nesameletuslfl=Meta- Eyes [1.1.6--7] monius/gl (7), Rallidens (4), Eusetisura (3) Antennae [1.1.8-11] -with gills on labium [1.1.47]: Siphluriscus (1), part of Mouth apparatus [I. 1.12-59] Eusetisura (3) [1.2] Thorax and its appendages - with gills on thorax sterna: part of Eusetisura (3) Prothorax [1.2.2-3] - with gills on coxal articulation: part of Turbanoculata Mesothorax and fore wing buds [1.2.4-8] (V AR), Siphluriscus (1), part of Eusetisura (3) Metathorax and hind wing buds [1.2.9-10] {Isonychialfgl (I2)} Legs [1.2.11-53] - with gills formed by tergalii - see [1.3 .19-59] [1.3] Abdomen and its appendages Lateral margins [1.3.1-2] Terga [1.3.3-5] Sterna [1.3 .6--8] 1.1. LARVAL HEAD Selected abdominal segments [1.3.9-18] AND ITS APPENDAGES Tergalii [1.3.19-59] Head capsule [1.1.1-5], eyes [1.1.6--7], antennae [1.1.8-11], Gonostyli [1.3.60] mouth apparatus [1.1.12-59] Segment X [1.3.61-62] [1.1] Head Caudalii [1.3.63-67] - hypognathous: Siphlonuruslfgl (P), Ameletuslfgl (P), [2] Subimago and imago AcanthametropuslfgI (P), Ametropus (1), Metretopusl [2.1] Head and its appendages Ifgl (P), Tetramerotarsata (V AR), Vetulata (5), Nesa• Antennae [2.1.1] meletuslfl =MetamoniusigI (P), Rallidens (P) Eyes [2.1.2-5] - prognathous: Chiloporter (2) [2.2] Thorax and its appendages - enlarged: Ameletopsislfg 1 (I) Prothorax [2.2.1-2] [1.1.1] Vertex Mesothorax [2.2.3-25] - with pair of tubercles: Rhionella (2) Metathorax [2.2.26] [1.1.2] Frontal suture Wings [2.2.27-72] - anteriad oflateral ocelli: Turbanoculata (3) Legs [2.2.73-87] [2.3] Abdomen and its appendages [1.1.3] Frons bears Segments I-VII [2.3.1-5] - pair of projections between antennae: Baetiscalf4=g3 Sternum IX [2.3.6--7] (1), Acanthametropuslfg2 (1) Gonostyli [2.3.8-14] - pair of denticles dorsad of antennae: Palingenialf2= Penis [2.3.15-17] =gl (1), Vietnamella (I) Segment X [2.3.18] - pair of denticles ventrad of antennae: Vietname/la(I) Caudalii [2.3.19-22] - pair oflongitudinal ridges: Vetulata (5) [3] Egg - unpaired pointed projection: Isonychialfgl (1) - shelf-like projection: Fossoriae (2)

363 364 INDEX OFCHARACTERS

- shelf-like projection serrate or bidentate: Ephemeral MOUTH APPARATUS IfgIO (I), Palingenialf2=gI (I) Specialization [1.1.12], labrum [1.1.13-16], mandible [1.1.7-26], - projection with long setae: Clypeocaenislg3 (I) superlingua [1.1.27], hypopharynx [1.1.28], maxilla [1.1.29-46], - pair of setose projections: Behningialfg I (I) labium [1.1.47-59] - ocellar protuberances - see [1.1.6] [1.1.12] Mouth apparatus - frontal shield - see [1.1.4] - specialized for carnivorism: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (I), [1.1.4] Frontal shield (head shield) Acanthametropus/fgI (I), AmeletopsislfgI (I), part of - present: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Discoglossata Turbanoculata (VAR), Pseudiron (l), Acanthomola (I ), Heptagennota (I), Timpanogalfg4 (I), part of (I), Anepeorus (I), BehningialfgI (2) Melanemerellalfgl (V AR), Dicercomyzon (1) - filtering: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Eusetisura (2) - widened anteriorly: Epeorus/fg2 (3) {Discoglossata (2)}, Arthroplea (I), Clypeocaenislgl - sharply expanded laterally: Atopopuslg2 (1) (I), Tricorygnatha (I), Haplohyphes (I), part ofLepto• - with lateral incisions: OJigoneurialf4=g5 (1) phlebialfgI (I) - with keel: Elassoneurialg 1 (4) - scraping: Radulapalpata (I), Dicercomyzon (2) - with anterior projection: part of OJigoneurialf4=g5 (4) {Spaniophlebia (I), Oligoneurialf5=g6 (I)} LABRUM - without marginal setae: Homoeoneurialgl (5), Elas• [1.1.13-16] soneurialgl (4) - with marginal setae long: part of Turbanoculata [1.1.13] Labrum (VAR), Discoglossata (not all) (I) {OJigoneuriellalgl - widened: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (I), Ameletopsis/fg I (1) (P)}, Epeorus/fg2 (3), part of Melanemerellalfgl - elongate: Ameletus/fg I (1) (V AR), part of Teloganodes (V AR) - narrowed, length exceeds width: Cinygma (1) - with marginal setae spatulate: Lachlania (1) - truncate: Metretopus/fgI (2) - with marginal setae projected: Iron/g2 (P) - semicircular: AmeletopsislfgI (not all) {Ameletopsisl - with marginal setae pressed: lronopsis/gl (I) Ifg2 (P), Mirawara (P)} [1.1.5] Clypeus [1.1.14] Setae on outer surface of labrum - fused with labrum: Discoglossata (1 ) - transverse subapical row: Tetramerotarsata (not all) - hidden under head shield: Discoglossata (I), Hepta- (6) {Turbanoculata (not all)(4)} gennota (I) - submedian pair: Tetramerotarsata (not all) (6) - forming a shelf: EuthyplocialfgI (1) - stick-shape: Isonychialfgl (2) - with cross band of hairs: Drunellalgl (2) [1.l.l5] Setae on anterior margin oflabrum [1.l.l6] Median incision of labrum EYES OF LARVA - widened: Acanthametropus/fgl (I), Ametropus (2) [1.1.6-7] - sharp: Turbanoculata (not all) (4) [1.1.6] Ocelli MANDIBLES - approximated: Ametropus (1) [1.1.17-26] - with ocellar protuberances: Brachycercuslfl =g3 (3), Clypeocaenis/g3 (1), Caenoculis, Vietnamella (1) [1.1.17] Mandibles [1.1. 7] Oculi -lost initial asymmetry: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (1), -with vertical bands: Fascioculus (1) Acanthametropus/fg I (l), Ameletopsis/fg I (1), Pseud• - transferred anteriorly: Ametropus (I) iron (I), part of Behningialfgl (2), Vietnamella (2) - inverted: Arthroplea (2), part of Radulapalpata (V AR) ANTENNAE OF LARVA [1.l.l8] Each mandible [1.1.8-11] - elongate perpendicular to axis of articulation: Ameletus/fgl (I), Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2 [1.1.8] Antenna (1), Rallidens (1) - elongate: Tetramerotarsata (13) - shortened perpendicular to axis of articulation: [1.1.9] Scapus Acanthametropus/fgl (1), Pseudiron (1), Raptohepta• [1.l.l0] Pedicellus genia (1), Epeorus/fg3 (1), Anepeorus (I), Behningial [1.l.l1] Flagellum Ifgl (2), part of Hyrtanellalfl =Crinitellalgl (V AR), - with whorls oflong setae: EphemeralfglO (10), Hexa• part of Melanemerellalfgl (V AR), part of Teloganodes genialfg2 (I) (VAR), Dicercomyzon (2) - without long setae: Eatonicalgl (2) - elongate along axis of articulation: Prosopistomalfl = =g2 (1) - with tusk - see [1.1.20] [1.1.19] Mandibular setation - on dorsal side setal field, proximally limited by arched row: Coloburiscus/fgl (1) - on outer side 2 transverse rows: Clypeocaenis/g3 (3) - on outer side longitudinal row: Tricorygnatha (I) 1. LARVA: 1.1. HEAD 365

- on ventral side arched row: Cryptoprostemata (3) - bristle-like: Ameletus/fgI (I), Heptagennota (not all) - on ventral side regular transverse arched row: Po- (7) {Heptagenialf6=g5 (1), Epeorus/fg3 (I)} Iymitarcyslfl =Ephoron/g2 (1A) - absent: Acanthametropus/fgl (1), Ameletopsis/fgl (1), - on tusk- see [1.1.20] part of Heptagennota (7) {Pseudiron (I)} - on median margin- see [1.1.23] [1.1.25] Prostheca of right mandible [1.1.20] Tusk - brush-like: Siphlaenigma (P) - present: Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (8) - stick-like: Turbanoculata (not all) (6) - absent: part of Fimbriatotergaliae (8) {Behningialfgl - bifurcate: part ofTurbanoculata (6) (13), Caenotergaliae (1O)} - bristle-like: part ofTurbanoculata (6) - curved medially: Potamanthuslfgl (7), Euthyplocialfgl - absent: Acanthametropus/fgl (1), Ameletuslfgl (1), (2), Ichthybotus (I), Polymitarcys/fl=Ephoron/g2 (8) Ameletopsislfg 1 (I), Heptagennota (7) {Pseudiron (I) } - curved laterally: Ephemera/fg9 (2), Palingenia/f2=gl (8) [1.1.26] Mola -long: Anthopotamus (I), part of Rhoenanthus/gl (V AR) - absent: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (I) - short: Potamanthus/fg3 (l), part of Rhoenanthus/g I - without grater: Acanthametropus/fg 1 (I), Ameletop- (V AR), Afromeralgl (1) sis/fgl (1), Pseudiron (1), Raptoheptagenia (1), - round in section: Ephemera/fg9 (2) Acanthomola (I), Anepeorus (1), Behningia/fgl (2) - with lateral serrate ridge: Palingenialf2=gl (2) - with spine-like seta on each denticle: Palingenialf2= SUPERLINGUAE =gl (not all) (2) {Pentagenia (P), Chankagenesia (P), [l.1.27] Anagenesia/g2 (P), Cheirogenesia (P)} - without spine-like seta on denticle: part of Palinge• [1.1.27] Superlinguae nia/f2=gl (2) {Palingenialf4=g3 (1), Mortogenesia - vestigial or absent: Prosopistoma/fl =g2 (I), Acantha• (I), Plethogenesia (2)} metropus/fgl (1), Ameletopsislfgl (1), Pseudiron (I), - with tubercles dorsally and laterally: Ichthybotus Raptoheptagenia (I), Anepeorus (1) (1), Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3 (7) - curved laterally: Arthroplea (7), Heptagenia/f5=g4 - with denticles on inner side: Campsurus/fg 1 (I) (1), Raptoheptagenia (3), Dicercomyzon (2) - with largest denticle in proximal part of inner side: - strongly curved laterally: Stenonemalgl (I) Campsurus/fg3 (2) - laterally concave, apically rounded: Kageronia (I) - with largest denticle in distal part of inner side: -laterally concave, apically angulate: Dacnogenia (3) Tortopus (2) - laterally with subapical incision: Heptagenia/f8=g7 (I) - specialized as biting: Asthenopus/fgl (I) -laterally with subbasal concavity: Ecdyonuruslfgl (2) - with long setae on inner side: Euthyplocia/fgl (2) - widened apically: Cinygma (4) [1.1.21] Incisor (apical canine of mandible) - with divergent margins: Bleptus (4), Ironodes (3) - diminished: Discoglossata (2), Campsurus/fg 1 (I) - with maximum width in middle and convergent - enlarged: Nesameletuslfl =Metamonius/g 1 (I), Vietna- toward apex: Rhithrogenalfg2 (5), Epeorus/fg3 (3) mella (2) - parallel-sided: Paegniodes (P) - with combs: Rallidens (1 ) - with 3 apical denticles: Heptagenialf6=g5 (not all) (1) HypoPHARYNX - stout: Epeorus/fg3 (I) [l.1.28] - of right mandible with large denticle near apex: [1.1.28] Hypopharynx Ecdyonurus/fgl (2) - truncate: Metretopus/fgl (2) - of right mandible with process at base: Polymitar• - incised apically: Ametropus (2) cyslf2=Ephoron/g3 (I) - shortened: Dacnogenia (1) [1.1.22] Kinetodontium (subapical canine of mandible) - vestigial: Nesameletuslfl =Metamonius/gl (I), Vietna- MAXILLAE mella (2) Maxilla [l.1.29], ventral setae [1.1.30], apical setae [l.1.31-32], - diminished: Discoglossata (2), Campsurus/fgl (1) canines [1.1.33-34], setae of median margin [1.1.35-40], - jointed: Siphlaenigma (P) maxillary palp [l.1.41-46] - not jointed: Turbanoculata (5) [1.1.29] Maxilla - elongate: Ameletopsis/fg 1 (I) - filtering [1.1.31-32]: Ameletuslfgl (I), Polymitarcyslfl= - stout: Epeorus/fg3 (1) =Ephoron/g2 (2), part of Ephemerellalfgl (16) {Cin• [1.1.23] Median margin (between kinetodontium and cticostellalg2 (1), Uracanthella (1), Allenhyphes (2), mola) Haplohyphes (l)}, Leptophlebia/fgl (I) - bears prostheca- see [1.1.24-25] - scraping: part of Ephemerellalfgl (16) {Dicercomyzon -with setae: Turbanoculata (not all) (6), Heptagennota (2)} (not all) (7) {Heptagenialf6=g5 (not all) (I), Ecdyonu• - diminished: Behningia/fg2 (2) rus/fgl (2), Epeoruslfg3 (1)} - widened: Rallidens (2) [1.1.24] Prostheca ofleft mandible - elongate-rectangle: Radulapalpata (not all) (3) {Bleptus - brush-like: Siphlaenigma (P) (P), Ironodes (P), Paegniodes (P)} - stick-like: Turbanoculata (6) - narrowed toward apex: Discoglossata (2) 366 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

- truncate (with apical margin formed by expansion -long, form regular field adjacent to canines: Pota• of outer margin): Radulapalpata (not all) (3), manthuslfgl (8), Euthyplocialfgl (6), Ephemerellalfgl Polymitarcyslfl =Ephoronlg2 (2), part of Ephemerellal (16) {Cincticostellalgl (1) {Cincticostellalg2 (I)}, Ifgl (16), Leptophlebialfgl (I) Uracanthella (I)}, Leptophlebialfg I (I) - truncate (with apical margin formed by expansion - short, scraping: Dicercomyzon (2) of inner margin): Tricorygnatha (I) - with acute median-apical angle: Isonychialfgl (10), Apical canines of maxilla Discoglossata (2), Rhithrogenalfg2 (I), Epeoruslfg3 (I) [1.1.33--34] - with tusk-like process on median-apical angle: part of Leptophlebialfg I (I) [1.1.33] Number of maxillary canines (among all Ephe• - with 5 movable appendages: Ameletopsis/fg 1 (1) meroptera) - with gill at joining of cardo and stipes: Nesameletusl - 0: Ameletus/fgl (1), part of Uracanthella (I), Tricory• Ifl=Metamonius/gI (7), Rallidens (4) gnatha (1), Dicercomyzon (2), part of Leptophlebial - with gill at joining with head: Eusetisura (3) Ifgl (I) - 1: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (1), Discoglossata (2), Arthro• plea (1), Cinygma (2), Behningialfg2 (2), Palingenial Ventral setae of maxilla 1f2=gl (3), Vietnamella (5), Teloganodes (3) [1.1.30-31] - 2: Metretopus/fgl (2), Acanthametropus/fgl (I), Amet• [1.1.30] Setae on ventral side of maxilla ropus (2), Isonychialfgl (10), Pseudiron (1), Hexa• - form transverse row: Tricorygnatha (1 ) genialgl (2), Protobehningia (P), part of Polymitar• - form longitudinal row: Branchitergaliae (I) cyslfl =Ephoronlg2 (2) -longitudinal row straight: Cinygma (5), Paegniodes - 3: Baetiscalf2=gl (P), Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dipteromi• (P), Epeorus/fgl (6) {Epeorus/fg3 (I)} mus (P), Tetramerotarsata (P), Vetulata (P), Nesame• - longitudinal row slightly curved laterally: Heptage• letus/fl=Metamonius/gl (2), Rallidens (2), Coloburis• nialf6=g5 (2) cus/fgl (not all) (8), Heptagenialf5=g4 (P), Rhithro• - longitudinal row strongly curved laterally: Rhithro• genalfgl (P), Potamanthus/fgl (P), Euthyplocialfgl genalfg2 (1) (P), Ichthybotus (P), EphemeralfglO (P), Polymitar• - irregular field: Ecdyonuruslfgl (2) cyslfl=Ephoron/g2 (not all) (2), Caenotergaliae (P), Ephemerellalfg2 (not all) (P), Ephemerythus (P), Tricorythodes/fgl (P), Leptohyphes/fg2 (P), Allenhy• Apical setae of maxilla phes (2), Leptophlebialfgl (not all) (1) [1.1.31-32] [1.1.34] Form of maxillary canines [1.1.31] Setae of apical-ventral row (among all Epheme• - in one plane with dentisetae: Acanthametropus/fg I (I) roptera) - stout: Nesameletuslfl=Metamonius/gl (2) - absent: Posteritoma (7), Siphlonisca (1), Acanthamet• - flat and wide: Rallidens (2) ropus/fgI (1), Ametropus (2), part ofNesameletuslfl= - strongly enlarged: Epeorus/fg3 (I) =Metamonius/gI (2), Ameletopsis/fgl (1), Rallidens - diminished: Uracanthella (I) (2), Eusetisura (4), Pseudiron (1), Arthroplea (1), Rap• - completely fused together: Vietnamella (5), Teloga- toheptagenia (1), Cinygma (2), Epeorus/fg3 (1), Acan• nodes (3) thomola (1), Anepeorus (1), Fimbriatotergaliae (11), - separated by impression: Cincticostellalgl (1) Ephemerellalfg I (16), part of Leptophlebialfg I (1) - ventral canine flattened and denticulate: Cincticos- - vestigial: Dipteromimus (1), Nesameletuslfl=Metamo• tellal g2 (1) nius/gI (not all) (2), Stenonemalg2 (V AR), Epeorusl IfgI (not all) (5) {Bleptus (P), Ironodes (P)}, part of Setae of inner (median) margin of maxilla Leptophlebialfgl (1) [1.1.35-40] - non-pectinate, transferred ventrally: Metretopus/fgI (2), Tetramerotarsata (7) [1.1.35] Setae of inner-ventral row - non-pectinate or pectinate: Siphlonurus/fgI (not all) - absent: Tricorygnatha (1) (P), Vetulata (P) - 3: Teloganodes (3) - pectinate elongate: Ameletus/fgl (1), LeptophlebialfgI - distal seta canine-like: Discoglossata (2) (not all)(l) [1.1.36] Setae of inner-dorsal row - pectinate oblique brush-shaped: Radulapalpata (not - 2: Teloganodes (3) all) (3) - on distal margin: Tricorygnatha (I) [1.1.32] Setae on apical side of maxilla (apart of apical• - dentisetae - see [1.1.3 7-40] ventral row - see [1.1.31]) [1.1.37] Number of dentisetae (among all Ephemeroptera) - absent: Nesameletuslfl =Metamonius/gl (2), Amele• - 0: part of Bidentiseta (I) {Protobehningia (3), part of topsis/fg 1 (1), Raptoheptagenia (1), Epeorus/fg3 (1) Polymitarcyslfl =Ephoron/g2 (2), part of Leptophlebial -long, irregular: Arthroplea (1), Cinygma (2), Bleptus fgJ (1) (P), Ironodes (P) - 1: Ameletus/fgJ (I), part of Bidentiseta (1) {part of -long, form regular field not adjacent to canines: IsonychialfgJ (2), Palingenialf2=gJ (3), Tricorygnatha Polymitarcys/fl =Ephoron/g2 (2), Clypeocaenis/gJ (I) (1), Dicercomyzon (2), part of LeptophlebialfgJ (J)} 1. LARVA: 1.1. HEAD 367

-2: part of Acanthametropus/fgl (I), Bidentiseta (not - specialized as scraping: Rhithrogenalfgl (1) all) (I) {Coloburiscus/fgl (not all) (8), Isonychialfgl [1.1.42] Number of segments in maxillary palp (among (not all) (2), Heptagennota (P), Potamanthus/fgl (P), all Ephemeroptera) Euthyplocialfgl (P), lchthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 - 1: Acanthametropuslfg2 (2), part ofEphemerelialfgl (1) (P), Behningialfg2 (P), Polymitarcys/fl =Ephoronlg2 - 2: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), part of Eusetisura (2) (not all) (2), Caenotergaliae (P), Ephemerellalfg2 (P), {Isonychia (2), Discoglossata (2)}, Arthroplea (1), Ephemerythus (P), Machadorythus (P), Tricorythodesl Rhithrogenalfgl (1), Anepeorus (2), part of Ephe• Ifgl (P), Leptohypheslfg2 (P), Allenhyphes (2), Viet• meralfg9 (P), Cryptoprosternata (4), Brachycercuslfl= namella (5), Teloganodes (3), Leptophlebialfgl (not =g3 (1), Clypeocaenis/g2 (1) all) (1) - 3: Posteritoma (P), Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dipteromimus - 3: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (1), Anteritoma (not all) (2) (P), Ameletus/fgl (P), Metretopus/fgl (2), Analetris {Tridentiseta (not all) (P) {Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dip• (P), Ametropus (P), Siphlaenigma (2), Turbanoculata teromimus (P), Metretopus/fgl (P), Acanthametropusl (not all) (V AR), Vetulata (P), Nesameletus/fl = Ifgl (not all) (1), Ametropus (2), Tetramerotarsata (P), =Metamoniuslgl (4), Rallidens (P), Eusetisura (not Nesameletus/fl=Metamonius/g (3), Vetulata (P), all) (2) {Coloburiscus/fgl (P)}, Pseudiron (P), Hepta• Rallidens (2)}, part ofColoburiscus/fgl (8) genialf5=g4 (P), Potamanthus/fgl (P), Euthyplocialfgl - more than 3: Posteritoma (not all) (P) {Baetiscalf2=gl (P), lchthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 (not all) (P), (P)} Behningialfgl (P), Neoephemeralfgl (P), Caenis/f5= - indeterminate: Posteritorna (not all) (P) {Baetiscalf2= =g3 (P), Amercaenis (P), Caenopsellalgl (P), Brasilio• =gl (P)}, part of Anteritorna (2) {part of Bidentiseta caenis (P), Caenoculis (P), Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (I) {Coloburiscus/fgl (8)}} (1), Leptophlebialfgl (P) [1.1.38] 1st dentiseta (distal) - many secondary segments: Ameletopsis/fgl (I) - absent: part of Bidentiseta (1) {part of Isonychialfgl [l.1.43] 1st segment of maxillary palp (2), Palingenialf2=gl (3), Tricorygnatha (1), Dicerco• - shortened: Cryptoprostemata (4) {Discoglossata (2)} myzon (2), part of Leptophlebialfgl (1) - elongate: Arthroplea (I) - vestigial: Isonychialfgl (not all) (2), Euthyplocialfgl - with fan-form flexor attached to outer margin: (P), Hexagenialgl (2) Rhithrogenalfg 1 (1) - canine-like: Acanthametropus/fg I (I) - with fan-form flexor attached to inner margin: - massive, pressed to canines: part of Turbanoculata Behningialfg2 (2) (V AR), Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2 (2) [1.1.44] Distal (2nd+3rd) segment of2-segmented maxilla- - branched from base: Atopopus/gl (1) ry palp - not branched: Ecdyonurus/fg2 (P), Afghanurus/gl (P) - divided into secondary segments:Ameletopsislfgl (1) [1.1.39] 2nd dentiseta (proximal in Bidentiseta) - thickened: Eusetisura (2), Cryptoprosternata (4) - canine-like: Acanthametropus/fg 1 (I) - long, with 2 rows of flltering setae: Arthroplea (I) - on common base with 3rd: Nesameletuslfl=Metamo- - with scraping setae: Rhithrogenalfg 1 (I) nius/gl (3) - with scraping setae occupying nearly whole length - on common plate with 3rd: Nesameletus/f2=Metamo- of segment: Rhithrogenalfg3 (I) nius/g2 (3) - with pigmented ridge bordering field of scraping - straight: Isonychialfgl (2) setae: Rhithrogenalfg2 (2) -widened and dentate: Pseudiron (I) [1.1.45] 2nd segment of 3-segmented maxillary palp - bifurcate: Ecdyonurus/fgl (2) - shortened: Metretopus/fgl (2), Clypeocaenis/gl (I) - pectinate: Teloganodes (3) - curved: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (I) [1.1.40] 3rd dentiseta (proximal in Tridentiseta) [1.1.46] 3rd segment of 3-segmented maxillary palp - absent: part of Acanthametropus/fgl (l), Bidentiseta (1) - shortened: Nesameletuslfl=Metamonius/gl (4), Siph- -on common base with 2nd: Nesameletus/fl=Metamo- laenigma (2), Tricorygnatha (1) nius/gl (3) - vestigial: Heptagenialf5=g4 (P) - on common plate with 2nd: Nesameletus/f2=Metamo• - vestigial small: Heptagenialf6=g5 (3) nius/g2 (3) - vestigial triangular: Ecdyonurus/fgl (2) Maxillary palp [1.1.41-46] LABIUM [1.1.41] Maxillary palp Labium [1.1.47], submentum [1.1.48], mentum [1.1.49], glossae - absent (among all Ephemeroptera): Madecocercus (1), [1.1.50-51], paraglossae [1.1.52-53], labial palps [1.1.54-59] part of Ephemerellalfgl (1) {part ofTorleyalgl (1)} - vestigial, without muscles: Acanthametropus/fg2 (2), [1.1.47] Labium Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (1) - with gills: Siphluriscus (I), part of Eusetisura (3) - secondarily elongate: Tricorygnatha (I), Machadory• - scraping: RadulapaJpata (not all) (I) thus (3) - raptorial: Raptoheptagenia (I) - strongly elongate: Arthroplea ( 1) - diminished: Behningialfg2 (2) - strongly enlarged: Behningialfg2 (2) - wide: Dicercomyzon (2) 368 INDEX OF CHAIU.CTERS

[1.1.48] Submentum Labial palps - enlarged, cover labial palps: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (I) [1.1.54-59] - with pair of flat lateral lobes: Ameletopsislfgl (I) [1.1.54] Labial palp - shortened: Tricorygnatha (I) - sp~d as scraping: Radulapalpata (I) - membranous without muscles: Pentamerotarsata (I) - strongly enlarged: Behningialfg2 (2) [1.1.49] Mentum [1.1.55] Number of segments of labial palp (among all - enlarged, with palpi adductors transverse: Radula• Ephemeroptera) palpata (I) - 2: Metretopuslfgl (2), part of Turbanoculata (VAR), part of Eusetisura (2) {IsonychialfgI (2), Discoglos• Glossae sata (2)}, Heptagennota (8) {Pseudiron (1), Arthro• [1.1.50-51] plea (1), Radulapalpata (I)}, part of BehningialfgI (2) [1.1.50] Glossae Cryptoprosternata(4), Brachycercuslfl=g3 (2) - fused together forming disc: Discoglossata (2) - 3: Posteritorna (P), Siphlonuruslfgl (P), Dipteromimus - fused with mentum and paraglossae: Prosopistomal (P), Ameletuslfgl (P), Acanthametropuslfgl (P), 1fl=g2 (I), Tricorygnatha (I) Machadorythus (4), part Vetulata (P), Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslgl (P), of Coryphorus (VAR) Rallidens (P), Siphlaenigma (3), Turbanoculata (not - curved ventrally: Metretopuslfgl (2) all) (V AR), Ametropus (P). Eusetisura (not all) (2) - petiolate: Dipteromimus (I) {Coloburiscuslfgl (P)}, Potamanthuslfgl (P), Euthy• - basally widened ventrad of paraglossa: Turbanocu- plocia (P). Jchthybotus (P). Ephemera!fg9 (P), Behnin• lata (7), Discoglossata (2) gialfgl (not all) (2). Neoephemera!fgl (P), Caenisl - projected laterad of glossae: Discoglossata (2) 1f3=gl (P). Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (3), Leptophle• - truncate, with apical row offlat setae: Ameletuslfg2 (I) bialfgl (P) - thickened and truncate: Chiloporter (I) - many secondary segments: Ameletopsislfgl (I) - elongate and narrowed, with stout setae on apex: [1.1.56] 1st segment oflabial palp Nesameletuslfl=Metamonius/gl (5) - shortened: Cryptoprosternata (4) - crescent: Arthroplea (I) - widened, but with weak: muscles: Pseudiron (I) - semicircular: Kageronia (2) - widened, with fan-form flexor attached to outer - curved medially: Heptagenialf8=g7 (2), Stenonemalgl margin: Ametropus (2), Radulapalpata (I) (4) - widened, with fan-form flexor attached to inner - pyramidal: Radulapalpata (not all) (I) {Dacnogenia (P), margin: Behningialfg2 (2) Paegniodes (P), Rhithrogenalfg2 (P), Epeorus/fg2 (P)} [1.1.57] 2od+3rd segment of2-segmented labial palp - rhomboid: Ecdyonuruslfgl (2) - divided into secondary segments:Ameletopsislfgl (I) - widening distally. roundish-triangular: Cinygma (3) - thickened: Metretopus/fgl (2), Eusetisura (2), Crypto- - roundish: Bleptus (l) prostemata (4) - shortened: Behningialfg2 (2) - widest near middle: Metretopus/fg2 (3) [1.1.51] Setation of glossa - widest near apex: Siphloplecton (3), Metreplecton (3) - stout apical setae: Nesameletus/fl=Metamonius/gl (5) - with filtering setae: Arthroplea (1), Isonychialfgl (2) - scraping: Radulapalpata (not all) (1) Paraglossae - with field of scraping setae terminating at distance [1.1.52-53] from sclerotized ridge: Kageronia (3), Ecdyonurusl Ifgl (5), Rhithrogenalfgl (4) [1.1.52] Paraglossae - with field of scraping setae terminating close to - fused with mentum and glossae: Prosopistomalfl =g2 sclerotized ridge: Heptagenialf7=g6 (I), Cinygma (6) (I), Tricorygnatha (I), Machadorythus (4), part of - in form of sclerotized hook: Raptoheptagenia (I) Coryphorus (VAR) - with bifurcate dorsal setae: RhithrogenalfgI (2) - not separated from mentum: Posteritorna (7), Ephe• d merellalfgl (2) [1.1.58] r segment of 3-segmented labial palp - curved ventrally: Metretopuslfgl (2) - widened or with inner-apical projection: Baetiscalf3= -elongate and narrowed: Nesameletus/fl=Metamo- =g2 (3), Parameletus/fg2 (1), Ametropus (2), Acantha• niuslgl (5) metropus/fgl (I), Siphlaenigma (3) - petiolate: Dipteromimus (I) - with row of long setae on outer side: Tricorygnatha (I) - hidden in cavities on dorsal side of glossal disc: Dis- - without muscle (among all Ephemeroptera, including coglossata (2) 2-segmented palps - see [1.1.55]): Metretopuslfgl (2), - crescent: Arthroplea (l), Campsurus/fgl (2) part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Heptagennota (8), part - widened: Radulapalpata (I), Dicercomyzon (2) of Ephemeralfg9 (P), Cryptoprosternata (4), Behnin• - extended proximally: Hexagenialfg 1 (I) gialfg 1 (2), Brachycercus/fl =g3 (2), Ephemerellalfg I - shortened: Behningialfg2 (2) (3) - diminished: Tricorygnatha (I) [\.\.53] Setation of paraglossa -longitudinal row of setae: Tetramerotarsata (8) 1. LARVA: 1.2. THORAX 369

1.2. LARVAL THORAX - convergent: Coloburiscus/fgl (2), Ephemerellalfgl AND ITS APPENDAGES (not aJl)(5) Thorax [1.2.1], prothorax [1.2.2-3], mesothorax and fore wing - fused with notum up to end of scutellum: Turban• buds [1.2.4-8], metathorax and hind wing buds [1.2.9-10], legs oculata (8), Eusetisura (5), Pentamerotarsata (2), part [l.2.11-53] of Caenotergaliae (2) [1.2] Thorax - fused by mesal plate behind notum: Posteritorna (3), - forms notal shield - see [1.2.1] part of Turbanoculata (8), part of Eusetisura (5) {Coloburiscus/fgl (2), Discoglossata (3)}, Epheme• [1.2.1] Notal shield rellalfgl (5) - present: Posteritoma (3) - enclosed into notal shield: Posteritoma (3) - oval: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (2) - with pair of lateral projections: Baetiscalf3=g2 (4) [1.2.7] Mesopleuron - compressed dorsoventrally: Fascioculus (2) - with projection and setae: Behningialfgl (I) - strongly convex: Baetiscalf4=g3 (2) [1.2.8] Mesosternum - with pair of longitudinal ridges: Posteritorna (3) PROTHORAX OF LARVA - with unpaired projection: Acanthametropus/fgl (4) [l.2.2-4] - with bifurcate projection: Isonychialfgl (4) - with gill: part of Eusetisura (3) [1.2.2] Pronotum - fused with mesonotum: Posteritoma (3), Coloburis- cus/fgl (2) METATHORAX AND HIND WING BUDS OF LARVA [1.2.9-10] - fused with propleura: Campsurus/fgl (3) - with projected anterior angles: Cincticostellalgl (2) [1.2.9] Hind wing buds - with antero-Iateral denticles: part of Fimbriatoter- - differ from hind wings: Leptohyphes/fgl (not all) (2) galiae (1) - absent - see [2.2.59] - with anterior setose projections: Behningialfgl (1) [1.2.10] Metasternum - with lateral projections: Ametropus (1), - with pair of projections: Isonychialfgl (4) - with postero-Iateral projections: Pseudiron (1), - with gill: part of Eusetisura (3) Ecdyonurus/fg2 (I), Behningialfg2 (I) - with pair of cavities: Pseudiron (I) - with collar: Fimbriatotergaliae (I) LEGS OF LARVA - with V -shape impression: Ephemerellalfg I (4) Leg [1.2.11], coxa [1.2.12], trochanter [1.1.13], femur [1.2.14- - with submedian tubercles: Neoephemeralfg2 (I) 16], tibia [1.2.17-18], tarsus [1.2.19], claw [1.2.20-24]; fore leg [1.2.25-37], middle leg [1.2.38-43], hind leg [1.2.33-49], [1.2.3] Propleuron common features of certain leg pairs [1.2.50-53] - transformed to apodeme: Furcatergaliae (I) (about each pair- see [1.2.25-49]) - fused with pronotum: part of Furcatergaliae (I) {Campsurus/fgl (3)} [1.2.11] Larval legs of all 3 pairs [1.2.4] Prosternum - able to stretch posteriorly: Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dip• - with unpaired projection: Acanthametropus/fg I (4), teromimus (P), Ameletus/fgl (P), Metretopus/fgl (P), Ametropus (3) Acanthametropus/fgl (3), Siphlaenigma (P), Turbano• - with gill: part ofEusetisura (3) culata (not all) (VAR), Nesameletus/fl =Metamoniusl - narrowed, with furcate apodeme: Cryptoprostemata (I) IgI (P), Rallidens (P), Isonychialfgl (P) - unable to stretch posteriorly: part of Turbanoculata MESOTHORAX AND FORE WING BUDS OF LARVA (V AR), Heptagennota (I), Furcatergaliae (6) [1.2.5-8] - used for swimming: part of Heptagennota (I) - folded and pressed by sides to body when swim- [1.2.5] Mesonotum ming: part of Heptagennota (1) {Rhithrogenalfg2 (3)} - together with pronotum forms notal shield - see [1.2.1] - has paranota anteriad of wing buds: Ametropus (1) [1.2.12] Coxa (see also [1.2.26, 1.2.39, 1.2.45]) - with collar: [Classifications of Furcatergaliae I] (3), - with gill basally: part of Turbanoculata (VAR), Siph• Potamanthuslfgl (2), Euthyplocialfgl (7), Caenoterga• luriscus (1), part of Eusetisura (3) {Isonychialfgl (12)} liae (5), Ephemerellalfg I (II) [1.2.13] Trochanter - see fore leg [1.2.27] - with lateral projections: Cincticostellalgl (2) - with sharp lateral projections: Cincticostellalg I (not Femora oflarva aJl) (2) {Ephacerella (P)} [ 1.2.14-16] - with flat lateral projections: part of Cincticostellalgl (about femora of certain pairs - see also [1.2.28-29], [1.2.40], (2) {Cincticostellalg3 (1)} [1.2.46]) - with dorsal tubercles: Neoephemeralfg2 (I) [1.2.14] Femur [1.2.6] Fore wing buds - inserted into concavity: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (2) - spread: Ametropus (1), Pseudiron (1) - flattened: Heptagennota (I) - with divergent costal margins: Ametropus (I) - narrow, arched: Brachycercus/fl=g3 (5) - divergent: Discoglossata (3) - with curved apical projection: Turbanoculata (11) 370 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

[1.2.15] Femur setation (see also [1.2.16]) Claw of larva - spiny setae in 2 transverse rows: Coloburiscuslfgl (4) [1.2.20-24] - on outer margin - see [1.2.16] (about claws of certain pairs - see also [1.2.37], [1.2.43], [1.2.49]) [1.2.16] Outer margin offemur (see also [1.2.15]) [1.2.20] Claw - without regular row of setae: Heptagenialf6=g5 (P) - absent: Behningialfg2 (1) - with long hairs and long stout irregular setae: Hep- - elongate: Acanthametropus/fg I (6), Ametropus (I ), tagenialt7=g6 (2), Raptoheptagenia (4) Pseudiron (1), Brachycercuslfl =g3 (5) - without long setae: Kageronia (4) - swollen in male: Palingenialf3=g2 (4) - with regular row of setae: part of Turbanoculata [1.2.21] Denticles on inner side of claw (not subapical (V AR), Ecdyonuruslfgl (4), Cinygma (7), Rhithro• denticles on anterior side - see [1.2.22]) genalfgI (5), Madecocercus (3), Ephemerellalfg2 (not - absent or very small and irregular: Posteritoma (P), all) (P), Pantricorythi (not all) (1) Siphlonuruslfgl (P), Dipteromimus (P), Ameletuslfg2 (P), Metretopus/fg I (I ), Acanthametropuslfg I (P), Tibiae of larva Ametropus (P), part of Tetramerotarsata (11), Siphlu• [1.2.17-18] riscus (2), Vetulata (P), AmeletopsislfgI (P), Rallidens (about tibiae of certain pairs- (P), part of Homoeoneurialfgl (2), Pseudiron (1), see also [1.2.30-35], [1.2.41], [1.2.47]) Heptagenialt7=g6 (3), Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (P) [1.2.17] Tibia {Brachycercuslfl=g3 (5)}, part of EphemerellalfgI - shortened: Acanthametropus/fgI (3), Ametropus (1) (18) {Timpanogalfg3 (I)}, part ofLeptophlebialfgI (6) [1.2.18] Patella-tibial suture (among all Ephemeroptera) - in 1 row: Metreletus (2), part of Tetramerotarsata (11), - absent on fore leg, present on middle and hind leg: Eusetisura (not all) (6), Pentamerotarsata (not all) (4) SiphlonuruslfgI (P), Dipteromimus (P), Ameletus/fgl {Kageronia (5)}, Caenis/f4=g2 (not all) (3), Epheme• (P), Metretopus/fg 1 (P), Acanthametropus/fg 1 (P), rellalfgI (not all) (18), LeptophlebialfgI (not all) (6) Ametropus (P), Siphlaenigma (P), Afroptilumlfl = - in 2 rows: Tetramerotarsata (not all) (II), Nesamele• =Centroptiloides/gI (see Classification of Turbanocu• tus/f2=Metamonius/g2 (4), part of HomoeoneurialfgI lata), Nesameletus/fl=Metamonius/gI (P), Vetulata (2) {Oligoneurisca (I)}, part of Ephemerellalfgl (18) (P), Ameletopsis/fgI (P), Rallidens (P), Coloburiscusl {part of MelanemerellalfgI (V AR)}, part of IfgI (P), IsonychialfgI (P), Arthroplea (P), Hepta• Leptophlebialfgl (6) genialf5=g4 (P), Cinygma (P), Paegniodes (P), Cinyg• [1.2.22] Subapical denticles on anterior (dorsal) side of mula (P), part of Epeorus/fgI (8) {Belovius/g2 (2)}, claw Potamanthus/fgI (P), Ichthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 - present: Pentamerotarsata (not all) (4), part of Ephe- (P), Dolania (P), Palingenialf2=gl (P), Polymitarcysl merellalfgl (5), part of LeptophlebialfgI (6) 1f2=Ephoron/g3 (P), Leucorhoenanthus (P), Potaman• [1.2.23] Proximal projection thellus (P), EphemerellalfgI (not all) (V AR), Lepto• - flexible: Siphluriscus (2) phlebialfgl (not all) (V AR) - present: Chiloporter (2) - present on all legs: Anteropatellata (not all) (see - absent: Ameletopsis/fg2 (P), Mirawara (P), Chaqu- Classification ofTurbanoculata), Rhithrogenalfg3 (2) ihua (P) - absent on all legs: Posteritoma (11), Discoglossata (8), [1.2.24] Subapical setae of claw Pseudiron (2), Epeorus/fgl (not all) (8), part ofEuthy• plocialfgl (V AR), Protobehningia (2), Campsurus/fgl FORELEG OF LARVA (7), Ochernova (1), part of Caenoptera (17), part of Fore leg [1.2.25], coxa [1.2.26], trochanter [1.2.27], femur Ephemerellalfgl (V AR), part of Leptophlebialfgl [1.2.28-29], tibia [1.2.30-35], tarsus [1.2.36], claw [1.2.37] (VAR) - absent on fore and middle legs, present on hind leg: [1.2.25] Fore leg (in contrast to middle and/or hind) Caenoptera (not all) (17), part of LeptophlebialfgI - diminished: Ametropus (3), Behningialfg2 (1), Bra- (VAR) chycercuslfl =g3 (5) - absent on fore and hind legs, present on middle leg: - palp-like: Ametropus (3), Behningialfg2 (l) part of Euthyplocialfg I (V AR), Behningialfg3 (2) - fIltering: Eusetisura (I), Clypeocaenis/gl (l) - grasping: DrunellaigI (1), Vietnam ella (3), Meso- genesialg 1 (I) Tarsus of larva [1.2.19] - burrowing: Exeuthyplocialfgl (3), Fossoriae (not all) (about tarsi of certain pairs - see also [1.2.36], [1.2.42], [1.2.48]) (I) {Ichthybotus (2), EphemeralfgIO (3), Hexage• nialfgl (4), Protobehningia (I), Cryptoprostemata (2) [1.2.19] Tarsus {Palingenialf2=gl (4), (5), (9), Polymitarcys/f2= - segmented: Permoplectoptera (P), Ameletopsis/fgl (6) Ephoron/g3 (2), Campsurus/fgl (6)}, "Mesopalingea", - arched: Pseudiron (I) "Torephemera", "Siphangarus"} [1.2.26] Coxa offore leg (see also [1.2.12]) - with condylus close to median line of body: Crypto• prostemata (I) - elongate: Mesogenesialgl (I) 1. LARVA: 1.2. THORAX 371

- with projection: Ametropus (3) - with tubercles: Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3 (2) - with gill: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Siphluriseus [1.2.35] Apex offore tibia (I), part of Eusetisura (3) {Isonychia/fgl (12)} - with appendage: Isonychia/fg 1 (5) [1.2.27] Trochanter offore leg -with projection: EuthyplocialfgI (3), Drunella/gI (I) - wedged into anterior side of femur: Cryptoproster• - with incision: Fossoriae (not all) (1) {lchthybotus (2), nata (2, 3B) HexagenialfgI (4), Palingenialf2=gI (9), "Torephe- mera" Femur oflarval fore leg - without incision: EphemeralfglO (3) [1.2.28-29] Tarsus of larval fore leg [1.2.28] Femur offore leg (see also [1.2.14-16]) [1.2.36] -widened (as middle leg): Acanthametropus/fgI (2) -with concave anterior side (as middle): Fossoriae (1) [1.2.36] Tarsus offore leg (see also [1.2.19]) - with inner-proximal convexity bearing long setae: - articulated to anterior side of tibia: Ametropus (3) Cryptoprostemata (2, 3B) - on inner side with 2 rows of setae: Isonychialfg 1 (5) - with protuberances on proximal convexity: Polymi• - with oblique row oflong setae: Clypeocaenis/g3 (2) tarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3 (2) - with apical projection: Euthyplocialfg2 (2), Polyplo- - widened, with denticulate inner margin: Drunella/g 1 eia (4) (not all) (1), Vietnamella (3) - vestigial: Homoeoneurialgl (I) - widened, with setose inner margin: MesogenesiaigI (1) - fused with tibia: Protobehningia (1), CampsuruslfgI (6) [1.2.29] Setation offore femur (see also [1.2.15-16]) - on inner side 2 rows of long setae: Eusetisura (1 ) Claw of larval fore leg - on proximal convexity long setae: Cryptoprostemata (3) [1.2.37] - on proximal convexity regular U-shape row of long [1.2.37] Claw offore leg (see also [1.2.20-24]) setae: part of Cryptoprostemata (3B) {Polymitarcys/ - bifurcate: Metretopus/fgI (1) /fl=Ephoron/g2 (lB)} - with setae: Ametropus (3) - on dorsal side transverse row of setae: [Classi• - with denticles: Metretopus/fgI (1), Asthenopus/fgI (2) fications ofFurcatergaliae I] (2), Potamanthus/fgI (not - vestigial: HomoeoneuriaigI (not all) (I) {Oligoneu- all) (3) {Rhoenanthus/gI (not all) (VAR)}, Caeno• risea (P)}, Eatonigenia (1) tergaliae (not all) (6), Ephemerella/fgI (not all) (12) - absent: part of HomoeoneuriaigI (1) {Homoeoneurial - on dorsal side transverse row continued distally on /g2 (l)} outer margin: Pantricorythi (not all) (1)

MIDDLE LEG OF LARVA Tibia oflarval fore leg [1.2.38-43] [1.2.3(H5] [1.2.38] Middle leg (see also [1.2.11-24]) [1.2.30] Tibia offore leg (see also [1.2.17-18]) - directed forward (as fore leg): Fossoriae (I), Meso- - without patella-tibial suture - see [1.2.18] genesia/gI (2) [1.2.31] Outer margin offore tibia - specialized for moving in sand: Behningia/fg2 (I) - with spine-like setae: Palingenialf2=gl (not all) (5) [1.2.39] Coxa of middle leg (see also [1.2.12]) {Pentagenia (P), Chankagenesia (P), Anagenesialg2 - elongate (as hind leg): Homoeoneuria/gl (2) (P), Plethogenesia (P), Cheirogenesia (P)} - with gill (as fore leg): Siphluriseus (1) - with denticles: part of Palingenialf2=gI (5) {Palinge- [1.2.40] Femur of middle leg (see also [1.2.14-16]) nia/f4=g3 (2), Mortogenesia (2)} - widened (as fore leg): Acanthametropus/fgI (2) [1.2.32] Inner margin of fore tibia - widened (as hind leg): Rhionella (1) - proximally convex: Eusetisura (1 ) - with filtering setae (as fore leg): Coloburiscuslfgl (3) - with long setae: Eusetisura (1), Cryptoprostemata - with concave anterior side (as fore leg): Exeuthyplo- (3D), Clypeocaenis/gI (1) cialfgI (3), Fossoriae (1) - with 2 longitudinal rows of long setae: Eusetisura - shortened: Behningialfg2 (I) (1), part of Cryptoprostemata (3D) {Polymitarcyslfl = [1.2.41] Tibia of middle leg (see also [1.2.17-18]) =Ephoron/g2 (lD)} - shortened (as hind leg): Oligoneurisea (1) - with 2 transverse rows of long setae: Clypeocae- - wide, with inner-apical projection: Behningia/fg2 (1) nis/g3 (2) - without patella-tibial suture (in contrast to hind [1.2.33] Anterior (dorsal) side offore tibia leg): Caenoptera (not all) (17), part of Leptophlebial - with long setae: Clypeocaenis/g2 (2) /fgI (VAR) - with long setae in oblique row: Cryptoprostemata (3C) - with patella-tibial suture (in contrast to other legs): - with long setae in oblique row continuing as 2 lon- part of EuthyplocialfgI (V AR), Behningia/fg3 (2) gitudinal rows: Polymitarcys/fl=Ephoron/g2 (IC) - with patella-tibial suture (as hind leg) - see [1.2.18] - with long setae in 2 oblique rows: Palingenia/f2=gI (4) [1.2.42] Tarsus of middle leg (see also [1.2.19]) [1.2.34] Posterior (ventral) side offore tibia - with reversed setation (as hind leg): Oligoneurisca (1) 372 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

- wide. arched: Behningialfg2 (I) [1.2.52] Common for middle and hind leg [1.2.43] Claw of middle leg (see also [1.2.20-24]) - specialized for moving in sand: Behningialfg2 (I) - straight (as hind leg): Homoeoneurialgl (2) - coxa elongate: Homoeoneurialgl (2) - with 2 rows of denticles (as hind leg): O/igoneurisca (I) - femur widened: Rhionella (I) - without denticles (as hind leg): Homoeoneurialg2 (1) - with patella-tibial suture - see [1.2.18] - tibia shortened, tarsus with reversed setation, claw HIND LEG OF LARVA with 2 rows of denticles: Oligoneurisca (1) [1.2.44-49] - claw straight: Homoeoneurialgl (2) - claw without denticles: Homoeoneurialg2 (1) [1.2.44] Hind leg (see also 1.2.11-24]) [1.2.53] Common for fore and hind leg - specialized for moving in sand: Behningialfg2 (I) - without patella-tibial suture: part of Euthyplocialfgl [1.2.45] Coxa of hind leg (see also [1.2.12]) (V AR), Behningialfg3 (2) - enlarged: Behningialfg2 (I) - elongate (as middle leg): Homoeoneurialgl (2) [1.2.46] Femur of hind leg (see also [1.2.14-16]) 1.3. LARVAL ABDOMEN -lamelliform: Homoeoneurialgl (2), Behningialfg3 (2) AND ITS APPENDAGES - widened (as middle leg): Rhionella (I) Lateral margins [1.3.1-2], terga [1.3.3--5], sterna [1.3.6-8], - on inner side with spiny setae: Fimbriatotergaliae selected abdominal segments [1.3.9-18], tergalii [1.3.19-59], (not all) (9) genital buds [1.3.60], segment X [1.3.61-62], caudalii [1.3.63--67] - on inner side without spiny setae: part of Fimbriato• tergaliae (9) {Palingenialt2=gl (11), Behningialfgl [1.3] Abdomen (14), Caenotergaliae (11)} - large, able for undulate swimming movements: Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dipteromimus (P), Ameletus/fgl [1.2.47] Tibia of hind leg (see also [1.2.17-18]) (P), Metretopus/fgl (P), Acantharnetropus/fgl (P), - shortened (as middle leg): Oligoneurisca (I) Siphlaenigma (P), Turbanoculata (not all) (V AR), - on inner side with spiny setae: Fimbriatotergaliae Nesameletus/fl=Metarnonius/gI (P), Vetulata (P), (not all) (9) Rallidens (P), Eusetisura (P), Pseudiron (P), Potam• - on inner side without spiny setae: part of Fimbriato• anthus/fgl (P), Euthyplocialfgl (P), Fossoriae (P) tergaliae (9) {Palingenialt2=gl (11), Behningialfgl (14), Caenotergaliae (II)} - on inner-distal margin with projection: Ephemeral Lateral margins of abdominal segments of larva [1.3.1-2] Ifg9 (3), Palingenialf2=gl (10) - strongly diminished: Behningialfg2 (I) [1.3.1] Lateral margins of abdominal segments - with patella-tibial suture (in contrast to other legs): - expanded: Vetulata (4), Caenotergaliae (not all) (I), Caenoptera (not all) (17), part of Leptophlebialfgl Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (7) (VAR) - expanded and bent dorsally: Brachycercuslfl =g3 (4) - without patella-tibial suture (in contrast to middle): - rounded: Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (10) part ofEuthyplocialfgl (V AR), Behningialfg3 (2) - with supra-tergalial projections: part of Epeorus/fg4 (4) - with patella-tibial suture ( as middle) - see [1.2.18] - under tergal expansions: Behningialfg2 (1) [1.2.48] Tarsus of hind leg (see also [1.2.19]) - III-VII with processes: Palingenialf2=gl (6) - with reversed setation (as middle): Oligoneurisca (I) - V with pair oflateral incisions: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (2) - elongate: Behningialfg2 (I) [1.3.2] Posterolateral spines of abdominal segments - bent in joining with tibia: Behningialfg3 (2) - absent: part of Radulapalpata (2), Fimbriatotergaliae [1.2.49] Claw of hind leg (see also [1.2.20-24]) (not all) (l0) -longer than fore and middle: Acanthametropus/fgl (2) - up to segment VIII, absent on segment IX: Chilo• - straight (as middle leg): Homoeoneurialgl (2) porter (3), Radulapalpata (not all) (2) - with 2 rows of denticles (as middle): Oligoneurisca (I) - up to segment IX: Arthroplea (P), part of Fimbriato• - without denticles ( as middle): Homoeoneurialg2 (I) tergaliae (10) - very long: Ecdyonuroides (I) CO~ONFEATURESOFLARVALLEGS [1.2.50--53] Abdominal terga of larva [1.3.3-5] [1.2.50] Common for all legs - see [1.2.11-24] [1.2.51] Common for fore and middle leg [1.3.3] Abdominal terga - with gill: Siphluriscus (1) - with unpaired medial projections: Acanthametropusl - femur widened: Acanthametropus/fgl (2) Ifg2 (3), Vetulata (3), part of Turbanoculata (V AR), - femur concave anteriorly: Exeuthyplocialfgl (3), part of Lachlania (V AR), Notacanthurus (1), part of Fossoriae (1) Epeorus/fgl (V AR), Neoephemeralfgl (2), part of - tibia with 2 rows oflong setae: Coloburiscus/fgl (3) Ephemerellalfgl (19) {Amurella (1), part of (VAR), - without patella-tibial suture: Caenoptera (not all) part of Teloganodes (7), part of Tricoryptera (4)}, part (17), part of Leptophlebialfgl (V AR) ofLeptophlebialfgl (V AR) 1. LARVA: 1.3. ABDOMEN 373

- with paired submedian projections: part of Turban• [1.3.11] Segment III (see also [1.3.1-8]) oculata (VAR), part of Epeoruslfgl (V AR), Epheme• - fused with I-VI: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (2) rellalfgl (not all) (19) {Timpanogalfgl (not all) (P), - with lateral processes (as IV-VII): Palingenialf2=gl (6) Ephemerellalfg4 (not all) (P), Torleyalfgl (not all) (P), - ventrally setose (as II): Homoeoneurlalgl (3) Hyrtanellalfl=CrinitellalgI (not all) (V AR), Vietna• [1.3.12] Segment IV (see also [1.3.1-8]) mella (P), Austremerella (P), part of Melanemerellal - fused with I-VI: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (2) fgl (VARn - with lateral processes (as III-VII): Palingenialf2=gl (6) - without median projections: part of Ephemerellalfgl [1.3.13] Segment V (see also [1.3.1-8]) (19) {part ofTimpanogalfgl (P), part of Ephemerellal -fused with I-VI: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (2) Ifg4 (P), part of Torleyalgl (P), part of Hyrtanellal - with pair oflateral incisions: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (2) Ifl=Crinitellalg1 (V AR), Uracanthella (2), part of - with lateral processes (as III-VII): Palingenialf2=gl (6) Melanemerellalfgl (V AR), Teloganodes (not all) (7), Tricoryptera (not all) (4)} [1.3.14] Segment VI (see also [1.3.1-8]) -with pair oflongitudinal ridges: Behningialfgl (I) - fused with I-V: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (2) - with lateral expansions: Behningialfg2 (I) - with lateral processes (as III-VII): Palingenialf2=gl (6) - I with elevated hind margin: Vetulata (I) - enlarged and elevated medially: Posteritoma (5) - II with unpaired projection: Caenotergaliae (not all) (l) [1.3.15] Segment VII (see also [1.3.1-8]) - VI enlarged and elevated medially: Posteritorna (5) - with lateral processes (as III-VI): Palingenialf2=gl (6) - VII enlarged and elevated medially: Machadorythus (I) - enlarged, elevated medially: Machadorythus (I) [1.3.4] Setation of abdominal terga r1.3.16] Segment VIII (see also [1.3.1-8]) - no stout setae: Dipteromimus (6), Metretopuslfg2 (I), -with pair of crests: Hyrtanellalfl=Crinitellalgl (2) Metreplecton (I) [1.3.17] Segment IX (see also [1.3.1-8]) - spine-like setae: Siphlonuruslfgl (6), Siphloplecton (1) - without posterolateral spines: Chiloporter (3), Radu- - stout scales in narrow nests: Acanthametropuslfgl (7) lapalpata (2) - scales in wide nests: Turbanoculata (not all) (12) - with posterolateral spines: Arthroplea (P) [1.3.5] Posterior margins of abdominal terga - elongate: Eurylophellalfg2 (I) -without denticles: Parameletuslfgl (3), Dipteromimus - bears gonostyli buds - see [1.3.60] (6), Acanthametropuslfgl (7) [1.3.18] Segment X - see [1.3.61-62] - denticles fused to integral plate: Coloburiscuslfgl (5) TERGALII Abdominal sterna of larva Position oftergalii [1.3.19-22], shape oftergalii [1.3.23-25], [1.3.6-8] margins oftergalii [1.3.26], ribs oftergalii [1.3.27-29], function oftergalii [1.3.30-32], terga1ii of selected pairs [1.3.33-59] [1.3.6] Abdominal sterna (shape) - with median projections: Acanthametropuslfg2 (3) Position oftergalii -widened: Brachycercuslfl=g3 (4) [1.3.19-22] - I with finger-like process: Homoeoneurialg2 (2) [1.3.19] Tergalii present on abdominal segments - I with pair of projected plates: Rhithrogenalfg3 (3) (among all Ephemeroptera) - II-III with setose convexity: Homoeoneurialgl (3) - I-IX: Euephemeroptera (not all) (6) [1.3.7] Setation of abdominal sterna - I-VII: Euplectoptera (not all) (2) {Siphlonuruslfgl (7), - no stout setae: Dipteromimus (6), Metretopuslfg2 (I), Dipteromimus (5), Ameletuslfgl (VAR), Metretopus! Metreplecton (I) Ifgl (3), Acanthametropuslfgl (5), Ametropus (5), - spine-like setae: Siphlonurus/fgl (6), Siphloplecton (1) Siph/aenigma (P), Turbanoculata (not all) (VAR), - stout scales: Acanthametropuslfgl (7) Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslgl (9), Oniscigaster/fg2 [1.3.8] Posterior margins ofabdominal sterna (P), Ameletopsislfgl (4), Rallidens (P), Coloburisco• - denticles fused to integral plate: Coloburiscuslfgl (5) ides (P), Coloburlscuslfg3 (P), Isonychialfgl (P), Discoglossata (P), Heptagennota (not all) (P), Fimbria• Selected abdominal segments of larva totergaliae (not all) (6) {Potamanthuslfgl (P), Euthy• [1.3.9-18] plocialfgl (P), Fossoriae (3)}, Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (7) {Vietnamella (P)}, Leptophlebialfgl (not all) [1.3.9] Segment I (see also [1.3.1-8]) (7)} - dorsally with elevated hind margin: Vetulata ( I ) - I-VI: Posteritoma (4), part of Turbanoculata (V AR), - ventrally not expressed: Posteritorna (3) part of Macdunnoa (I), Caenotergaliae (1), Melane• - ventrally with unpaired process: Homoeoneurlalg2 (2) merellalfgl (not all) (I), Teloganodes (not all) (1), (8), - ventrally with projected plates: Rhithrogenalfg3 (3) part of Leptophlebialfgl (7) [1.3.10] Segment II (see also [1.3.1-8]) - I-V: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), part of Melaneme• - fused with I-VI: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (2) rellalfgl (1) - dorsally with projection: Caenotergaliae (not all) (I) - I-IV: Tasmanophlebialgl (2), part of Melanemerellal - dorsally without projection: Brachycercuslfl=g3 (4) Ifgl (I) - ventrally setose (as III): Homoeoneurialgl (3) - I and IV-VII: Timpanogalfg 1 (I) 374 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

- II-VII: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Austremerella - enlarged, spread laterally: "Epeoromimus" (I) (I}-(3), part ofLeptophlebialfgI (7) - bidentate: Coloburiscuslfgl (not all) (6) - II-VI: part of MelanemerellalfgI (I), Teloganodes - bifurcate: Furcatergaliae (not all) (4) (not all) (I), (8), Tricoryptera (not all) (5), (6) - bilamellate - see [1.2.24] {Ephemerythus (not all) (I)}, "Teloganella" [1.3.24] Tergalius with additional lamella formed as - II-V: part of Ephemerythus (I), part of Teloganodes - costal lobe bent ventrally: part ofMetretopuslfgI (3) (I), (8), Coryphorus (4) - anal lobe bent ventrally (see [1.3.25]): I-II in Siphlo- - II-IV: part of Teloganodes (I), (8) nurusffg2 (1), Acanthametropuslfgl (5), part of - III-VII: Ephemerellalfg3 (1) Turbanoculata (V AR) [1.3.20] Absent tergalii of anterior pairs (among all - anal lobe bent dorsally: III-VII in Siphlurella (I ), Ephemeroptera) II-IV in Tasmanophiebia/gi (2), part of Turbanoculata - I: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Ephemerellalfg3 (1), (V AR), Hyrtanellalfl=Crinitellaigi (I) Austremerella (l), part of MelanemerellalfgI (1), - outgrowth of ventral surface (see [1.3.25]): part of Teloganodes (8), Tricoryptera (5), Coryphorus (4), AmeletopsislfgI (4) {Mirawara (2), Chiloporter (4), "Telogane/la", part of LeptophlebialfgI (7) Promirara (2)}, Rallidens (5), Bidentiseta (not all) (2) - I-II: Ephemerellalfg3 (I) {Branchitergaliae (not all) (3) {Coloburiscoides (P), - I-VII: Murphyella (I) IsonychiaJfgI (P)}, Furcatergaliae (not all) (5) {Fim• - II: Ephemerellalfg2 (I) briatotergaliae (6) {NeoephemeralfgI (P»)}, Epheme• - II-III: Timpanogalfg 1 (1) rellaJfgI (7)}} [1.3.21] Absenttergalii of posterior pairs (among all [1.3.25] Ventral lobe (see [1.2.24]) Ephemeroptera) - with marginal processes or fibrillose: part of Amele• - VII: Posteritorna (4), part of Turbanoculata (VAR), topsisffgI (4) {Mirawara (2), Chiloporter (4), Prom i• part of Macdunnoa (I), Caenotergaliae (I), Melane• rara (2)}, Rallidens (5), Branchitergaliae (not all) (3) merellalfgI (not all) (I), Teloganodes (not all) (1), {Coloburiscoides (P), IsonychialfgI (P)}, II-VI in Tricoryptera (not all) (6), "Teloganella", part of Lepto• NeoephemeralfgI (P) phiebialfgI (7) - bifurcate with processes: EphemerellalfgI (not all) (7) - VI-VII: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), part of Melane• {Leptohyphesffg2 (P)} merellalfgI (I), part of Teloganodes (1), part of Ephe• - bifurcate without processes: part ofEphemerellaJfgI (7) merythus (1), Coryphorus (4) {Allenhyphes (3), Tricorythodes (7)} - V-VII: Tasmanophiebiaigi (2), part of Melanemerellal -II-III bifurcate: part of EphemerellalfgI (7) {part of ffgI (I), part of Teloganodes (I) MelanemerellaJfgl (I), part of Teloganodes (I)} - I-VII: Murphye/la (I) - II-IV bifurcate: part of EphemerellaJfgI (7) {part of [1.3.22] Places oftergalii attachment transferred Teloganodes (1), Tricorythopsis (8)} - ventrally: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Raptohep• - II-V bifurcate: part of EphemerellalfgI (7) {Austre• tagenia (2), Behningialfg2 (I), part of Leptophlebial merella (2), Teloganodes (not all) (1), Tricorythodes ffgI (VAR) (not all) (7), "Teloganella"} - I ventrally: Geminovenata (I) - II-VI bifurcate: EphemerellaJfgI (not all) (7) - I anteriorly: PotamanthusffgI (4), Caenotergaliae (7), - III-V bifurcate: part of EphemerellalfgI (7) {part of EphemerellalfgI (not all) (13) Tricorythodes (7)} -II-IV anteriorly: Tasmanophiebiaigi (2) - III-VI bifurcate: part of EphemerellalfgI (7) {TorleyaJ - VI anteriorly: Posteritorna (5), Caenotergaliae (I) fgI (P)} - VII anteriorly: Ephemeralfg9 (I), Austremerella (3) - III-V bifurcate: part of Ephemerellalfgl (7) {Epheme• rellaJfg4 (I)} Shape oftergalii - IV-VI bifurcate: part of EphemerellalfgI (7) [1.3.23-25) {TimpanogaJfgI (I)} - folded as 2 halves: AcanthametropusffgI (5) [1.3.23] Tergalius of each pair (about specialization of - lost on all tergalii: Ameletopsisffg2 (I), Chaquihua (I), selected pairs - see [1.3.33-59]) Coloburiscusffg3 (P), Arthroplea (3), Cinygmula (not - with second lamella or bent lobe - see [1.3 .24] all) (2), Caenoptera (4) - with fibrillose ventral lobe - see [1.3 .25] - diminished or lost on tergalius VII- see [1.3.38] and - round: Ametropus (5) [1.3.59] - cup-shaped: Discoglossata (not all) (10) - with mid-ventral process: Pseudiron (I) Margin oftergalius - with dorsal process: Hyrtanellalfl =CrinitellaJgl (I) [1.3.26) - with anterior-proximal lobe: Arthroplea (3) - secondarily unilamellate: part of Fimbriatotergaliae (6) [1.3.26] Margin oftergalius (about ventral lobe - see {Caenoptera (4)}, part of Ephemerellalfg I (7) {Dicer• [1.3.25]) comyzon (4)}, part of Leptophlebialfgl (7) - with branched processes: Acanthametropusffg2 (4), - unilamellate with processes: Dicercomyzon (4), part Caenotergaliae (I) of LeptophlebiaJfg I (7) - with non-branched processes: Fimbriatotergaliae (not - pointed apically: Kageronia (7), Stenacron (2) all) (6), Dicercomyzon (4), part of LeptophlebialfgI (7) 1. LARVA: 1.3. ABDOMEN 375

- with semicircular festoons: part ofRhithrogenalfg3 (3) - with denticles: IsonychialfgI (8) - with denticles: Ameletus/fgI (V AR), Metretopus/fg2 - with spine-like setae: ColoburiscuslfgI (not all) (6) (2), Metreplecton (2), Nesameletuslfl=Metamonius/gI [1.3.29] Additional rib (9), Rallidens (5), IsonychialfgI (8) - behind costal margin: Promirara (1) - with peculiar setation: Ametropus (5), Coloburiscusl - on anal margin: part of Nesameletus/fl =Metamoniusl IfgI (not all) (6), HomoeoneurialfgI (6), Fittkauneuria IgI (9) {Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2 (5)}, Ralli• (3), Epeorus/fg2 (2) {Epeorus/fg3 (2)}, Siphgondwa• dens (5), IsonychialfgI (8) nus (1) - on costal branch of ventral lobe: Leptohyphes/fgl (1)

Ribs oftergalii Function oftergalii [1.3.27-29] [1.3.30-32] [1.3.27] Costal rib of tergalius [1.3.30] Ability oftergalii for respiratory movements - absent: I-II in part of AmeletuslfgI (V AR), I-III in - present: Siphlonurus/fgI (P), Metretopus/fgI (P), part Metretopus/fgI (3), part of Turbanoculata (V AR), of Turbanoculata (V AR), Heptagenialf5=g4 (P), part Arthroplea (3), part of Heptagenialf8=g7 (V AR), ofLeptophlebialfgl (7) StenonemalfgI (2), part of Furcatergaliae (5) {part of -lost: Ameletus/fgI (4), part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Fimbriatotergaliae (6) {Caenotergaliae (I)}, Epheme• Eusetisura (7) {IsonychialfgI (8)}, Cinygma (8), rellalfg2 (2), part of PantricOIythi (P) {III-VI in RhithrogenalfgJ (6), part ofLeptophlebialfgJ (7) Leptohyphes/fg I (1)}, Leptophlebialfg 1 (7)} -lost by gill opercula - see [1.3.32] - at distance from costal margin: part of Turbanoculata [1.3.31] Specialization oftergalii (V AR), I in part of Nesameletus/fl =Metamonius/gI - form sucking disc: Rhithrogenalfg3 (3), lron/gI (1), (9), Rhithrogenalfg3 (3), I in Epeorus/fg2 (1), Furca• part of LeptophlebialfgI (7) tergaliae (not all) (5) {Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (6), - form gill opercula - see [1.3.32] Pantricorythi (not all) (P)} [1.3.32] Tergalii forming gill opercula (among all Ephe• - sharply curved: Epeiron (1) meroptera) - strongly thickened: Coloburiscus/fgI (not all) (6), - I (see [1.3.33]): Vetulata (1) {TasmanophlebialgJ (2)}, Hexagenites/fgI (3) part of LeptophlebialfgI (7) - with projection: Caucasiron (1) - II (see [1.3.39]): Posteritorna (4), Caenotergaliae (1), - with denticles: Ameletus/fgI (V AR), Metretopus/fg2 Melanemerellalfg 1 (1), Teloganodes (1), Ephemery• (2), Metreplecton (2), Nesameletus/fl=Metamonius/gI thus (1), Machadorythus (5), Leptohyphes/fgI (1), (9), Rallidens (5), IsonychialfgI (8) Coryphorus (4), "Teloganella" - without denticles: Siphloplecton (2) - III (see [1.3.45]): part of Ephemerellalfg3 (P) {part of - with spine-like setae: Coloburiscus/fgI (not all) (6) Torleyalg 1 (V AR), part of Hyrtanellalfl =Crinitellalg 1 - with field of curved spine-like setae: Epeorus/fg2 (2) (1) } - with hairs in apical part: Epeorus/fg3 (2) - IV (see [1.3.50]): Timpanogalfg2 (1) {Eurylophellal - secondary: part of LeptophlebialfgI (7) IfgI (I)} [1.3.28] Anal rib oftergalius - absent: Metretopus/fgI (3), Acanthametropus/fgI (5), Tergalii of certain pairs Vetulata (2), part of Turbanoculata (VAR), part of [1.3.33-59] Ameletopsis/fgI (4) {Ameletopsis/fg2 (1), Chiloporter (4)}, Arthroplea (3), part of Heptagenialf8=g7 (V AR), [1.3.33] Tergalius I (in contrast to others) part of Furcatergaliae (5) {part of Fimbriatotergaliae - absent: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), part of Epheme• (6) {Caenotergaliae (1)}, Ephemerellalfg2 (2), part of rellalfgI (13) {Ephemerellalfg3 (1), Tricoryptera (5), Pantricorythi (P), LeptophlebialfgI (7)} Austremerella (1), part of MelanemerellalfgI (1), - at distance from anal margin: Siphlonurus/fgI (7) Teloganodes (8), Coryphorus (4), "Teloganella"}, part {Siphlonurus/fg2 (I)}, Dipteromimus (5), Ameletusl ofLeptophlebialfgI (7) IfgI (not all) (V AR), Nesameletuslfl =Metamonius/gI - attached ventrally: Geminovenata (1) (9), part of Ameletopsis/fgI (4) {Mirawara (2)}, Ralli• - consists of fibrillose lobe only: Homoeoneurialg2 (3), dens (5), IsonychialfgI (8), StenonemalfgI (2), Belo• Fittkauneuria (2) vius/gI (1), Furcatergaliae (not all) (5) {Fimbriato• - specialized as gill operculum: Vetulata (1) tergaliae (not all) (6), Pantricorythi (not all) (P)}, {TasmanophlebiaigI (2)}, part of LeptophlebialfgI (7) Hexageniteslfg 1 (3), "Siberiogenites" (J) - specialized similar to gill operculum: Vetulata ( 1) - on anal margin: Ameletus/fgl (not all) (V AR), Amet• {Oniscigaster/fg2 (I)} ropus (5), Tetramerotarsata (not all) (12) {Turbano• - stick-like: [Classifications of Furcatergaliae I] (1), part culata (not all) (VAR)}, part of Ameletopsis/fgI (4) of Fimbriatotergaliae (6) {PotamanthuslfgI (4), {Chaquihua (l)}, Heptagennota (not all) (9) {Kagero• Caenotergaliae (7)}, EphemerellalfgI (not all) (13) nia (P), Heptagenialf8=g7 (not all) (V AR), lron/gI {TimpanogalfgI (not all) (P), Vietnamella (P), Mela• (P)} nemerellalfgI (not all) (I)} - strongly thickened: Coloburiscus/fgI (not all) (6) - unilamellate: part of Fimbriatotergaliae (6) {Behnin• - arched: Belovius/g2 (1) gialfgI (I5)} 376 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

-vestigial unilamellate: part of Fimbriatotergaliae (6) - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3.25) {Litobrancha (1), Anagenesialgi (3), Polymitarcysl [1.3.42) Tergalii II-V (in contrast to other pairs) 1f2=Ephoron/g3 (3), Tortopus (3)} - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3.25] - vestigial bUamellate: Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (6) [1.3.43) Tergalii II-VI (in contrast to others) {EuthyplocialfgI (9), Ichthybotus (3), Ephemeralfg9 - with incised anal lobe: Oniscigaster/fg2 (I) (not all) (4) {EphemeralfgIO (P), Hexagenialfg2 (P) - with roundish anal projection: Sibirigena (I) Eatonicalg2 (P), Eatonigenia (P)}, Cryptoprostemata - with vestigial ventrallamc1la: Neoephemeralfgl (P) (not all) (6) {Pentagenia (P), Palingenialf4=g3 (P), - consist of integral dorsal lobe and bifurcate pecti- Campsuruslfg3 (P), Asthenopus (P)} } nate ventral lobe: EphemerellalfgI (not all) (7) -longest, with straight costal margin and dissected anal margin: Posteritoma (4) [1.3.44] Tergalii II-VII (in contrast to I) - banana-like, curved posteriorly: EcdyonuruslfgI (3) - can be bent dorsally: Fossoriae (3) - with lobe anteriad of costal rib: part of Nesameletusl - narrow without fibrillose lobe: Homoeoneurialg2 (3) Ifl=Metamoniusigi (9), Rhithrogenalfg3 (3), Epeorusl - rounm:h-triangular: Ecdyonuruslfgl (3) Ifg2 (1) - bifurcate, long. pinnate: FimbriatotergaIiae (not all) (6) - with lobe anteriad of costal rib strongly widened: - consist of integral dorsal lobe and pectinate ventral Rhithrogenalfg3 (3), lron/gi (1) {Ironopsisigi (3)} lobe: Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (7) - with projection on costal margin: Caucasiron (I) [1.3.34] Tergalii I and II (in contrast to others) - with mid-ventral process: Pseudiron (I) - absent: Ephemerellalfg3 (1) - with hook-like setae on costal rib: Epeoruslfg2 (2) -without ribs: part of AmeletuslfgI (V AR) - with hairs in apical part of costal rib: Epeoruslfg3 (2) - without denticles on costal rib: Rallidens (5) -with setae on anal margin: Homoeoneurialgi (6), - with anal lobe bent ventrally: Siphlonurusl fg2 (1) Fittkauneuria (3) - bipointed: Siphlonuruslfg3 (l) [1.3.45] Tergalius III (in contrast to others) [1.3.35] Tergalii I-III (in contrast to others) - specialized as gill operculum: part of Ephemerellal - without costal rib: MetretopuslfgI (3) Ifg3 (P) {part ofTorJeyalgl (V AR), part ofHyrtanellal [1.3.36] Tergalii I-IV Ifl=CriniteIlalgi (I)} [1.3.37] Tergalii I-V - with marginal processes branched: Madecocercus (2) [1.3.38] Tergalii I-VI (in contrast to VII) - with dorsal lobe bifurcate: part of Teloganodes (I) - with fibrillose lobe: part of Coloburiscoides (P), [1.3.46] Tergalii III-IV (in contrast to others) Kageronia (6), part of Heptagenialf8=g7 (V AR), - with dorsal lobe bifurcate: part of Teloganodes (I) StenonemalfgI (3), Ecdyonuruslfgl (not all) (6), - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3.25] lronodes (2) - with rounded apex: part of Stenonemalg2 (I) {Steno• [1.3.47] Tergalii III-V (in contrast to others) - with dorsal lobe bifurcate: Teloganodes (not all) (I) nemalg3 (I)}, Macdunnoa (2) - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3.25] -with truncate apex: part of Stenonemalg2 (1) {Mac- - with dissected margins: Posteritoma (4) caffertium (l)} - with anal rib only: Leptohypheslfgl (l) [1.3.39] Tergalius II (in contrast to others) - absent: Ephemerellalfg2 (1) [1.3.48] Tergalii III-VI (in contrast to others) - specialized as gill operculum: Posteritoma (4), Cae- - hidden under gill opercula: Caenotergaliae (I), Mela• nemereUalfgl (I), Teloganodes (I), part of Ephe• notergaliae (1), Melanemerellalfgl (1), Teloganodes merythus (I), Machadorythus (5), Leptohyphes/fgl (I) (1), Ephemerythus (I), Machadorythus (5), Lepto• - truncate, with trifolium: Ephemerellalfg2 (not all) (2) hypheslfgl (I), Coryphorus (4), "Telogane/la" - coupled with its pair: Neoephemeralfgl (I) - with branching processes: Caenotergaliae (I) - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3 .25] -with costal flap: Leptohypheslfgl (not all) (I) {Allen- hyphes (P), Tricorythodes (P)} [1.3.49] Tergalii III-VII (in contrast to others) - with spine-like process: Leptohypheslfg2 (I) - without ventral lamella: Siphlonuruslfg2 (I) - with one process on each branch of ventral lamella: - with dorsal lamella: Siphlurella (I ) Tricorythopsis (8) - with denticles on costal rib: Rallidens (5) - ventrally with microtrichia: Caenoptera (3) [1.3.50) Tergalius IV (in contrast to others) - with microtrichia simple: Brachycercuslfl =g3 (P) - specialized as gill operculum: part of EphemereUaI - with microtrichia plumose: Caenislf3=g I (I) Ifgl (7) {Timpanogalfg2 (I) {EurylopheUalfgl (I)}} - with Y-rib: part of Caenotergaliae (I) {Caenoptera - without ventral lobe: part of EphemereUalfg 1 (7) {part (not aU) (18) {Afrocaenis (P)}} ofMelanemerellalfgl (1), part ofTeloganodeslgl (2)} - without Y -rib: CaenopseUalg2 (I) [1.3.51] Tergalii IV-V (in contrast to others) -with V-rib projected medially: Clypeocaenis/gl (2) [1.3.52] Tergalii IV-VI (in contrast to others) [1.3.40] Tergalii II-III (in contrast to others) - with non-branched processes: Madecocercus (2) - absent: Timpanogalfg 1 (I) - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3.25] - with ventral lobe bifurcate - see [1.3.25] [1.3.53] Tergalii IV-VII (in contrast to others) [1.3.41] Tergalii II-IV (in contrastto others) -with ventral lobe: part of EphemereUalfgl (7) {Tim• - with anal lobe bent dorsally: Tasmanophlebialfg I (2) panogalfgl (I)} 1. LARVA: 1.3. ABDOMEN 377

-with costal rib: Metretopus/fgI (3) ABDOMINAL SEGMENT X OF LARVA - with additional dorsal lamella: part of Hyrtanellalfl = [1.3.61-62] =Crinitellaigi (1) [1.3.61] Abdominal tergite X - hidden under gill opercula: part of Ephemerellalfg3 - with apodemes: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (3) (P) {part of Torleyaigi (VAR), part of Hyrtanellalfl= - with angles reaching cerci ventro-Iaterally: Gemino- =Crinitellalg 1 (I)} venata (8), Fossoriae (5), Caenotergaliae (12) [1.3.54] Tergalius V (in contrast to others) [1.3.62] Paraproct - without ventral lobe: part of Ephemerellalfg 1 (7) - elongate: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (3) {part of Ephemerythus (1), part of Teloganodes (I)} - with spine: Siphlonurus/fg2 (2), Metretopus/fgl (7), [1.3.55] Tergalii V-VI (in contrast to others) Siphluriscus (3), Vetulata (7), Rallidens (8) - without ventral lobe: part of Ephemerellalfg 1 (7) - separated from cercotractor: Geminovenata (8), Fos• {part of Ephemerythus (I)} soriae (5), Caenotergaliae (12) [1.3.56] Tergalii V-VII (in contrast to others) - absent: Tasmanophlebiaigi (2), part Melanemerellal CAUDALII OF LARVA Ifgl (I), part of Teloganodes (I) [1.3.63-67] - hidden under gill opercula: Timpanogalfg2 (1) - with additional dorsal lamella: part of H yrtanellalfl = [1.3.63] Cauda Iii oflarva (see also [1.3.64-65]) =Crinitellalg 1 (I) - retractile: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (3) - thickened in male: [Classifications of Furcatergaliae [1.3.57] Tergalius VI (in contrast to others) IIb] (7), Caenoptera (14), Tricorygnatha (6), Leptohy• - attached anteriorly: Posteritoma (5), Caenotergaliae phes/fgl (8) (I), "Teloganella" - with fused denticles: Coloburiscus/fgI (5) - blade-like: Posteritoma (4) - with whorls of stout setae: Heptagenialf5=g4 (2) - diminished: Macdunnoa (1) - without whorls of stout setae: Raptoheptagenia (5), -with incised posterior-distal margin: Epeiron (I) Cinygma (9), Rhithrogenalfgl (7) - without ventral lobe: part of Ephemerellalfg 1 (7) {Melanemerellalfgl (not all) (I), Teloganodes (not all) [1.3.64] Para cercus of larva (see also [1.3.53]) (1), part of Leptohyphes/fgl (I), "Teloganella"} - absent: part ofOligoneurialf4=g5 (6) - with non-bifurcate ventral lobe: part of Ephemerellal - non-segmented: part of Turbanoculata (VAR), Mur- Ifgl (7) {Ephemerellalfg4 (I), Austremerella (2)} phyella (2), part of Oligoneuriellaigi (V AR), part of Oligoneurialf4=g5 (6) {Lachlania (3)}, part of Penta• [1.3.58] Tergalii VI-VII (in contrastto others) merotarsata (6) {Epeorus/fgI (2), Acanthomola (2), - absent: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), part of part of Anepeorus (3)}, part of Ephemerellalfgl (P) {Telo• Teloganodes (I), part of Melanemerellalfgl (I), Ephe• ganodes (2), Dicercomyzon (5)} merythus (I), Coryphorus (4) - short multisegmented: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), - with additional dorsal lamella: part of Hyrtanellalfl = Coloburiscus/fg2 (2) (not all) {Coloburiscus/fg3 (P)}, =Crinitellalgl (I) Chromarcys (1), part of Oligoneuriellaigi (VAR), [1.3.59] Tergalius VII (in contrast to others) Fittkauneuria (P), part of Leptophlebialfgl (P) - absent: Posteritoma (4), part of Turbanoculata (V AR), -long multisegmented: Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dipteromi• part of Macdunnoa (I), Caenotergaliae (I), part of mus (P), Ameletus/fgl (P), Metretopus/fgI (P), Acan• EphemerellalfgI (7) {Melanemerellalfgl (I), Teloga• thametropus/fgl (P), Ametropus (P), Siphlaenigma nodes (I), Tricoryptera (not all) (6), "Teloganella"}, (P), Turbanoculata (not all) (V AR), Nesameletuslfl = part of Leptophlebialfgl (7) =Metamonius/gl (P), Vetulata (P), Ameletopsis/fgl - attached anteriorly: Ephemeralfg9 (1), Austremerella (3) (P), Rallidens (P), Coloburiscoides (P), IsonychialfgI - enlarged: Promirara (I), Hexagenites/fgI (3) (P), Oligoneuriellaigi (not all) (V AR), Homoeoneurial - vestigial: Macdunnoa (not all) (1) Igi (P), Elassoneurialgl (P), Oligoneurialf5=g6 (3), - without fibrillose ventral lobe: part of Coloburis- Pseudiron (P), Pentamerotarsata (6) (not all) {Paegni• coides (P), Kageronia (6), part of Heptagenialf8=g7 odes (P), Rhithrogenalfg2 (P)}, Fimbriatotergaliae (P), (V AR), StenonemalfgI (3), Ecdyonurus/fgI (not all) EphemerellalfgI (not all) (P), LeptophlebialfgI (not (6), Ironodes (2) all)(P) - with non-bifurcate ventral lobe: Ephemerellalfg 1 -longer than cerci: Caudatella (1) (not all) (7) [1.3.65] Cerci oflarva (see also [1.3.53]) - with longitudinal fold: Rhithrogenalfg3 (3), lron/g 1 (1) - contiguous basally: part of Oligoneurialf4=g5 (6) {Lachlania (3)} GENITAL BUDS OF LARVA [1.3.60] [1.3.66] Primary swimming setae -lost: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Coloburiscus/fg2 [1.3.60] Genital buds of mature male larva (2), part of Pentamerotarsata (6) {part of Kageronia - reduced: Turbanoculata (13) (see [2.3.9]) (V AR), Leucrocuta/gi (1), Atopopus/gi (2), Cinygma - without gonostyli buds: part of Turbanoculata (13), (10), Cinygmula (1), Epeorus/fgl (2)}, part of Furca• Caenis/t3=gI (2) tergaliae (6) {part of Fossoriae (P) {Campsurus/fgI - without penis buds: Liberevenata (6), Caenotergaliae (3) (l2)}} 378 INDEXOF CHARACTERS

- vestigial: part of Turbanoculata (V AR), Pentamerotar• 2.1. HEAD OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO sata (not all) (6) {Arthroplea (P), part of Kageronia Head [2.1], antennae [2.1.1], eyes [2.1.2] (V AR), Heptagenialf7=g6 (P), Ecdyonuruslfg2 (P), [2.1] Head Mghanuruslg2 (P), Paegniodes (P), Rhithrogenalfg3 (P)} - with lateral incisions: Oligoneurialf4=g5 (1) - dense: Euephemeroptera (not all) (5) {Posteritoma (P), - with anterior projection curved backward: part of Siphlonuruslfgl (P), Dipteromimus (P), Ameletuslfgl Oligoneurialf4=g5 (4) {Spaniophlebia (1), Oligoneu• (P), Metretopuslfgl (P), Acanthametropuslfgl (P), rialf5=g6 (I)} Ametropus (P), Siphlaenigma (P), Turbanoculata (not - with face fold projecting anteriorly: part of Hepta• all) (V AR), Nesameletuslfl =Metamonius/gl (P), gennota(l) Vetulata (P), Ameletopsislfgl (P), Rallidens (P), - with pair of projections between antennae: Acanth• Eusetisura (not all) (P) {Coloburiscoides (P)}, ametropus/fg2 (I) Pseudiron (P), Furcatergaliae (not all) (6) {Fossoriae - with unpaired projection on vertex: Nesameletuslfl = (not all) (P)}, Hexagenites/fgl (P), "Stackelbergisca" =Metamoniuslgl (not all) (6) (P), "Proameletus" (P), Mesogenesialgl (P), "Epeoro• mimus" (P), "Mogzonurella" (P), "Siberiogenites" (P), "Australurus" (P), "Dulcimanna" (P), "Albisca" (P), Antennae of subimago and imago [2.1.1] "Siphgondwanus" (P)} [1.3.67] Secondary swimming setae [2.1.1] Antennae - present: Posteritoma (13), Ametropus (6), part of -located on projections: Behningialfgl (I) Turbanoculata (V AR), part of Vetulata (P), Ameletop• sis/fgl (not all) (5) {Ameletopsis/fg2 (2), Chiloporter Eyes of sub imago and imago (5), Chaquihua (2)}, part of Pentamerotarsata (6), [2.1.2-3] Furcatergaliae (not all) (6) {Potamanthus/fgl (P), Euthyplocialfgl (P), Fossoriae (P) {Campsurus/fgl [2.1.2] Eyes (12), "Siphangarus"}, Potamanthellus/gi (4), Epheme• - with vertical bands: Fascioculus (I) rellalfg5 (P)} [2.1.3] Eyes of male - absent: Siphlonurus/fgI (P), Dipteromimus (P), Ame• - as small as in female: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (8), part of letus/fgl (P), Metretopus/fgI (P), Acanthametropusl Turbanoculata (I), part of Potamanthus/fgl (VAR), Ifgl (P), Turbanoculata (not all) (V AR), Nesameletusl Caenoptera (not all) (15), Tricorythus/fg5 (not all) Ifl=Metamonius/gi (P), Vetulata (not all) (P), part of (V AR), Leptohyphes/fgl (not all) (3), part of Lepto• Ameletopsis/fgl (5) {Mirawara (P)}, Rallidens (P), phlebialfgl (V AR) Siphlaenigma (P), Eusetisura (P), Pentamerotarsata -large, but not turban: Baetiscalf2=gl (P), Siphlae• (not all) (6), Pseudiron (P), part of Furcatergaliae (6) nigma (P), Palaeocloeon (P), Potamanthus/fgl (not all) (V AR), Neoephemeralfgl (P), part of Caenoptera (15) {Caenopsellalgl (I)}, Ephemerellalfg2 (P), Viet• namella (P), Teloganodes (P), Tricorythus/fg5 (not all) 2. SUB IMAGO AND IMAGO (V AR), Madecassorythus/fgl (P), Ephemerythus (P), Head and its appendages [2.1], thorax and its appendages [2.2], abdomen and its appendages [2.3] Dicercomyzon (P), Machadorythus (P), Ranorythus (P), part of Leptohyphes/fgl (3), Leptophlebialfgl [2] Adults (not all) (V AR) - short-living: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (4), Geminovenata (2), - turban: Turbanoculata (not all) (I), part of Leptophle• ExeuthyplocialfgI (I)}, BehningialfgI (3), Palingenial bialfgl (V AR) lf3=g2 (I), Polymitarcyslfl=Ephoron/g2 (3) - shortly-moulting, but non-short-living: [Classifica• tions of Furcatergaliae lIb] (8), Caenoptera (7), Trico• 2.2. THORAX OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO ryptera (7) AND ITS APPENDAGES - have imaginal moult in male only: Prosopistomalfl = Prothorax [2.2.1-2], mesothorax [2.2.3-25], metathorax [2.2.26], =g2 (4), Geminovenata (2), BehningialfgI (3), Palin• wings [2.2.27-72], legs [2.2.73-87] genialf3=g2 (I), part of Polymitarcyslfl =Ephoron/g2 (3) {Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3 (6)}, part of Lepto• PROTHORAX OF SUB IMAGO AND IMAGO phlebialfg I (V AR) [2.2.1-2] - have no imaginal moult in both sexes: part of Ana• [2.2.1] Pronotum genesiaigi (2) [2.2.2] Prosternum - non-flying: part of Heptagennota (5), part of Anagene• - with unpaired projection: Acanthametropus/fg 1 (4), sialg I (I) Ametropus (3) - with bispinate projection: Baetiscalf2=g I (1) - with transverse ridge: Heptagenialf6=g5 (4) - narrowed, with furca fork-like: Cryptoprostemata (I) - narrowing anteriorly: Caenis/f4=g2 (I) - wide: Brachycercuslfl =g3 (P), Madecocercus (P), "Afrocercus" (P) 2. SUBIMAGO & IMAGO : 2.2. THORAX 379

MESOTHORAX OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO [2.2.10] Sublateroscutum of mesonotum Mesothorax [2.2.3], prealar bridge [2.2.4], tergite [2.2.5-18], - with sublateroscutal suture: Tetramerotarsata (2) pleurite [2.2.19-21], stemite [2.2.22-25] - with transverse interscutal suture: [Classifications of [2.2.3] Mesothorax Furcatergaliae lIb] (3), Caenoptera (8), Tricorygnatha - strongly enlarged and modified: [Classification of (2), LeptohypheslfgI (4) Furcatergaliae II], Caenoptera (I), Tricorygnatha (2) [2.2.11] Posterior scutal protuberances of mesonotum {LeptohypheslfgI (4) {TricorythodeslfgI (2), (3)} - convergent: Caenoptera (8), Tricorythodes (2) - not convergent: Leptohypheslfg2 (P), Allenhyphes (P) PREALAR BRIDGE [2.2.12] Lateroscutal suture of mesonotum [2.2.4] - straight: Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (3) [2.2.4] Posterior arm of prealar bridge [2.2.13] Scutellum of mesonotum - reduced: Branchitergaliae (2) - elongate: Posteritorna (6) - with lateral impressions enlarged: Caenoptera (8), Teloganodes (5), Tricoryptera (3) TERGITE OF MESOTHORAX OF SUBlMAGO AND IMAGO - with unpaired plumidium: part ofPosteritoma (3) Mesonotum [2.2.5-13], subimaginal mesonotal pigmentation [2.2.14-15], postnotum and phragma [2.2.16--18] - with pair of plumidia: part of Eusetisura (5) {part of Discoglossata (3) }, part of Ephemerellalfg I (5) Mesonotum of subimago and imago - with infrascutellum - see [2.2.17] [2.2.5-13] [2.2.5] Anteronotal protuberance Pigmentation of sub imaginal mesonotum [2.2.6] Anteronotal transverse impression [2.2.14-15] - absent: Caenoptera (1 ) [2.2.14] Lateral pigmented area of subimaginal meso• [2.2.7] Median longitudinal suture notum - with medionotal membrane: part of Fimbriatoterga• - bifurcates backward into lateroparapsidal stripe liae (2) {Caenoptera (I)} (see [2.2.15]) and lateral portion, occupying smal• [2.2.8] Mesonotal suture (among all Ephemeroptera) ler part of sublateroscutum: Siphlonurus/fgI (P), - stretched backward medially or transverse: Baetis• Ametropus (P), Acanthametropuslfgl (P), Vetulata calf2=gI (P), SiphlonuruslfgI (P), Dipteromimus (P), (P), Coloburiscoides (P), Heptagennota (2) Ameletus/fgI (P), MetretopuslfgI (P), Acanthametro• - occupies most part of sublateroscutum: Dipteromi• puslfgI (P), Ametropus (P), Nesameletuslfl=Metamo• mus (3), Metretopuslfgl (4), Nesameletuslf2=Meta• niuslgI (P), Vetulata (P), Ameletopsis/fgI (P), Ra/li• moniuslg2 (6), Ameletopsislfgl (3), Coloburiscuslfg2 dens (P), Branchitergaliae (not all) (P), Epheme• (I), Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (2) {Potamanthuslfgl rellalfgI (not all) (9), Baba (1), "Cretoneta" (P) (P), Ichthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 (P), Pentagenia - curved backward as a whole: part ofBranchitergaliae (P), Neoephemera (P)}, LeptophlebialfgI (not all) (2) (P) {Geminovenata (4) } - medially limited by curved relief line mediad of - curved backward at each side: Prosopistomalfl =g2 lateroparapsidal suture: EphemerellalfgI (not all) (7), Tetramerotarsata (4), Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (10) {Ephemerellalfg2 (P), Vietnamella (P), Melane• (2) {PotamanthuslfgI (P), Ichthybotus (P), Sinephe• merelIalfgI (P)} mera (P), EphemeralfgII (P), HexagenialfgI (P), Pen• - includes whole submedioscutum up to medioparap• tagenia (P), NeoephemeralfgI (P)}, LeptophlebialfgI sidal suture: Ameletuslfgl (2), IsonychialfgI (3) (2) - includes whole submedioscutum and part of media• - close to medioparapsidal suture: AfromeraigI (2) scutum: part of EphemerellalfgI (10) {Teloganodes -lost being integrated with lateroparapsidal suture: (4)} Tetramerotarsata (4), [Classifications of Furcatergaliae - dispersed or non-expressed: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (4), lIc] (ll), part of Fimbriatotergaliae (2) {Palinge• part of Fimbriatotergaliae (2) {Palingenialf3=g2 (I), nialf3=g2 (I), Polymitarcyslfl =Ephoron/g2 (3), Polymitarcyslfl=Ephoronlg2 (3), Caenoptera (7)}, Caenoptera (I)}, part of LeptophlebialfgI (2) part of Ephemerellalfgl (10) {Tricoryptera (7) {Trico• - lost being smoothed: part of Branchitergaliae (P) rygnatha (2), Dicercomyzon (P), Machadorythus (P), {EpeoruslfgI (I)}, part of EphemerelIalfgI (9)} Leptohyphes/fgI (4)}}, part ofLeptophlebialfgl (2) [2.2.9] Lateroparapsidal suture [2.2.15] Lateroparapsidal stripe of pigmented area of - curved laterally: Coloburiscus/fg2 (l), Rhithrogenal mesonotum IfgI (3), EphemerelIalfgI (not all) (10) {Ephemerel• - short: SiphlonuruslfgI (4), Vetulata (7) lalfg2 (P), Vietnamella (P), MelanemerelIalfgI (P), -long, laterally limited by relief line: Heptagennota (2) Ephemerythus (P), Dicercomyzon (P), Machadorythus - posteriorly widened: Heptagennota (not all) (2) {Hep- (P)} tagenialf5=g4 (P), Paegniodes (P)} - connected with medioparapsidal suture: Heptagenial - posteriorly curved laterally: part of Rhithrogenalfgl 1f5=g4 (P), Cinygma (P), part of Ephemere11a1fg I (10) (3) {Rhithrogenalfg2 (6), EpeoruS/fgl (7)} {Teloganodes (4), Tricorygnatha (2), LeptohypheslfgI - with portion behind apex of lateroparapsidal sutu• (4)} re: Rhithrogenalfg3 (4) 380 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

Postnotum and phragma of mesothorax of sub imago and pus (P), Metretopuslfgl (P), Siphlaenigma (P), imago Palaeocloeon (P), Eusetisura (not all) (P), Potam• [2.2.16-18] anthuslfgl (P), Euthyplocialfgl (P), Ichthybotus (P), Ephemera/fg9 (P), Behningialfgl (P), Palingenialt2= [2.2.16] Lateropostnotum of mesothorax =gl (P), Polymitarcyslf2=Ephoron/g3 (P)}, Baba (P), - fused with epimeron: [Classifications of Furcaterga• "Cretoneta" (P)} liae IIc] (9), Euthyplocialfgl (8), Fossoriae (4), - separated at least at posterior part (i.e. with median Caenoptera (8), Tricorythodes (3), Tricorythopsis (5) impression - see [2.2.24]): Turbanoculata (2), part of - strongly enlarged: [Classifications of Furcatergaliae Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslgl (P), Vetulata (6), IIc] (9), Caenoptera (8), Tricorythodes (3), Tricory• Ameletopsislfgl (2), Rallidens (7), Heptagennota (4), thopsis (5) Campsuruslfgl (4), Caenotergaliae (4), Ephemerellal - with crest elongate: Turbanoculata (9) Ifgl (17), Leptophlebialfg1 (3) - with crest on anterior margin: Fimbriatotergaliae (not all) (4), Leptohypheslfg2 (2) [2.2.24] Median impression offurcasternum - present only in posterior part: Pseudiron (P) [2.2.17] Infrascutellum - narrowed anteriorly: part of Nesame1etus/t2=Meta- - interrupted medially: [Classifications of Furcaterga• monius/g2 (P), Ameletopsislfg1 (2), Heptagennota liae Ha] (I), Caenoptera (8), Teloganodes (5), Trico• (not all) (4) {Heptagenialf6=g5 (P)} ryptera (3) - not narrowed anteriorly: Vetulata (6), Ecdyonurusl [2.2.18] Phragma between meso- and metathorax Ifg1 (1) - in male unpaired: Caenoptera (I ) [2.2.25] Subalar-sternal muscle - absent: Caenoptera (l) PLEURON OF MESOTHORAX OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO [2.2.19-21] META THORAX OF SUB IMAGO AND IMAGO [2.2.19] Anterior paracoxal suture of mesothorax [2.2.26] - complete (reaching sternum) (among all Ephemerop• [2.2.26] Metathorax tera): Posteritoma (P), Siphlonuruslfgl (P), Dipteromi• - vestigial: [Classifications of Furcatergaliae IIc] (10), mus (P), Ameletus/fgl (P), Acanthametropus/fgl (P), Caenoptera (9), Tricorythodes (4) Ametropus (P), Metretopus/fgl (P), Tetramerotarsata - in imago with transverse ridge: Caenis/f4=g2 (2) (3), Nesameletuslfl=Metamonius/gl (P), Vetulata (P), - without transverse ridge: Brachycercuslfl =g3 (P), Ameletopsis/fgl (P), Eusetisura (P), "Cretoneta" (P) Madecocercus (P), "Afrocercus" (P) - incomplete (not reaching sternum) (among all Ephe• meroptera): Rallidens (6), Heptagennota (3), Furcater• galiae (3) WINGS Wings [2.2.27], fore wing [2.2.28-58], hind wing [2.2.59-72] - transferred anteriorly: Posteritoma (8), Tetramerotar• sata (3) [2.2.27] Wings - transferred posteriorly: Heptagennota (3), [Classifi• - unable to fold at rest: Panephemeroptera (I ) cations of Furcatergaliae Ha] (4), Caenoptera (8), - unavailable for flight: part of Heptagennota (5), part Tricorygnatha (2), Leptohyphes/fgl (4) of Anagenesialgl (I) - curved backward and reaching furcasternum: Gemi- - in imago with marginal setae as in sUbimago: Pro so• novenata (5) pistomalfi=g2 (6), [Classifications of Furcatergaliae [2.2.20] Epimeron of mesothorax lIb] (6), Exeuthyplocialfgl (2), Behningialfgl (7), - with membranous area: Ameletus/fgl (3) Polymitarcyslfl =Ephoron/g2 (V AR), Caenoptera (12), - in subimago not elongate: Siphlaenigma (P) Tricorygnatha (4), Leptohyphes/fg1 (6), Coryphorus - in sub imago elongate: Turbanoculata (9) (2), part of Leptophlebialfg1 (V AR) - fused with lateropostnotum: Euthyplocialfgl (8), - in imago without marginal setae: Ephemerythus (P), Fossoriae (4), Caenoptera (8), Tricorythodes (3), Dicercomyzon (P), Machadorythus (P) Tricorythopsis (5) [2.2.21] Lateropostnotum - see [2.2.16] FOREWING Fore wing [2.2.28], costal brace [2.2.29], vein Sc [2.2.30], vein RA [2.2.31], vein RS [2.2.32-41], vein MA [2.2.42-44], STERNUM OF MESOTHORAX OF SUB IMAGO AND IMAGO vein MP [2.2.45-49], cubital veins [2.2.50-53], vein AA [2.2.54], [2.2.22-25] additional intercalaries [2.2.55-56], crossveins [2.2.57], [2.2.22] Basisternum of mesothorax coloration [2.2.58] - contains synganglion: Posteritoma (2) [2.2.28] Fore wing - with bifurcate projection: Isonychialfgl (4) - with tornus behind CuP: Posteritoma (l) [2.2.23] Furcasternal protuberances of mesothorax - with tornus between CuA and CuP: Anteritoma (1) (among all Ephemeroptera) - strongly narrowed: Dipteromimus (2) - contiguous (i.e. without median impression): Poste• - fan-like widened proximally: Caenoptera (2) ritoma (2), Siphlonurus/fgl (P), Dipteromimus (P), - with undulate tornoapical margin: Behningialfg3 (I), Ameletus/fg 1 (P), Acanthametropus/fg 1 (P), Ametro- Anagenesial g 1 (1) 2. SUBlMAGO & IMAGO: 2.2. THORAX 381

- with this or that type of gemination: Palingeniopsis [2.2.38] RSal' of fore wing (in Permoplectoptera), Discoglossata (5) {Gemino• - concave: Euephemeroptera (not all) (3) venata (3)}, part of Euthyplocialfgl (II), Behnin• - absent: Geminovenata (3), Behningialfgl (4), Anage- gialfg3 (I), Palingenialf3=g2 (2) {Anagenesialgl (I) nesialgl (I), Campsuruslfgl (not all) (5) {Cheirogenesia (I)}}, Hexageniteslfgl (2) [2.2.39] iRSal of fore wing - with veins connected in pairs: Geminovenata (3) - convex: Euephemeroptera (not all) (3) - without gemination: Pentagenia (P) - absent: Geminovenata (3), Behningialfgl (4), Anage- - with additional interca1aries - see [2.2.56] nesialgl (I), Campsuruslfgl (5) [2.2.29] Costal brace of fore wing [2.2.40] iRS of fore wing - present: Euephemeroptera (I) - convex: Panephemeroptera (4) - approximated to Sc: Discoglossata (4) - arise from RSa: Discoglossata (not all) (6) [2.2.30] Sc of fore wing - approximated with RSa: Geminovenata (not all) (3) - terminates near wing apex: Panephemeroptera (2), - approximated with RSa2: Behningialfg3 (I ), Palin- Syntonopteralfgl (I) genialf3=g2 (2) [2.2.31] RA offore wing - absent: Homoeoneurialg2 (4), Elassoneurialgl (2) - terminates near wing apex: Panephemeroptera (2), - proximally approximated to RA: part of Oligone- Syntonopteralfg 1 (I) urialf4=g5 (5) {Lachlania (2), Oligoneurialf5=g6 (2)} [2.2.41] RSp offore wing Vein RS offore wing - concave: Panephemeroptera (4) [2.2.32-41 ] - approximated with MAl: Palingeniopsis (in Permo- plectoptera), Discoglossata (5), Behningialfg3 (I), [2.2.32] Common stem of RS+MA offore wing Palingenialf3=g2 (2), Hexageniteslfgl (2) - present: Euephemeroptera (2) - closely approximated with MAl: Geminovenata (3) - reduced: Posteritoma (9) [2.2.33] RS of fore wing Vein MA offore wing - begins as common stem: Panephemeroptera (2), Syn- [2.2.42-44] tonopteralfg 1 (I) - arises from RA: Protephemeroidea (I) [2.2.42] MA of fore wing - arises from MA: Euephemeroptera (2) - convex: Panephemeroptera (3), Syntonopteralfgl (I) - approximated with MA: Syntonopteralfgl (2) [2.2.43] MA bifurcation offore wing - concave: Panephemeroptera (3), Syntonopteralfgl (2) - present: Euephemeroptera (not all) (4) - forms triad RSa-iR8-RSp: Panephemeroptera (4), - near middle: Euephemeroptera (not all) (4) {Baetiscal Syntonopteralfgl (3) 1f2=gl (P), Siphlaenigma (P), Elassoneurialgl (I), [2.2.34] RSa offore wing Palingenialf4=g3 (P)} - concave: Panephemeroptera (4) - transferred proximally: Euthyplocialfgl (4), Behnin• - forms triad RSal-iRSa-RSa2: Panephemeroptera gialfgl (5), Anagenesialgl (I), Polymitarcyslfl=Epho• (not all)(4) ronlg2 (4) - without branches and intercalaries, approximated - strongly transferred proximally: Geminovenata (not with iRS: Geminovenata (not all) (3) all) (3) {Oligoneuriellalgl (P), Homoeoneuria/gl (P), - absent: Homoeoneurialg2 (4), Elassoneurialgl (2) Oligoneurialf4=g5 (P), Fittkauneuria (P)}, Behnin• - proximally approximated to RA: part of Oligone- gialfgl (5), Campsuruslfgl (5) urialf4=g5 (5) {Lachlania (2), Oligoneurialf5=g6 (2)} - absent, MA2 free: Liberevenata (I) - not connected with RSp, non-branched: Prosopis- - absent, MA2 absent: Protephemeroidea (3), Prosopis- tomalfl=g2 (5) tomalfl=g2 (5) [2.2.35] RSal of fore wing: [2.2.44] iMA offore wing: - concave: Panephemeroptera (4) - absent: Geminovenata (3) - approximated with MA2: Palingeniopsis (in Permo- [2.2.36] iRSa of fore wing plectoptera), Behningialfg3 (I), Palingenialf3=g2 (2), - convex: Panephemeroptera (4) Hexageniteslfgl (2) [2.2.37] RSal offore wing - concave: Panephemeroptera (4) Vein MP of fore wing - non-branched: Protephemeroidea (2), part of Euephe- [2.2.45-49] meroptera (3) {Geminovenata (3), Behningialfgl (4), Anagenesialgl (I), Campsuruslfgl (not all) (5)} [2.2.45] MP offore wing - forms triad RS~'-iRS~-RSa2": Euephemeroptera - concave: Panephemeroptera (3), Syntonopteralfg I (I) (not all) (3) [2.2.46] MP bifurcation of fore wing - connected with RSa: Baetiscalf2=gl (P), Radulapal• [2.2.47] MPI offore wing pata(P) - approximated with iMP: Behningialfg3 (I), Cheiro• - not connected with RSa: Arthroplea (4) genesia (I) - approximated with iRS: Behningialfg3 (I), Palinge- - approximated with MAl: Discoglossata (5) nialf3=g2 (2) - closely approximated with MA2: Geminovenata (3) 382 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

[2.2.48] iMP offore wing - with first vein arising from CUP bifurcate (Xb X2): - approximated with MP1: Behningialfg3 (1), Cheiro• [Classifications of Furcatergaliae I] (5), Potamanthusl genesia (1) Ifgl (6), Caenotergaliae (9), EphemereJlalfgI (15) - beginning from wing base: Caenoptera (2) - with 3 bifurcate veins (x, y, z) arising from CUP: - arises from CuA forming secondary triad: Trieo- EphemereJlalfgI (not all) (15) {Vietnamella (P)} rythopsis (1) - with 2 bifurcate veins (x, y) arising from CuP: [2.2.49] MP2 of fore wing EphemereJlalfgl (not all) (15) {EphemerelJalfg2 (not - not connected with MPh begins from wing base: all) (P), Austremerella (P)} Caenoptera (2) - with 1 bifurcate vein (x) arising from CuP: [Clas• - not connected with MPh begins near wing base: sifications of Furcatergaliae IIa] (2), part of Caeno• Posteritoma (9) tergaliae (9) {part of Neoephemeralfgl (P), - not connected with MPh begins far from wing base: Caenoptera (to)}, part of EphemereJlalfgl (15) Tetramerotarsata (9), Trieorythopsis (1) {Tricoryptera (I)} - in proximal part curved and divergent from MP1: - with vein (x) symmetrically arising from CuP: Fimbriatotergaliae (not aJl) (5), Baba (2) Afrotricorythi (I) - approximated with CuA: Discoglossata (5), Behnin• - with 2 interca1aries going to tornoapical margin: gialfg3 (1), Hexagenites/fgl (2) Polyploeia (1), Asthenopuslfgl (P) - closely approximated with CuA1: Geminovenata (3) - with 2 intercalaries going to basitornal margin: Campsuruslfg2 (1) Cubital veins of fore wing - with vein forming several triads: Hexagenites/fg 1 (I) [2.2.50-53] [2.2.52] Number of intercal aries in cubital field -variable: part of Metreletus (1), Metretopus/fgl (5), [2.2.50] CuA offore wing part of Acanthametropus/fgI (P), BehningialfgI (6) - convex: Panephemeroptera (3), SyntonopteralfgI (1) Polymitarcys/fl =Ephoron/81 (5) - approximated with MP2: Discoglossata (5), Behnin- -1: part of Metretopus/fgI (5) {Metrepleeton (4)}, part gialfg3 (1) of Tetramerotarsata (to), part of Behningia/fgl (6), - closely approximated with MP2 : Geminovenata (3) Campylocia (1), part of Polymitarcyslfl=Ephoron/g2 - in proximal part curved and divergent from MP1: (5) {Eopolymitareys (I)}, "Siphlurites" (I) Fimbriatotergaliae (not aJl) (5), Baba (2) - 2 (1 pair) or 1 bifurcate vein: part of Anteritoma (1) - short: Coryphorus (1), Litophlebia (1) {part of Metretopus/fgI (5) {Metretopus/fg2 (4)}, - supplied by trachea from MP: EphemerellalfgI (6) Tetramerotarsata (not all) (10), part of Heptagennota - supplied by trachea from behind: Campsurus/fgl (5) (5), part of Behningia/fgl (6), Polyploeia (1), part of - with bifurcation or posterior branches - see [2.2.51] Polymitarcyslfl=Ephoron/g2 (5) {Campsurus/fgl (5) [2.2.51] Cubital field of fore wing {Asthenopus/fgl (P), Campsurus/f81 (I)}}, part of - without veins going to wing margin: Misthodotes/fg Caenotergaliae (9) {part of Neoephemeralfgl (P), (in Permoplectoptera), Posteritoma (I), part of Anteri• Caenoptera (10)}, part of EphemereJlalfgl (15) {Tri• toma (1) {Coryphorus (1), Litophlebia (I)} coryptera (I)}, Leptophlebialfgl (5), "Xenophlebia" - bordered by basitornal margin: Anteritoma (I) (1)} - with several veins going from CuA to basitornal - 4 (2 pairs), posterior pair longest: part of Anteritor• margin: Anteritoma (not all) (I) {Siphlonurus/fgl (P), na (I) {part of Metretopus/fg 1 (5) {Siphlopleeton (4)}, Dipteromimus (2), Ameletus/fg2, Acanthametro• Heptagennota (not all) (5), "Eleetrogenia" (I)} pus/fgl (P), Vetulata (P), Nesameletus/fl=Metamoni• - more than 2, anterior pair longest: Ametropus (8), us/gl (P), Ameletopsis/fgl (P), Rallidens (P), Colobu• part of Behningia/fgl (6), part of Polymitarcys/fl= riscus/fgl (P), IsonychialfgI (P), Potamanthus/fgl (6), =Ephoron/g2 (5) {Polymitarcys/f3=Ephoron/g4 (1)} Euthyplocialfg2 (P), Proboscidoploeia (P), Exeuthyp• [2.2.53] CuP offore wing locialfgl (P), 1chthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 (P), Pen• - concave: Panephemeroptera (3), Syntonopteralfgl (I) tagenia (P), Caenotergaliae (not all) (9) {Neoephe• - sharply divergent or separated from CuA: Tetrame- meralfgI (not all) (P)}, Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (15), rotarsata (5), LeptophJebialfgl (4) Baba (P), "Cronieus" (P), "Staekelbergisea" (P), "Bal• - independent from CuA: Posteritoma (9), Tetramero• tieophlebia" (P), "Baltameletus" (P), "Olgisea" (P), tarsata (5), Caenoptera (10), part of EphemereJla/fgI "Proameletus" (P)} (6) {Tricoryptera (1)}, Leptophlebia/fgI (4) - with triad or strong vein "CuA2 ": Protereismalfg (in - connected with CuA and AA by constant crossveins: Permoplectoptera), Palingeniopsis (ibid.), part of Ephemerella/fgl (6) {Tricoryptera (I)} Anteritoma (J) {Geminovenata (3), Behningialfg2 (3), - seems arising from AA: Caenoptera (10), part of Anagenesia/g2 (I), Plethogenesia/gl (J), Cheirogene• Ephemerellalfgl (6) {Tricoryptera (I)} sia (2), Hexagenites/fg 1 (I)} - strongly arched: Leptohyphes/fgJ (P) - with intercalaries - see also [2.2.52] - terminates distad of tornus: Posteritoma (J) - with intercalaries going to tornoapical margin and - terminates close to tornus: Ametropus (7) veins going from them to basitornal margin: Cam• - terminates proximad of tornus: Anteritoma (1) pyloeia (I), Polyp/oeia (I), Polymitarcyslfl =Ephoronl 181 (not all) (5) {Eopolymitareys (I)}, "Siphlurites" (I) 2. SUBIMAGO & IMAGO: 2.2. THORAX 383

Vein AA of fore wing - diminished (veins RS, MA, MP without furcations): [2.2.54] Dipteromimus (2) - diminished (2 longitudinal veins behind triad MP): [2.2.54] AA offore wing B/eptus (2) - on common stem with AP: Epeoruslfgl (3) - present in both sexes: Ephemerythus (not all) (3), - with vein arising from base: Campsuruslfgl (5) Leptohypheslfgl (not all) (2) {Leptohypheslfg2 (not - with veins arising posteriorly: Ephemeralfg9 (6) aU) (P), Haplohyphes (P)} - with bifurcation: Potamanthuslfg I (I) - present in male, absent in female (among all Ephe• - terminates distad of tornus: Posteritoma (I) meroptera): part of Turbanoculata (10), part of Lepto• - terminates close to tornus: Ametropus (7) hypheslfgl (2) {part of Leptohyphes/fg2 (P), Allenhy• phes (P), Vacupernius (P), Yaurina (P), Traverhyphes Additional intercalaries offore wing (P)} [2.2.55-56] - absent in both sexes (among all Ephemeroptera): part [2.2.55] Marginal intercalaries ofTurbanoculata (10), Caenoptera (9), part of Tricory• - absent: Siphlaenigma (P), [Classifications of Furca• ptera (2) {Tricorygnatha (5), part of Ephemerythus (3), tergaliae IIa] (5), Caenoptera (11), Tricorygnatha (3), Dicercomyzon (8), Machadorythus (7), part of Lepto• Dicercomyzon (7), part of Machadorythus (6), Lepto• hyphes/fgl (2) {Tricorythodes (4), Tricorythopsis (6), hypheslfgl (5) Epiphrades (1)}, Coryphorus (3), part of Leptophle• - connected: Vietnamella (6) bialfgl (V AR) - free: Liberevenata (2), Ephemerellalfg2 (3), Austreme- [2.2.60] Shape of hind wing rella (4), Melanemerellalfgl (2), Teloganodes (9), - roundish: Baetiscalt2=gl (2), Vietnamella (4) Ephemerythus (2), Machadorythus (not all) (6) - narrow: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (5), Turbanoculata (not -1 in each space: Liberevenata (not all) (2) {Palaeo• all) (10), Leptohypheslfgl (not all) (2) cloeon (P)} [2.2.61] Costal field of hind wing (length - see [2.2.63]) - 2 in each space: part of Liberevenata (2), Ephemery• [2.2.62] Costal projection of hind wing thus (2) - proximally: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (5), Leptohypheslfgl [2.2.56] Other additional intercalaries (not all) (2) - border longitudinal veins: (J Prosopistomalfl=g2 (5) - close to apex of Sc: Teloganopsis (1), Hyrtanellalfl = =Crinitellalgl (3), Teloganodes (6), Ephemerythus Crossveins of fore wing (not all) (3), "Manohyphella", part of Leptophlebialfgl [2.2.58] (VAR) [2.2.57] Crossveins - curved distally: Turbanoculata (not all) (10) - absent: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (5), Homoeoneurialg2 (4) - curved proximally: Leptohyphes/fgl (not all) (2) - constant cua-cup and cup-aa: Ephemerellalfgl (6) - with thickened crossvein: Campsuruslfgl (5)

Coloration offore wing Veins of hind wing [2.2.58] [2.2.63--72] [2.2.58] Coloration of fore wing [2.2.63] Sc of hind wing - at anterior and posterior margins: Atopopuslg2 (3) - terminates at apex offore margin: Ephemerellalfg2 (not all) (P) {Timpanogalfgl (P), Ephemerellalfg4 (P), HIND WING Torleyalgl (P), Uracanthella (P), Amurella (P)}, Hind wing [2.2.59-62], veins [2.2.63--72] Vietnamella (4), Austremerella (P), Melanemerellalfgl (P), part of Leptophlebialfgl (V AR) [2.2.59] Hind wing - terminates at middle offore margin: Teloganopsis - not exceeds 112 of fore wing: Euplectoptera (I) (1), Hyrtanellalfl=Crinitellalgl (3), Teloganodes (6), - normally developed: Posteritoma (P), SiphlonuruslfgI Tricoryptera (not all) (2) {Ephemerythus (not all) (3)}, (P), Ameletuslfgl (P), Metretopuslfgl (P), Acanth• part ofLeptophlebialfgl (V AR) ametropuslfgl (P), Ametropus (9), Siphlaenigma (P), - terminates at proximal part offore margin: Tricory• Nesameletuslfl=MetamoniuslgI (P), Vetulata (P), ptera (not all) (2) {Leptohypheslfgl (not all) (2)} Ameletopsislfgl (P), Rallidens (3), Branchitergaliae - apically connected with constant cross-vein: Teloga- (P), Potamanthuslfgl (P), Euthyplocialfgl (not all) nopsis (1), Ephemerythus (not all) (3) (P), Fossoriae (P), Neoephemeralfgl (P), Epheme• - absent: part ofLeptohypheslfgl (2) rellalfg2 (P), Vietnamella (4), Austremerella (P), MelanemerellalfgI (P), Leptophlebialfgl (not all) [2.2.64] RA of hind wing (VAR) - curved proximally: part of Rhoenanthuslgl (VAR) - without interca1aries: Geminovenata (3) [2.2.65] Between RA and RS of hind wing - diminished (veins behind MP1 absent): Turbanocula- - additional vein: Polymitarcys/t2=Ephoron/g3 (4) ta (not all) (10), Teloganodes (6), Tricoryptera (not [2.2.66] RS of hind wing all) (2) {Ephemerythus (not all) (3), Leptohypheslfgl - on common stem with RA: Protephemeroidea (I), Eu• (not all) (2)} plectoptera (I) 384 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

- on common stem with MA: Euephemeroptera (2) [2.2.75] Tarsus of male fore leg {Euplectoptera (I)} - S-segmented: Tetramerotarsata (I) - concave: Panephemeroptera (3) - 4-segmented: Tricorygnatha (7}-{8), E9 Machadory- - with 1 bifurcation: Euplectoptera (not all) (I) {Vietna- thus (2) mella (4), Austremerella (P), Melanemerellal fgl (P)} - non-segmented: Behniogialfgl (8) - without bifurcation: Dipteromimus (2), Turbanoculata - conic in subimago: Paliogenialf3=g2 (3) (10), Teloganodes (6) - conic in subimago and imago: Anagenesialgl (2) [2.2.67] MA of hind wing - with oblique segments: Dicercomyzon (6) - convex: Panephemeroptera (3) [2.2.76] I" tarsal segment of male fore leg - on common stem with RA: Euplectoptera (I) - non-shortened: Baetiscalt2=gl (P), Siphlonuruslfgl -with bifurcation: Euephemeroptera (not all) (4) (P) Ameletuslfgl (P), Metretopuslfgl (P), Acanth• {Chromarcys (VAR), Branchitergaliae (not all) (P)} ametropuslfgl (3), Ametropus (P), Siphlaenigma (P), - without bifurcation: Protephemeroidea (3), Posteritor• Isonychialfgl (P), part of Kageronia (VAR), part of na (10), Turbanoculata (10), Ametropus (9), part of Stenonemalgl (VAR), part of Ecdyonuruslfg2 (VAR), Chromarcys (not all) (V AR), Geminovenata (3), Epeiron (2), Himalogena (I), Epeoruslfgl (4) Arthroplea (5), part of Cinygma (V AR), Furcater• - strongly shortened: Liberevenata (3), Coloburiscusl galiae (4), "Cretoneta" (I) fgl (7), part of Kageronia (VAR), Heptagenialf8=g7 - approximated with RSp and MP1: Geminovenata (3) (3), Dacnogenia (4), part of Stenonemalgl (VAR), [2.2.68] MP of hind wing part of Ecdyonuruslfg2 (VAR), Afghanuruslgl (2), - concave: Panephemeroptera (3) Raptoheptagenia (6), Rhithrogenalfg4 (I), Sibirigena - bifurcate - see [2.2.69] and [2.2.70] (1), Furcatergaliae (not all) (2) nd [2.2.69] Bifurcation of MP of hind wing - fused with 2 : Tricorygnatha (8), Machadorythus (2) - not transferred distally: Baetiscalt2=gI (P), Siphlo• [2.2.77] Claws of male fore leg (among all Ephemeroptera) nisca (P), Oniscigaster/fg2 (P), Coloburiscuslfg2 (P) - ephemeropteroid in imago and subimago: Ameletusl -transferred distally: Tasmanophiebiaigi (I), Ralli• fgI (P), Analetris (P), Ametropus (P), Metretopuslfgl dens (3), Coloburiscoides (1), Isonychialfgl (7), (P), Vetulata (P), Ameletopsislfgl (P), Rallidens (P), "Cronicus" (not all) (I) Tetramerotarsata (I), Coloburiscuslfgl (P), Heptagen• - absent: Parameletuslfg2 (2), Turbanoculata (10), part nota (not all) (VAR), Potamanthuslfgl (not all) of Campsurus/fgl (5), Vietnamella (4), Teloganodes (V AR), Ichthybotus (P), Neoephemeralfg2 (P), (6), part of Leptophlebia/fgl (V AR), "Cronicus" (not "Palaeoanthus" (P), Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (P) all) (I), "Cretoneta" (1) {Madecassorythuslfg2 (P), Ranorythus (P), Ephemery• thus (P), Dieereomyzon (P), Coryphorus (P)}, Lepto• [2.2.70] MPz of hind wing - arises from euA: part of Fimbriatotergaliae (5) phlebia/fgl (not all) (V AR), "Eleetrogenia" (I) - intercalary: Ametropus (9), Campsuruslfgl (not all) (5) - pointed in imago and sUbimago: Siphlonuruslfgl (4), - absent - see [2.2.69] Dipteromimus (4), Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslgl (8), part of Heptagennota (V AR), part of Leptophle• [2.2.71] CuA of hind wing bia/fgI (V AR) - convex: Panephemeroptera (3) - blunt in imago, ephemeropteroid in sUbimago: part - forms triad: part of Vietnamella (4) of Heptagennota (VAR), part of Potamanthuslfgl - absent: Turbanoculata (10), Teloganodes (6) (V AR), Euthyplocia/fgl (not all) (10), Ephemeralfg9 [2.2.72] Crossveins of hind wing (5), Polymitarcyslfl=Ephoron/g2 (not all) (6) {Poly• - absent: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (5) mitarcyslt2=Ephoron/g3 (P)}, Leueorhoenanthus (2), - constant sc-ra: Teloganopsis (1) Potamanthellus (3), part of Ephemerella/fgl (P) {Tricorythus/fg5 (I), Spinirythus (2), Maehadorythus LEGS OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO (8), Leptohyphes/fgl (7)} Fore leg [2.2.73-79], both middle and hind legs [2.2.80-85], - blunt in imago, pointed in subimago: Isonychia/fgl middle leg [2.2.86], hind leg [2.2.87] (II), part of Euthyplocialfgl (10) {Polyploeia (2)} - blunt in imago and subimago: Baetisca/f3=g2 (5), FORE LEGS OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO Acanthametropuslfg2 (6), Ametropus (4), Discoglos• In both sexes [2.2.73], in male [2.2.74-77], in female [2.2.78-79] sata (9), Palingenia/t2=gl (7), Campsurus/fgl (8), [2.2.73] Fore leg Caenoptera (16), part ofLeptophlebia/fgl (VAR) - with gill: Siphluriscus (I), Isonychia/fg I (12) - single blunt: Prosopistoma/fl=g2(4), Behningia/fgI(8) - shortened: Discoglossata (7) Fore legs offemale subimago and imago Fore legs of male sub imago and imago [2.2.78-79] [2.2.74-77] [2.2.78] Tarsus of female fore leg [2.2.74] Fore leg of male - 5-segmented (in contrast to middle and hind): Libe• - shortened: Prosopistoma/fl=g2 (4), Discoglossata (7), revenata (3) Palingenia/t2=gI (7) {Palingenia/f3=g2 (3) {Anagene• - 4-segmented (as middle and hind): Siphlaenigma sia/gi (2)}}, Tricorygnatha (8), Dieereomyzon (6) (I), Tricorygnatha (8), Maehadorythus (2) 2. SUBIMAGO & IMAGO : 2.2. THORAX 385

- non-segmented: Anagenesialgi (2) - fused with tibia and non-shortened: Baetiscalf2=gI [2.2.79] Claws of fore leg of female (in contrast to (P), SiphlonuruslfgI (P), Dipteromimus (P), Amele• middle and hind leg) tuslfgI (P), Metretopuslfgl (P), AcanthametropuslfgI - blunt in imago and subimago: Ametropus (4), Palin• (P), Ametropus (P), Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslgl genialf3=g2 (not all) (4) (P), Vetulata (P), Ameletopsislfgl (6), Rallidens (P), - blunt single: Palingenialf3=g2 (not all) (4) Tetramerotarsata (I), Eusetisura (P), Pseudiron (P), Maehadorythus (2), "Cretoneta" (P) - fused with tibia and shortened: Furcatergaliae (not BOTH MIDDLE AND HIND LEGS OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO all) (2) {Euthyplocialfgl (not all) (V AR), Neoephe• [2.2.80-85] meralfgI (not all) (P), Leptohypheslfg2 (P), Allenhy• phes (P)} [2.2.80] Middle and hind legs (see also [2.2.86-87]) - secondarily elongate: part of Furcatergaliae (2) {part - non-functional at least in imago (among all Epheme• ofEuthyplocialfgI (V AR), Caenoptera (13)} roptera): Prosopistomalfl=g2 (4), Geminovenata (2), - secondarily separated from tibia: Pentamerotarsata ExeuthyplocialfgI (I), BehningialfgI (3), Palingenial (3), part of Furcatergaliae (2) {part of EuthyplocialfgI 1f3=g2 (1), Polymitarcys/fl =Ephoron/g2 (3) (V AR), part ofNeoephemeralfgI (P), Caenoptera (13), - consist of coxa and trochanter only: Campsuruslfg3 (1) Tricorygnatha (7), Trieorythodes (5), Tricorythopsis [2.2.81] Coxa of middle and hind leg: (7)} - elongate, with narrow base: Homoeoneurialgi (2) [2.2.85] Claws (except for fore legs of male) (among all [2.2.82] Tibia of middle and hind leg Ephemeroptera) - shorter than tarsomere 1 : AcanthametropuslfgI (3) - ephemeropteroid: Baetiscalf2=gI (P), Ameletuslfg! - with vestige of patella-tibial suture: Posteritoma (not (P), Acanthametropus/fgI (P), Metretopus/fgI (P), all) (11), Siphlonurus/fgI (P), Dipteromimus (P), Vetulata (P), AmeletopsislfgI (P), Rallidens (P), AmeletuslfgI (P), Metretopus/fgI (P), Acanthametro• Tetramerotarsata (1), Ametropus (P), ColoburiscuslfgI pus/fgI (P), A metropus (P), Siphlaenigma (P), (P), Chromarcys (P), Heptagennota (not all) (VAR), Palaeocloeon (P), Afroptilumlfl=Centroptiioidesigi & PotamanthuslfgI (P), Proboseidoplocia (P), Afroplo• Anteropatellata (see Classification of Turbanoculata), eia (P), Ichthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 (P), Pentagenia Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslg1 (P), Vetulata (P), (P), Palingenialf4=g3 (P), Polymitarcyslf2=Epho• AmeletopsislfgI (P), Rallidens (P), ColoburiscuslfgI ronlg3 (P), "Palaeoanthus" (P), Caenotergaliae (P), (P), IsonychialfgI (P), Arthroplea (P), Heptagenialf5= EphemerellalfgI (P), LeptophlebialfgI (not all) =g4 (P), Cinygma (P), Paegniodes (P), Cinygmula (P), . (V AR), Baba (P), "Cronieus" (P), "Eleetrogenia" (P), EpeoruslfgI (not all) (8), Potamanthuslfgl (P), "Baltieophlebia" (P), "Baltameletus" (P), "Xenophle• Ichthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg9 (P), Palingenialf2=gI bia" (P), "Cretoneta" (P) (P), Polymitarcyslf2=Ephoronlg3 (P), Leueorhoenan• - pointed: SiphionuruslfgI (4), Dipteromimus (4), Nesa• thus (P), Potamanthellus (P), Ephemerellalfgl (not all) meletuslfl=Metamoniusigi (8), IsonychialfgI (6), part (V AR), LeptophlebialfgI (not all) (V AR), Leptophle• of Heptagennota (V AR) {part of Cinygmula (V AR), bialfgI (not all) (VAR) part of Himalogena (V AR), part of Caucasiron -without vestige of patella-tibial suture: Discoglossa• (VAR)}, Euthyplocialfg2 (1), Campylocia (2), ta (8), Pseudiron (2), part of Epeorus/fgI (8), part of Polyploeia (2), part ofLeptophlebialfgI (VAR) EuthyplocialfgI (VAR), Oehernova (1), Caenoptera - blunt: Geminovenata (2), Exeuthyplocialfg2 (2), Ana• (17), part of EphemerellalfgI (V AR), part of Lepto• genesialgi (2) phlebialfgI (VAR) - blunt single: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (4), d' BehningialfgI [2.2.83] Tarsus of middle and hind leg: number of (3), Q Anagenesialgi (2), Chankagenesia (1), Anage• distinguishable segments less than 5 (among all nesialg2 (2) Ephemeroptera) - vestigial or absent: Q Geminovenata (2), Behningial - segmentation non-expressed: Q Geminovenata (2), Ifg! (3), CampsuruslfgI (9) part of 0 Homoeoneurialgi (4), part of Furcatergaliae (2) {BehningialfgI (3), Campsurus/fgI (9), 9 Anage• Middle legs of subimago and imago nesialgi (2)} [2.2.86] - 2: Prosopistomalfl=g2 (4), 0 Homoeoneurialgi (not (see also [2.2.80-85]) all) (4), part of Furcatergaliae (2) {d' BehningialfgI (3)} [2.2.86] Middle leg (see also [2.2.80-85]) - 3: OOligoneuriellalgi (2),0 Elassoneurialg2 (1) - elongate: Discoglossata (7) - 4: Tetramerotarsata (1),0 Madeconeuria (P), o Oligo- - with remainder of gill: Siphluriseus (1) neurialf4=g5 (P), 0 Fittkauneuria (P), part of Furca• tergaliae (2) {Tricorygnatha (7), (8), Maehadorythus Hind legs of sub imago and imago (2), Trieorythopsis (2)} [2.2.87] (see also [2.2.80-85]) [2.2.84] IS' tarsal segment of middle and hind leg (among all Ephemeroptera) [2.2.87] Hind leg (see also [2.2.80-85]) - fused with 2nd tarsal segment: part of Furcatergaliae - vestigial: Exeuthyplocialfg2 (1) (2) {Tricorygnatha (8), Maehadorythus (2)} - in male specialized: Homoeoneurialg2 (5) 386 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

2.3. ABDOMEN OF SUBIMAGO AND IMAGO - 2ad segment directed laterally: Turbanoculata (not AND ITS APPENDAGES all) (13) Segments I-VIII [2.3.1-5], sternum IX [2.3.6-7], gonostyli - 2ad segment directed posteriorly or medially: part of [2.3.8-14], penis [2.3.15-17], segment X [2.3.18], caudalii Turbanoculata (13) [2.3.19-22] [2.3.10)1" segment of go nostylus Abdominal segments I-VIII - movably articulated with 2DC1: part ofPantricorythi (2) [2.3.1-5] - distinct from 2ad: Chromarcys (P), Ichthybotus (P), Ephemera/fg9 (P), Pentagenia (P), Protobehningia (P) [2.3.1] Traces of larval tergalial attachment - not distinct from 2ad: Geminovenata (6), Potaman• - VI transferred anteriorly: Posteritorna (5), Caenoter- thuslfgI (9), Euthypiocia/fgI (5), Behningialfg2 (4), galiae (1) Palingenialf3=g2 (5), Polymitarcysifl =Ephoronlg2 - VII transferred anteriorly: Ephemeralfg9 (l) (7), "Palaeoanthus" (1), Potamanthelluslgl (I), Cae• [2.3.2] Lateral lobes noptera(5) - on segments V-IX: Siphlonisea (2), part of Onisci- - elongate: Pantricorythi (2) gaster/fg2 (VAR) - not elongate: Ephemerellalfg2 (P) [2.3.3] Abdominal segment VI [2.3.11) 2nd segment of gonostylus - enlarged: Posteritorna (5) - with bulbous base: Trieorythodes (I) - with transverse dorsal elevation: Baetiscalf3=g2 (I) - directed laterally: part of Pantricorythi (2) {Trieory- [2.3.4] Abdominal segment VII thopsis (3)} - enlarged, with mid-dorsal elevation: Maehadorythus (I) [2.3.12) Number of distal segments of gonostylus - in female with copulatory pouch: Siphionuruslfgl (I) (among all Ephemeroptera) - in female with copulatory pouch with basal lobes: - more than 2: Mirawara (I), part of Discoglossata (12), Parameletuslfg I (l) Arthroplea (6), part of Palingenialf3=g2 (5), "Croni• [2.3.5] Abdominal sternum VIII eus"(3) - in female with pair of impressions: Tortopus (l) - 2: Siphionuruslfgl (P), Dipteromimus (P), AmeIe• tuslfgl (P), MetretopuslfgI (P), Acanthametropuslfg2 Abdominal sternum IX of subimago and imago (P), Vetulata (P), NesarneIetuslfl=Metarnoniusigl (P), [2.3.6-7] Ameletopsislfg2 (P), Chiloporter (P), Chaquihua (P), Rallidens (P), Siphlaenigma (P), Ametropus (P), [2.3.6] Postgenital (subanaI) plate offemale Coloburiscuslfgl (P), Isonychialfgl (P), Oligoneuris• - normally developed: Siphlaenigma (P) ea (P), Oligoneuriellalgl (not all) (P), Elassoneurialgi - reduced: Liberevenata (4) (not all) (P), Heptagennota (not all) (P), Radulapalpata - bipointed: Baetiscalf3=g2 (2) (P), Neoephemeralfgl (P), Potamanthuslfgl (9), [2.3.7] Styliger of male Iehthybotus (P), Ephemeralfg 10 (P), Hexagenialfg3 - normally developed: Siphlaenigma (P) (P), Litobrancha (P), Pentagenia (P), part of Palinge• - with reduced median part and separated gonostyli nialf3=g2 (5), PoIymitarcyslf2=Ephoronlg3 (P), Neo• pedestals: Liberevenata (4), Isonychia/fg2 (I), PoIy• ephemera/fgI (P), LeptophlebialfgI (not all) (P), mitarcys/fl=Ephoron/g2 (not all) (7) {Campsurus/fg2 "Eleetrogenia" (P), "Xenophlebia" (P), "Cretoneta" (2), Asthenopus (P)} (P), "Mogzonurus" (P) - reduced, without gonostyli pedestals: Geminovenata (6) -1: Posteritorna (12), Analetris (1), Liberevenata (not - medially elongate and contiguous with gonostyli: all) (5), Oligoneurialf4=g5 (2), Euthyplocialfgl (not Brasilioeaenis (1) all) (5) {Euthyplocialfg2 (P), Proboscidoploeia (P)}, - dorsally with membranous area: AmeIetuslfgI (5) Pseudeatoniea (1), Eatonicalfg2 (1), Eatonigenia (3), - W-shapely speaks into sternite IX: Caenoptera (5) Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (8), part of Leptophiebialfgl - with projection on gonostylus pedestal: Tortopus (l) (P) - 0: part of Liberevenata (5), Campylocia (3), Polyp/oeia Gonostyli (3), Exeuthyplocialfgl (4), Behningialfgl (10), Camp• [2.3.8-14] suruslfgl (10), Caenoptera (5), part of Pantricorythi (2) {Afrotricorythi (2), Trieorythopsis (3), Haplo• [2.3.8] Gonostylus hyphes (I)} - absent (among all Ephemeroptera): part of Gemino• venata (6) {Homoeoneuria/g2 (6), Fittkauneuria (l)}, [2.3.13] Distal segments of gonostylus Cotopaxi - shortened: NeoephemeralfgI (P) - vestigial: Potamanthellus (l), part of Caenislf5=g3 (I) [2.3.14] Single distal segment of gonostylus - without muscle: Campsurus/fg2 (2) - small: Pantricorythi (not all) (2) - grooved: Caenoptera (not all) (5) {Brachycercus/fl=g3 - elongate: Attenella (I) (P), Madeeoeereus (P), Tillyardoeaenis (P), "Afroeereus" (P)} Penis - non-grooved: part ofCaenoptera (5) {Caenis/f3=g3 (l)} [2.3.15-17] - contiguous with styliger: Brasilioeaenis (I) [2.3.15] Penial arms [2.3.9] Anlage of sub imaginal gonostylus in larva has - articulated with gonostyli pedestals: Campsurus/fg2 (2) 2. SUBIMAGO & IMAGO: 2.3. ABDOMEN 387

-lost articulation with tergite IX: Campsuruslfg2 (2), - in male subimago (but not imago) shorter than part ofCaenoptera (5) abdomen: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (9), Geminovenata (7), [2.3.16] Penis Caenoptera (6) - with titillators - see [2.3.16] - in female do not moult: Caenoptera (6) - vestigial: Liberevenata (6) - in female diminished: Caenoptera (6), Tricorythodesl - unpaired: Eatonigenia (2), Caenoptera (5) /fgl (6) -longer than gonostyli: BehningialfgI (9), Madecas- - without distinct segmentation: Prosopistomalfl =g2 sorythuslfg2 (1) (9), BehningialfgI (11) - with median dorsal condylus: Elassoneurialg 1 (3) [2.3.20] Setae on caudalii {Madeeoneuria (P)}, Oligoneurialf4=g5 (3) - irregular: Chromarcys (P) - with extensible lateral and median sclerites: Elasso• - in whorls: IiI! Geminovenata (not all) (7), fJ Caenoptera neurialg2 (2) (6) - with telescopic apical process: OligoneuriellaigI (1), - absent: IiI! Caenoptera (6) Homoeoneurialg2 (7) [2.3.21] Cerci ofsubimago and imago - bipointed, with lateral widenings: Potamanthuslfg2 (I) - contiguous basally: part of Oligoneurialf4=g5 (6) - divided into 2 pairs oflobes: Siphlonuruslfgl (3) {Laehlania (3), Spaniophlebia (3)} - with latera-dorsal denticles: Prionoides (I), Boriso- [2.3.22] Paracercus of subimago and imago (among all nyehia (1), Pentamerotarsata (not all) (5) {Rhithroge• Ephemeroptera) nalfg4 (2), Epeiron (not all) (3), Himalogena (2), - absent: part of OJigoneurialf4=g5 (6) {Spanioph/ebia (4)} lron/g2 (P)} - vestigial or markedly diminished: Baetiscalt2=gI - without latera-dorsal denticles: Isonychialfg2 (P), (3), SiphlonuruslfgI (5), AmeletuslfgI (6), Metreto• part ofPentamerotarsata (5) {part of Epeiron (3), Sibi• puslfgI (6), Liberevenata (7), TasmanophlebiaigI (3), rigena (3), lronopsisigI (2)} part of Nesameletuslfl =MetamoniusigI (P), Amele• - with paired ventral processes or denticles of this or topsislfg2 (3), Mirawara (4), Chaquihua (3), Rallidens that peculiar type (see also [2.3.17]): Parameletusl (9), Coloburiscuslfgl (9), IsonychialfgI (9), Chromar• /fgl (2), Oligoneuriellalgl (1) {OligoneurieIlalg2 (1), cys (1), part of OligoneuriellaigI (VAR), part of Oligoneuriopsis (I)}, AfghanurusigI (not all) (1), Oligoneurialf4=g5 (6) {Laehlania (3)}, Heptagennota MadecassorythuslfgI (1), Traverhyphes (1), Yaurina (I) (6), part of Fimbriatotergaliae (P) {part of Rhoenan• [2.3.17] TitiIIators thusigI (V AR), HexagenialfgI (3), PaIingenialf3=g2 - median present: Pentamerotarsata (not all) (5) {Arth• (6), CampsuruslfgI (11), Leueorhoenanthus (1), roplea (8), Heptagenialf6=g5 (P), Ecdyonurus/fg2 (P), Potamanthelluslgl (2), Teloganodes (2), Spinirythus AfghanuruslfgI (P), NotacanthurusigI (P), Cinygmula (I), Dieereomyzon (5)}, part of Leptophlebialfgl (P), (P), Paegniodes (P), Proepeorus (P), BeloviusigI (not "Cronieus" (2), "Eleetrogenia" (2), "Baltieophlebia" all) (V AR), Iron/g2 (P), Caueasiron (P)} (P), "Baltameletus" (1), "Cretoneta" (2), "Proamele• - median contiguous: Ecdyonuruslfg2 (P), Afghanurusl tus" (I) /gI (P), NotacanthurusigI (P) - developed: Prosopistomalfl =g2 (9), Dipteromimus (P), - median separated: AfronurusigI (not all) (1) AcanthametropuslfgI (P), Oniscigaster/fg2 (P), Nesa• - median and ventral present: Arthroplea (8), Rhithro- meletuslfl=MetamoniusigI (not all) (P), Chiloporter genalfg2 (not all) (4) (P), Ametropus (P), Siphlaenigma (P), Discoglossata - ventral flat: Rhithrogenalfg3 (not all) (5) {Rhithro• (not all) (P) {OligoneuriellaigI (not all) (V AR), genalfg4 (2), Hjmalogena (2), Sibirigena (not all) (3)}, HomoeoneuriaigI (P), ElassoneuriaigI (P), Oligoneu• part of Afromera (V AR) rialf5=g6 (4), Fittkauneuria (P)}, FimbriatotergaIiae - ventral rolled: EphemeralfgII (1) (not all) (P) {Potamanthuslfg2 (P), RhoenanthusigI - absent: part of Afronurus/gI (1), part of Rhithroge- (not all) (V AR), Campylocja (P), Polyploeia (P), nalfg3 (5) {Epeiron (3), part of Sibirigena (3)} Bleptus Proboscidoplocia (P), EphemeralfglO (P), Neoephe• (3), Ironodes (2), Epeoruslfg4 (I), part of Beloviuslgl meralfg2 (P), Oehernova (P), Caenoptera (P), (V AR), Ironopsislg2 (I), part of Afromera (V AR) "Palaeoanthus" (P)}, EphemerellalfgI (not all) (P), LeptophlebialfgI (not all) (P), Baba (P) Abdominal segment X of subimago and imago - developed in female, vestigial in male: Rhoenanthusl [2.3.18) /gI (not all) (V AR), Euthyplocialfg2 (V AR), Exeuthy• plocialfgI (5), Iehthybotus (4), BehningialfgI (12), [2.3.18] Abdominal tergite X Cryptoprosternata (not all) (5) {Pentagenia (P), - with angles reaching cerci ventra-laterally: Fosso• Polymitarcyslt2=Ephoron/g3 (P)}, Ranorythus (1) riae (5), CaenotergaIiae (12), Geminovenata (8) -longer than cerci: Caudatella (1) - with spine-like ventral seta: Allenhyphes (1) CaudaIii of sub imago and imago [2.3.19-22) [2.3.19] Caudalii of subimago and imago - in male imago shorter than abdomen: Acanthamet• ropuslfg2 (5) 388 INDEX OF CHARACTERS

3. EGGS (not all) (8), part of Ephemerellalfgl (14) {Tricory• [3.1-6] thopsis (4)} -1: Ametropus (10), [Classifications ofFurcatergaliae I J [3.1J Viviparity (2), part of Euthyplocialfgl (VAR), Polymitarcys/f3= - present: part ofTurbanoculata (VAR) =Ephoron/g4 (2), part of CampsuruS/fgl (WAR) {part [3.2J Shape of egg: of CampsuruS/fg2 (3)}, Caenotergaliae (not all) (8) - biconvex lens: Prionoides (2), Palingenialf3=g2 (7) {BrachycercuS/fl=g3 (6)}, Ephemerellalfgl (not all) - concavo-convex: CampsuruS/fg2 (3) (14) [3.3J Chorion sculpture - absent: part of CampsuruS/fg2 (3), Caenotergaliae (not -longitudinal ridges: BrachycercuS/fl=g3 (6) all) (8), Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (14) {Eurylo• - polygonal: Eurylophellalfg2 (2) phellalfg2 (2)} [3.4J Anchor or its vestige (except for polar structures) [3.6J Structure of polar cap or anchor (see [3.5]) - rough spot formed by apices of threads: Siphlonu- -long threads coiled on pole: Stenacron (I), part of rus/fgl (2) Euthyplocialfgl (V AR), part of Campsuruslfgl - thread, coiled under knob: Branchitergaliae (not all) (4) (WAR) {part of Asthenopuslfgl (P), part of Campsu• - mushroom-like: Discoglossata (11) ruS/fg2 (3)}, part ofCaenotergaliae (8) - skein of threads, surrounds knob: PotamanthuS/fgl - cap with integral external surface: [Classifications of (5), Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (14) Furcatergaliae IJ (4), Potamanthus/fgl (5), part of - flat spiral: Afronurus/gl (not all) (2) Euthyplocialfgl (VAR), part of Campsuruslfgl -lamellate: Palingenialf3=g2 (not all) (7) (WAR) {part of CampsuruS/fg2 (3)}, Caenotergaliae [3.5J Number of polar caps or anchors (see [3.6]) (not all) (8), Ephemerellalfgl (not all) (14) - 2: Stenacron (I), [Classifications of Furcatergaliae IJ - bunch offolded threads with knobs: Ametropus (10) (4), Potamanthus/fgl (5), part of Euthyplocialfgl - cap bearing threads with knobs: Polymitarcyslf2= (V AR), Eopo/ymitarcys (2), part of CampsuruS/fgl =Ephoronlg3 (5) {Eopolymitarcys (2), Polymitarcyslf3= (V AR) {part of AsthenopuS/fgl (P)}, Caenotergaliae =Ephoronlg4 (2)} REFERENCES

Besides sources directly cited in the text, here are also included sources mentioned as authorship of genus• group and family-group names of Ephemeroptera (but not that of species-group names).

AGNEW, J.D. 1973. Two new species of Oligoneuriopsis Crass ALLEN, R.K. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1962b. Revision of the genus from the Republic of South Africa (Oligoneuriidae: Epheme• Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) IV. The roptera). - In: W.L. Peters &J.G. Peters (eds.). Proc. 1st Int. subgenus Dannella. - Journ. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 35: Con/ Ephemeroptera, Florida A & M Univ. 17-20 August 333-338. 1970. Leiden, Brill: 114-121. ALLEN, RK. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1963a New and little known ALBA-TERCEDOR, J. & SUTER, P.J. 1990. A new species ofCaeni• Ephemerellidae from southern Asia, Africa and Madagascar. dae from Australia: Tasmanocoenis arcuata sp.n. (Insecta, - Pacific Insects 5: 11-22. Ephemeroptera). - Aquatic Insects 12 (2): 85-94. ALLEN, RK. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1963b. Revision of the genus ALBARDA, H. 1878. Descriptions of three new Ephemeridae. - Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) VI. The Entomol. Month. Mag. 15: 128-130. subgenus Serratella in North America. - Ann. Entomol. Soc. ALI, S.R 1970. Certain mayflies (Order: Ephemeroptera) of West Amer. 56: 533-600. Pakistan. -Pakistan Jour. Sci. 22: 119-124. ALLEN, RK. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1963c. Revision of the genus ALLEN, RK. 1965. A review of the subfamilies of Ephemerel• Ephemerella. VII. The subgenus Eurylophella. - Canad lidae (Ephemeroptera). - Journ. Kansas Entomot. Soc. 38: Entomol. 95: 597-623. 262-266. ALLEN, RK. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1965. A revision of the genus ALLEN, R.K. 1966. Haplohyphes, a new genus of Leptohyphinae Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae). VIII. The (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae). - Journ. Kansas Entomot. subgenus Ephemerella in North America. - Misc. Publ. Soc. 39: 262-266. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 4 (6): 242-282. ALLEN, RK. 1971. New Asian Ephemerella with notes (Epheme• ALLEN, RK. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1976a A revision of the roptera: Ephemerellidae). - Canad. Entomol. 103 (4): 512- genus Ametropus in North America. - Journ. Kansas 528. Entomol. Soc. 49 (4): 625-635. ALLEN, R.K. 1973. New Ephemerellidae from Madagascar and ALLEN, RK. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1976b. Hyrtanella: a new Afghanistan (Ephemeroptera). - Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 49: genus of Ephemerellidae from Malaysia (Ephemeroptera). - 160-164. Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 52: 133-137. ALLEN, RK. 1975. Ephemerella (Cincticostella): a revision of the ALLEN, R.E. & MURVOSH, CH.M. 1987. Mayflies (Ephemerop• nymphal stages (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae). - Pan• tera, Tricorythidae) of the Southwestern United States and Pacif. Entomot. 51 (1): 16-22. North Mexico. -Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 80 (I): 35-40. ALLEN, RK. 1980. Geographic distribution and reclassification of ARO, J.E. 1910. Piirteita paivakorennoisten (Ephemeridae) the subfamily Ephemerellinae (Ephemeroptera: Epheme• eillmllntavoista ja kehityksetsta. - Jlipainos Viipurin suom. rellidae). - In: J.F. Flannagan & K.E. Marshall (eds.). realilyseon vuosikertomuksesta: 1-32. Advances in Ephemeroptera Biology (Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. AsHLOCK, P.D. 1971. Monophyly and associated term. - Ephemeroptera, 4-10 July 1979, Winnipeg, Canada). Plenum Systematic Zoology 20 (I): 63-69. Press, New York: 71-91. AUDOUIN, V. 1824. Recherches anatomiques sur les Thorax des ALLEN, RK. 1984. A new classification of the subfamily Ephe• animaux articules et celui des insectes hexapodes en merellinae and the description of a new genus. - Pan-Pacif. particulier. -Ann. Sci. Nat. 1: 97-135; Atlas des T. 1-3: 22- Entomol. 60: 245-247. 23, PI. 8. ALLEN, RK. & COHEN, S.D. 1977. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of BAE, Y.J.&MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 1991. Phylogenetic systematics Mexico and Central America: new species, descriptions, and of the Potamanthidae (Ephemeroptera). - Trans. Amer. records. - Canad Entomol. 109: 399-414. Entomol. Soc. 117 (3/4): 1-145. ALLEN, R.K. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1959. Revision of the Genus BAE, Y.I. & MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 1998. Phylogenetic systematics Ephemerella. I. The subgenus Timpanoga. - Canad and biogeography of the Neoephemeridae. - Aquatic Insects Entomol. 91: 51-59. 20 (l): 35-68. ALLEN, RK.&EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1960. A Revision of the BAE, Y.I. & MCCAFFERTY, W.P. & EDMUNDS, J.F., JR. 1990. Sty• genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) II. The gifloris, a new genus of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Potaman• subgenus Caudatella. - Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 54: 603- thidae) from southeast Asia -Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 83: 612. 887-891. ALLEN, R.K. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1961. Revision of the genus [BAJKOVA, O.JA.] JiAAKOBA OJl 1970. HOBbIe H M3JlOH3BeCT• Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) III. The Hble BH.lU>1 no.neHoK (Ephemeroptera) H3 6acceAHa AMypa subgenus Attenuatella. - Journ. Kansas. Entomol., Soc. 34 [New and little-known species of may-flies (Ephemeroptera) (4): 161-173. from the basin of the Amur River]. - 3HmOJlfOJl. 0603peHUe ALLEN, RK.&EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1962a A revision of the [Rev. Entomol. URSSJ 49 (I): 146-155. genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera) V. The subgenus [BAJKOVA, O.JA.] JiAAKOBA 0.'». 1975. HOBblA po.n no.neHOK H3 Drunella in North America - Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. npHMOpbJl (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) [New genus of Amer. 3 (5): 147-179. Ephemeroptera from the Primor'ye]. - H36. Cu6. OmOeJl. AH

389 390 REFERENCES

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coptera 14-20 August 1995, Losanne, Switzerland). Mauron+ Crane Press: 115-134. + Tinguely & Lacht SA, Fribourg I Switzerland: 554-560. TOMKA, I. & HASLER, W. 1978. Einsatz des Rasterelektronenmikr STUDEMANN, D.&LANDOLT, P.&ToMKA., I. 1987. Complement oskops bei taxonomischen Studien an Eintafsfliegen Ii la description de Arthrop/ea congener Bengtsson 1908 (Ephemeroptera). - Bull. Soc. Fribourg Sci. Nat. 67 (2): (Ephemeroptera) et Ii so statut syrematique. - Bull. Soc. 144-151. Friburg. Sci. Nat. 76 (1-2): 144-167. TRAVER, J.R. 1933. Heptagenine mayflies of North America. - STUDEMANN, D.&LANDOLT, P.&TOMKA, I. 1988. Morphology Journ. New York Entomol. Soc. 41: 105-125. and taxonomy of imagines and eggs of Central and Northern TRAVERJ.R. 1935. Two new genera of North American European Siphlonuridae (Ephemeroptera). - Mitt. Schw. Heptageniidae (Ephemerida). - Canad Entomol. 67: 31-38. Entomol. Ges. 61: 303-328. TRAVER, J.R. 1938. Mayflies of Puerto Rico. - Joum. Agric. SUTER, P.J. 1984. A redescription of the genus Tasmanocoenis Univ. Puerto Rico 22: 5-42, pI. 1-3. Lestage (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Australia. - Trans. TRAVER, J.R. 1939. Himalayan mayflies (Ephemeroptera). - R. Soc. Austr. 108: 105-111. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 4: 32-56. SUTER, P.J. 1993. Wundacaenis, a new genus of Caenidae TRAVER, J.R. 1944. Notes on Brazilian mayflies. - Bol. Mus. (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Australia. - Invertebrate Nac. Zool. Rio de Janeiro, N.S., 22: 2-53. Taxonomy 7: 787-803. TRAVER, J.R. 1950. Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part IV. SUTER, P.J. 1999. Irpacaenis, a new genus ofCaenidae (Epheme• Family Ephemeridae (continued). - Rev. Entomol., Rio de roptera) from Australia. - Australian Joum. Entomol. 38: Janeiro 21 (3): 593-614. 159-167. TRAVER, J.R. 1958. The subfamily Leptohyphinae (Ephemerop• THENIUS, E. 1979. Lebensspuren von Ephemeropteren-Larven tera: Tricorythidae). Part L - Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 51: aus dem Jung-Tertiar des Wiener Beckens. -Ann. Naturhist. 491-503. Mus. Wien82: 177-188. [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] qEPHOBA O.A. 1928. MarepH8nbI K n03Ha• THEW, T.B. 1960. Revision of the genera of the family Caenidae HHIO no,neHOK 6acceitHa p. OKH [Beitrag zur Kenntnis der (Ephemeroptera). - Trans. Amer. Entomo[. Soc. 86: Ephemeropteren des Oka-Bassin]. - Pa60mbl OKCKOii 6uoJl. 187-205. cm., MypoM [Arbeiten der Bio[ogischen Oka-Station, Murom] THOMAS, A.G.B. &DIA, A. 1982. Ecdyonurus (?) znojkoi 5 (2-3): 113-115. Tshernova 1938: redescription et appartenance gem!rique [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] qEPHOBA O.A. 1934. HOBbiit BH.1t H po,n reelle (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). - Bull. Soc. Hist. llIHpOKO pacnpocrpaueHHoit no,neHKH cesepo-BOCTOqHOH Nat. Tolouse 118: 297-303. nOJIOBHHbI CCCP [Eine neue weiterverbreitete Ephemerop• TIENSUU, L. 1935. On the Ephemeroptera fauna of Laatokan terengattung aus nordlichen Gebieten der UdSSR]. - J(OKJI. Karjala (Karelia Ladogensis). - Ann. Entomo[. Fenn. 1: AH CCCP [Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. URSS] 4 (4): 3-23. 240-243. TiLLYARD, R.J. 1921. A new genus and species of May-fly (Order [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] qEPHOBA O.A. 1937. nO,neHKH .lI:Hinpa [Die Plectoptera) from Tasmania, belonging to the family Eintagsfliegen des Dnjepr-Flusses]. - Tp. ziOp06ioJl. cm AH Siphlonuridae. - Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 46: 409- YCCP [Trav. Stat. Hydrobiol. Acad Sci. RSS Ukraine] N2 15: 412, pI.34. 3-23. TILLYARD, R.J. 1923. Descriptions of two new species of may• [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] qEPHOBA O.A. 1938. HOBoe ceMeitCTBo flies (order Plectoptera) from New Zealand. - Trans. New no,neHOK (Ephemeroptera) I Sur une nouvelle familie Epheme• Zealand Inst. 54: 226-230. roptera. - H36. AH CCCP, cep. 6HOJI. [Bull. Acad. Sci. TILLYARD, R.J. 1932. Kansas Permian Insects. Part 15. The order URSS, ser.bioI.] N2 1: 129-137. Plectoptera. - Amer. Joum. Sci. (5) 23: 97-135, 237-272. [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] qEPHOBA O.A. 1948. 0 HOBOM po,ne H BH.1te TiLLYARD, R.J. 1933. The mayflies of Mount Kosciusko region. no,neHOK H3 6acceitHa AMypa (Ephemeroptera, Ametropo• I. (Plectoptera). Introduction and family Siphlonuridae. - didae). - J(OKJI. AH CCCP ["Doklady Akad. Nouk SSSR'1 60 Proc. Linn. Sac. New South Wales 58: 1-32, pI. 1. (8): 1453-1455. TILLYARD, R.J. 1936a. The Trout-Food Insects of Tasmania. Part [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] ~PHOBA O.A. 1949. HHM4IbI no,neHOK npH• II. - A monograph of the Mayflies of Tasmania. - Pap. & TOKOB TeJIell.Koro o3epa H p. JiHH. - Tpyobl 30OJIOZU'leCK020 Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1935: 23-59. uHcmumyma AH CCCP ["Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk TILLYARD, R.J. 1936b. Kansas Permian Insects. Part 16. The SSSR'17 (4): 139-158. order Plectoptera (contd.): The family Doteridae, with a note [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] ~PHOBA O.A. 1952. nO,neHKH (Epheme• on the affinities of the order Protohymenoptera. - Amer. roptera) 6acc. p. AMypa H npRJIex

3HmOMOJl. O603penue [Rev. EnlomoL URSSJ 40 (4): 858-869. Behningiidae)]. - 3HmOMOJI. O603penue [Rev. Entomol. [TSHERNOVA, O.A] lIEPHOBA OA 1962a JIHqIDfKa no,llCHICH H3 URSS] 39 (2): 410-416. HeoreHa 3anllJlHoA CH6HpH (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) [TSHERNOVA, OA & KLUGE N.J. & SINlTSHENKOVA, N.D. & [Ephemeroptera larvae from the Neogene of West Siberia BELOV, V.V.] 1JEPHOBA OA, Kmorr: H.IO., CHHH'lEHKOBA (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)]. - 300.n. )/(ypHan [Zool. H.A., EEJIOB B.B. 1986. Orpll.ll. Ephemeroptera - no~eHICH. - Zhurnalj 41 (6): 943-945. OnpeOenumeJlb HaceKOMbIX j(anbHezo Bocmolftl eccp, Jl., [TSHERNOVA, OA] t{EPHOBA OA 1962b. Orpll.ll. Ephemerop• Hayn ["Opredelitel' nasekomyh Dalnego Vostoka SSSR", tenL nO~eHKH. - OCH06M naneoHnumoeuu. ~eHHCTOHOrHe Leningrad, Nauka] YoU: 99-142. -rpaxellHble H XeJlHuepoBbie. (pe.n. Ii.E. Po~elUlOPcll). M., ~. [TSHERNOVA, O.A. &SINlTSHENKOVA, N.D.] lJEPHOBA O.A., AH CCCP ["Osn~ Paleontologii". Arthropoda Tracheata & ClfHH'IEHKOBA H.A. 1974. HOBblA po~ H BH.l\ HCKonaeMbiX Chelicerata. Publ. Acad. Sci. USSR]: 5~. nO,llCHOK ceMeACTBa Hexagenitidae (Ephemeroptera) c lOra [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] lIEPHOBA O.A. 1967. nO~eHKa COBpeMeH• eBponeHcKoA qacrn CCCP H CBlI3b HX C coBpeMeHHblMH HOro ceMeACTBa B lOpe 3a6ailKallMI [May-fly of the recent nO~eHKaMH [A new genus and species of the family family in Jurassic deposits of Transbaikalia (Ephemeroptera, Hexagenitidae (Ephemeroptera) from the south of the Siphlonuridae)]. - 3HmOMOJI. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomol. European part of the USSR and their relations recent ones].- URSS] 46 (2): 322-326. 3HmOMOJI. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomol. URSS] 53 (1): 130-136. [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1968. HOB811 nO~eHKa H3 TSUI, P.T.P. & HUBBARD, M.D. 1979. Feeding habits of the KapIlTllY. - lOpcKUe HaceKOMMe Kapamay, M., H3~. AH predaceous nymphs of Dolania americana in northwestern CCCP ['~urskie naskomye Karatau", Moskow, Publ. Acad. Florida (Ephemeroptera: Behningiidae). - Hydrobiologia 67: Sci. USSR]: 23-25. 119-123. [TSHERNOVA, O.A] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1969. HOBbie paaHelOpcMKHe TULLOCH, G.S. 1929. The proper use of the terms parapsides and no~eHKH (Ephemeroptera, Epeoromimidae H Mesonetidae) parapsidal furrows. - Psyche 36: 376-382. (New Early Jurassic may-flies (Ephemeroptera, Epeoromi• UENO, M. 1928. Some Japanese mayfly nymphs. - Mem. Coil. midae H Mesonetidae)]. - 3HmOMOJI. 0603peHue [Rev. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. (8) 4 (1): 19-63. Entomol. URSS] 48 (1): 153-161. UENO, M. 1931. Contribution to the knowledge of Japanese [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1970. 0 CHCTeMe O1pll~a EphemeroptenL - Annot. Zool. Japan. 13: 189-226, no~eHOK (Ephemeroptera), HCKonaeMblX H coBpeMeHHblx [On pI. 12-13. the classification of fossil and recent Ephemeroptera]. - UENO, M. 1969. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from various regions 3HmoMoJl. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomol. URSS] 49 (1): 124-145. of Southeast Asia - Orienta! Insects 3: 221-238. [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1971. nO.llCHKa H3 HCKonae• UJHELYI, S. 1960. Metreletus hungaricus sp.n., eine neue MoA CMOJlbl MeJlOBblX OTJlOXCeHHH nOJlllpHOH CH6HpH [Mayfly Eintagsfliege (Ephemeroptera) aus Ungam. - Acta Zool. from fossil pitch of Polar Siberia]. - 3HmoMoJl. 0603peHue Acad. Sci. Hungar. 6 (1-2): 199-209 [Rev. Entomol. URSS] 50 (3): 612--618. ULMER, G. 1904. Ephemeriden. - In: Ergebnisse der Hambur• [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1972. HeKOTOpble HOBbie ger Magalhaensische Sammelreise 7: 1-8. 83HIITCKHe BH~ nO.lleHOK (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, ULMER, G. 1914. Ordn. Ephemeroptera (Agnatha), Eintagstlie• Ephemerellidae) [Some new species of may-flies from Asia gen. - In: P. Brohmer. Fauna von Deutschland: 95-99. (Cit. (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ephemerellidae)]. ex: Hubbard 1990). 3HmoMOJI. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomo!. URSS] 51 (3): 604--614. ULMER, G. 1916. Ephemeropteren von Aquatorial-Afrika. - [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1974. PO.llOBOH COCTaB Arch. Naturgesch. (A) 81: 1-19. nO.lleHOK ceM. Heptageniidae B rOJlopKTHKe H OpHetmlJlbHOH ULMER, G. 1920a. Neue Ephemeropteren. - Arch. Naturgesch. o6J1acrn [The generic composition of may-flies of the family (A) 1919,85 (11): 1-80. Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) in the Holarctic and Oriental ULMER, G. 1920b. Ubersicht fiber die Gattungen der Ephemerop• Region]. - 3HmOMOJl. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomol. URSS] 53 teren nebst Bemerkungen fiber einzelne Arten. - Stett. (4): 801-814. Entomol. Zeit. 81 (1-2): 97-144. [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1976. Onpe.lleJlHTeJlbH811 ULMER, G. 1920c. Uber die Nymphen einiger exotischer Epheme• -ra6J1HLUl PO.llOB nO.lleHOK ceM. Heptageniidae rOJlapKTHKH H ropteren. -Festschriftfur Zschokke 25: 1-25. OpHetmlJlbHOH 06J1aCTH no JlHqHHKaM [A key to the larvae of ULMER, G. 1921. Uber einige Ephemeropteren-Typen lIIterer genera of Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) from Holarctic and Autoren. Arch. Naturgesch. (A) 87 (6): 229-267. Oriental Region]. - 3HmoMOJI. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomo!. ULMER, G. 1924a. Einige alte und neue Ephemeropteren. URSS] 55 (2): 332-346. Konowia 3 (1/2): 23-37. [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1977. CBoeo6p83Hble HOBbIe ULMER, G. 1924b. Trichopteren und Ephemeropteren. - In. JlHqHHKH nO.lleHOK (Ephemeroptera: Palingeniidae, Behnin• Wiss. Ergebn. von F. Werner unternomm. zool. Exped. anglo. giidae) H3 IOpbl 3a6aHKaJIbli . - flaneoHmoJl. )/(ypHan - Denkschr. Mathem.-Naturw. Klasse Akad. Wiss. Wien 99: [Paleontol. Joumalj N2 2: 91-96. 1-9 (Cit. ex: Hubbard 1990). [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1980. Orpll.ll Ephemerida ULMER, G. 1924c. Ephemeriden von den Sunda-Inseln und den Latreille, 1810. - In: MCTOpHqecKoe p83BHTHe KJlacca Philipinen. - Treubia 6 (1): 28-91. HaceKOMbIX. - Tp. ilaneoHmoJl. UH-ma AH CCCP ["Tru£(y ULMER, G. I 924d. Eine merkwurdige Ephemeriden-Nymphe aus Paleontol. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR'1175: 31-36. der Wolga - Pa60mbl BOJl:JICCKOU BuoJl. Cm., CapaToB [TSHERNOVA, O.A.] 1JEPHOBA O.A. 1981. K CHCTeMaTHKe HMaro ["Raboty Volzhskoy Bioi. St. ", Saratov] 7 (3): 1-8. nO.lleHOK pO.lla Epeorus Eaton 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Hepta• ULMER, G. 1925. Beitrtlge zur Fauna sinica 3. Trichopteren und geniidae) [On the systematics of adult mayflies of the genus Ephemeropteren. -Arch. Naturgesch. (A) 91 (5): 20-110. Epeorus Eaton 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)]. - ULMER, G. 1936. Neue chinesische Ephemeropteren, nebst 3HmoMoJl. 0603peHue [Rev. Entomo!. URSS] 60 (2): 323-336. Ubersicht fiber die bisher aus China bekannten Arten. - [TSHERNOVA, O.A. &BAJKOVA, O.JA.] 1JEPHOBA O.A., EAHKOBA Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 10: 201-215. 0.51. 1960. 06 O.llHOM HOBOM pO.lle nO.lleHOK (Ephemeroptera, ULMER, G. 1938. Chilenische Ephemeropteren, hauptsachlich aus Behningiidae) [On a new genus of may-flies (Ephemeroptera, dem Deutschen Entomologischen Institut, Berlin-Dahlem. - 407

Arb. Morpho/' Taxon. Entomo!' Berlin-Dahlem 5 (2): 85-108. WHALLEY, P.E.S.&JARZEMBOWSKI, E.A. 1985. Fossil insects ULMER G. 1939. Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den from the lithographic limestone of Montsech (Late Jurassic - Sunda-Inseln. - Arch. Hydrobiol. Supp1.l6: 443-692, fig. 1- Early Cretaceous), Lerida Province, Spain. - Bull. Brit. Mus. 469, 4 tab. Nat. Hist. (Geol.) 38 (5): 381-412. ULMER, G. 1942. Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeroptera) WHITING, E.R. & LEHMKUHL, D.M. 1987a. Raptoheptagenia aus Sild- und Mittelamerika (Teil I). - Stettiner Entomo/. cruentata, gen. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Hepatgeniidae), new Zeit. 103: 98-128. association of the larvae previously thought to be Anepeorus ULMER, G. 1943. Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) with the adult of Heptagenia cruentata Walsh. - Canad. aus Sud- und Mittelamerika (Teil II). - Stettiner Entomol. Entomol. 119: 405-407. Zeit. 104: 14-46. WHITING, E.R. & LEHMKUHL, D.M. 1987b. Acanthomola pubes• VAYSSIERE, A. 1881. Etude sur I'etat parfait du Prosopistoma cens, a new genus and species of Heptageniidae (Ephemerop• punctifrons. -Ann. Sci. Nat. Zoo/. Ser.6, 11: 1-15, PI.I. tera) from western Canada. - Canad. Entomol. 119: VAYSSIERE, A. 1890. Monographie zoologique et anatomique du 409-417. genre Prosopistoma Latr.. - Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Ser.7, 9: WIERSEMA, N.A. & MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 2000. Generic revision of 19-87, PI. 2-5. the North and Central American Leptohyphidae. - Trans. VIA, L. & CALSADA, S. 1987. Arthropods fossiles de triasicos de Amer. Entomol. Soc. 126 (3+4): 337-371. Alcover-Montral I. Insectos. - Cuadernos Geo/. Iberica 11: WILLIAMSON, H. 1802. On the Ephoron leukon, usually called the 273-280. white fly of the Passaick River. - Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. WALSH, B.D. 1862. List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois 5: 71-73. contained in the cabinet of the writer, with descriptions of Wu, W.-Y. & You, D.-S. 1986. A new genus and species of over forty new species, and notes on their structural affinities. Potamanthidae from China (Ephemeroptera). - Acta - Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: 361-402. Zootaxonomica Sinica 11: 401-405. WALSH, B.D. 1863. Observations on certain N. A. Neuroptera, by YOON, LB. &BAE, Y.1. 1984. The classification of Heptageniidae H. Hagen, M. D., of Koenigsberg, Prussia; translated from the (Ephemeroptera) in Korea. - Entomo!' Res. Bull., Korean original French ms., and published by permission of the Entomol. Inst., Korea Univ. 10: 1-34. author, with notes and descriptions of about twenty new N. A. YOON, LB. &BAE, Y.1. 1985. The classification of Ephemeroidea sp. of Pseudoneuroptera. - Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philadelphia (Ephemeroptera) in Korea. - Entomol. Res. Bull., Korean 2: 167-272. Entomol. Inst., Korea Univ. 11: 93-109. WALTZ, R.D.&MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 1987d. New genera of YOON, LB. &BAE, Y.J. 1988. The classification of the Epheme• Baetidae for Nearctic species previously included in Baetis rellidae (Ephemeroptera) in Korea. - Entomol. Res. Bull., Leach (Ephemeroptera). - Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 80 (5): Korean Entomol. Inst., Korea Univ. 14: 23-44. 667-670. You, DA-SHOU 1984. A revison of genus Potamanthodes with a WANG, T.-Q.&McCAFFERTY, W.P. 1995a Specific assignment description of two new species (Ephemeroptera, Potaman• in Ephemerellina and Vietnamella (Ephemeroptera, Epheme• thidae). - In: V. Landa, T. Soldan & M. Tonner (eds.). Proc. rellidae). -Entomol. News 106 (4): 193-194. 4th Int. Con! Ephemeroptera, Bechyne, 4-10 Sptember 1983. WANG, T.-Q.&McCAFFERTY, W.P. 1995b. Relationships of the Czechoslovak Acad. Sci., Cseske Budejovice: 101-107. Athropleidae, Heptageniidae, and Pseudironidae (Ephemerop• [YOY, DA-SHOU &SU, CUI-RONG 1987. A new species of Vietna• tera: Heptagenioidea). - Entomol. News 106 (5): 251-256. mella from China]. - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 12 (2): WANG, T.-Q.&MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 1995c. First larval descrip• 17~180 (in Chinese). tions, new species and evaluation of the southeast Asian genus [ZHANG, JUN. 1988. On the discovery of Eatonigenia (Epheme• Atopopus (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). - Bull. Soc. Hist. roptera: Ephemeridae) in China]. - Journ. Nanjing Normal Nat. Toulouse 131: 19-25. Univ., Nat. Sci. 3: 67-68 (In Chinese). WANG, T.-Q.&McCAFFERTY, W.P. 1996a. New genus of Telo• ZHOU, CHANG-FA & PETERS, J. 2003. The nymph of Siphluriscus ganodinae (Ephemeroptera: Pannota: Ephemerellidae) from chinensis and additional imaginal description: a living mayfly Sri Lanka. -Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 132: 15-18. with Jurassic ongm (Siphluriscidae new family: WANG, T.-Q. & MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 1996b. New diagnostic Ephemeroptera). - Florida Entomologist 86: 345-352. characters for the family Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). - ZHOU, CHANG-FA&ZHENG, LE-YI 2000. A new species of the Entomol. News 107 (4): 207-212. genus Neoephemera McDunnough from China (Ephemerop• WANG, T.-Q.&MCCAFFERTY, W.P. 1996c. Redescription and tera: Neoephemeridae) - Aquatic Insects 23 (4): 327-332. reclassification of the South American mayfly Melanemerella ZIMMER, C. 1897. Die Facettenaugen der ephemeriden. - brasiliana (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). - Entomol. Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. 63: 23~262, Taf.XII-XIII. News 107 (2): 99-103. ZLOTY, J. 1996. A revision of the Nearctic Ameletus mayflies WANG, T.-Q.&MCCAFFERTY, W.P.&BAE, Y.1. 1997. Sister based on adult males, with description of seven new species relationships of the Neoephemeridae and Caenidae (Epheme• (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae). - Canad. Entomo/. 128: roptera: Pannota). - Entomol. News 108 (1): 52-56. 293-346. WANG, T.-Q. & MCCAFFERTY, W.P. & EDMUNDS, G.F., JR. 1995. ZLOTY, J. 1997. Larvae and adults of Ameletus mayflies (Ephe• Larva and adult of Teloganella (Ephemeroptera: Pannota) and meroptera, Ameletidae) from Alberta. - Canad. Entomol. assessment of familial classification. - Ann. Entomol. Soc. 129: 251-289. Amer. 88 (3): 324-327. ZURWERRA, A. & TOMKA, I. 1985. Electrogena gen. nova, eine WESTWOOD, J.O. 1840. An introduction to the modern classifi• neue Gattung der Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). cation of insects. - Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Entomol. Ber. Luzern 1985 (13): 99-104. Longmans, London. Vol.l-2. ALPHABETIC INDEXES

Index of species names

Species names belonging to Turbanoculata and Leptophlebialfgl apart of those mentioned in the text, are not listed here. As in the whole book, species names are given in their original combinations and with original endings. For each species name, after a dash ("-"), its place in the book is indicated: For each type species of a genus-group name (valid or invalid) is given a corresponding genus-group name after the words "typus nominis" (i.e. type species of the name ... ). In a few cases instead of "typus nominis" is written "typ.nom.". For each non-type species listed as belonging to a certain taxon is given a name of this taxon after the preposition "in". For a junior synonym is given the oldest synonym after the abbreviation "syn.". Abbreviation "INC.SED." means "INCERTAE SEDIS".

A albertae [Iron] - typus nominis Albertiron aapta [Mirawara] - typus nominis Mirawara albescens [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesialg2 abnormis [Heptagenia] - syn.lyriformis [Ecc:%nurus] albicans [Ephemera] - in Campsuruslfg3 abnormis [Lachlania] - typus nominis Lachlania albicauda [Heptagenia] - subsp. sulphurea [Ephemera] abracadabrus [&c:%nurus] - in Afronuruslgl albifilum [Palingenia] - in Campsuruslfg3 abraxas [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 albilineatus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl abyssinicus [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 albitarsus [Euphyurus] - typus nominis Euphyurus acmoptera [Cretoneta] - in Cretonetalgl albivitta [Baelis] - in Pseudeatonicalg(l) aculea [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl albomanicatus [Chirotonetes] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] aculeatus [Epeorus] - in Epeoruslfg4 albostriata [Serratella] - in Uracanthellalgl acuminatum [Protechma] - typus nominis Protechma albrighti [Ametropus] - in Ametropuslfg( 1) adequata [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialm=g7 albus [Leptohyphes] - syn. tacajalo [Leptohyphes] adrianae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 alderensis [Isonychia] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. adusta [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulalgl alexandrae [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 adusta [Fittkauneuria] - in Fittkauneurialg(l) alexandri [Epeorus] - in Ironlg2 adusta [Povilla] - typus nominis Povilla alicae [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 aeneus [Potamanthus] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] allata [Mesobaetis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. aenigmatica [Xenophlebia] - typus nominisXenophlebia allecta [Caenis] - in Tricorythodeslfgl aequatorialis [Ephemera] - in Afromeralgl allegheniense [Stenonema] - syn. ithaca [Heptagenia] aequivocus [Ameletus] - syn. sparsatus [Ameletus] alleghensis [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl aerodromia [Siphlonisca] - typus nominis Siphlonisca alieni [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. aesculus [Epeorus] - in Ironlg2 alieni [Homoeoneuria] - in Homoeoneurialg2 aestiva [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 alieni [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. aestivalis [Siphlurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 allobrogica [Rhithrogena] - syn. intermedia [Rhithrogena] aetherea [Chimura] - typus nominis Chimura alpestris [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) aethereus [&c:%nurus] - in Afronuruslgl alpestris [Rhithrogena] - in Rbithrogenalfg4 aethiopica [Caenis] - Furcatergaliae INC.SED. alpicola [Heptagenia] - in Ironopsislg2 affiliata [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] alpicola [Rhithrogena] - syn. alpestris [Rhithrogena] affine [Stenonema] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] alpinus [Ameletus] - syn. inopinatus [Ameletus] affinis [&c:%nurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) alpinus [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 africana [Hexameropsis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. alpinus [Iron] - syn. alpicola [Heptagenia] africanum [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl =g2 altaica [Cinygmula] - syn. cavum [Cinygma] africanus [Phtharthus] - in Euplectoptera INC. SED. altaicus [Ameletus] (in litt.) - in Ameletuslfg2 africanus [Xyrodromeus] - typus nominis Xyrodromeus altana [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. afrosetosa [Clypeocaenis] - in Clypeocaenislg3 alter [Metretopus] - in Metretopuslfg2 agilis [Edmundrius] - typus nominis Edmundsius alternata [Baetis] - typus nominis Siphlurella alabamae [Stenonema] - syn. exiguum [Stenonema] allicolus [Ameletus] - syn. celer [Ameletus] alba [Baetis] - in PolymitarcysltJ=Ephoronlg4 amabilis [Rhoenanthus] - typus nominis Rhoenanthodes albai [Se"atella] - in Uracanthellalgl amador [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 albata [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. amazonicus [Campsurus] - syn. curta [Palingenia]

409 410 INDEX amazonicus [Oligoneurioides] - typ.nom. Oligoneurioides apicalis [Loxoph/ebia] - typus nominis Loxoph/ebia ambinintsoae [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuslfgS apicatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus INC.SED. americana [Dolania] - typus nominis Dolania apopsis [E;phemerella] - in Ephemerella/fgJ INC.SED. americana [KukalOlla] - typus nominis Kukalova aquilis [Corwhorus] -typus nominis Corwhorus amica [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 aquilonius [Haplohyphes] - in Haplohypheslg(l) amica [Rhithrogena] - in Rbitbrogena/fgJ INC.SED. arabica [Isonychia] - in Isonychia/fg2 ammophila [Oligoneuria] - in Homoeoneurialg2 arcticus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=gJ ammophilus [Ametropus] - in Ame1ropuslfg(l) arctus [Ironodes] - in Ironodeslg(l) ampla [Campylocia] - syn. anceps [Euthyplocia] arcuata [Tasmanocoenis] - in Brachycaenislg(l) ampla [Palingenia] - in Anagenesialg2 arcuatus [Rekter] - typus nominis Rekter ampla [Rhithrogena] - in Rbitbrogena/fg3 INC.SED. areion [Stenonema] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] amplectus [Mesobaetis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. arenosa [Torleya] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. amseli [Epeiron] - typus nominis Epeiron arequita [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl amseli [Sigmoneuria] ares [Stenonema] - syn. terminatum [Palingenia] - typus nominis Sigmoneuria argentata [Caenis] - in NOMINADUBIA - syn. perjlova [Heptagenia] argentina [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 amurensis [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 argentinus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 amurensis [Ephemera] - syn. orientalis [Ephemera] argillosa [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. annandalei [Polymitarcys] - in Polymitarcyslf3=Ephoron/g4 argo [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. anatolica [Palingenia] - in Palingenialf4=g3 arida [Haetis] - in Isonychialfg2 anatolica [Rhithrogena] - in Epeiron/g(l) armatus [SljJhlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 anatolicus [Ecdyonurus] - in Elcctrogenalg(l) armeniacus [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) anatolii [Epeorus] - typus nominis Proepeorus aronii [Ephemerella] - syn. aurivillii [Chitonophora] anceps [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 arsenjevi [Heptagenia] - syn.jlOlla [Heptagenia] anceps [Euthyplocia] - typus nominis Campylocia artigas [Tricorythopsis] - typus nominis Tricorythopsis anceps [SljJhlurus] -typus nominis Metamonius asiacentralis [Ameletus] - syn. alexandrae [Ameletus] andaluciaca [Drunella] - syn. ikonomovi [Ephemerella] asiaeminoris [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 andamanensis [Povilla] - in Asthenopuslfgl asiatica [Protobehningia] - typus nominis Protobehningia andersoni [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 asiatica [Rhithrogena] - syn. stackelbergi [Rhithrogena] andrianovae [Cinygmula] - syn. malaisei [Cinygma] asiaticum [Cinygma] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. androsianus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 aspera [Caenis] - in CaenislfO=g4 angelieri [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 aspersus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyogymnuruslg(l) angulata [Baetis] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] asperu/us [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. angulata [Rhithrogena] - syn. stackelbergi [Rhithrogena] aspoecki [Ecdyonurus] - in Elcctrogenalg(l) angulata [Wundacaenis] - in Caenislg4=g2 INC.SED. assamensis [Cinygmina] - typus nominis Cinygmina angulatus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl assimilis [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 angusta [Ephemerella] - syn. tibialis [Ephemerella] assimilis [Epeorus] - in Epeoruslfg4 angustata [Ephemerella] - syn. tibialis [Ephemerella] assimilis [Spaniophlebia] - in Spaniophlebialg(l) angustatus [Siberiogenites] - typus nominis Siberiogenites atagosana [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg5 angustipennis [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA atlantica [Cinygma] - syn. subaequalis [Heptagenia] animosa [Manohyphella] - in Melanemerellalfgl atratus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 annamense [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 atrata [Tricorythus] - syn. allecta [Caenis] annandalei [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll atrescens [Ephemerella] - syn. deficiens [Ephemerella] annexum [Stenonema] - syn. modestus [Heptagenia] atrocaudata [Hexagenia] - in Hexagenialfg3 annulata [Baetis] - syn. alternata [Baetis] atrostoma [Palingenia] - in Anteritorna INC.SED. annulata [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. attenuata [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Attenella annulata [Isonychia] - syn. georgiae [Isonychia] atypica [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. annulifora [Palingenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. auberti [Proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocialg(l) anomala [Baetis] - typus nominis Cronicus aurantiaca [Haetis] - in EcdyonuruS/fg2 anomala [Oligoneuria] - typus nominis Oligoneuria aurarius [Ecdyonurus] - typus nominis Thamnodontus anomala [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. auratus [Potamanthindus] antalyensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) - typus nominis Potamanthindus antelucana [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 - syn. obscurus [Rhoenanthus] antiqua [Mesoneta] - typus nominis Mesoneta aurea [Isonychia] - syn. similis [Isonychia] antiqua [Neoephemera] - Age ofNeoephemera/fgl aurivillii [Chitonophora] - in Ephemerellalfg5 antoniae [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 australis [Ephemera] - typus nominis Atalophlebia antuensis [Ephemerella] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] australis [Polymitarcys] - syn. indica [Palingenia] apache [Leptohyphes] - syn. zalope [Leptohyphes] australis [Tricorythus] - in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED. apatris [Palingenia] - in Palingenialf4=g3 austriaca [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 aphrodite [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocutalg2 austriacus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 apicalis [Ephemera] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] austrinus [Nesameletus] - in Nesameletuslf2=Metamoniuslg2 SPECIES NAMES 411 autumnalis [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 bibisiea [Tritogenesia] - typus nominis Tritogenesia autumnalis [Ephemerella] - syn. spinifera [Ephemerella] bicaudata [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 autumnalis [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 bicaudatum [Afroptilum] - typus nominis Mieksiops axil/aris [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. bieolor [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 axil/ata [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. bieolor [Ichthybotus] - in Ichthybotuslfg(l) ayadi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 bieolor [Neoephemera] - typus nominis Neoephemera azerbajdshanicus [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) bicolor [Palingenia] - in lsonychialfg2 B bicoloroides [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 bachofoni [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. bicornis [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 baekdu [Ecdyonurus] - in Notacanthuruslg(l) bicornis [Ephemerella] - syn. eryptomeria [Ephemerella] bajaensis [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 bifaseiatum [Centroptilum] - typus nominis Centroptiloides bajkovae [Ecdyonurus] - syn. zhiltzovae [Paracinygmula] bifasciatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. bajkovae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 biforcata [Ephemerella] - syn. sachalinensis [E.] bajkovi [Baetisca] - syn. lacustris [Baetisca] biforeatus [Epeorus] - in Epeoruslfg4 balcanicus [Metretopus] - in Metreletus/g(l) biguttatus [Misthodotes] - in Permoplectoptera baltica [Cinygma] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. bilineata [Baetis] - in Hexagenialfg3 barbaroides [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 bilineatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus INC.SED. barbarus [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 bil/i [Proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocialg(l) barbus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodes/fgl binerve [Rhithrogena] - in Epeironlg(l) baritu [Haplohyphes] - in Haplohyphes/g( 1) binotata [Rhithrogena] - syn. lepnevae [Rhithrogena] barnardi [Afronurus] - in Afronurus/gl binotatus [Siphlurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 barnardi [Ephemerellina] - typus nominis Ephemerellina bipunctata [Cinygma] - in Arthroplealfg( 1) bartoni [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Dentatella bipunctata [Heptagenia] - syn.flava [Heptagenia] basalis [Baetis] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) bipunctatus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. terminatum [Palingenia] basalis [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl birdi [Stenonema] - syn.femorata [Baetis] basiri [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC. SED. birmanica [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesialg2 baskale [Oligoneuriella] - syn. tskhomelidzei [0.] birmanus [Polymitarcys] - in Polymitarcyslt3=Ephoronlg4 basuto [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 bisetosa [Clypeoeaenis] - typus nominis Clypeoeaenis bauernfoindi [Serratella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC. SED. bishopi [Caenoculis] - typus nominis Caenoculis baumanni [Leptohyphes] - syn. mirus [Leptohyphes] bishopi [Thalerosphyrus] - in Ecdyonurus/fgl INC. SED. becki [Baetisca] - in Baetiscalt3=g2 bispina [Ephemerella] - syn. walkeri [Ephemerella] bednariki [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) bispinosus [Epeorus] - in Epeorus/fg4 beipiaoensis [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. blanda [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll belfiorei [Caenis] - syn. pseudorivulorum [Caenis] boanovae [Laehlania] - in Lachlanialgl belfiorei [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 bocainensis [Campylocia] - in Campylocialg(l) belgica [Torleya] bogoescui [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 - typus nominis Torleya boja [Ephemerella] - in Rhionellalg(l) - syn. major [Ephemerella] bollenganus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. helveticus [Ecdyurus] bella [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 boluensis [Electrogena] - in Electrogenalg(l) bella [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/g2 borakensis [Ephemerella] - syn. submontana [E.] bellieri [Baetis] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 borealis [Eatonia] - typus nominis Eatonia bellum [Stenonema] - syn. mexieana [Heptagenia] borealis [Heptagenia] - in Metretopus/fg2 bellus [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 boreus [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 bellus [Tortopus] - in Tortopuslg(l) borneonia [Epeorella] - typus nominis Epeorella benedicta [Hexagenia] - syn. albivitta [Baetis] borystheniea [Oligoneuriella] - typ.nom. Oligoneurisea bengalensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. bothmeri [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) benkerti [Geisfoldiella] - typus nominis Geisfeldiella braaschi [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) bequerti [Adenophlebia] - in Notonuruslg braaschi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 bereniee [Siphlonurus] - syn. typieus [Siphlurus] brasiliana [Melanemerella] - typus nominis Melanemerella bernardezi [Epeorus] - syn. torrentium [Epeorus] brasilianus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 berneri [Baetisca] - in Baetiscalt3=g2 braueri [Phaeelobranchus] berneri [Braehyeereus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 - typus nominis Phaeelobranchus berneri [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 - syn. trisetalis [Ephemeropsis] berneri [Ephemerel/a] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. brenneriana [Rhithrogena] - syn. alpestris [Rhithrogena] berneri [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. brevicauda [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA berneri [Isonychia] - in Isonychialfg2 brevipes [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 berolinensis [Ephemera] - syn. venosa [Ephemera] brevissimus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. beskidensis [Caenis] - syn. pseudorivulorum [Caenis] brincki [Ephemerellina] - in Melanemerellalfgl beskidensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 britoi [Palaeobaetodes] - in Hexageniteslfgl betteni [Potamanthus] - syn. vertieis [Baetis] brocha [Eburella] - typus nominis Eburella beybienkoi [Epeoromimus] - in Euplectoptera INC. SED. brodskyi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 412 INDEX brodskyi [S,phlonurus] - syn. palaearcticus [Oniscigaster] castellana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 browni [AfrocaenU] - in Afrocaenis/g(l) catalaunica [Rhithrogena] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. browni [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 catawba [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. bruchi [Leptohyphes] - syn. eximius [Leptohyphes] catherinae [Caenis] - in Caenis/f4=g2 INC.SED. bruchianus [Campsurus] - in Tortopuslg(l) caucasica [Cinygma] - typus nominis Caucasiron brunnea [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl caucasica [Habroleptoides] - in Habroleptoideslg(l) brunnea [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll caucasica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 brunnea [Heptagenia] - in Sihirigenalg(l) caudatus [Proameletus] - typus nominis Proameletus brunnea [Macdunnoa] - in Ma.cdunnoalg(l) cavum [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulalgl brunneotincta [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 cedrensis [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 brunnescens [Melanameletus] celer [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 - typus nominis Melanameletus celeroides [Ameletus] - syn. celer [Ameletus] - syn. karelica [Eurylophella] cellulosa [Ephemera] - typus nominis Stenodicranum brunneum [Siphloplecton] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) centralis [Pseudiron] - typus nominis Pseudiron brunneus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. cephalota [Promirara] - typus nominis Promirara bulgarica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 cerea [Baetis] - syn. longicauda [Baetis] bullocki [Euthyplocia] - in Anteritoma INC. SED. cervina [Cinygmina] - in Afronuruslgl bullus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl chamie [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 buresi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 changbaishanensis [Ephemerella] - in Uracantbellalgl burmeisteri [Caenis] - in Caenisl:ffi=g4 chankae [S,phlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 burmeisteri [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 chantauense [Ephemerella] (in litt.) - in Torleyalg2 burmeisteri [Euthyplocia] - syn. anceps [Euthyplocia] chaperi [Anagenesia] - syn. ampla [Palingenia] C chaperi [Hexagenia] - typus nominis Eatonigenia cacautana [Alloydia] - typus nominis Alloydia chelifer [Parameletus] - typus nominis Parameletus caenoides [Neoephemeropsis] - typ.nom Neoephemeropsis cherokee [Ephemerella] - syn. tuberculata [Ephemerella] cahabensis [Homoeoneuria] - in Homoeoneurialg2 chihpenensis [Afronurus] - in Afronuruslgl calabra [Electrogena] - in Electrogenalg(l) chinei [Heterogenesia] - typus nominis Heterogenesia cali/ornica [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] chinensis [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 cali/ornicus [Heptagenia (Epeorus)] - in Ironodes/g(l) chinensis [Potamanthellus] - in Potamantbelluslgl callineura [Hexagenia] - in Pseudeatonicalg(l) chinensis [Siphluriscus] - typus nominis S,phluriscus callosa [Baetisca] - in Baetiscalf3=g2 chinoi [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. calyptrata [Leptoneta] - typus nominis Leptoneta chiriguano [Tricorythopsis] - in Tricorythopsis/g(l) cambocijensis [Povilla] - in AstbenopUS/fgl chironomi/ormis [Brachycercus] - in NOMINA DUBIA campestris [Isonychia] - in lsonychialfg2 ch/orotica [Ephemera] - syn. lutea [Ephemera] campylociella [Polyplocia] - in Polyplocialg(l) choctawhatchee [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. camtschaticus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 christina [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] canadensis [Baetis] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] christineae [Hyrtanella] - typus nominis Hyrtanella candelata [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 cibaria [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 candida [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 cibaria [Caenis] auct. - syn. ulmeri [Caenodes] candida [Elassoneuria] - in Elassoneurialg2 cigana [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 candidum [Stenonema] - in Stenacronlg(l) cincta [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 cantabilis [Clavineta] - typus nominis Clavineta cincta [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 capensis [Austrocaenis] - typus nominis Austrocaenis cingulatus [Thalerosphyrus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. capensis [Polymitarcys] - syn. savignyi [Palingenia] circe [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] carina [Fittkauneuria] - typus nominis Fittkauneuria circumfluus [Tortopus] - in Tortopus/g(l) carinatus [Epeorus] - in Beloviuslg2 circumtatrica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 carinus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 citima [Clavineta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. carloi [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC. SED. citrina [Ephemera] - syn.flava [Heptagenia] carlsoni [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) clara [Stackelbergisca] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. carnivora [Rhithrogena] (in litt.) - in Himalogenalg(l) claudus [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 carolina [Baetisca] - in Baetiscalf3=g2 clava [Clephemera] - typus nominis Clephemera carolina [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. cobbi [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodes/fgl carolina [Heptagenia] - in Stenacronlg(l) codinai [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 carolina [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] coerulans [Heptagenia] - typus nominis Dacnogenia carpathicus [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 cognata [Ephemera] - syn. danica [Ephemera] carpatoalpina [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 cognata [Ephemerella] - syn. teresa [Ephemerella] carpenteri [Lithoneura] - in Syntonopteralfgl coheri [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Crinitella cascadia [Ephemerella] - in Caudatellalg(l) colasi [Spinirythus] - in Spinirythuslg(l) cassus [Palaeometropus] - typus nominis Palaeometropus collarti [Adenophlebia] - in Afronuruslgl castanea [Ephemerella] - syn.levanidovae [Ephemerella] collarti [Caenis] - syn.longus [Tricorythus] castaneus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED. colmarsensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 SPECIES NAMES 413

coloradensis [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Myllonella costalis [Baetis] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] colorata [Mogzonurella] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. costalis [Chimura] - in Ameletuslfg2 colossa [Cincticostella] - in Ephacerellalg(l) costaricanus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. columbiae [Parameletus] - in Parameletuslfg2 costata [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. columbiana [Baetisca] - in Baetiscalt3=g2 coxalis [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 columbianus [Cercobrachys] - in Brachycercuslfl =g3 coxalis [Heptagenia] - syn. elegantula [Rhithrogena] columbianus [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 crassi [Centroptilum] - typus nominis Demoulinia columbiella [Ephemerella] - syn. heterocaudata [E.] crassi [Eatonica] - in Eatonicalfg2 comatus [Leptohyphes] - syn. maculatus [Leptohyphes] crassi [Ephemerellina] - typus nominis Nadinetella comitissa [Rhithrogena] - syn. gorrizi [Rhithrogena] crassi [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 commodema [Ephemerella] - in Notacanthellalg(l) crassinervis [Po/yp/ocia] - syn. campy/ociella [P.] communis [Ephemera] - syn. vulgata [Ephemera] crassiuscu/a [Jsonychia] (in litt.) - in Isonychialfg2 compar [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll cree [Cercobrachys ]-in Brachycercuslfg 1 compressa [Neoephemera] - in Neoephemeralfg2 crenula [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. comus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodes/fgl cretaceous [Epeoromimus] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. concii [Heptagenia] - syn. lateralis [Baetis] criddlei [Heptagenia] - in Mghanuruslg2 concinnata [Ephemerella] - syn. aurivillii [Chitonophora] cristatus [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 condylus [Tricorythodes] - typus nominis Tricoryhyphes cristatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Notacanthurus/g(l) conestee [Ephemerella] - syn. tuberculata [Ephemerella] cristatus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl conjinis [Ecdyonurus] - syn.fuscogrisea [Ephemera] croaticus [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 con/usa [Cinygma] - syn. par [Cinygma] crocerus [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 con/usus [Iron] - syn. pleuralis [Heptagenia (Epeorus)] croesus [Siph/onuroides] - typus nominis Siphlonuroides congener [Arthroplea] - typus nominis Arthroplea cruentata [Heptagenia] - typus nominis Raptoheptagenia congolana [Afromera] - typus nominis Afromera cryptomeria [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl congolana [Elassoneuria] - in Elassoneurialg2 cryptostimulus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 co,yunctum [Stenonema] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] cuaraoensis [Neoephemeropsis] connectina [Ameletus] - syn. velox [Ameletus] - syn. amabilis [Rhoenanthus] connectus [Ame/etus] - syn. ve/ox [Ame/elus] cubensis [Caenis] (in litt.) - in Caenislf6=g4 consimilis [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. cubensis [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodes/fgl consors [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll culacantha [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 consortis [Leptohyphes] - syn. sabinas [Leptohyphes] cuniana [Caenis] - in Caenis/f4=g2 INC.SED. continua [Palingenia] - syn. albivitta [Baetis] cupulata [Heptagenia] - typus nominis Paegniodes convergens [Ecdyonurus] - syn.foscogrisea [Ephemera] curiosus [Leptohyphes] - Tricorythodes/fgl coold [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 curta [Palingenia] - typus nominis Asthenopus coolooli [Irpacaenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. curta [Pinctodia] - typus nominis Pinctodia cooperi [Notonurus] curtus [Afronurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. - typus nominis Notonurus curvatulus [Epeorus] - in Iron/g2 - syn. bequerti [Adenophlebia] curvatulus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl corana [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. cuspidalus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 corbeti [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 cuyuniensis [Campsurus] - in Campsurus/fg3 corcontica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 cyanops [Baetis] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] coreanus [Potamanthus] - in Rhoenanthus/gl D corniger [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl =g3 dabieshanensis [Vietnamella] - in Vietnamellalfg(l) cornigera [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. daedaleus [Epeorus] - syn. ermolenkoi [Epeorus] cornuta [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl dagestanica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 cornuta [Ordella] - in Caenis/f6=g4 dalecarlica [Heptagenia] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] cornutella [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl dallasi [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 cornutus [Ephemerella] nom.preaocc. dama [Cinygmina] - in Afronurus/gl - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. dangi [Caenoculis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. cornulus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfg2 danica [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll corporaali [Asthenopus] - typus nominis Languidipes danutae [Dentatella] - in Dentatellalg(l) corpulenta [Caenis] - in Caenis/f4=g2 INC. SED. daterrai [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 corpulenta [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. davidi [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. corpulentus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl davidi [Siphluriscus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 corratiniae [Cratogenites] - typus nominis Cratogenites davidica [Heptagenia] - in Anteritorna INC.SED. corsicus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 dayongensis [Epeorus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. cortensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 deani [Jrpacaenis] - typus nominis Irpacaenis corumbanus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 decaryi [Anagenesia] - typus nominis Cheirogenesia costale [Dicercomyzon] - in Dicercomyzonlfg( 1) deceptiva [Cinygma] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. costalense [Siphloplecton] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) decolorata [Palingenia] - in Campsuruslfg3 costalimai [Palaeobaetodes] - typ.nom. Pa/aeobaetodes decolorata [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 414 INDEX decora [Fphemera] - syn. simulans [Ephemera] doddsi [Ephemerella] - typos nominis Eatonella decora [Rhitlvogena] - in Sibirigenalg(l) doddsi [Rhitlvogena] - syn. hageni [Rhitlvogena] decorus [Sq,hlonurus] - in Sipblonuruslfg4 doddsianus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 deficiens [Ephemerel/a] - in Uracantbellalgl dodecus [Ichthybotus] - in Ameletuslfg2 degrangei [Rhitlvogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 dolani [Homoeoneuria] - in Homoeoneuria/g2 deguernei [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistoma/fl=g2 dolani [LeptohJphes] - in Leptobypbes/fgl INC.SED. delantala [Fphemerella] - in Attenellalfg(l) dolosa [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 delclosi [Cratogenitoides] - typos nominis Cratogenitoides dominans [Hexagenia] - syn. albivitta [Baetis] delicata [Caenis] - syn.latipennis [Caenis] dominans [Iron] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. delicata [Ephemerella] - syn.levanidovae [Ephemerella] dominguezi [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 delicata [Plethogenesia] - in Plethogenesialgl dominguezi [HaplohJphes] - in Haplobypbes/g(l) delicatulus [Eudoter] - typos nominis Eudoter dominguezi [Lochlania] - in Lachlania/gl delphinensis [Rhitlvogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 dorieri [Rhitlvogena] - in Rbithrogena/fg4 demarayi [Siphlonurus] - in Sipblonuruslfg4 doris [Ephemerella] - syn. temporalis [Ephemerella] demoori [Barnardara] - typos nominis Barnardara dorothea [Ephemerella] - in Epbemerella/fg3 INC.SED. demoulini [Aenigmephemera] - typ.nom. Aenigmephemera dorsalis [Cinygma] - in Cinygmula/gl demoulini [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. dorsalis [Palingenia] - in Campsuruslfg3 dencyanna [Lachlania] - in Lacblanialgl dorsigera [Palingenia] - syn. albivitta [Baetis] densivena [Palinephemera] - typos nominis Palinephemera dostini [Wundacaenis] - typos nominis Wundacaenis dentata [Fphemerella] - syn. atagosana [Ephemerella] douglasi [Caenis] - syn. ulmeri [Caenodes] dentata [Heptagenia] - syn.joernensis [Ecdyurus] dracon [Ecdyonurus] - in Thamnodontuslg(l) dentata [Teloganodes] - in Teloganodeslfgl dubiloca [Denina] - typos nominis Denina denticula [Fphemerella] - syn. atagosana [Ephemerella] dubiosus [Sq,hlonurus] - Age ofSiphlonuruslfgl denysae [Eatonica] - in Eatonicalfg2 duerensis [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriella/g2 depressa [Ephemerella] - syn. cornuta [Ephemerella] dulciana [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. desertus [Caenis] (in litt.) - in Caenislf6=g4 duodecima [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 determinata [Baetis] - typos nominis Thalerosphyrus duplicatus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 deusta [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. duporti [Ephemera] - in Epbemera/fgll dewalschei [Electrogenia] - typus nominis Electrogenia E diabasia [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 eatoni [Adenophlebia] - syn. bequerti [Adenophlebia] diaphana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 eatoni [Ametropus] - in Ametropuslfg(l) diaphanus [Potamanthus] - syn. verticis [Baetis] eatoni [Chiloporter] - typus nominis Chiloporter dicinctus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptobypbeslfgl INC.SED. eatoni [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED. diehli [Compsoneuria] - in Mgbanuruslgl INC.SED. eatoni [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 diehliana [Rhitlvogena] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. echinatus [LeptohJphes] - syn. setosus [Leptohyphes] diensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 ecuador [LeptohJphes] - in Leptobypbeslfg2 diffusa [Ephemera] - in Epbemeralfgll edentatus [Notacanthurus] - in Notacanthuruslg(l) dilectus [Potamanthus] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] edmundsi [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 diluta [Ephemera] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] edmundsi [Archaeobehningia] - typ.nom Archaeobehningia dimicki [Cinygma] - in Cinygma/fg(l) edmundsi [Atopopus] - in Atopopuslg2 dimidiata [Caenis] - syn. horaria [Ephemera] edmundsi [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 diminuta [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 edmundsi [Cheirogenesia] - in Cheirogenesia/g(l) dimorphus [Tricorythodes] - typ.nom. Homoleptohyphes edmundsi [Ephemerella] - in Caudatella/g(l) diptera [Ephemera] - typus nominis Cloeon edmundsi [Isonychia] - syn. sicca [Baetis] directum [Protereisma] - in Pennoplectoptera edmundsi [LeptohJphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. dirmil [Electrogena] - in Electrogenalg(l) edmundsi [Misthodotes] - in Euplecroptera discolor [Oxycypha] - in Tricorythuslfg5 edmundsi [Potamanthellus] - in Potamanthelluslgl disneyi [Elassoneuria] - in Elassoneurialg2 edmundsi [Siphlaenigma] - syn.janae [Sq,hlaenigma] dispar [Baetis] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 edmundsi [Tricorythodes] - typus nominis Asioplax dispar [Iron] - in Proepeoruslg(l) edwardsi [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 dissimilis [Mogzonurella] - typus nominis Mogzonurella elegans [Baetis] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] dissimillimus [Ephemerythus] - in Ephemerythuslfgl elegans [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] dissitus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 elegans [Potameis] distaforcus [Rhoenanthus] - in Rhoenanthus/gl - typus nominis Potameis distans [Oniscigaster] - in Oniscigaster/fg2 - syn. chelifer [Parameletus] distincta [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. elegans [Remipalpus] - typus nominis Remipalpus distinctus [Potamanthus] - in Anthopotamuslg(l) elegantula [Rhithrogena] diversa [Isonychia] - typus nominis Borisonychia - in Heptagenia/f8=g7 diversus [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. - syn. congener [Arthroplea] dobbsi [O/igoneuria] - in Oligoneuriopsis/g(l) elevatus [Mogzonurus] - typus nominis Mogzonurus dochmia [Campylocia] - in Campylocialg(l) elisabethae [Oligoneuriopsis] - in Oligoneuriopsislg{l) SPECIES NAMES 415

elongata [Bantisca] - typus nominis Bantisca femorata [Baetis] - in Stenonemalfg3 elongata [Jarmila] - typus nominis Jarmila femorata [Asiatella] - in Rhionellalg(l) elongatula [Leptophlebia] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. femorisetosa [Clweocaenis] - in CJypeocaenislg3 elongensis [Afronurus] - in Afronurus/gl fennica [Palmenia] elouardi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 - typus nominis Palmenia emmavillensis [Cloeon] - in EupJectoptera INC.SED. - syn. chelifer [Parameletus] emersoni [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 ferreri [Potamanthus] - syn. lutea [Ephemera] endensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 ferruginea [Ephemera] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] enoensis [Eurylophella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 ferruginea [Isonychia] - syn. ignota [Baetis] eocaenicus [Parabaetis] - typus nominis Parabaetis ferruginea [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 eophilum [Ephoron] - in PoJymitarcys/t3=Ephoronlg4 ferrugineus [Rhoenanthus] - syn. magnificus [Rh.] epeorides [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 ferruginus [Leptohyphes] - syn. zalope [Leptohyphes] ermolenkoi [Epeorus] - in BeJovius/g2 jictus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl erratus [Epeorus] - in RaduJapaIpata INC.SED. jictus [Tricorythopsis] - in Tricorythopsis/g(l) erytrophthalma [Ephemera] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] florii [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 escambiensis [Baetisca] - typus nominis Fascioculus flttkaui [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 escomeli [Spaniophlebia] - in SpaniophJebialg(l) flttkaui [Homoeoneuria] - typus nominis Notochora essequibo [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 jlabellum [Wundacaenis] - in Caenis/g4=g2 INC.SED. ethiopicus [Thalerosphyrus] - in EcdyonuruS/fgl INC.SED. jlava [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 etowah [Cercobrachys] - typus nominis Cercobrachys jlavata [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 eugeniae [Rhithrogena] - in Epeironlg(l) jlaveola [Ephemera] - syn. verticis [Baetis] eugenii [Ameletus] - syn. inopinatus [Ameletus] jlavescens [Palingenia] - !)'pus nominis Heptagenia euphratica [Drunella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. jlavianula [Heptagenia] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. europaeus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercus/fl=g3 jlavicans [Ephemera] - syn.lutea [Ephemera] euterpe [Ephemerella] - syn. maculata [Ephemerella] jlavida [Baetis] - typus nominis Siphlonurus evae [Afromera] - in Afromera/gl jlavilinea [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl evanidus [Campsurus] - in Campsurus/fg3 jlavimanus [Ecdyonurus] - in RaduJapaIpata INC.SED. excelsus [Ecdyonurus] - in RaduJapaIpata INC.SED. jlavipennis [Ephemera] - syn.longicauda [Baetis] excisa [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 jlavipennis [Ironodes] - in lronodes/g(l) excrucians [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Ephemerella jlavitincta [Ephemerella] - syn. grandis [Ephemerella] exiguum [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertium/g(l) jlavitinctus [Ameletus] - in Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2 exi/is [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. jlavomaculatus [Ecdyonurus] - syn.joernensis [&dyurus] eximia [Analetris] - typus nominis Analetris jlavus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 eximius [Leptohyphes] - typus nominis Leptohyphes jlavus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED. expectata [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 jlexus [Siphlurus] expectans [Potamanthus] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. - typus nominis Siphloplecton explanatus [Siphlurites] - typus nominis Siphlurites - syn. basale [Baetis] explicatus [Tricorythus] - typus nominis Tricorythodes jlinti [Leptohwhes] - typus nominis Allenhyphes exquisitus [Ameletus] - in AmeJetus/fg2 jloreus [Afronurus] - in Afronurus/gl ezoensis [Ephemerella ]-syn. aurivillii [Chitonophora] jloridense [Stenonema] - in Stenacronlg(l) ezoensis [Ephemerella trispina] nom.praeocc. jloridicola [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercus/fl=g3 - syn. triacantha [Ephemerella] jloripara [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. F jlosaquae [Ephemera] - syn.longicauda [Ephemera] facilis [Ameletus] - syn. vancouvernensis [Ameletus] jlowersi [Compsoneuria] - in Afghanurus/gl INC.SED. fallacina [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl jlowersi [Nixe] - in Afghanurus/g2 fallax [Baetis] - in Electrogenalg(l) jlowersi [Thalerosphyrus] - in Ecdyonuroideslg(l) fallax [Tricorythodes] - syn. minutus [Tricorythodes] jluminum [Baetis] - syn. dispar [Baetis] falsus [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 foliaceum [Binoculus] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 famulans [Iron] - in RadulapaIpata INC.SED. fonticola [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 farsi [&dyonurus] (in litt.) - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 forcipata [Caenis] - syn.latipennis [Caenis] fasciata [Caenis] - in FurcatergaIiae INC.SED. forcipatus ['~frocercus] - typus nominis Afrocercus fasciata [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 forcipula [Baetis] - in EcdyonuruS/fg2 fasciatus [Bleptus] - typus nominis Bleptus formosana [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fglO INC.SED. fasciatus [Waltzoyphius] - typus nominis Waltzoyphius formosanus [Chirotonetes] - in lsonychialfg2 fascioculatus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. affinis [Ecdyonurus] formosicola [Rhithrogena] - syn. parvus [&dyonurus] fattigi [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] formosus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 fazi [Siphlonurus] - syn. ventilans [Siphlonella] formosus [Potamanthus] - typus nominis Potamanthodes folsinea [Caenis] - syn.luctuosa [Oxycypha] fracta [Electrogena] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC. SED. fomina [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f4=g2 INC.SED. fradleyi [Rhithrogena] - syn. germanica [Rhithrogena] fominina [Ephemerella] - syn. rotunda [Ephemerella] fragilis [Ametropus] - typus nominis Ametropus fomorale [Dicercomyzon] - typus nominis Dicercomyzon fragilis [Iron] - in lronlg2 416 INDEX franJcenbergi [Arthroplea] - syn. congener [Arthroplea] gilliesi [Asthenopus] - in Asthenopuslfgl frater [Ecdyonurus] - syn. majko; [Ecdyonurus] gilliesi [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 fratercula [Fphemerella] - in Epbemerellalfg3 INC. SED. gilliesi [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 fraudator [Iron] - syn. pleura/is [Heptagenia (Epeorus)] gilliesi [Fpeorus] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC. SED. frison; [Fphemerella] - in Epbemerella/fg3 INC.SED. gilliesi [Ephemerella] - in DrunelIalgl /risoni [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. gilliesiana [Ci~ina] - in EcdyonuruslfgllNc.sED. frolenkoi [Epeorus] - in Beloviuslg2 gimmi [Thuringopteryx] - typus nominis Thuringopteryx frontale [Heptagenia] - in Stenacronlg(l) giudicellorum [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 fuegiensis [Ameletus] - syn. anceps [Metamonius] glacialis [Fphemerella] - syn. grandis [Ephemerella] fuernborni [Pseudoligoneuria] glareosa [Torleya] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC. SED. - typus nominis Pseudoligoneuria glaucops [Fphemera] - in Sinephemeralg(l) - syn. magnifica [Chromarcys] glebosa [Acerella] - in NotacanthelIalg(l) fugitans [Caenopsis] - typus nominis Tricorythafer gleissi [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. fujianensis [Potamanthodes] - syn. lcwangsuensis [P.] goeldlini [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 fukiensis [Paegniodes] - syn. cupulata [Heptagenia] goetghebuergi [Metretopus] fu/iginosa [Fphemera] - in Palingenialf4=g3 - typus nominis Metreletus fulva [Hexagenia] - syn. schoutedeni [Ephemera] - syn. balcanicus [Metretopus] fulvata [Ephemera] - in EpbemeralfglO INC.SED. gojoensis [Ameletus]- syn. tetrapunctigera [Rhithrogena] funanense [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 goldmani [Borephemera] - typus nominis Borephemera funeralis [Fphemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 gonseri [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 furtiva [Haplohyphes] - syn. baritu [Haplohyphes] goodmani [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 fusca [Cincticostella] - in EphacerelIalg(l) gorbunovi [Miocenogenia] - typus nominis Miocenogenia fusca [Cloe] - in NOMINADUBIA gorganica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 fusca [Ephemera] - typus nominis Habrophlebia gornostajevi [Epeorus] - in Beloviuslg2 fusca [Heptagenia] - syn. vicaria [Baetis] gorrizi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 fusca [Noyopsis] - typus nominis Noyopsis gosei [Ephemerella] - in CincticostelIalg3 fuscata [Ephemera] - typus mominis Baetis gracilis [Fphemerella] - typus nominis Amurella fuscata [Neurocaenis] - typus nominis Neurocaenis gracilis [Scopus] - typus nominis Mecus fuscifrons [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC. SED. graecus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 fuscogrisea [Ephemera] - in Kageronialg(l) grallator [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl fuscula [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA grandaeva [Oligoneuriella] - syn. dobbsi [Oligoneuria] fuscum [Siphloplecton] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) grandiae [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) fuscus [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) grandifolia [Cinygmula] - syn. sapporensis [Siphlurus] fusongensis [Drunella] - syn. lepnevae [Ephemerella] grandiosa [Siphlonisca] - syn. binotatus [Siphlurus] fusongensis [Fphemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC. SED. grandis [Chirotonetes] - in Isonychialfg2 futilis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC. SED. grandis [Elassoneuria] - in Elassoneurialg2 fYae [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 grandis [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Drunella G grandis [Iron] - typus nominis Ironopsis galileae [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) granifora [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. gallica [Heptagenia] - syn. coerulans [Heptagenia] gratianopolitana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 ganges [Potamanthellus] - in Potamanthelluslgl greeni [Anagenesia] - syn. indica [Palingenia] garciai [Neophlebia] - typus nominis Noya gridellii [Heptagenia] - in Electrogenalg(l) gartrelli [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl grimi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 garumnica [O/igoneuria] - syn. rhenana [O/igoneuria] grischuna [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 gaspeensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. grisea [Andromina] - typus nominis Andromina geminatum [Cinygma] - in Ironodeslg(l) grisea [Caenis] - syn. macrura [Caenis] geminus [Epeorus] - syn. sylvicola [Baetis] griseus [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl gemmata [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA grisoculata [Rhithrogena] - syn. semicolorata [Baetis] georgiae [Isonychia] - typus nominis Prionoides grossa [Baetis] - in Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS germanica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 grunini [Iron] - syn. aesculus [Epeorus] ghibana [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 guadeloupensis [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 gibbera [Baetisca] - in Baetiscalf3=g2 guadunensis [Vietnamella] - in Vietnamellalfg(l) gibbus [Leptohyphes] - in Tricorythopsislg(l) guentheri [Cinygmula] - syn. cavum [Cinygma] gibbus [Potamanthus] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] guixiensis [Isonychia] - in Isonychialfg2 gigantea [Baetis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. gultsha [Iron] - in Ironlg2 giganteus [Coloburiscus] - typus nominis Coloburiscoides guntheri [Euthyplocia] gigas [Caenis] - syn.latipennis [Caenis] - typus nominis Longinella gilbonensis [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 - syn. anceps [Euthyplocia] gildersleevei [Stenonema] - in Stenacronlg(l) gunti [Rhithrogena] (in litt). - in Himalogenalg(l) gilliesi [Afromera] - in Afromeralgl guranica [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 gilliesi [Afronurus] - in Afronuruslgl gurvitshi [Iron] - in Ironlg2 SPECIES NAMES 417 guttata [Baetis] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. horai [Potamanthellus] guttatus [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) - typus nominis Potamanthellus guttulata [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll - syn. amabilis [Rhoenanthus] B horaria [Ephemera] - in Caenislf6=g4 haarupi [Rhithrogena] - syn. germanica [Rhithrogena] horaria [Palingenia] - syn. virgo [Ephemera] hageni [Rhithrogena] - in Sibirigenalg(l) horrida [Heptagenia] - in Afghanuruslgl INC.SED. haenschi [Euthyplocia] - in Euthyplocialfg2 howarthi [Ephemera] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. hainanensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll hsui [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. hainanensis [Isonychia] - syn. ignota [Baetis] hua/laga [Haplohyphes] - typus nominis Haplohyphes hainanensis [Serratella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. hudsoni [Ephemera] - typus nominis Ichthybotus hakkaricus [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) humeralis [Epeorus] - syn. vitrea [Palingenia] haleuticus [Coloburus] - in Coloburiscoides/g(l) humeralis [Palingenia] - typus nominis Coloburiscus halterata [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA humilis [Calliarcys] - typus nominis Calliarcys hanazononis [Epeorus] - syn. ikanonis [Epeorus] hummeli [Anepeorus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. harrisella [Brachycercus] - typus nominis Brachycercus hunanensis [Cinygmina] - in Afronuruslgl harrisi [Tortopus] - in Tortopus/g(l) hunanensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll harrisoni [Afronurus] - in Afronurus/gl hunanensis [Neopotamanthus] - in Rhoenanthuslgl harrisoni [Lithogloea] - typus nominis Lithogloea hungaricus [Metreletus] - syn. ba/canicus [Metretopus] harperi [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] huoshanensis [Potamanthus] - in Potamanthuslfg3 hasalakensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fglO INC.SED. hutchinsoni [Ororotsia] - typus nominis Ororotsia haywardi [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. hyalina [Cinygma] - syn.par [Cinygma] hazaraensis [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. hyalina [Ephemera] - syn.lutea [Ephemera] heardi [Povilla] - in AsthenopuS/fgl hyalinus [Ecdyonurus] - in Afronuruslgl hebe [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocutalg2 hyalinus [Ecdyonurus] nom.praeocc. hecuba [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Timpanoga - syn. lyriformis [Ecdyonurus] hecuba [Palingenia] - typus nominis Euthyplocia hyalinus [Ecdyonurus] nom.praeocc. hekachii [Cinygmoides] - typus nominis Cinygmoides - syn. kiangsuensis [Ecdyonurus] hellenica [Electrogena] - in Electrogenalg(l) hyblaea [Electrogena] - in Electrogenalg(l) hellenica [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fglO INC.SED. hybrida [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 helveticus [Ecdyurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 hystrix [Ephemerella] - in Caudatellalg(l) helvola [Ephemera] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] I hennigi [Balticophlebia] - typus nominis Balticophlebia iberica [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 henningseni [Metretopus] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. idahoensis [Caurinella] - typus nominis Caurinella henschi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 idei [Brachycercus] - syn.lacustris [Caenis] hercegovina [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 idiocerus [Potamanthus] - in Rhoenanthuslgl hercynia [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 ijranensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 hertui [Madecassorythus] - typus nominis Madecassorythus igaranus [Tortopus] - typus nominis Tortopus hespera [Rhithrogena] - in EpeoruS/fg3 INC.SED. ignita [Ephemera] - in Torleyalg2 hessei [Ameletus] - syn. balcanicus [Metretopus] ignota [Baetis] - in Isonychialfg2 heterocaudata [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Caudatella ikanonis [Epeorus] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. heterotarsalis [Ecdyonurus] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] ikonomovi [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. hiemalis [Epeorus] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC.SED. illiesi [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 hiemalis [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl illotus [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. hieroglyphicus [Epeorus] - in EpeoruS/fg4 illustris [Hexagenia] - syn. schoutedeni [Ephemera] hieroglyphicus [Epeorus] - in EpeoruS/fg4 imanica [Rhithrogena] - syn. simplicioides [Heptagenia] hilaris [Ephemera] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 imanishii [Ephemerella] - syn. tshernovae [Ephemerella] hirasana [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulalgl imanishii [Ephemerella] nom.praeocc. hirsuta [Blasturophlebia] - typus nominis Blasturophlebia - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. hirsuta [Ephemerella] - syn. attenuata [Ephemerella] imbellus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 hirsutus [Leptohyphes] - syn. maculatus [Leptohyphes] immaculata [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll hispanica [Ephemera] - syn. danica [Ephemera] immanis [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 hispanica [Ephemerella] - in Uracanthellalgl imitans [Foliomimus] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. hispanicus [Szphlonurus] - in SiphlonuruS/fg4 impersonata [Heptagenia] - in Sihirigenalg(l) hispida [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. inoccessibile [Euthyplocia] - in Euthyplocialfg2 hispidus [Leptohyphes] - syn. zalope [Leptohyphes] inaequalis [Iron] - in Ironlg2 hissari [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 inaequa/is [Potamanthus] - syn. myops [Ephemera] hoffmani [Isonychia] - in Prionoideslg(l) inanis [Potamanthus] - typus nominis Leptohyphodes hoggariensis [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 incertus [Campsurus] - syn. puella [Pa/ingenia] hollermayeri [Metamonius] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. inconspicua [Heptagenia] - in Afghanuruslg2 holmbergii [Ephemera] - in Campsuruslfg3 inconstans [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. hongjiangensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll incus [Caenis] - syn. robusta [Caenis] 418 INDEX indica [Ephemerella] - in EpbemereUa/fg3 INC.SED. jacobi [Iron] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC. SED. indica [Heuzgenia] - in Eatonigenialgl jacobi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 indica [Palingenia] - in Polymitarcys/t3=Epboronlg4 jacobsoni [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuslfgS indicator [Leptoh)phes] - typus nominis Traverh)phes jaegeri [Siphloplecton] - in Anteritorna INC.SED. indicum [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl =g2 jamaicanus [Leptoh)phes] - in Leptobypbeslfgl INC.SED. indicus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. subfoscus [Ecdyonurus] janae [S,phlaenigma] - typus nominis Siphlaenigma indivicum [Colocrus] - typus nominis Colocrus japonica [Brachycercus] - in Bracbycercuslfl=g3 indivisus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 japonica [Ephemera] - in Sinephemeralg(l) inermis [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl japonica [Ephemerella] - in Epbemerellalfg3 INC.SED. inermis [Ephemerella] - in Epbemerellalfg5 japonica [Rhithrogena] - in Rbithrogenalfg4 injlata [Ephemerella] - syn.lata [Ephemerella] japonicus [Chirotonetes] - in Isonychialfg2 inflatus [S,phlonurus] - syn. occidentalis [S,phlurus] japonicus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. yoshidae [Ecdyonurus] injlexa [Adenophlebia] - syn. bequerti [Adenophlebia] javana [Ephemera] - in EpbemeralfglO INC.SED. inflexa [Caenomedea] - in Caenislf6=g4 javanica [Palingenia] - in Anagenesialg2 infractus [Epeoromimus] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. javanicus [Afronurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. infrequens [Ephemerella] - in EpbemerellalfgS jazana [S,phlonisca] - syn. shima [Rhoenanthus] ingens [Ephemerella] - syn. grandis [Ephemerella] jeannae [Tricorythus] - in TricotythuS/fgS innotata [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. jejuna [Rhithrogena] - in Sihirigenalg(l) inopinatus [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 jessicae [O/igoneuriopsis] - in Oligoneuriopsis/g(l) insigne [Protereisma] - in Pennoplectoptera jewetti [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocutalg2 insignis [Heptagenia] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 jezonica [Ephemera] - syn. strigata [Ephemera] insignis [Maca.fertiella] - typus nominis Maca.fertiella jian.fengensis [Ephemera] - in Epbemeralfgll insolta [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Rhionella jillongi [Tasmanocoenis] - in Bracbycaenislg(l) insularis [Caenomedea] - in Caenislf6=g4 jinghongensis [Ephemerella] - in Teloganopsislg(l) insularis [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) jinjana [Caenodes] - in Caenislffi=g4 insularis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 jocosa [Caenis] - syn. lat,pennis [Caenis] insulicola [Elassoneuria] - typus nominis Madeconeuria jodiannae [Leptoh)phes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 integer [Heptagenia] joergenseni [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 - typus nominis Maccaffortium joernensis [Ecdyurus] - in Mghanuruslg2 - syn. mexicana [Heptagenia] johannae [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 integrum [Cinygma] - typus nominis Cinygma johannis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 intercalata [Euth)plocia] - syn. anceps [Euthyplocia] joosti [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl interlineata [Baetis] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) joostiana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 intermedia [Brasiliocaenis] - in Brasiliocaenislg(l) josettae [Eatonica] - in Eatonicalfg2 intermedia [Iron] - in lronlg2 josettae [Fontainica] intermedia [Mesoplocia] - typus nominis Mesoplocia - typus nominis Fontainica intermedia [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 - syn. decaryi [Anagenesia] intermedius [Chirotonetes] - in lsonychialfg2 josettae [Thalerosphyrus] - in EcdyonuruS/fgl INC.SED. intermedius [Oniscigaster] - in Oniscigaster/fg2 jozana [Siphlonisca] - syn. shima [Rhoenanthus] interpunctata [Baetis] - typus nominis Stenacron jugoslavicus [Iron] - syn. yougoslavicus [Iron] interrupta [Caenis] - syn. macrura [Caenis] julia [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 intricans [Brevitibia] - typus nominis Brevitibia jungi [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 invaria [Baetis] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. junld [Povilla] - syn. corporaali [Asthenopus] inversus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyogymnurus/g(l) juno [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocutalg2 invictus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 juradinus [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 iops [Lachlania] - in Lachlanialgl K iranica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 kaapi [Irpacaenis] - in CaeniS/f4=g2 INC.SED. ireneae [S,phlonurus] - in SiphlonuruS/fg4 kabulensis [Ephemerella] - syn. submontana [E.] iridina [Baetis] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 kabyliensis [Brachycercus] - in BrachycercuS/fl=g3 irina [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl kamonis [Potamanthus] - syn.formosus [Potamanthus] irmleri [Brasiliocaenis] - typus nominis Brasiliocaenis kanuga [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] ishiwatai [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. kapurkripalanorum [Iron] - in EpeoruS/fg3 INC.SED. ishiyamana [Drunella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. karasuensis [Drunella] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] islamabadicus [Ecdyonurus] - in Notacantburus/g(l) karelica [Eurylophella] - typus nominis Eurylophella italicus [Ecdyonurus] (nomen nudum) karia [Drunella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. - syn. helveticus [Ecdyurus] kashmirensis [Epeiron] - in Epeironlg(l) ithaca [Heptagenia] - in Maccaffertium/g(l) kashmirensis [Oligoneuria] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 iwatensis [Ephemera] - syn. strigata [Ephemera] kaszabi [Cinygmula] - syn. kurenzovi [Cinygma] iyonis [Potamanthus] - syn.formosus [Potamanthus] kazlauskasi [Epeoromimus] - typus nominis Epeoromimus J keffermullerae [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 jacobi [Ephemerella] - in Caudatellalg(l) keijoensis [Ephemerella] - syn. atagosana [Ephemerella] SPECIES NAMES 419 keiseri [Manohyphella] - typus nominis Manohyphella - typus nominis Neopotamanthodes kennedyi [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/gl INC.SED. - syn. magnificus [Rhoenanthus] keralensis [Cinygmina] - in Afronuruslgl landai [Cinygmina] - in Afronuruslgl kerklotsi [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC. SED. landai [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 khyberensis [Eatonia] -typ.nom.Eatonia (nom.praeocc.) lankensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fglO INC.SED. kiangsuensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. lapidula [Ephemerella] - syn.jlavilinea [Ephemerella] kiangsuensis [Isonychia] - in lsonychia/fg2 larssoni [Succinogenia] - typus nominis Succinogenia kiboensis [Ephemerythus] - in EphemerythuS/fgl lata [Ephemerella] - in Drunella/gl kibunensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyogymnurus/g(l) lata [Mesoneta] - typus nominis Furvoneta kidahi [Elassoneuria] - in Elassoneuria/g2 lata [Palingenia] - typus nominis Anagenesia kihada [Heptagenia] - in Kageronia/g(l) lateralis [Baetis] - typus nominis Electrogena kimminsi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 latericius [Iron] - syn. maculatus [Iron] kimminsis [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f4=g2 INC.SED. latifolium [Epeorus] - typus nominis Belovius kirgisicus [Iron] - in Ironlg2 latifrons [Cinygmula] - syn. hirasana [Cinygma] kirinensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll latipennis [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 kivuensis [Caenis] - typus nominis Caenomedea latipennis [Palingenia] - typus nominis Campsurus klausnitzeriana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 latipes [Ephemerella] - in Drunella/gl klugei [Ecdyonurus] - in Afghanurus/gl INC. SED. latum [Protereisma] - in Permoplectoptera knowlesi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 latus [Siphlurus] - syn. armatus [Siphlonurus] kogistana [Ephemerella] (in litt.) - in Torleya/g2 latus [Tricorythus] - typus nominis Tricorythurus kohnoi [Ephemerella] - in Drunella/gl laurencae [Cheirogenesia] - in Cheirogenesia/g(l) kootenai [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmula/gl laurentiana [Baetisca] - in Baetisca/f3=g2 kopetdagi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 lawrencei [Oligoneuriopsis] - typ.nom. Oligoneuriopsis koreanicus [Iron] - syn. aesculus [Epeorus] lenati [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) koshunensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fglO INC.SED. lenoki [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Uracanthella kozhovi [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerella/fg5 leonardi [Cratoligoneuriella] - typ.nom. Cratoligoneuriella krieghoffi [Chitonophora] - syn. mucronata [Chitonophora] lepidus [Ironodes] - in Ironodes/g(l) krueperi [Potamanthus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 leplattenierae [Proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocia/gl kuccharonis [Ephemera] - syn. orientalis [Ephemera]. lepnevae [Ephemerella] - in Drunella/gl kugleri [Afronurus] - in Electrogena/g(l) /epnevae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 kungu [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 lepton [Stenonema] - syn. terminatum [Palingenia] kuraensis [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogena/g(l) lerida [Mesopalingea] - typus nominis Mesopalingea kurenzovi [Cinygma] - in Cinygmula/gl lestagei [Behningia] - in Behningia/fg3 kurobensis [Cinygma] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. lestes [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fgl INC. SED. kuwamayai [Ephemera] - syn. strigata [Ephemera] leucon [Ephoron] - typus nominis Ephoron kwangsuensis [Potamanthodes] - in Rhoenanthus/gl leucophthalma [Ephemera] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] kyotoensis [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 leucoptera [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesia/g2 kyotoensis [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenia/f8=g7 levanidovae [Ephemerella] - in Cincticostella/g3 L levanidovae [Iron] - syn. aesculus [Epeorus] L-nigrum [Epeorus] - in EpeoruS/fg3 INC.SED. levanidovi [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmula/gl labiatus [Ameletus] - in AmeletuS/fg2 levis [Epeorus] - in Afronurus/gl laciniosa [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 levis [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerella/fg3 INC.SED. lactata [Ephemerella] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] lickyi [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl lac tea [Oxycypha] - in Caenis/f6=g4 liebenauae [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 lactella [Caenis] - syn. horaria [Ephemera] lieftincki [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC. SED. lacusalbinae [Ameletoides] - typus nominis Ameletoides lieftincki [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 lacuscoerulei [Tasmanophlebia] - in Tasmanophlebia/gl Iigata [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. lacustris [Baetisca] - in BaetiscaJf3=g2 limai [Protoligoneuria] - typus nominis Protoligoneuria lacustris [Caenis] - in BrachycercuS/fl =g3 limbata [Ephemera] - typus nominis Hexagenia lacustris [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerella/fg3 INC. SED. Iimbata [Heptagenia] - Radulapalpata INC. SED. lacustris [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 limnobium [Ephoron] - in Polymitarcys/f3=Ephoronlg4 lacustris [Tasmanophlebia] - typ.nom. Tasmanophlebia linae [Madecassorythus] - in MadecassorythuS/fg2 ladakhensis [Notacanthurus] - in Notacanthurus/g(l) lineata [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fgll ladogensis [Polymitarcys] lineata [Ephemerella] - syn. temporalis [Ephemerella] - syn. nigridorsum [Eopolymitarcys] lineatus [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 lagueatus [Mongologenites] - typ.nom. Mongologenites Ziniti [Leptokyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 lagunitas [Iron] - in EpeoruS/fg3 INC.SED. linnaeanus [Siphlurus] - syn. alternata [Baetis] lahaulensis [Epeorus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. lita [Ephemerella] - in Danella/g(l) lameerei [Lithoneura] - typus nominis Lithoneura litaninensis [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 lanceolatus [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuS/fg5 lithophilus [Tineites] - in Permoplectoptera lanchi [Neopotamanthodes] lithuanica [Ephemere//a] - syn. karelica [Eurylophe/la] 420 INDEX littoralis [Nixe] - in Mghanurus/g2 macrura [Caenis] - typus nominis Caenis lobatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. macuchae [CotopaxI] - typus nominis Cotopaxi lodi [Ephemerella] - in Eurylopbella/fg2 maculata [EPhemera] - syn. danica [Ephemera] longa [Mogzonurella] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. maculata [EPhemerella] - in Epbemerella/fg3 INC.SED. longicauda [Boetis] - in Heptagenia/f8=g7 maculata [Mesobaetis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. longicauda [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 maculata [Ordella] - in Caenislf6=g4 longicauda [Ephemera] - typus nominis Palingenia maculatus [Brachycercus] - in Bracbycercuslfl=g3 longicaudata [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Ephacerella maculatus [Iron] - in Ironlg2 longicornis [Ephemerella] - in Drunella/gl maculatus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptobypheslfg2 longimaculatus [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) maculatus [Tricorythus] - in Machadorythuslfg(l) longimanus [Epeorus] - typus nominis Iron maculipennis [Heptagenia] - typus nominis Leucrocuta longipennis [Serratella] - in Epbemerella/fg3 INC.SED. maculocaudata [Ephemerella] - in Torleya/g2 longipes [Baetis] - syn. anomalus [Boetis] maculosus [Siphlonurus] - syn. binotatus [Siphlurus] longipes [Ephemerella] - syn. lepnevae [Ephemerella] madli [Afronurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) longipes [Mesoplectopteron] - typ.nom. Mesoplectopteron magawana [Rhithrogena] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. longipes [Torephemera] - typus nominis Torephemera magdaleinae [Proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocialgl longitibius [Potamanthus] - in Rhoenantbuslgl magna [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. longiventns [Ephemera] - in EpbemeralfglO INC.SED. magnifica [Chromarcys] - typus nominis Chromarcys longrandi [Ranorythus] - Ranorythuslfg( 1) magnificus [Rhoenanthus] - typus nominis Rhoenanthopsis longulus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 magnipi/osa [Caenomedea] - in Caenislf6=g4 longus [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 magnus [Brachycercus] - syn. harrisella [Brachycercus] lontona [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesia/g2 magnus [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) Iota [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. mahunki [Campsurus] - in Campsurus!fg3 loyolaea [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 major [Caenopsella] -typus nominis Afrocaenis lubrica [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 major [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 lucida [Lachlania] - in LacWania/gl major [Cronicus] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. lucida [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogena/fg4 major [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 lucidipennis [Ecdyonurus] - typus nominis Nixe major [Teloganodes] - in Teloganodeslfgl lucidus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 majus [Stenonema] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] luciennae [Eatonica] - in EatonicaJfg2 majusculus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 luctuosa [Oxycypha] - typus nominis Oxycypha malaisei [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulalgl ludens [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 malickyi [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) ludibriosus [Bolbonyx] - typus nominis Bolbonyx manea [Isonychia] ludicra [Caenis] - syn. ludiera [Caenis] - typus nominis Isonychia ludiera [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 - syn. sicca [Baetis] lugens [Teloganodes] - in Teloganodes/fgl mandalensis [Mesobaetis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. lumas [Leptohyphes] - syn. zalope [Leptohyphes] manifesta [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. lunaris [Electrogena] - in Electrogenalg(l) manitobensis [Campsurus] - syn. primus [Campsurus] luridipennis [Baetis] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 maoyangensis [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. lusoensis [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 marcosi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 lutea [Ephemera] - typus nominis Potamanthus margarita [Epeorus] - in EpeoruS/fg3 INC.SED. lutea [Heptagenia] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) margarita [Ephemerella] - in Attenellalfg( 1) lutea [Heptagenia] nom.praeocc. margherita [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 - syn. samochai [Sigmoneuria] marginalis [Baetis] - syn. lutea [Ephemera] lutosa [Torleya] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. marginalis [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 lutulenta [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 marginata [Semblis] - syn.longicauda [Ephemera] luzzii [Cretomitarcys] - typus nominis Cretomitarcys marginatum [Dicercomyzon] - syn. sjostedti [Caenis] lyriformis [Ecdyonurus] - in Cinygmalfg(l) marginatus [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 M marhieus [Thraulodes] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. macafferti [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 maria [Siphlonurus] - syn. spectabilis [Siphlonurus] macani [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 mariae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 macdunnoughi [Eurylophella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 mariaedominicae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 macedonica [Heptagenia] - in Electrogenalg(l) marichuae [Oligoneuriella] - in OJigoneuriellalg2 macedonicus [Rhoenanthus] marilandica [Hexagenia] - syn. limbata [Ephemera] - typus nominis Leucorhoenanthus marinkovici [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 - syn. maxima [Caenis] markevitshi [Uracanthella] - syn. lenoki [Ephemerella] macronyx [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 marocana [Ephemera] - syn. virgo [Ephemera] macronyx [Metreplecton] - typus nominis Metreplecton marshalli [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 macrophthalmus [Potamanthodes] - in Rhoenanthus/gl martae [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 macrops [Amerogenia] - typus nominis Amerogenia martensi [Iron] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC. SED. macrops [Palingenia] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. martini [Spinirythus] - typus nominis Spinirythus SPECIES NAMES 421 martinus [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. minuta [Iron] - in Ironlg2 martynovae [Ephemeropsis] - in Hexageniteslfgl minuta [Mesoneta] - in Euephemeroptera INC.SED. matilda [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] minutus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 matitensis [Afronurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED. minutus [Palaeoanthus] - in Palaeoanthuslfg(l) maxillaris [Trichogenia] - typus nominis Trichogenia minutus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl maxima [Caenis] - typus nominis Caenomera mirabilis [Cinygma] - syn. congener [Arthroplea] maxima [Ephemerella] - syn. aurivillii [Chitonophora] mirca [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl mccaffertyi [proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocialg(l) mirifica [Lithoneura] - in Syntonopteralfgl mcfarlanei [Rallidens] - typus nominis Rallidens mirus [Leptohyphes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl media [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. mirus [Siphlurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 media [Teloganopsis] - typus nominis Teloganopsis mithras [Leptohyphes] - in Haplohypheslg(l) mediopunctatum [&dyonurus] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) mitificus [Nixe] - in Afghanuruslg2 medius [Potamanthus] - syn. myops [Ephemera] modesta [Ephemera] - syn. orientalis [Ephemera] medius [Siberiogenites] - in Siberiogeniteslg modestus [Heptagenia] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) megalopteria [Mirawara] - in Mirawaralg(l) moe [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. melanobranchus [Leptohyphes] moesta [Caenis] - syn. luctuosa [Oxycypha] - in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED. moffatae [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. melanocephalus [Campsurus] - in Campsurus/fg3 mogutshevae [Archaeobehningia] melanurus [Ephemeropsis] - syn. trisetalis [Ephemeropsis] - in Euarthropoda INC.SED. mellea [Baetis] - syn. lutea [Ephemera] molequs [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodes/fgl melli [Thalerosphyrus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. molinai [Heptagenia] mendesi [Brasiliocaenis] - in Brasiliocaenis/g(l) - typus nominis Dictyosiphlon merga [Protobehningia] - in Protobehningialg(l) - syn. needhami [Murphyel/a] meridensis [Tintorina] - typus nominis Tintorina molita [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 meridies [Caenopsella] - typus nominis Caenopsella mollipes [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohyphes/fg2. meridionalis [Pseudiron] - syn. centralis [Pseudiron] mollitia [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. meririvulanum [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) mongolica [Heptagenia] - syn.joernensis [Ecdyurus] mesoleucus [Potamanthus] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. mongolica [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. mesopotamica [Palingenia] - typus nominis Mortogenesia mongolica [Oligoneuriella] - syn. pallida [Oligoneuria] metlacensis [Iron] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC.SED. monserrati [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 metriotes [Stenonema] - syn. mexicana [Heptagenia] monta [Ameletus] - syn. similor [Ameletus] mexicana [Heptagenia] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) montana [A cerelia] - in Notacanthellalg(l) mexicana [Hexagenia] - typus nominis Pseudeatonica montana [Baetis] - in NOMINADUBIA meyeri [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 montana [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. meyi [&dyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) montanus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 michaeli [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. montanus [Iron] - in Ironlg2 micheneri [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. montanus [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 micus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 montanus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl midas [Siphlonuroides] - in Parameletuslfg2 monticolis [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) middendorfi [Ephemeropsis] - syn. trisetalis [E.] montivagus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 mikhaili [Torleya] - in Torleyalg2 mooiana [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll mikulskii [Oligoneuriella] - syn. pallida [Oligoneuria] moreae [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 miliaria [Ordella] - in Caenislf6=g4 moravica [Kukalova] - typus nominis Oboriphlebia mimus [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulalgl morrisoni [Epeorus] - in Sibirigenalg(l) minazuki [Rhithrogena] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. mortua [Ephemera] - syn. cellulosa [Ephemera] minerva [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocuta/g2 mota [Yaurina] - in Yaurinalg(l) mingo [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] muchei [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 minima [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA mucronata [Chitonophora] - in Ephemerellalfg5 minima [Euthyplocia] - typus nominis Exeuthyplocia muehlenbergi [Afronurus] - in Afronuruslgl minima [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. muelleri [&dyonurus] - in Afghanuruslgl INC.SED. minimella [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellalfg2 muelleri [Montralia] - typus nominis Montralia minimus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 multinervosa [Ephemera] - typus nominis P aedephemera minimus [Leptohyphes] - in Tricorythopsis/g(l) multisetosa [Clypeocaenis] - in Clypeocaenislg3 minnetonka [Stenonema] - in Stenacronlg(l) mulaiki [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl minnoi [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 mu/tinervosa [Ephemera] - syn. cellulosa [Ephemera] minor [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. munda [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] minor [Iron] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. munionga [Coloburiscoides] - in Coloburlscoideslg(l) minor [Palingenia] - in Anagenesialg2 mutilus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 minor [Potameis] - in Parameletuslfg2 murdocki [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. minus [Protereisma] - in Permoplectoptera murihiku [Nesameletus] - in Nesameletusl12=Metamoniuslg2 minuta [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl musseri [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. 422 INDEX myllonotus [Leptohyphes] - syn. moculatus [Leptohyphes] nigrostriata [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. myops [Ephemera] - in Anthopotarnuslg(l) nikolskyi [Acamhametropus] - typ.nom. Acanthametropus N nimia [Ephemera] - Anteritoma INC.SED. nachoi [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 ninae [Epeorus] - syn. sinitshenkovae [Epeorus] nadinae [Ephemera] - typus nominis Aethephemera nipawinia [Macdunnoa] - typus nominis Macdunnoa namatus [Iron] - in EpeoruslfgJ INC. SED. nipponicus [Iron] - in Proepeoruslg(l) namorona [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 nishinoae [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 nana [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesia/g2 nitida [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. nanchangi [Polymitarcys] - in Polymi1arcyslB=Ephoronlg4 nitida [Ewycaenis] - in Brachycercuslfl=gJ nanchangi [Potamanthodes] - in Rhoenanthuslgl nitidus [Iron] - typus nominis Ironocks nanhuensis [Afronurus] - in Afronuruslgl nivata [Heptagenia] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 nanoides [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesialg2 nivea [Caenis] - syn. rivulorum [Caenis] nanus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheslfgllNc.sED. njalensis [Afronurus] - in Notonuruslg napaeus [Epeorus] - in EpeoruslfgJ INC.SED. nocturna [Caenis] - syn.lactea [Oxycypha] napaeus [Epeorus] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. norda [Ephemerella] - syn. aurivillii [Chitonophora] nappii [Palingenia] - in CampsuruslfgJ nordestina [Costalimella] - typus nominis Costalimella naraensis [Ecdyonurus] - in AfghanuruslgllNc.SED. norvegica [Sparrea] nasiri [Ephemerella] - syn. submontana [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Sparrea nasuta [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. - syn. chelifer [Parameletus] nasutus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl =gJ norvegicus [Metretopus] - typus nominis Metretopus natalensis [Ephemera] - in Afromeralgl noctivaga [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 natana [Chankagenesia] - typus nominis Chankagenesia notata [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg5 natata [Palingenia] - syn. simulans [Ephemera] notata [Isonychia] - in Prionoideslg(l) nathani [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC. SED. notatus [Campsurus] - in CampsuruslfgJ nazarita [Torleya] - in Torleyalg2 notatus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl neavei [Ametropus] - in Aroetropuslfg(l) notialis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. necatii [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) notofascia [Ephemerella] - syn. kozhovi [Ephemerella] needhami [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC. SED. novangliae [Siphlonurus] - syn. typicus [Sphlurus] needhami [Insulibrachys] - typus nominis Insulibrachys novaegiuneae [Tasmanocoenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. needhami [Mu1phyella] - typus nominis MU1phyella noveboracana [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA negi [Afronurus] - in Afronuruslgl nubila [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. neglectus [Potamanthus] - in Anthopotamuslg(l) nuda [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 nemoralis [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC. SED. nuessleri [Sphlonurus] - syn.lacustris [Sphlonurus] neotropica [Microphemera] - typus nominis Microphemera numinuh [Asioplax] - in Tricorythodeslfgl nepalensis [Rhithrogena] - in Himalogenalg(l) nuragica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 nepalica [Ephemerella] - in EphemerellalfgJ INC. SED. o nepotellus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. mediopunctatum [E.] obesa [Baetis] - typus nominis Baetisca neretvana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 oblita [Siphlurella] - syn. alternata [Baetis] nervosa [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA obliquistriata [Cinygmina] - in Afronuruslgl nervulosa [Caenis] - in CaenislfO=g4 obscura [Baetis] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] netshaevi [Phtharthus] - in Permoplectoptera obscura [Isonychia] - in Prionoideslg(l) ngi [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. obscuripennis [Tortopus] - in Tortopus/g(l) nhahoensis [Caenoculis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. obscurus [Nixe] - in Afghanuruslg2 nicholsae [Leptohyphes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl obscurus [Rhoenanthus] - in Rhoenanthuslgl nigella [Coenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. obtusus [Dromeus] - typus nominis Misthodotes niger [Ephemerythus] - typus nominis Ephemerythus occidentalis [Sphgondwanus] - typ.nom. Sphgondwanus nigra [Bruchella] occidentalis [Sphlurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 - typus nominis Bruchella occulta [Caenis] - in CaenislfO=g4 - syn. eximius [Leptohwhes] occulta [Palingenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] nigra [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Cincticostella ocellus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl nigrescens [Heptagenia] - syn. picteti [Baetis] ohioense [Stenonema] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] nigrescens [Tasmanophlebia] - in Tasmanophlebialgl okumai [Ephemerella] - in Cincticostellalg3 nigridorsum [Eopolymitarcys] - typ.nom. Eopolymitarcys oliffi [Afronurus] - in Afronuruslgl nigrimana [Ephemera] - syn. venosa [Ephemera] oligocaenicus [Baltameletus] - typus nominis Baltameletus nigripilosus [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) oligosetosa [Clypeocaenis] - in Clypeocaenislg3 nigripunctum [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfg2 oophora [Caenis] - syn. macrura [Caenis] nigroforceps [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 oppenheimi [Paedephemera] - syn. cellulosa [Ephemera] nigromaculata [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. optata [Xenophlebia] - typus nominis Litophlebia nigromaculata [Iron] - in lronlg2 ora [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC. SED. nigroptera [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC. SED. orbiticola [Heptagenia] - in Kageronialg(l) nigropunctata [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 oregonensis [Ameletus] - in AmeJetus/fg2 SPECIES NAMES 423

oreophila [Cinygmula] - syn.joosti [Cinygmula] parviforceps [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 orestes [Ephemerella] - in Caudatellalg(l) parvus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 oriens [Potamanthus luteus] - syn.lutea [Ephemera] parvus [Ecdyonurus] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 orientalis [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fgll patoka [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 orientalis [Ephemerella] - syn.levanidovae [Ephemerella] patriciae [Eatonica] - in EatonicaJfg2 orientalis [&theria] - syn. trisetalis [Ephemeropsis] paulae [Ephemera] - syn. zettana [Ephemera] orientalis [Palingenia] - in Palingenialf4=g3 paulinae [Rhithrogena] - in Epeironlg(l) orientalis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 pazsiczkyi [Ecdyonurus] - syn. aurantiaca [Baetis] orlando [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] pearsonorum [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistornalfl =g2 ornatipennis [Ecdyonurus] - in EcdyonuruS/fg2 pecatonica [Metreturus] - typus nominis Metreturus ornata [Ephemerellina] - in Vietnamellalfg(l) pectoralis [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. ornata [Mesobaetis] - in Euephemeroptera INC.SED. pedicellarius [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 ornata [Rhithrogenella] - typus nominis Rhithrogenella pellucida [Cinygma] - in Belovius/g2 ornatus [Chirotonetes] - typus nominis Nesameletus pellucida [Rhithrogena] - syn. manifesta [Rhithrogena] ornatus [Ecdyonurus] (in litt.) - in EcdyonuruS/fg2 pelosa [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl orontensis [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 penai [Chaquihua] - typus nominis Chaquihua oronti [Prosopistoma] - syn. phoenicum [Prosopistoma] penai [Chiloporter] - in Chiloporter/fg(l) orthostylus [Palaeoanthus] - typus nominis Palaeoanthus penicillata [Lithogloea] - typus nominis Lestagella oscensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 pennata [Caenis] - syn. harrisella [Brachycercus] ossibiontum [Asthenopodichnium] - in Animalia INC.SED. pennigerus [Limulus] - syn.foliaceus [Binoculus] otiosa [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/gl INC. SED. perculta [Ephemerella] - in Notacanthellalg(l) ourilm [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 pereirae [Leptohyphes] - syn. plaumanni [Leptohyphes] ovalis [Misthodotes] - in Permoplectoptera perfida [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/g2 ozrensis [Heptagenia] - in E1ectrogenalg(l) perjlava [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 p peridius [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodes/fgl packeri [Epeorus] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC.SED. peringueyi [Ecdyonurus] - typus nominis Afronurus packeri [Leptohyphes] - typus nominis Vacupernius permagnus [Ironopsis] - in Ironopsis/g2 pacoleta [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] permianum [Protereisma] - typus nominis Protereisma padunica [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 permkami [Crinitella] - syn. coheri [Ephemerella] pakistanicus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fgl INC.SED. perpusilla [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 palaearcticus [Oniscigaster] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 perscitus [Ameletus] - typus nominis Ameletopsis palaeon [Anomalon] - in Permoplectoptera persimplex [Heptagenia] - in Macdunnoalg(l) palanguim [Machadorythus] - typ.nom. Machadorythus peruanicus [Cercobrachys] - in Brachycercus/fl=g3 palawana [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 petersae [Mesogenesia] - typus nominis Mesogenesia pallens [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] peterseni [Ecdyonurus] - syn.lyriformis [Ecdyonurus] pallescens [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. peterseni [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 pallida [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 petersi [Asionurus] - in EcdyonuruS/fgl INC.SED. pallida [Eurycaenis] - syn.lacustris [Caenis] petersi [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocutalg2 pallida [O/igoneuria] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 petersi [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fg2 pallida [Plethogenesia] - in Plethogenesialgl petersorum [Cercobrachys] - in Brachycercus/fl =g3 pallidum [Stenonema] - in Stenacronlg(l) petersorum [Tricorythopsis] - syn.undulatus [Leptohyphes] pallidus [Brachycercus] - syn. harrisella [Brachycercus] petulans [Iron] - syn. morrisoni [Epeorus] pallidus [Campsurus] - in CampsuruS/fg3 pfeifferi [Campsurus] - in Campsurus/fg3 pallidus [Ecdyonurus] - in Afghanurus/gl INC.SED. pflugfelderi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 pallipes [Spanioph/ebia] - in Lachlanialgl phalarobranchus [Leptohyphes] - syn. packeri [L.] pamirensis [Iron] - in Ironlg2 philippina [Hexagenia] - in Eatonigenialgl pamirica [Rhithrogena] (in litt.) - in Himalogenalg(l) philippinensis [Afronurus] - in Afronurus/gl panamensis [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 philippinensis [Caenodes] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 papuana [Palingenia] - typus nominis Plethogenesia phoenicum [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 par [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulalgl phyllis [Siphlonurus] - in Siphlurellalg(1) parabrevipes [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 picea [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 paradinasi [Drunella] - in Torleyalg2 pichoni [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. paradoxa [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesialg2 picta [Austremerella] - typus nominis Austremerella paraguarius [Campsurus] - in Asthenopuslfgl picta [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl paraguttatus [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) picta [Mesoneta] - in Euephemeroptera INC.SED. paraguttatus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fgl INC. SED. picta [Palingenia] - in Anagenesialg2 parahelveticus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 picteti [Asthenopodes] - typus nominis Asthenopodes paranensis [Campsurus] - in Campsurus/fg3 picteti [Baetis] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 parishi [Campsurus] - in Tortopus/g(1) picteti [Rhithrogena] - syn. iridina [Baetis] parnassiana [Ephemera] - syn. danica [Ephemera] pictipennis [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. perpusi/la [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 pictipes [Isonychia] - syn. arida [Baetis] 424 INDEX pictiventris [Ephemera] - in EpbemeralfglO INC.SED. pulchella [Blanchardia] - typus nominis Triplosoba pictus [Ephemerythus] - in Epbemerythuslfgl pulchella [Palingenia] - in Maccaffertium/g(l) piechockii [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogena/fg4 pulcher [Afronurus) - syn. collarti [Adenophlebia) pieli [Ephemera] - in EpbemeralfglO INC. SED. pulchefflma [Ephemera) - in EphemeraJfgll pie"ei [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuslfgS pullus [Ecdyonurus] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 pilosus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptobypbeslfgl INC.SED. puma [Ecdyonurus) - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 pingguoyuanensis [Fpeorus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. pumila [Caenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. pini [Brachycercus] - in Bracbycercuslfl=g3 punctata [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 piraticus [Leptohyphes] - syn. zalope [Leptohyphes] punctatus [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. pirai [Traverhyphes] - in Traverhypheslg(l) punctatus [Nirvius] piscina [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 - typus nominis Nirvius pilatus [Ameletus] - syn. camtschaticus [Ameletus] - syn. duporti [Ephemera] pisciforme [Binoculus] - syn.foliaceus [Binoculus] punctifrons [Prosopistoma] - syn.foliaceus [Binoculus] placita [Heptagenia] - syn. terminatum [Palingenia] punctisetae [Drunella] - in Uracantbellalgl plana [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg3 INC.SED. punensis [Euthyplocia] - in Polymitarcyslf3=Ephoronlg4 platymera [Lepisma] - typus nominis Lepismophlebia purpurascens [Baetis] - syn. venosa [Ephemera] platysma [Heptagenia] - syn. perjlava [Heptagenia] purpurata [Ephemera] - in EpbemeraJfglO INC.SED. plaumanni [Caenis] - in Caenislffi=g4 purpurea [Mirawara] - in Mirawaralg(l) plaumanni [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypbeslfg2 purpureus [Oreianthus] - typus nominis Oreianthus pleuralis [Heptagenia] - in Iron/g2 pusilla [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 plexus [Australurus] -typus nominis Australurus pustula [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 plumosa [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA puthzi [Brasiliocaenis] - in Brasiliocaenislg(l) poconoensis [Eurylophella] - in Ewylophellalfg2 puthzi [Rhithrogena] - in RhithrogenaJfg4 podhalensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 putoranica [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl poecile [Oligoneuriella] - syn. palIida [Oligoneuria] puytoraci [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 poinari [Conovirilus] - typus nominis Conovirilus pygmaea [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 poincinsi [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 pyrenaicus [Siphlonurus] - syn.lacustris [Siphlonurus] polita [Isonychia] - syn. nikolskyi [Acanthametropus] Q polonica [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 qingyuanensis [Vietnamella] - in Vietnamellalfg(l) ponnca [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 quadrata [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Notacanthella popayanicus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl quadratus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 populus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptobypheslfg2 quadridentatus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 posticus [Rhoenanthus] - in EphemeraJfglO INC.SED. quadriguttata [Ephemera] - in EpbemeraJfglO INC.SED. potamalis [Rhithrogena] - in RbithrogenaJfg4 quadrilineata [Heptagenia] - in Electrogenalg(l) powelIi [Lachlania] - syn. saskatchewanensis [Lachlania] quadrinotata [Rhithrogena] - syn. bajkovae [Rhithrogena] praecox [Palingeniopsis] - typus nominis Palingeniopsis quadripunctata [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl pramodi [Ephemera] - in EpbemeraJfgll quadripunctata [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 priapus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptobypbeS/fgl INC.SED. quadripunctata [Pentagenia] - syn. vittigera [Palingenia] primitivus [Ameletus] - typus nominis Paleoameletus quaesitor [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 primus [Asionurus] - typus nominis Asionurus quarta [Oboriphlebia] - in Permoplectoptera primus [Campsurus] - in Tortopuslg(l) quatipuruica [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 prisca [Sciaria] - in Pennoplectoptera quebecensis [Cloe] - in SipblonuruS/fg4 pritchardi [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 queenslandica [Pseudocaenis] - typ.nom. Pseudocaenis procera [Ephemera] - typus nominis Mesephemera quercus [Leptoh).phes] - in Leptohypbeslfgl INC.SED. procerus [Ameletus] - syn. montanus [Ameletus] querula [Heptagenia] - syn. elegantula [Rhithrogena] procopi [Bojophlebia] - typus nominis Bojophlebia querulus [Ameletus] - syn. shepherdi [Ameletus] projecta [Neoephemera] - in Neoepbemeralfgl INC.SED. quinquespinum [Stenonema] - syn. exiguum [Stenonema] proprius [Iron] - syn. longimanus [Epeorus] quinta [Oboriphlebia] - in Permoplectoptera proserpina [Ephemerella] - syn. grandis [Ephemerella] quizeri [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl provonshai [Ephemerella] - in Danellalg(l) R proximum [Stenonema] - syn. interpunctata [Baetis] radai [Noya] - in Lachlanialgl prudens [Eurycaenis] - in Bracbycercuslfl=g3 radialis [Ecdyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. prudentalis [Ephemerella] - in Eurylopbellalfg2 rainulfiana [Cinygmina] - in Ecdyonurus/fgl INC.SED. pseudajJinis [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) rallus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptobypheS/fgl INC.SED. pseudamica [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 rama [Ephemerella] - in Epbemerella/fg3 INC.SED. pseudograndiae [Electrogena] - syn.fallax [Baetis] ramaleyi [Ecdyonurus] - typus nominis Cinygmula pseudorivulorum [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 ramanankasinae [Madecassorythus] psi [Epeorus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. - in MadecassorythuS/fg2 pubescens [Acanthomola] - typus nominis Acanthomola rangifera [Cinygmina] - in Afronurus/gl pudica [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA raphaeli [Madecassorythus] - in Madecassorythus/fg2 puella [Palingenia] - in Tortopuslg{l) rapidus [Siphlonurus] - in SiphlonuruS/fg4 SPECIES NAMES 425 rarus [Neoephemeropsis] - syn. chinensis [Potamanthellus] rothschildi [Ecdyonurus] - in EcdyonuruS/fg2 rautiani [Epeorus] - syn. anatolii [Epeorus] rotunda [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerella/fg3 INC.SED. reatina [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 rotundatus [Siberiogenites] - in Siberiogenites/g reaumuri [Eucharidis] rotundus [Siphangarus] - typus nominis Siphangarus - typus nominis Eucharidis rougemonti [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl - syn. lutea [Ephemera] rubescens [Cinygma] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. recticostalis [Siberiogenites] - in Siberiogenites/g rubescens [Cloe] - in BaetiscaJf3=g2 rectus [Prodromus] - typus nominis Prodromites rubeus [Epeorus] - in Belovius/g2 recurvata [Hexagenia] - typus nominis Litobrancha ruber [Ecdyonurus] - syn. modestus [Heptagenia] regia [Caenis] - syn.longus [Tricorythus] rubicunda [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 reisi [Ephemeropsis] - syn. trisetalis [Ephemeropsis] rubidus [Iron] - in EpeoruS/fg3 INC.SED. reissi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 rubiens [Potamanthellus] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. relevata [Australiphemera] - typ.nom. Australiphemera rubrofasciatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Afghanurus/g2 remensa [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll rubromaculata [Cinygmina] - in Afronurus/gl remota [Baetis] - in ColoburiscuS/fg3 rubromaculata [Heptagenia] - syn. modestus [Heptagenia] renata [Brasiliocaenis] - in Brasiliocaenis/g(1) rubroventris [Heptagenia] - in AfghanuruS/fgl INC.SED. ressli [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) rufa [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA reticulata [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl rufa [Ephemerella] - syn. punctisetae [Drunella] reticulata [Ephemera] - syn.lutea [Ephemera] rufa [Isonychia] - in lsonychialfg2 reticulata [Hexagenia] - syn. schoutedeni [Ephemera] rufescens [Ephemera] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] reticulatus [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuS/fg5 ruffieuxae [Proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocialg(l) reversalis [Heptagenia] - syn. cruentata [Heptagenia] ruffii [Ecdyonurus] - in EcdyonuruS/fg2 rhenana [Oligoneuria] - typus nominis Oligoneuriella rufous [Potamanthus] - syn. myops [Ephemera] rhenanus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. insignis [Heptagenia] rugosa [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 rhenicola [Caenis] - syn. pusilla [Caenis] rupestris [Pristiplocia] - typus nominis Pristiplocia rheophilus [Iron] - in lronopsis/g2 russevi [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 rhithralis [Epeorus] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC.SED. rusticalis [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/g2 ridens [Caenis] - typus nominis Amercaenis rusticus [Anepeorus] - typus nominis Anepeorus rieki [Pseudocaenis] - in Caenis/g4=g2 INC.SED. rutila [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f6=g4 rigida [Hexagenia] - in Hexagenialfg3 ryszardi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 rivulicolus [Ecdyonurus] - syn. vicaria [Baetis] S rivulorum [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 sabahensis [Stygifloris] - typus nominis Stygifloris rivulorum [Ecdyonurus] - syn.lateralis [Baetis] sabinas [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fgl INC.SED. rivuscellana [Electrogena] - syn. ujhelyii [Ecdyonurus] sacculobranchis [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl robacki [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED. sachalinensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll robusta [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 sachalinensis [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl robusta [Palingenia] - in Anagenesialg2 sadleri [Isonychia] - syn. bicolor [Palingenia] robusta [Pentagenia] - syn. vittigera [Palingenia] salvini [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/gl INC.SED. robusta [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 salviniae [Homoeoneuria] - typus nominis Homoeoneuria rodocki [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/gl INC.SED. samalorum [Ecdyonurus] - syn. ujhelyii [Ecdyonurus] roeselii [Palingenia] samochai [Sigmoneuria] - in Heptagenia/f8=g7 - typus nominis Jolia sampsoni [Exeuthyplocia] - typus nominis Afroplocia - syn. ignota [Baetis] sanctagabriel [Iron] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC.SED. rogersi [Baetisca] - in BaetiscaJf3=g2 sangangensis [Afronurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. rohdendorfi [Rhoenanthus] - syn. coreanus [Potamanthus] sangangensis [Potamanthodes] - in Rhoenanthus/gl rolandi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 sangangensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 rolandi [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuS/fg5 sanguinea [Rhithrogena] - syn. impersonata [Heptagenia] rolstoni [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fgl INC.SED. sanjianfangensis [Mesobaetis] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. romantzovi [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll santarita [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgl rosacea [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] sanukensis [Siphlurus] - in Siphlonurus/fg4 rosae [Spinirythus] - in Spinirythus/g(l) sapporensis [Siphlurus] - in Cinygmulalgl rosea [Ephemera] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] sarae [Tortopus] - in Tortopus/g(l) rosea [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/gl INC.SED. sardoa [Baetis] - syn.fallax [Baetis] rossenrayensis [Protereisma] - in Permoplectoptera saskatchewanensis [Lachlania] - in Lachlanialgl rossi [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. satsuki [Rhithrogena] - syn. tetrapunctigera [Rhithrogena] rossi [A(yanmarella] - typus nominis A(yanmarella sauteri [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fglO INC.SED. rossica [Lethaea] - syn. trisetalis [Ephemeropsis] savignyi [Palingenia] - in Polyrnitarcys/f3=Ephoron/g4 rossicus [Ecdyonurus] - syn.jUscogrisea [Ephemera] savoiensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 rossicus [Phtharthus] sayi [Isonychia] - in Prionoides/g(l) - typus nominis Phtharthus scalaris [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyogymnurus/g(l) - syn. netshaevi [Phtharthus] schoutedeni [Ephemera] - typus nominis Eatonica 426 INDEX schucherti [Syntonoptera] - typus nominis Syntonoptera simplex [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Danella schwertschlageri [Paedephemera] - typus nominis Olgisca simplex [Heptagenia] - in Anepeoruslfgl scitulum (Stenonema] - syn.femorata [Baetis] simplicioides [Heptagenia] - typus nominis Alckarion scotti [Afronurus] - in Aftonuruslgl simulans [Caenis] - syn. amica [Caenif] scotti [Caenif] - in Caenis/:ffi=g4 simulans [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll scotti [Caenif] nom.praeocc. - syn. tillyardi [Caenis] sinclairi [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertium/g(l) sculptor [Dulcimanna] - typus nominis Dulcimanno sinense [prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl =g2 scutellaris (CmI¥'surus] - in Campsuruslfg3 sinensis [Ephemerella] - in Vietnamellalfg(l) seca [Eatonigenia] - in Eatonigenialgl sinensis [Iron] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. securifer [Sq,hlonurus] - in Sipblonurus/fg4 sinensis [Isonychia] - in lsonychialfg2 sedlaceki [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl =g2 sinespinosus [Iron] - in Ironlg2 segnif [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 sinu [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. selini [Hexameropsis] - typus nominis Hexameropsis sinica [Philolimnias] - typus nominis Philolimnias sellardsi [Protereisma] - in Permoplectoptera sinitshenkovae [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) semicolorata [Baetis] - typus nominis Rhithrogeno sinitshenkovae [Epeorus] - in Beloviuslg2 semiflava [Ephemerella] - syn. excrucians [Ephemerella] sinuosus [Adenophlebia] - in Notonurus/g semitincta [Baetis] - syn. semicolorata [Baetis] sinuosus [&dyonurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. separigata [Ephemera] - in Sinephemeralg(l) siveci [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 septentrionalis [Brasiliocaenis] - in Brasiliocaenislg(l) siveci [Iron] - in Ironlg2 septentrionalis [Ephemerella] - in Amurellalg(l) sjostedti [Caenis] - in Dicercomyzonlfg(l) sepulta [Rhithrogena] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. skhounate [Oligoneuriopsis] - in Oligoneuriopsislg(l) sequoia [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. skoura [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriellalg2 serica [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll smirnovi [Ciny,gmula] - syn. pellucida [Cinygma] serpentis [Cercobrachys] - in Brachycercuslfl =g3 smithae [Stenonema] - in Maccaffertium/g(l) se"ata [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Se"atella soanensis [Ephemera] - syn. soanica [Ephemera] serrata [Ephemerella] nom.praeocc. soanica [Ephemera] - in EphemeralfglO INC.SED. - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. solangensis [Afronurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. se"ata [Isonychia] - in Prionoideslg(l) solangensis [Heptagenia] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. serratoides [Ephemerella] - syn. molita [Ephemerella] soldani [Drunella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. setigera [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 soldani [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) setosus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfg2 soldatovi [Heptagenia] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] sexpetala [Isonychia] (in litt.) - in lsonychialfg2 solida [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl shanguanensis [Caenoephemera] -typ.nom Caenoephemera solitaria [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 shanwangensis [Ephemerella] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. soquele [Ephemerella] - in Attenellalfg(l) sharovi [Misthodotes] - in Permoplectoptera sordida [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. shengmi [Ephemera] - in Sinephemeralg(l) sordidus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl shepherdi [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 soteria [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 shigae [Polymitarcys] - in Polymitarcyslt3=Ephoronlg4 southi [Haplogenia] shima [Rhoenanthus] - in Prionoideslg(l) - typus nominis Haplogenia siamensis [Ephemera] - typus nominis Dicrephemera - syn. congener [Arthroplea] sibillina [Rhithrogena] - in Rbithrogenalfg4 sowai [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 sibirica [Ephemerella] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] sp.Cl - in Caenislf6=g4 sibirica [Isonychia ussurica] (in litt.) - in lsonychialfg2 sp.Cinl - in Cincticostellalg3 sibirica [Mesobaetis] - typus nominis Mesobaetis sp.Cin2 - in Cincticostellalg3 sibirica [Palingenia] - in Chankagenesialg(l) sp.Corl - in Coryphoruslgl sibirica [Rhithrogena] - typus nominis Sibirigena sp.EI- in Sinephemeralg(l) sibirica [Stackelbergisca] - typus nominis Stackelbergisca sp.E2 - in Sinephemeralg(l) sibuyanensis [Afronurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. sp.ELl - in Notacanthellalg(l) sicca [Baetis] - in lsonychialfg2 sp.HI - in Ecdyogymnuruslg(l) sie"a [Ephemerella] - syn. spinifera [Ephemerella] sp.H2 - in Notacanthuruslg(1) sierramaestrae [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl sp.H3 - in Notacanthuruslg(l) sigillata [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 sp.H4 - in Ecdyonuroideslg(l) sigillatus [Tricorythopsis] - in Tricorythopsislg(l) sp.H5 - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 signatum [Siphloplecton] - syn. basale [Baetis] sp.HCI - in Hyrtanellalfl=Crinitellalgl signatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fgl INC.SED. sp.MI- in Machadorythuslfg(l) sikorai [Euthyplocia] - typus nominis Proboscidoplocia sp.Pl- in Rhoenanthuslgl silvudus [Spiritiops] - typus nominis Spiritiops sp.P2 - in Rhoenanthus/gl simila [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. sp.P3 - in Rhoenanthuslgl simile [Siphloplecton] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) sp.01- in Oligoneuriopsis/g(l) similis [Isonychia] - in Prionoideslg(l) sp.02 - in Elassoneurialg2 similor [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 sp.03 - in Spaniophlebialg(1) SPECIES NAMES 427

sp.04 - in Oligoneuriaff5=g6 subnotatus [Ameletus] - typus nominis Ameletus sp.05 - in Oligoneuriaff3=g6 subpallidus [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. sp.Sl- in Siphlonuruslfg4 subsolana [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. sp.S2 - in Siphlonuruslfg4 subspinosa [Nixe] - syn. zhi/tzovae [Paracinygmula] sp.S3 - in Parameletuslfg2 subvaria [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. sp.Tl - in Teloganodes/fgl succinus [Leptohyphes] - syn. zalope [Leptohyphes] sp.T2 - in Teloganodeslfgl sudafricanum [Centropti/um] - typus nominis Afroptilum sp.T3 - in Teloganodeslfgl suffosus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 sp.T4 - in Teloganodeslfgl suffusus [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. sp.Ul- in Uracanthellafgl sukashii [Siphlonisca] - syn. shima [Rhoenanthus] sp.U2 - in Uracanthellafgl sulphurea [Ephemera] - in Heptageniaff8=g7 sp.U3 - in Uracanthellafgl sumatranus [Chirotonetes] - in lsonychiaffg2 sp.Vl- in Tasmanophlebiafgl sumatranus [&dyonurus] - typus nominis &dyonuroides sparsatus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 supposita [Ephemera] - in EphemeraffglO INC.SED. speciosa [Ephemera] - in NOMINA DUBIA suzukianum [Cinygma] - syn. tobiironis [Ecdyonurus] speciosa [Ephemera] nom.praeocc. - in Permoplectoptera suzukiella [Kageronia] speciosum [Siphloplecton] - in Siphloplectonlfg(l) - typus nominis Kageronia speciosus [Rhoenanthus] - typus nominis Rhoenanthus - syn. kihada [Heptagenia] spectabilis [Compsoneuria] - typus nominis Compsoneuria suzukii [Dipteromimodes] spectabilis [SljJhlonurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 - typus nominis Dipteromimodes sphyxia [Manohyphella] - in Melanemerellaffgl - syn. tipuliformis [Dipteromimus] spiculosa [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. svenhedini [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. spi/osa [Ephemera] - in EphemeraffglO INC.SED. swammerdamiana [Ephemera] - syn.longicauda [.Ephemera] spinifera [Ephemerella] - in Drunellafgl swammerdiana [Ephemera] - syn. longicauda [Ephemera] spinosa [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 swatensis [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. spinosa [Cinygmula] - syn.levanidovi [Cinygmula] sylvestris [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 spinosa [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. sylvicola [Baetis] - in Epeorus/fg4 spinosa [Ephemerella] nom.praeocc. - syn. ikonomovi [E.] T spinosa [Heptagenia] - in Afghanurus/gl INC. SED. tacajalo [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfg2 spinosus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED. tadzhikorum [Heptagenia] - syn.perjlava [Heptagenia] spinosus [Siphlurus] - syn. aestivalis [Siphlurus] taeniata [Ephemerella] - syn. aurivillii [Chitonophora] spodiocephala [Anagenesia] - in Anagenesiafg2 taimyricum [Palaeocloeon] - typus nominis Palaeocloeon squamatus [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenafg(l) talea [Lachlania] - in Lachlaniafgl srinagari [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 taprobanes [Povilla] - in Asthenopuslfgl stackelbergi [Rhithrogena] - in Himalogenafg(l) tarda [Cinygma] - in Cinygmulafgl stapji [Misthodotes] - in Permoplectoptera tardata [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 starmachi [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fg2 tarsalis [Atopopus] - typus nominis Atopopus steinmanni [Iron] - syn. alpicola [Heptagenia] tarsos [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC. SED. stigma [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA tarteri [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 stocki [Aphelophlebodes] - typus nominis Aphelophlebodes tateyamana [Rhithrogena] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. straminea [Baetis] - syn. sulphurea [Ephemera] tatrica [Rhithrogena] - syn. loyolaea [Rhithrogena] straeleni [Ephemerythus] - typus nominis Tricomerella taurisca [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenaffg4 strenua [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenaffg4 tauroides [Madecocercus] - typus nominis Madecocercus striatum [Ephemera] nom. praeocc. - syn. brunnea [E.] teberdensis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenaffg4 striatus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 temerata [Polymitarcys] - syn. savignyi [Palingenia] strigata [Ephemera] - typus nominis Sinephemera temporalis [Ephemerella] - in Eurylophellaffg2 strugaensis [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 tenax [Ephemerella] - syn. triacantha [Ephemerella] stubbei [&dyonurus] - syn.joernensis [Ecdyurus] tenella [Eurycaenis] - in Furcatergaliae INC.SED. stygiatus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl tenera [Palingenia] - in Anagenesiafg2 subaequalis [Heptagenia] - in Cinygmulafgl tenuis [Iron] - syn.fragi/is [Iron] subalpinus [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 teresa [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellaffg3 INC.SED. subalpinus [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 terminata [Palingenia] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) subangufata [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenaffg3 INC.SED. tertia [Oboriphlebia] - in Perrnoplectoptera subcostalis [Potamanthus] - in Rhoenanthuslgl tertius [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 subflavus [Afronurus] - in Afronurus/gl tertius [Epeoromimus] - typus nominis Foliomimus subfusca [Baetis] - syn. venosa [Ephemera] tertius [Metretopus] - in Metretopuslfg2 subfoscus [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonurus/fgl INC.SED. tessel/ata [Baetis] - syn. vicaria [Baetis] sublineata [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenaffg4 tetrapunctigera [Rhithrogena] - in Rhi1hmgenalfg3 INC. SED. sublongicauda [Pa/ingenia] - in Palingeniaff4=g3 texanus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl submontana [Ephemerella] - in Drunellafgl thailandensis [Serratella] - syn. gosei [Ephemerella] submontanus [&dyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 thalia [Isonychia]) - syn. georgiae [Isonychia] 428 INDEX tham [Vietnamella] - typus nominis Vietnamella trispina [Ephemerella] - typus nominis Tribrochella theischingeri [Rhithrogena] - in Rbithrogenalfg4 trispina [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 thetis [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocuta/g2 tristis [Cloe] -typus nominis Teloganodes thienemanni [Compsoneuriella] - typ.nom. Compsoneuriella troubati [Afromera] - in Aftomeralgl thomasi [Pseudokageronia] - typ.nom. Pseudokageronia truncatus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 thomasi [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 tshernovae [Behningia] - in Behningialfg3 thomasorum [Provonshaka] - typos nominis Provonshaka tshernovae [Epeorus] - syn. pellucida [Cinygma] thomsenae [Baetisca] - syn. carolina [Baetisca] tshernovae [Ephemerella] - in Cincticostellalg3 thomsoni [Siphlurella] tshernovae [Iron] - syn. maculatus [Iron] - typus nominis Siphlurella tshernovae [Neoephemera] - typus nominis Ochernova - syn. altemota [Baetis] tskhomelidzei [Oligoneuriella] - in Oligoneuriella/g2 thracica [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 tuba [Caenis] - in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED. thymalli [Ephemerella] - syn. nuda [Ephemerella] tuberculata [Ephemerella] - typos nominis Unirachella tianmushanensis [Ephemerella] -inEphemerellalfg3 INC.SED. tuberculatus [Ameletus] - syn. celer [Ameletus] tianshanica [Iron] - in Ironlg2 tuberculatus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl =g3 tianshanica [Rhithrogena] - typos nominis Himalogena tuberculatus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfg2 tianshanica [Stenonema] - syn. rubrofasciatus [~onurus] tubulatus [Brachycercus] - in Brachycercuslfl=g3 tiberius [Epeorus] - in Epeorus/fg3 INC.SED. tushilgae [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. tibiale [Cinygma] - in Epeiron/g(l) tumida [Caenis] - syn.lactea [Oxycypha] tibialis [Atopopus] - in Atopopuslg2 tumiforceps [Serratella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. tibialis [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 tusculanensis [Isonychia] - in lsonychialfg2 tigris [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED. typicus [Siphlurus] - in Siphlonuruslfg4 tillyardi [Caenis] - typus nominis Brachycaenis U tinctus [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED. uenoi [Ephemerella] - in Torleyalg2 tinctus [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 uenoi [Iron] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. tingi [Ephemeropsis] - typus nominis Turfanerella ugandanus [Afronurus] - in Aftonuruslgl tioga [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl uhari [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg3 INC.SED. tipuliformis [Dipteromimus] - typus nominis Dipteromimus ujhelyii [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogenalg(l) tobiironis [Ecdyonurus] - in Thamnodontuslg(l) ulmeri [Asionurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED. tolae [Ameletus] - in Ameletuslfg2 ulmeri [Behningia] - typus nominis Behningia tollandi [Iron] - syn. ramaleyi [Ecdyonurus] ulmeri [Caenis] - syn. robusta [Caenis] tonkinensis [Rhithrogenella] - in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED. ulmeri [Caenodes) - typus nominis Caenodes tonnoiri [Coloburiscus] - in Coloburiscuslfg3 ulmeri [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 tonnoiri [Tasmanocoenis] - typus nominis Tasmanocoenis ulmeri [Povilla] - syn. corporaali [Asthenopus] torrentis [Ecdyonurus] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 ulmeri [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl torrentium [Epeorus] - typus nominis Epeorus umbrata [Teloganella] - typus nominis Teloganella torrentium [Ephemerella] - syn. ignita [Ephemera] umbratica [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocutalg2 torrida [Baetis] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. umbrosa [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 tortinervis [Adenophlebia] - in Notonuruslg umgeni [Cl)peocaenis] - in Clypeocaenislg3 towadensis [Ameletus] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. undatella [Ephemerella] - syn. uenoi [Ephemerella] townesi [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 undatus [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl tracheata [Albisca] - typus nominis Albisca undina [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. transbaikalica [Clavineta] - in Clavineta undosa [Caenis] - syn.lactea [Oxycypha] transbajkalica [Ephemera] - in Ephemera!fgll undulatus [Epeorus] - in Sibirigenalg(l) traverae [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgl1 undulatus [Leptohyphes] - in Tricorythopsislg(l) traverae [Ephemerella] - syn. submontana [Ephemerella] unguiculatus [Campsurus] - in Tortopuslg(l) traverae [Heptagenia] - in Heptagenialf8=g7 unicolor [Rhithrogena] - syn./epnevae [Rhithrogena] triacantha [Ephemerella] - in Drunellalgl unicolorata [Chitonophora] - syn. mucronata [Ch.] trialae [Spaniophlebia] - typus nominis Spaniophlebia unicolorata [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl triangularis [Siphlonurus] - syn. quebecensis [Cloe] unicornis [Ephemerella] - in Ephemerellalfg3 INC.SED. triassica [Mesoneta] - in Euephemeroptera INC.SED. uniformis [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmulalgl trilineata [Ephemerella] - syn. doris [Ephemerella] unispinosus [Epeorus] - in Epeoruslfg3 INC.SED. trimaculata [Heptagenia] - in Electrogenalg(l) uralensis [Triassomachilis] - typus nominis Triassomachilis trimeniana [Oligoneuria] - typus nominis Elassoneuria uralicum [Protereisma] - in Permoplectoptera trinervis [Metretopus] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. ussingi [Rhithrogena] - syn. germanica [Rhithrogena] trip/ex [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll ussurica [Isonychia] - in lsonychialfg2 tripunctata [Heptagenia] utriculala [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. - typus nominis Stenonema uzbekistanicus [Epeiron] - in Epeiron/g(l) - syn.femorata [Baetis] V trirama [Eatonigenia] - in Eatonigenialgl vaillanti [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogenalfg4 trisetalis [Ephemeropsis] - typus nominis Ephemeropsis valentinae [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 SPECIES NAMES 429 validus [Ameletus] - in AmeletuS/fg2 walkeri [Potamanthus] - syn. verticis [Baetis] validus [Chirotonetes] - in Anteritoma INC.SED. wal/acei [Spinadis] vancouvernensis [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 - typus nominis Spinadis varia [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll - syn. simplex [Heptagenia] variabilis [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] wal/eyi [Ameletus] - in Ameletus/fg2 variabilis [Tricorythus] - in Tricorythuslfg5 wanquanensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll varicauda [Caenis] -typus nominis Tricorythus walshi [Heptagenia] - in Leucrocuta/g2 variegatum [Afroptilum] - in Afroptiloides/g(l) wappaei [Ephemera] - in Campsuruslfg3 variegatum [Prosopistoma] - typus nominis Prosopistoma wautieri [&dyonurus] - syn. ruffii [&dyonurus] varium [Stenonema] - syn. modestus [Heptagenia] wayah [Ephemerel/a] - syn. tuberculata [Ephemerella] vayssiere [Proboscidoplocia] - in Proboscidoplocia/g(l) weewa [Hexagenia] - syn. limbata [Ephemera] vedana [Ephemera] - syn. expectans [Potamanthus] werestschagini [Heptagenia] - syn. simplicioides [H] velma [Isonychia] - in lsonychia/fg2 weyenberghii [Hexagenites] velmae [Ephemerel/a] - in Ephemerella/fg3 INC.SED. - typus nominis Hexagenites velox [Ameletus] - in AmeletuS/fg2 - syn. cellulosa [Ephemera] velteni [Balticobaetisca] - typus nominis Balticobaetisca weyenberghi [Mesephemera] - in Permoplectoptera venosa [Ephemera] - typus nominis &dyonurus wilsoni [Ephemerella] - syn. coloradensis [Ephemerel/a] venusta [Hexagenia] - syn.limbata [Ephemera] winkleri [Isonychia] - in lsonychia/fg2] ventilans [Siphlonel/a] - typus nominis Siphlonel/a wittmeri [&dyonurus] - in EcdyonuruS/fgl INC.SED. verisimilis [Ephemerel/a] - in Eurylophella/fg2 wolosatkae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 vernalis [Ameletus] - in AmeletuS/fg2 wouterae [Prosopistoma] - in Prosopistomalfl=g2 vernalis [Cinygma] - in Cinygmula/gl wuchowensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fgll vernalis [Ephemerel/a] - syn. rotunda [Ephemerel/a] X vernalis [Siphlonurus] - syn. aestivalis [Siphlurus] xiasimaensis [Cinygma] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. verrierae [Dicercomyzon] - in Dicercomyzonlfg(l) xiaosimaensis [Ephemerellina] - in Ephemerell&'fg3 INC. SED. verrucosa [Ephemerela] - syn. nuda [Ephemerel/a] xylobiontum [Asthenopodichnium] verticis [Baetis] - typus nominis Anthopotamus - typus nominis Asthenopodichnium vescus [Leptoh)phes] - in Allenhyphes/gl y vespertina [Ephemera] - typus nominis Leptophlebia yadongxiasimaensis [Afronurus] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. vicaria [Baetis] - in Maccaffertiumlg(l) yangi [Anagenesia] - in Chankagenesia/g(l) vicinus [Afghanurus] - typus nominis Afghanurus yangi [Caenis] - in CaeniS/f4=g2 INC.SED. vietnamensis [&dyonuroides] - in EcdyonuroideS/fg(l) yaoshani [Ephemera] - in Ephemeralfgll violacea [Sparrea] - syn.japonicus [Chirotonetes] yixingensis [Cinygmina] - in Afronurus/gl violaceus [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 yixingensis [Ephemere/la] - in Uracanthella/gl violettae [Ranorythus] - typus nominis Ranorythus yacutinga [Tricoryrhopsis] - in Tricorythopsislg(l) vipavensis [Electrogena] - in Electrogena/g(l) yadohglinensis [Cinygmula] - in Radulapalpata INC.SED. virgo [Ephemera] - typus nominis Polymitarcys yanahuicsa [Haplohyphes] - in Haplohyphes/g(l) viridescens [Palingenia] - syn. Iimbata [Ephemera] yangi [Caenis] - in Caenis/f6=g4 viridis [Heptagenia] - in Afronurus/gl yapa [Yaurina] - in Yaurina/g(l) virilis [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg3 INC.SED. yooni [Potamanthus] - in Rhoenanthuslgl viriosus [Leptoh)phes] - syn. minimus [Leptohyphes] yosemite [Ephemerella] - syn. grandis [Ephemerella] viscata [Ephemerella] - Ephemerella/fgl INC.SED. yoshidae [&dyonurus] - in Afronuruslgl vitalisi [PoIJPlocia] - typus nominis PolJPlocia yoshinoensis [Ephemerella] - in Drunella/gl vitalisi [Rhoenanthus] - syn. magnificus [Rhoenanthus] yoshinoensis [Siphlonurus] - in SiphlonuruS/fg4 vitrea [Ephemera] - in NOMINADUBIA yougoslavicus [Iron] - in Ironopsis/g2 vitrea [Palingenia] - in Proepeorus/g(l) youi [Neopotamanthus] - typus nominis Neopotamanthus vitta [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg3 INC.SED. youngi [Caenis] - in Caenislf6=g4 vittigera [Palingenia] - typus nominis Pentagenia youngi [Iron] - syn. albertae [Iron] volitans [Heptagenia] - syn.juscogrisea [Ephemera] youngi [Neoephemera] - in Neoephemeralfg2 volsel/us [Tricorythopsis] - in Tricorythopsis/g(l) yunnanensis [Potamanthodes] - in Rhoenanthuslg vschivlcovae [Isonychia] (in litt.) - in lsonychia/fg2 yura [Tricorythodes] - in Tricorythodeslfgl vulcanus [Nesameletus] - in Nesameletus'f2=Metamoniuslg2 yuta [Yaurina] - typus nominis Yaurina vulgaris [Tricorythus] - in TricorythuS/fg5 Z vulgata [Ephemera] - typus nominis Ephemera zachvatkini [Ciny,gmula] - syn. levis [Fpeorus] vuipecula [Rhithrogena] - syn. semicolorata [Baetis] zaitzevi [Epeorus] - in Epeorus/fg4 vulturnus [Leptohyphes] - in LeptohypheS/fgl INC.SED. zalesskyi [Misthodotes] - in Permoplectoptera W zalope [Leptohyphes] - in Leptohypheslfg2 wabasha [Stenonema] - syn. mexicana [Heptagenia] zanga [Oligoneuriel/a] -syn. tskhomelidzei [Oligoneuriella] wahensis [Ephemerella] - in Torleya/gl INC.SED. zapekinae [Ephemerel/a] - in Torleya/g2 wakefieldi [Oniscigaster] - typus nominis Oniscigaster zebrata [Baetis] - in Electrogena/g(1) walkeri [Ephemerel/a] - in Drunella/gl zelinkai [Rhithrogena] - in Rhithrogena/fg4 430 INDEX zelleri [Ec~] - in Ecdyonuruslfg2 zhiltzovae [Rhithrogena] - in Rhitbrogenalfg4 zelus [LeptolOOJhes] - syn. zalope [LeptolOOJhes] zikani [Campsurus] - in Campsuruslfg3 zernyi [Rhithrogena] - in Rbitbrogenalfg4 zimmermanni [Cinygmula] - in Cinygmu1algl zettana [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fgII zimmermanni [Ecdyonurus] - in Electrogena/g(I) zetterstedti [Sq,hlurus] - syn.lacustris [Sq,hlonurus] znojkoi [Ecdyonurus] - in Epeironlg(I) zhangjiajiensis [Ephemera] - in Ephemera/fgII znojkoi [Iron] - in Caucasironlg(l) zhelochovtsevi [Sq,hlonurus] - in Sipblonuruslfg4 zolensis [Mesoneta] - in Euplectoptera INC.SED. zherichini [Cretoneta] - typus nominis Cretoneta zottai [Campsurus] - in Tortopuslg(I) zhiltzovae [Ecdyonurus] - typus nominis Notocanthurus zunigae [Tricorythodes] - in TricorythodeS/fgI zhiltzovae [Paracinygmula] - typus nominis Paracinygmula 431

Index of supraspecies taxa names

This index includes hierarchical and circumscriptional supraspecies taxa names mentioned in this volume. Ranking family• group names are not included (letter "f' after the genus-group name indicates the whole complex of family-group names formed from this genus-group name). For each name after a dash ("-"), its place in the book is indicated: for a valid name - taxon number in brackets; for invalid name - higher taxon name after the preposition "in" or the oldest synonym after the abbreviation "syn."; abbreviation "INC.SED." means "INCERTAE SEDIS".

Acanthametropus/fgl - (2.1 ;5) 88 Araneus/fg8 - (Chapter I) 17 Acanthametropus/fg2 - (2.1 ;5,2) 89 Archaeobehningialg - (in Mesogenesialgl) 356 Acanthomolalg(l) - (in Radulapalpata INC.SED.) 208 Archipterygota - (syn. Ephemeroptera) 59 Acerella - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Ephacerella) 307 Arctiscon/fgl- (Chapter I) 17 Aenigmephemeralfg - (in Euephemeroptera INc.SED.) 359 Arthroplealfg(l) - (2.2;1,2-211) 164 Aethephemeralg - (in EphemeralfglO INC.SED.) 237 Arthropoda s.l. - (Chapter I) 17 Afghanurus/gl - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2,2) 180 Arthropoda s.str. - (Chapter I) 17 Afghanuruslgl INCERTAE SEDIS 181 Asiatella - (syn. Cincticostella) 306 Afghanurus/g2 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2,2-1) 180 Asionurus/g - (in Ecdyonuruslfgl INc.SED.) 185 Afrocaenis/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-4/1) 291 Asioplax/g - (in Tricorythodeslfgl) 344 Afrocercus/g - (in Caenoptera INC. SED. ) 292 Asthenopodes/g - (in Asthenopusifgl) 267 Afromeralgl - (2.2;2,1-3/2.1 ;2) 235 Asthenopodichnium/g - (in Animalia INC.SED.) 361 Afronurus/gl - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2,3-6) 184 Asthenopus/fg1 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;2,1) 266 Afroplocialg(l) - (2.2;2,1-2/5.1) 232 Atalophlebialfgl - (in: Classif. of Leptophlebialfgl) 350 Afroptilum/fl=••. - (in Classif. ofTurbanoculata) 105 Atelocerata - (Chapter I) 17 Afrotricorythi - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1. Tricorythus/fg3) 327 Atopopus/g1 - (2.2;1,2-2/2.1 ;2,3) 181 Akkarion/g - (in Afghanuruslg2) 180 Atopopus/g2 - (2.2;1,2-2/2.1;2,3-2) 182 Albertiron/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;3,2-2/3.1) 205 Attenellalfg(l) - (2.2;2,2-111.1) 301 Albiscalg - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Attenuatella - (nom. paeocc.; syn. Attenella) 301 Allenhyphes/g(l) - (2.2;2,2-2/5.2;2) 336 Aureophlebia - (Age ofLeptophlebialfgl) 350 Alloydialg - (in Lachlanialgl) 146 Australiphemera/fg - (in Fimbriatotergaliae INC.SED.) 292 Ameletoideslg - (in Nesameletuslf2=Metamoniuslg2) 110 Australuruslg - (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 358 Ameletopsis/fgl - (2.1; 10) 114 Austremerellalfg(l) - (2.2;2,2-2/2) 317 Ameletopsislfg2 - (2.1;10,1) 118 Austrocaenislg - (in Caenislf6=g4) 288 Ameletuslfgl- (2.1;3) 80 Babalfgl- (in Furcatergaliae INC.SED.) 351 Ameletus/fg2 - (2.1;3,2) 82 Baetis/fgl- (2.1. Tridentiseta) 73 Amercaenislg(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-3/1) 289 Baetislfg2 - (2.1;7. Tetramerotarsata) 94 Amerogenialg - (in Pentamerotarsata INC. SED. ) 209 Baetislfg3-(2.1;7,2. Liberevenata) 100 Ametropus/fg(l) - (2.1 ;3) 93 Baetis/fg4 - (2.1;7,2-2. Turbanoculata) 101 Amurellalg - (2.2;2,2-112.2;5) 315 Baetis/fg5 - (in: Classif. ofTurbanoculata) 105 Amyocerata - (Chapter I) 18 BaetiscalO=Prosopistomalgl - (1. Posteritoma) 61 Anagenesialgl - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1 ;2,2) 254 Baetiscalf2=gl - (1.2) 68 Anagenesialg2 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1 ;2,2-3) 255 Baetiscalf3=g2 - (1.2;2) 69 Analetris/fg(l) - (2.1 ;5,1) 89 Baetiscalf4=g3 - (1.2;2,2) 69 Androminalg - (in Siphlonuruslfg4) 75 Baltameletuslg - (in Anteritoma INC.SED.) 355 Anepeoruslfgl - (in Pentamerotarsata INC. SED. ) 209 Balticobaetiscalg1- (1.2;1) 68 Animalia INCERTAE SEDIS 361 Balticophlebialg - (in Anteritoma INC.SED.) 355 Anisoptera - (syn. Ephemeroptera) 59 Bantiscalg - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Antennopoda - (Chapter I) 17 Barnardaralg(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-3/2.1) 290 Anteritorna - (2. Ephemeralfg4) 71 Behningialfgl- (2.2;2,1-3/3) 243 Anteritoma INCERTAE SEDIS 353 Behningialfg2 - (2.2;2,1-3/3.2) 245 Anteropatellata - (in Classif. ofTurbanoculata) 105 Behningialfg3 - (2.2;2,1-3/3.2;2) 245 Anthopotamuslg(l) - (2.2;2,1-112.2) 223 Belovius/gl-(2.2; 1,2-212.4;3,2-2/3) 204 Aphelophlebodes/fg - (in Eulectoptera INc.SED.) 357 Beloviuslg2 - (2.2;1,2-212.4;3,2-2/3.2) 205 Apterentoma - (Chapter I) 18 Bidentiseta - (2.2. Ephemeralfg5) 124 Apterygota - (Chapter I) 18 Binoculus - (nom. praeocc.; in Prosopistomalfl =g2) 64 Araneus/fg6 - (Chapter I) 17 Blanchardia - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Triplosoba) 56 Araneuslfg7 - (Chapter I) 17 Blasturophlebialg - (in Furcatergaliae INc.SED.) 351 432 INDEX

Bleptuslg(l) - (2.2;1,2-212.4;3,1) 201 Cinygminalg - (in Afronuruslg2) 184 Bojophlebialfg - (in Syntonopteralfgl) 360 Cinygmoideslg - (in Radulapalpata INC. SED.) 208 Bolbonyx/g - (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 358 Cinygmulalgl-(2.2;1,2-2!2.4;2,1) 192 Borephemeralg - (in Fimbriatotergaliae INc.SED.) 293 Clavinetalg - (in Eusetisura INC.SED.) 147 Borisonyehialg(l) - (in lsonychalfgl INc.SED.) 136 Clephemeralg - (in Euephemeroptera INc.SED.) 360 Braehyeereuslgl- (2.2;2,1-4. Caenotergaliae) 269 Cloeon/fg - (in Classif. ofTurbanoculata) 104 Braehyeereuslgl- (2.2;2,1-4/2. Caenoptera) 177 Clypeoeaenislgl- (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-3) 289 Braehyeereuslfl =g3 - (2.2;2,1-4/2.1) 284 Clypeoeaenislgl- (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-3/2) 290 Brachyphlebia - (syn. Baetis) 73 Clypeoeaenislg3 - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-3/2.2) 290 Branehitergaliae - (2.2; l.HeptagenJfl =Oligoneur.lgl) 124 Coenis - (syn. Caenis) 285 Brasilioeaenislg(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-2) 189 Coloburiseoideslg(l) - (2.2;1,1-111) 127 Brevitibialg - (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 357 Coloburiseuslfgl - (2.2; I, I-I) 126 Bruchella - (syn. Leptohyphes) 333 Coloburiseuslfg2 - (2.2;1,1-112) 128 Caenislfl=••• - (2.2;2,1-4.Caenotergaliae) 169 Coloburiseuslfg3 - (2.2;1,1-112.1) 128 Caenislfl=••• - (2.2;2,1-4/2.Caenoptera) 277 Coloburus - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Coloburiscus) 126 Caenislf3=gl- (2.2;2,1-4/2.2) 285 Coloeruslfg - (in Discoglossata INC.SED.) 147 Caenislf4=gl- (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2) 286 Compsoneurialg - (in Radulapalpata INc.SED.) 208 Caenislf4=g2 INCERTAE SEDIS 291 Compsoneuriellalg - (in Ecdyonuruslfgl INc.SED.) 185 Caenislf5=g3 - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2) 287 Conoviriluslg - (in Anteritoma INc.SED.) 356 Caenislf6=g4 - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-1) 187 Cormogradi - (Chapter I) 17 Caenoeulislg - (in Caenislf4=g2 INC.SED.) 291 Coryphoruslfg(l) - (in Ephemerellalfgl INC.SED.) 346 Caenodeslg - (in Caenislf6=g4) 287 Costalimellalg - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Caenoephemeralg - (in Hexageniteslfgl) 354 Costatergalia - (in Status of Tridentiseta) 73 Caenomedealg - (in Caenislf6=g4) 288 Cotopaxi/g(l) - (in Leptohypheslfgl INC.SED.) 345 Caenomera - (syn. Leucorhoenanthus) 275 Cratogenites/g - (in Hexageniteslfgl) 354 Caenopsella/gl - (2.2;2, 1-4/2.2;2,2-4) 290 Cratogenitoideslg - (in Hexageniteslfgl) 354 Caenopsellalg2 - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,2-4/2) 291 Cratoligoneuriellalg - (in Eusetisura INc.SED.) 147 Caenopsis - (syn. Tricorythafer) 344 Cretomitareys/fg - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Caenoptera - (2.2;2, 1-4/2.Caenislf2=Brachyc./g2) 277 Cretonetalg(l) - (in AnteritornaINc.sED.) 355 Caenoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 292 Crinitellalgl- (2.2;2,2-112.2;3. Hyrtanellalfl= ... ) 313 Caenotergaliae - (2.2;2, 1-4.Caenis/fl =Brachyc./gl) 269 Cronieus/g - (in Anteritorna INc.SED.) 354 Caliiareys/g(l) - (Classification of Leptophlebialfg 1) 351 Cryptoprosternata - (2.2;2,1-3/4.PaI'/fl=Ephor./gl) 148 Calymene/fgl- (Chapter I) 17 Dacnogenialg(l) - (2.2; 1,2-212.1; 1,2-2) 172 Campsurus/fgl- (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;2) 265 Danellalg(l) - (2.2;2,2-111.2;2,1) 303 Campsuruslfg1- (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;2,2) 267 Deninalg - (in Ephemeralfg9 INC.SED.) 243 Campsurus/fg3 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;2,2-1) 268 Dentatellalg(l) - (2.2;2,2-111.2; 1, 1) 302 Campylocialg(l) - (2.2;2,1-2/2) 129 Dieercomyzon/fg(l) - (2.2;2,2-215.1 ;3) 332 Cancer/fgl - (Chapter I) 17 Dieondylia - (Chapter I) 18 Carapacea - (syn. Posteritoma) 61 Dicrephemeralg - (in Afromeralgl) 235 Caueasiron/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;3,2-2/4.2;2) 107 Dietyoneuralfgl - (Chapter I) 19 Caudatella/g(l) - (2.2;2,2-1/2.1;3) 305 Dictyosiphlon - (syn. Murphyella) 128 Caurinella/g - (in Ephemerellalfg5) 304 Dipteromimodes - (syn. Dipteromimus) 79 Centroptella/gl - (in Classif. ofTurbanoculata) 105 Dipteromimus/fg(l) - (2.1;2) 79 Centroptiloides/gl - (in: Classif. ofTurbanoculata) 105 Discoglossata - (2.2; 1,1-3. Oligoneurialf2=g3) 136 Cercobrachys/g - (in Brachycercus/fl =g3) 285 Discoglossata INCERTAE SEDIS 147 Chankagenesialg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1;2,2-2) 255 Dolanialg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/3.2; 1) 245 Chaquihualg(l) - (2.1;10,4) 119 Dromeus - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Misthodotes) 58 Cheirogenesialg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1 ;2,2-5) 256 Drunellalgl- (2.2;2,2-112.1;2) 304 Chelysentomon - (syn. Prosopistoma) 61 Duleimanna/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Chiloporter/fg(l) - (2.1; 10,3) 118 Eatonellalg - (in Drunellalgl) 305 Chimura/g - (in Ameletus/fg2) 82 Eatonia - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Parameletus) 76 Chirotonetes - (syn. Isonychia) 134 Eatonia - (nom. praeocc.; in Isonychialfg2) 135 Chitonophoralg - (in Ephemerellalfg5) 304 Eatoniea/g1 - (2.2;2,1-3/2,2;2) 241 Chopralla - (in Centroptellalgl) 105 Eatonica/g1 - (2.2;2,1-3/2,2;2,2) 242 Chromarcys/g(l) - (2.2; 1, 1-3/1.Pseudoligoneurialfl) 138 Eatonigenia/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-312,2;2,3) 242 Cinctieostellalg1 - (2.2;2,2-112.1;4) 306 Eburella/g - (in Uracanthellalgl) 315 Cincticostella/g2 - (2.2;2,2-1/2.1 ;4,2) 306 Ecdyogymnurus/g(l) - (2.2;1,2-2/2.1;2,2-211) 181 Cincticostella/g3 - (2.2;2,2-1/2.1 ;4,2-2) 307 Ecdyonuroides/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2,3-4) 183 Cincticostella/g4 - (2.2;2,2-1/2.1 ;4,2-2/1) 307 Ecdyonurus/fg1 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2) 175 Cinygma/fg(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.3) 188 Ecdyonurus/fgl INCERTAE SEDIS 185 SUPRA SPECIES TAX4 NAMES 433

Ecdyonurus/fg2 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2, I) 176 Euarthropoda INCERTAE SEDIS 361 Ecdyurus - (syn. Ecdyonurus) 175 Eucrustacea - (Chapter I) 17 Ectognatha - (Chapter I) 18 Eudoter/fg - (in Pennoplectoptera) 58 Ectognathata - (Chapter I) 18 Euepherneroptera - ({ 1.2} Ephemeralfg2) 56 Ectotropha - (Chapter I) 18 Euephemeroptera INCERTAE SEDIS 359 Ectotrophi - (Chapter I) 18 Euphyurus - (syn. Leptophlebia) 349 Edmundsius/g(I)-(2.1;1,1-1) 75 Euplectoptera - ({ 1.2.2.} Ephemeralfg3) 59 Elassoneuria/gl- (2.2;1,1-3/2.3) 143 Euplectoptera INCERTAE SEDIS 356 Elassoneuria/g2 - (2.2;1,1-3/2.3;2) 144 Eupleornerentornata - (Chapter I) 18 Electrogena/g(l) - (2.2;1,2-2/2.1;2,3-5) 183 Eurycaenis - (syn. Brachycercus) 269 Electrogenialg - (in Anteritorna INC.SED.) 354 Eurylophella/fgl - (2.2;2,2-111.2; I) 302 Entognatha - (Chapter 1) 18 Eurylophella/fg2 - (2.2;2,2-111.2; 1,2) 302 Entomomorpha - (Chapter I) 17 Eusetisura - (2.2; I, I. Oligoneurialfl =g2) 125 Eopolymitarcys/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;1,1) 259 Eusetisura INCERTAE SEDIS 147 Epeiron/gl - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;2,2-2) 195 Euthyplocia/fgl - (2.2;2,1-2) 226 Epeiron/g2 - [Epeiron/gl (3)] 195 Euthyplocia/fg2 - (2.2;2,1-2/1) 229 Epeorella/g - (in Radulapalpata INC.SED.) 208 Euthysanura - (Chapter I) 18 Epeoromimus/fg - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 357 Exeuthyplocia/fgl- (2.2;2,1-2/5) 231 Epeorus/fgl- (2.2;1,2-212.4;3) 201 Exeuthyplocia/fg2 - (2.2;2,1-2/5.2) 232 Epeorus/fg2 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;3,2) 202 Fascioculus/g(l) - (1.2;2,1) 69 Epeorus/fg3 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;3,2-2) 203 Firnbriatotergaliae - (2.2;2, I. Ephemeralfg7) 218 Epeorus/fg3 INCERTAE SEDIS 207 Fimbriatotergaliae INCERTAE SEDIS 292 Epeorus/fg4 - (2.2; 1,2-212.4;3,2-2/2) 204 Fittkauneurialg(l) - (2.2; I, 1-3/2.5) 147 Ephacerella/g(l) - (2.2;2,2-1/2.1 ;4,2-1) 307 Foliornimus/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Ephemera/fgl - ({ I} Panephemeroptera) 55 Fontainica - (syn. Cheirogenesia) 256 Epherneralfg2 - ({ 1.2} Euephemeroptera) 56 Fossoriae - (2.2;2,1-3. Ephemeralfg8) 232 Ephemera/fg3 - ({ 1.2.2} Euplectoptera) 59 Fossoriae INCERTAE SEDIS 269 Ephemera/fg4 - (2. Anteritorna) 71 Furcatergalia - (in Syst. position of Poster ito rna) 63 Ephemera/fg5 - (2.2. Bidentiseta) 124 Furcatergaliae - (2.2;2. Ephemeralfg6) 212 Ephemera/fg6 - (2.2;2. Furcatergaliae) 212 Furcatergaliae INCERT AE SEDIS 351 Ephemeralfg7 - (2.2;2,1. Fimbriatotergaliae) 218 Furvoneta/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Ephemera/fg8 - (2.2;2,1-3. Fossoriae) 232 Geisfeldiella/g - (in Pterygota INC. SED.) 360 Ephemeralfg9 - (2.2;2,1-3/2) 234 Gerninovenata - (2.2; I, 1-3/2. Oligoneurialt3=g4) 139 Ephemeralfg9 INCERTAE SEDIS 243 Gnathopoda - (Chapter I) 17 Ephemeralfgl0 - (2.2;2,1-3/2.1) 235 Habrophlebialfgl - (in Classif ofLeptophlebialfgl) 351 EphemeralfglO INCERTAE SEDIS 237 Haplogenia - (syn. Arthroplea) 164 Ephemera/fgll - (2.2;2,1-312.1.3) 236 Haplohyphes/g(l) - (in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED.) 345 Ephemerella/fgl - (2.2;2,2) 293 Heptagenia/fl = ••• - (2.2; 1. Branchitergaliae) 124 Ephemerellalfgl INCERTAE SEDIS 246 Heptagenia/f2=gl- (2.2;1,2. Heptagennota) 158 Ephemerella/fg2 - (2.2;2,2-1) 296 Heptagenialf3=g2 - (2.2;1,2-2. Pentamerotarsata) 162 Ephemerella/fg3 - (2.2;2,2-1/2) 303 Heptagenialf4=g3 - (2.2;1,2-212. Radulapalpata) 165 Ephemerellalfg3 INCERTAE SEDIS 315 Heptagenia/f5=g4 - (2.2; 1,2-212.1) 166 Ephemerellalfg4 - (2.2;2,2-112.1) 304 Heptagenialf6=g5 - (2.2; 1,2-212.1; 1) 168 Ephemerellalfg5 - (2.2;2,2-112.1; I) 304 Heptagenialfi=g6 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2) 169 Ephemerellinalg - (in Melanemerellalfgl) 320 Heptagenialf8=g7 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2-1) 169 Ephemeropsis/fg - (in Hexagenites/fgl) 354 Heptagennota - (2.2;1,2. Heptagenialf2=gl) 158 Ephemeroptera - ({ I} Panephemeroptera) 55 Heterogenesia/g - (in Eatonigenialgl) 243 Ephemeroptera - ({ 1.2} Euephemeroptera) 56 Hexagenia/fgl - (2.2;2,1-3/2.2) 237 Ephemeroptera - ({ 1.2.2} Euplectoptera) 59 Hexagenia/fg2 - (2.2;2,1-3/2.2; I) 241 Ephemeropteria - (syn. Panephemeroptera) 55 Hexagenia/fg3 - (2.2;2, 1-3/2.2; 1,1) 241 Ephemeropteroidea (syn. Panephemeroptera) 55 Hexagenites/fgl - (in Anteritorna INC.SED.) 353 Ephemerythus/fgl - (2.2;2,2-215.1 ;2) 330 Hexameropsis/g - (in Hexagenites/fg I) 354 Ephoron/fg - (in Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3) 259 Hexapoda - (Chapter I) 18 Ephoron/gl - (2.2;2,1-3/4. Cryptoprosternata) 248 Hirnalogenalg(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;2,2-3) 195 Ephoron/g2 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2. Polymitarcyslfl = ... ) 257 Homoeoneuria/gl- (2.2;1,1-3/2.2) 142 Ephoron/g3 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;1. Polymitarcys/f2= ... ) 258 Homoeoneuria/g2 - (2.2; 1,1-3/2.2;2) 143 Ephoron/g4 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2; 1,2. Polymitarcys/t3= ... ) 259 Homoleptohyphes/g - (in Tricorythodes/fgl) 344 Epiphrades/g - (in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED.) 345 Hydropalaeoptera - (Chapter I) 19 Eucharidis - (syn. Potamanthus) 221 Hyrtanellalfl=Crinitellalgl - (2.2;2,2-112.2;3) 313 Euarthropoda - (Chapter I) 17 Ichthybotus/fg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/1) 233 434 INDEX

Insecta SENSU Cuvier 1817 - (Chapter I) 17 Mesepbemeralfg - (in Pennoplectoptera) 58 Insecta SENSU Handschin 1958 - (Chapter I) 18 Mesobaetislg - (in Euplectoptera INC. SED. ) 357 Insecta SENSU Leach 1815 - (Chapter I) 18 Mesogenesialgl- (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 356 Insulibracbyslg - (in BrachycercUS/fl =g3) 285 Mesonetalfg - (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 357 Irpacaenislg - (in Caenislf6=g4) 288 Mesopalingealg - (in Fossoriae INc.SED.) 269 Iron/gl- (2.2;1,2-2/2.4;3,2-2/4) 205 Mesoplectopteron/fg - (in Permoplectoptera) 59 Iron/gl - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;3,2-2/4.1) 206 Mesoplocialg - in Euthyplocialfg2 229 IronodesJg(l) - (2.2;1,2-212.4;3,2-1) 202 Metamoniuslgl - (2.1 ;8. Nesameletuslfl) 105 Ironopsislgl- (2.2;1,2-212.4;3,2-2/4.2) 206 Metamoniuslfg - (in Nesameletuslf2=Metamoniuslg2) 110 Ironopsislgl - (2.2; 1,2-212.4;3,2-2/4.2; 1) 206 Metapterygota - (Chapter I) 18 Irpacaenislg - (in Caenislf6=g4) 288 Metreletuslg(l) - (2.1 ;3, I) 81 Isonycbialfgl - (2.2; 1,1-2) 134 Metreplecton/g(l) - (2.1;4,2) 87 Isonychialfgl INCERTAE SEDIS 136 Metretopuslfgl- (2.1;4) 86 Isonychialfg2 - (2.2;1,1-2/1) 135 Metretopuslfgl - (2.1 ;4, I) 87 Jarmilalfg - (in Pennoplectoptera) 58 Metreturuslg - (in Acanthametropuslfg2) 89 Jolialg - (in Isonychialfg2) 135 Microcorypbia - (Chapter I) 18 Kageronialg(l) - (2.2;1,2-212.1;1,1) 168 Microphemeralg - (in Fimbriatotergaliae INc.SED.) 292 Kukalovalfg - (in Pennoplectoptera) 58 Miocenogenialg - (in Radulapalpata INC.SED.) 208 Lachlanialgl- (2.2;1,1-3/2.4;1) 145 Mirawaralg(l) - (2.1; 10,2) 118 Lanceolata - (in Classif. ofFurcatergaliae III) 215 Misthodoteslfg - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Languidipes/g - (in Asthenopuslfgl) 267 Mogzonurellalg - (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 357 Lepismalfgl - (Chapter I) 18 Mogzonuruslg - (in Euplectoptera INc.SED.) 357 Lepismalfgl - (Chapter I) 18 MongologenitesJg - (in Hexageniteslfgl) 354 Lepismophlebialg - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 357 Montralialg - (in Pterygota INc.SED.) 360 Leptohyphes/fgl - (2.2;2,2-2/5.2) 333 Mortogenesialg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1;2,2-1) 255 Leptohypheslfgl INCERTAE SEDIS 345 Murpbyellalg(l) - (2.2; 1,1-112.2) 128 Leptohyphes/fg2 - (2.2;2,2-2/5.2;1) 335 Myanmarellalg - (in Liberevenata INC.SED.) 105 Leptohyphodes/g - (in Ephemerellalfgl INC.SED.) 347 Myllonellalg - (in Drunellalgl) 305 Leptonetaig - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Myriapoda - (Chapter I) 18 Leptophlebia/fgl - (2.2;2,3) 349 Nadinetellalg - (in Melanemerellalfgl) 320 Lestagellalg - (in Melanemerellalfgl) 320 Nadinella- (nom.praeocc.; syn. Nadinetella) 320 Leucorhoenanthus/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/1.3) 275 Needhamoeoenis - (syn. Trieorythafer) 344 Leucrocutalgl - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2,2-2) 180 Neoephemeralfgl - (2.2;2,1-4/1) 271 Leucrocutalgl - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1 ;2,2-2/2) 181 Neoephemeralfgl INCERTAE SEDIS 276 Libellulalfgl - (Chapter I) 19 Neoephemeralfg2 - (2.2;2,1-4/1.1) 275 Liberevenata - (2.1;7,2. Baetislfg3) 100 Neoephemeropsis/g - (in Potamanthellus/gl) 276 Liberevenata INCERTAE SEDIS 105 Neophlebia - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Noya) 146 Linguatulalfgl- (Chapter I) 17 Neopotamanthodes - (syn. Rhoenanthopsis) 222 Lithogloealg - (in Melanemerellalfg I) 320 Neopotamanthus - (in Rhoenanthuslgl) 222 Lithoneuralg - (in Syntonopteralfgl) 360 Nesameletus/fl=Metamonius/gl - (2.1 ;8) 105 Litobranchalg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/2,2;2,1) 242 Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2 - (2.1;8,2) 109 Litophlebialfg - (in Euephemeroptera INC.SED.) 359 Neurocaenis/g - (in Tricorythus/fg5) 328 Lobopoda - (Chapter I) 17 Nirvius/g - (in Ephemeralfgll) 236 Longinella - (syn. Campyloeia) 229 Nixe/g - (in Afghanurus/g2) 180 Loxophlebialg - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Notacanthellalg(l) - (2.2;2,2-112.1 ;4, I) 306 Macafertiellalg(l) - (in Teloganodeslfgl) 321 Notacanthurus/g(l) - (2.2;1,2-2/2.1;2,3-3) 183 Maccaffertium/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; I ,2-3/2.2) 174 Notochoralg - (in Homoeoneurialg2) 143 Macdunnoalg(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2-3/3) 175 Notonurus/g - (in Ecdyonuruslfgl INC.SED.) 185 Machadorythus/fgl- (2.2;2,2-2/5.1;4) 332 Noyalg-(in Lachlanialgl) 146 Machilis/fgl - (Chapter I) 18 Noyopsis/g - (in Lachlania/gl) 146 Macrobiotus/fgl- (Chapter I) 17 Oboriphlebia/fg - (in Permoplectoptera) 59 Madecassorythus/fgl - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1; I ,3) 329 Ochernova/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-411.2) 275 Madecassorythus/fg2 - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1; I ,3-1) 329 Odonata - (Chapter I) 19 Madecocercus/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2; I) 286 Odonatoptera - (Chapter I) 19 Madeconeuria/g(l) - (2.2;1,1-3/2.3;1) 144 Olgisca/g - (in Anteritorna INC.SED.) 355 Mandibulata - (Chapter I) 17 Oligoneuria/gl - (2.2; I Branchitergaliae) 124 Manohyphella/g - (in Ephemerellalfgl INC.SED.) 347 Oligoneurialfl=g2 - (2.2; 1,1. Eusetisura) 125 Mecus/g - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Oligoneurialf2=g3 - (2.2; 1,1-3. Discoglossata) 136 Melanameletus - (syn. Eurylophella) 302 Oligoneuria/t3=g4 - (2.2; 1,1-3/2. Geminovenata) 139 Melanemerella/fgl - (2.2;2,2-2/3) 319 Oligoneuria/f4=g5 - (2.2; 1,1-3/2.4) 145 SUPRASPEClES TAXA NAMES 435

Oligoneuria/f5=g6 - (2.2; 1, 1-3/2.4;3) 146 Polymitarcys/t3=Ephoron/g4 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;1,2) 259 Oligoneuriella/gl - (2.2; 1,1-3/2.1) 140 Polymitarcys/fg - (in Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3) 259 Oligoneuriella/g2 - (2.2; 1, 1-312.1; 1) 141 Polyplocia/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-2/3) 230 Oligoneurioides/g - (in Oligoneurialf5=g6) 146 Posteritorna - (1. Baetiscalfl =Prosopistomalgl) 61 Oligoneuriopsis/g(l) - (2.2;1,1-3/2.1;2) 141 Potamanthellus/gl - (2.2;2,1-4/1.4) 276 Oligoneurisca/g(l) - (2.2; 1,1-3/2.2; 1) 142 Potamanthindus/g - (in Rhoenanthus/gl) 222 Oniscigaster/fgl - (2.1;9. Vetulata) 110 Potamanthodes/g - (in Rhoenanthus/gl) 222 Oniscigaster/fg2 - (2.1 ;9,1) 111 Potamanthus/fgl- (2.2;2,1-1) 221 Onychophora - (Chapter I) 17 Potamanthus/fg2 - (2.2;2,1-1/2) 223 Ordella - (syn. Caenis) 285 Potamanthus/fg3 - (2.2;2,1-112.1) 223 Oreianthus/g - (in Neoephemeralfg2) 275 Potameis - (syn. Parameletus) 76 Ororotsia/g - (in Cinygmulalgl) 192 Povilla/g - (in Asthenopus/fgl) 267 Oxycypha/g - (in Caenis/f6=g4) 287 Prionoides/g(l) - (2.2;1,1-212) 136 Paedephemera - (syn. Hexagenites) 353 Pristiplocia/g - (in Fimbriatotergaliae INC.SED.) 292 Paegniodes/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4; 1) 190 Proameletus/g - (in Anteritorna INC.SED.) 356 Palaeoanthus/fg(l) - (in Fimbriatotergaliae INC.SED.) 292 Proboscidoplocia/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-2/4) 230 Palaeobaetodes/g - (in Hexagenites/fg 1) 354 Prodromites/g - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Palaeocloeon/fg(l) - (2.1;7,2-1) 101 Prodromus - (nom. praeocc.; syn. Prodromites) 58 Palaeometropus/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Proepeorus/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;3,2-211) 204 Palaeoptera - (Chapter I) 19 Prometabola - (syn. Ephemeroptera) 59 Paleoameletus/g - (in Ameletus/fg2) 82 Promirara/g(l) - (2.1; 10,5) 119 Palinephemera/g - (in Euephemeroptera INC.SED.) 359 Prosopistoma/gl - (1. Posteritorna) 61 Palingenia/fl= ... - (2.2;2, 1-3/4. Cryptoprosternata) 248 Prosopistoma/fl =g2 - (1.1) 63 Palingenia/f2=gl - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1) 249 Protechma/g - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Palingenia/t3=g2 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1 ;2) 252 Protephemerida - (syn. Protephemeroidea) 56 Palingenia/f4=g3 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1 ;2, 1) 253 Protephemerodea - (syn. Protephemeroidea) 56 Palingeniopsis/fg - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Protephemeroidea - ({ 1.1 } Triplosobalfg 1) 56 Palmenia - (syn. Parameletus) 76 Protephemeroptera - (syn. Protephemeroidea) 56 Panarthropoda - (Chapter I) 17 Protereisma/fl =Phtharthus/gl -( {1.2.1 }Pennoplectoptera) 57 Pancrustacea - (Chapter I) 17 Protereisma/fgl - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Panephemeroptera - ( {I} Ephemeralfg 1) 55 Protereismephemeridae - (syn.Permoplectoptera) 57 Pannota - (in Syst. position of Poster ito rna) 63 Protobehningia/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/3.1) 244 Pan nota auct. - (in Classif. of Furcatergaliae IV) 215 Protoligoneuria/g - (in HexageniteS/fgl) 354 Pantricorythi - (2.2;2,2-2. Tricorythus/fgl) 316 Protorrhynchota - (Chapter I) 19 Panthysanura - (Chapter I) 18 Provonshaka - (syn. Madeeoeereus) 286 Parabaetis/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 357 Pseudeatonica/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/2.2;1,2) 241 Paracinygmula/g - (in Afghanurus/g2) 180 Pseudiron/fg(l) - (2.2;1,2-1) 162 Parameletus/fgl - (2.1; 1,2) 76 Pseudocaenis/g - (in Caenis/f4=g2 INC.SED.) 291 Parameletus/fg2 - (2.1; 1,2-1) 79 Pseudognatha - (Chapter I) 17 Parastenaeron - (nomen nudum; in Kageronialgl) 169 Pseudokageronia/g - (in Ecdyonurus/fgl INC.SED.) 185 Pentagenia/fg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1;1) 252 Pseudoligoneuria/fl =Chromarcys/gl - (2.2; 1,1-3/1) 138 Pentamerotarsata - (2.2; 1,2-2. Heptagenialf3=g2) 162 Pterentoma - (Chapter I) 18 Pentamerotarsata INCERTAE SEDIS 209 Pterygogenea - (Chapter I) 18 Peripatus/fgl - (Chapter I) 17 Pterygota - (Chapter I) 18 Permoplectoptera - ({ 1.2.1 }Protereismalfl =Phtharthuslgl )57 Pterygota INCERTAE SEDIS 360 Phacelobranchus/g - (in Hexagenites/fgl) 354 Radulapalpata - (2.2;1,2-2/2. Heptagenialf4=g3) 165 Phanerognatha - (Chapter I) 18 Radulapalpata INCERTAE SEDIS 207 Philolimnias/g - (in Anteritorna INC.SED.) 356 Rallidens/fg(l) - (2.1; 11) 120 Phtharthus/gl - ({ 1.2.1} Permoplectoptera) 57, 58 Ranorythus/fg(l) - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1; 1,2) 329 Pinctodia/g - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Raphiacera - (Chapter I) 19 Pinnatitergaliae - (in Classif. of Fimbriatotergaliae I) 220 Raptoheptagenia/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.2) 188 Pisciforma - (in Status of Tridentiseta) 73 Reeter - (syn. Rekter) 58 Plectoptera - (syn. Ephemeroptera) 59 Rectracheata Plectopteradelphia - (syn. Ephemeroptera) 59 - (in Systematic position of Posterito rna) 63 Plethogenesia/gl - (2.2;2,1-3/4.1 ;2,2-4) 256 - (in Systematic position of Vetulata) 111 Podophora - (Chapter I) 17 Rekter/g - (in Permoplectoptera) 58 Podura/fgl - (Chapter I) 18 Remipalpus - (syn. Arthroplea) 164 Polygnatha - (Chapter I) 17 Rhionella/g(l) - (2.2;2,2-112.1 ;4,2-2/2) 312 Polymitarcys/fl =Ephoron/g2 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2) 257 Rhithrogena/fgl - (2.2;1,2-2/2.4) 189 Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3 - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2; I) 258 Rhithrogena/fg2 - (2.2;1,2-2/2.4;2) 191 436 INDEX

Rhithrogeoalfg3 - (2.2;1,2-212.4;2,2) 193 Telogaoodeslfgl- (2.2;2,2-2/4) 320 Rhithrogenalfg3 INCERTAE SEDIS 1% Teloganopsis/g(l) - (2.2;2,2-112.2;2) 313 Rhithrogeoalfg4 - (2.2;1,2-2/2.4;2,2-1) 194 Tetramerotarsata - (2.1;7. Baetislfg2) 94 RhithrogeoelJaig - (in Radulapalpata INc.SED.) 208 Thalerosphyrus/g - (in Ecdyonuruslgl INC.SED.) 185 Rhoenanthodes - (syn. Potamanthellus) 276 Thamoodootuslg(l) - (2.2; 1,2-212.1 ;2,3-1) 182 Rhoeoaothopsislg - (in Rhoenanthuslgl) 222 Thuriogopteryxlg - (in Euephemeroptera INC.SED.) 359 Rhoeoaothus/gl- (2.2;2,1-111) 222 Thysaoura - (Chapter I) 18 Scapphodoota - (in Classif. ofFimbriatotergaliae II) 220 Thysaouradelphia - (Chapter I) 18 Scarabaeus/fgl- (Chapter I) 17 Thysanurata - (Chapter I) 18 Scarabaeus/fg2 - (Chapter I) 17 Tillyardocaenis/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-4/2.2;2,1) 287 Scarabaeus/fg3 - (Chapter I) 18 Timpanoga/fgl - (2.2;2,2-111) 301 Scarabaeuslfg4 - (Chapter I) 18 Timpaooga/fg2 - (2.2;2,2-111.2) 301 Scarabaeus/fg5 - (Chapter I) 18 Timpanoga/fg3 - (2.2;2,2-111.2;2) 303 Schistooota - (in Status of Tridentiseta) 73 Timpaooga/fg4 - (2.2;2,2-111.2;2,2) 303 Scolopendra/fgl - (Chapter I) 18 Tiotorioalfg - (in Pterygota INC.SED.) 360 Scopus - (syn. Mecus) 58 Torephemera/fgl- (in Fossoriae INc.SED.) 269 SerratelJa/g - (in Torleyalg2) 312 Torleyalgl - (2.2;2,2-112.2) 312 Setisura - (in: Syst. position ofPentamerotarsata) 163 Torleyalgl INCERTAE SEDIS 315 Siberiogenites/g - (in Euplectoptera INC. SED. ) 358 Torleya/g2 - (2.2;2,2-112.2; I) 312 Sibirigeoa/g(l) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.4;2,2-4) 195 Tortopus/g(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/4.2;2,2-2) 268 Sigmooeuria/g - (in Heptagenialf8=g7) 172 Tracheata - (Chapter I) 17 Sioephemeralg(l) - (2.2;2,1-3/2.1; I) 235 Traverhyphes/g(l) - (in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED.) 346 Siphangarus/g - (in Fossoriae INC.SED.) 269 Triassomachilis/fg - (in Euephemeroptera INC. SED. ) 359 Siphgondwaous/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 358 Tribrochella/g - (in DruneIlalgl) 305 Siphlaenigma/fg(l) - (2.1;7,1) 100 Trichogenia/g - (in Heptagenialf8=g7) 172 SiphlonelJaig - (in Tasmanophlebialgl) 114 TricomerelJa/g - (in Ephemerythus/fgl) 330 Siphlooiscalg(l) - (2.1; 1,1-2) 79 Tricorygnatha - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1;1. Tricorythus/fg4) 327 Siphlonuroides/g - (in Parameletus/fg2) 79 Tricoryhyphes/g - (in TricorythodeS/fgl) 344 Siphlonurus/fgl - (2.1;1) 73 Tricoryptera - (2.2;2,2-2/5. Tricorythus/fg2) 326 Siphlonurus/fgl INCERTAE SEDIS 79 Tricorythafer/g - (in Tricorythodes/fgl) 344 Siphlonurus/fg2 - (2.1;1,1) 74 Tricorythodes/fgl - (2.2;2,2-2/5.2;3) 343 Siphlonurus/fg3 - (2.1;1,1-2) 75 Tricorythopsis/g(l) - (2.2;2,2-2/5.2;4) 344 Siphlonurus/fg4 - (2.1;1,1-2/1) 75 Tricorythurus/g - (in Tricorythus/fg5) 328 Siphloplecton/fg(l) - (2.1;4,3) 87 Tricorythus/fgl - (2.2;2,2-2. Pantricorythi) 316 Siphlurella/g(l) - (2.1; I, 1-2/2) 76 Tricorythus/fg2 - (2.2;2,2-2/5. Tricoryptera) 326 Siphluriscus/fg(l) - (2.1;8,1) 109 Tricorythus/fg3 - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1. Afrotricorythi) 327 Siphlurites/g - (in Anteritoma INC.SED.) 354 Tricorythus/fg4 - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1;1. Tricorygnatha) 327 Siphlurus - (syn. Siphlonurus) 73 Tricorythus/fg5 - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1;1,1) 328 Spaniophlebia/g(l) - (2.2; I, 1-3/2.4;2) 146 Tridentiseta - (2.1. Baetis/fgl) 73 Sparrea - (syn. Parameletus) 76 Trilobitomorpha - (Chapter I) 17 Spinadis/fg - (in Anepeorus/fgl INC.SED.) 209 Triplosoba/fg(l) - ({ l.l} Protephemeroidea) 56 Spinirythus/fg(l) - (2.2;2,2-2/5.1; 1,3-2) 329 Triplura - (Chapter I) 18 Stackelbergisca/g - (in Anteritoma INC.SED.) 355 Tritogenesia/g - (in PJethogenesialg I) 256 Stenacron/g(I) - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2-3/1) 173 Tumungula - [Epeiron/gl (3)] 195 Stenodicranum - (syn. Hexagenites) 353 Turbanoculata - (2.1 ;7,2-2. Baetis/fg4) 101 Stenonema/gI - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2-3) 173 Turfanerella/g - (in Euplectoptera INC.SED.) 357 Stenonema/g2 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2-3/2) 174 UnirachelJa/g - (in Drunellalgl) 305 Stenonema/g3 - (2.2; 1,2-2/2.1; 1,2-3/2.1) 174 Uracanthella/gl - (2.2;2,2-112.2;4) 314 Stygifloris/gl - (in Rhoenanthus/gl) 222 Vacupernius/g - (in Leptohyphes/fgl INC.SED.) 345 Subulicornes - (Chapter I) 19 Vetulata - (2.1;9. Oniscigaster/fgl) 110 Subulicornia - (Chapter I) 19 Vietnamella/fg(l) - (2.2;2,2-2/1) 316 Succinogenia/g - (in RaduJapaJpata INC.SED.) 208 Wundacaenis/g - (in Caenis/f6=g4) 288 Syntonoptera/fgl - (in Pterygota INC.SED.) 360 Xenophlebia/g - (in Anteritoma INC.SED.) 355 Tardigrada - (Chapter I) 17 Xenophlebia - (nom.paeocc.; syn. Litophlebia) 359 Tasmanocoenis/g - (in Caenis/f6=g4) 287 Yaurina/g(l) - (in Leptohyphes/fgl INC. SED.) 345 Tasmanophlebia/gl - (2.1 ;9,2) III Zygentoma - (Chapter I) 18 Tasmanophlebiodes - (in Tasmanophlebialgl) 114 Zygoentomata - (Chapter I) 18 Teloganella/fg - (in Ephemerellalfgl INC.SED.) 347 437

Index of terms

Page number directly after the tenn refers to the Chapter II - Morphology of mayflies; number in square brackets and page number after it refer to the Index of characters.

A (= anal vein) 31 - anterior 34 AA (= anal is anterior) 32, [2.2.54] 383 - posterior 34 abdomen 34 - ephemeropteroid 34 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.3] 386 - imaginal and subimaginal -larval [1.3] 372 --fore admissible membership 10 --- female [2.2.79] 385 amphitomal margin offore wing 31, [2.2.27] 380 --- male [2.2.77] 387 anal branch of ventral lobe -- middle and hind [2.2.85] 385 oftergalius [Ephemerellalfgl (7)] 294 -larval [1.2.20-24] 370 anal margin oftergalius 36 --fore [1.2.37] 371 anal rib oftergalius 36, [1.3.28] 375 -- middle [1.2.43] 372 anepistemum (pl.: anepistema) 29 --hind [1.2.49] 372 antelateroparapsidal suture 27 clypeus [1.1.5] 364 antenna (pl.: antennae) 23 condylus ofmandible 24 - imaginal and sub imaginal [2.1.1] 378 copulatory pouch [SiphlonuruS/fgl (1)] 73 -larval [1.1.8] 364 costal brace 32, [Euephemeroptera (1)] 56, [2.2.29] 381 anterior axillary sclerite 29 costal branch of ventral lobe anterior claw 34 oftergalius [Ephemerellalfgl (7)] 294 anterior notal wing process 27 costal field ofhind wing [2.2.61--62] 383 anterior paracoxal suture 29, [2.2.19] 380 costal flap of costal branch anterior pigmented area ofsubimaginal mesonotum 29 oftergalius [LeptohypheS/fgl (1)] 334 anterolateral scutal costa 27 costal margin anteronotal transverse impression 27, [2.2.6] 379 - oftergalius 36 anteronotal protuberance 27 -ofwing31 anteronotal scutal suture 27 costal process ofhind wing 30 AP (analis posterior) 32 costal rib oftergalius 36, [1.3.27] 375 apical-ventral row ofmaxillary setae 25, [1.1.31-32] 366 coxa (pl.: coxae) 33 axillary sclerites 29 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.81] 385 basal plate ofwing 29 -larval [1.2.12] 369 bas-basal muscle ofcaudalius 38 - -fore [1.2.26] 370 basiradiale 29 -- middle [1.2.39] 371 basistemum (pl.: basistema) [2.2.22] 380 -- hind [1.2.45] 372 basisubcostale 29 crossvein 32 basitornal margin offore wing 31 - offore wing [2.2.57] 383 basitricaudale 38 - ofhind wing [2.2.72] 384 canine cryptopleurite [Furcatergaliae (1)] 212 - ofmandible - see incisor and kinetodontium cryptothoracic tracheostium 40 - ofmaxilla 25, [1.1.33-34] 366 Cu (= cubitus) 31 caudalius (pI.: caudalii) 38 CuA (= cubitus anterior) 32 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.3.19-22] 387 - offore wing [2.2.50] 382 -larval [1.3.63--67] 377 - ofhind wing [2.2.71] 284 C (= costa) 31 cubital field offore wing [2.2.51-52] 382 cercotractor 38 CuP (= cubitus posterior) 32, offore wing [2.2.53] 382 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.3.18] 387 dentiseta (pl.: dentisetae) 25, [1.1.37-1.1.40] 366 -larval [1.3.62] 377 dorsal arc ofprealar bridge 27 cercus (pl.: cerci) 38 egg [3] 388 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.3.21] 387 epherneropteroid claw 34, [2.2.77] 384, [2.2.85] 385 -larval [1.3.65--67] 377 epimeron imaginal and subimaginal 29, [2.2.20] 380 chorion [3.3] 388 epipleuron (pl.: epipleura) - [posteritorna (3)] 62 circumscriptional name 10 episternum imaginal and subimaginal29 [2.2.19] 380 claw 34 excluded membership 10 438 INDEX eye 23 - in cubitalfield [Anteritorna (1)] 72, [2.2.51-52] 382 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.1.2-5] 378 iRS 32, offore wing [2.2.40] 381 -larval [1.1. 7] 364 iRSa 32, offore wing [2.2.36] 381 - turban 23, [Turbanoculata (1)] 101 iRSa232, offore wing [2.2.39] 381 f(= family group name) 8 katepistemum (pl.: katepisterna) 29 face fold 24, [2.1] 378 kinetodontium(pl.: kinetodontia) 24, [1.1.22] 365 femur (pl.: femora) 33 labium (pI.: labia) 26, [1.1.47-59] 367 -larval [1.2.14-16] 369 labrum (pI.: labra) [1.1.13-16] 364 --fore [1.2.28-29] 371 lacinia mobilis (pl.: laciniae mobiles) - see kinetodontium --middle [1.2.40] 371 larva (pl.: larvae) 21 -- hind [1.2.46] 372 larvula (pI.: larvulae) 22 flagellum 23, larval [1.1.11] 364 lateral arc ofprealar bridge 27 forceps - see gonostylus 37 lateral pigmented area ofsubimaginal mesonotum 29 fore leg - [2.2.14] 379 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.73-79] 384 lateroparapsidal stripe ofsubimaginal mesonotum 29 -larval [1.2.25-37] 370 - [2.2.15] 379 frons (pl.: frontes) lateroparapsidal suture 27, [2.2.9] 379 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.1] 378 lateropostnotal crest 29, [2.2.16] 380 -larval [1.1.3] 363 lateropostnotum (pI.: lateropostnota) 28, [2.2.16] 380 frontal shield - see head shield lateroscutal suture 27, [2.2.12] 379 furca (pl.: furcae) 26 lateroscutum (pl.: lateroscuta) 27 furcasternallongitudinal impression 30 leg 32 furcasternal protuberance 30 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.73-87] 384 furcasternum (pl.: furcasterna) -larval [1.2.11-49] 369 - imaginal and subimaginal 30, [2.2.23-25] 380 listed membership 10 g (= genus group name) 8 M (= media) 31 ganglion (pl.: ganglia) 41 MA (= media anterior) 32 genitals 36, [2.3.8-17] 386 - offore wing [2.2.42-44] 381 gill - ofhind wing [2.2.67] 384 - paired segmental abdominal- see tergalius MA]32 - other [1] 363 MA2 32 gill chamber [posteritorna (3)] 61 Malpighian tube 39 glossa (pI.: glossae) 26, [1.1.50-51] 368 mandible 24, [1.1.17-26] 364 gonostylus (pI.: gonostyli) 37 mandible flatness 24 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.3.8-14] 386 mayfly (Chapter III) 55 -larval [1.3.60] 377 maxilla (pI. : maxillae) 25, [I. 1.29-46] 365 head 23 median suture ofmeso no tum 27, [2.2.7] 379 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.1] 378 median tergal muscle 27 -larval [1.1] 363 medionotal membrane [2.2.7] 379 head shield [1.1.4] 364 - [Fimbriatotergaliae (2)] 218 - [Discoglossata (1)] 136 - [Caenoptera (1)] 277 - [Heptagennota (1)] 158 medioparapsidal suture 27 hierarchical name 8 mediopostnotum (pI.: mediopostnota) 28 hind leg medioscutum (pl. : medioscuta) 27 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.80-87] 385 mentum 26, [1.1.49] 368 -larval [1.2.44-49] 372 mesonotum (pI.: mesonota) 27 holophyletic 15 - imaginal [2.2.5-13] 379 hypopharynx (pl.: hypopharynges) 25, [1. 1.28] 365 -subimaginal [2.2.14-15] 379 iMA 32, offore wing [2.2.44] 381 mesonotal suture 28, [2.2.8] 379 imago (Lat. pl.: imagines) 21, 23 mesopleuron (pl.: mesopleura) iMP 32, offore wing [2.2.48] 382 - imaginal and subimaginal29, [2.2.19-21] 380 incisor 24, [1.1.21] 365 mesosternum (pI.: mesosterna) incl. (= incluso, including) 9 - imaginal and subimaginal 30, [2.2.22-25] 380 inferior pleural suture 29 mesothorax (pI.: mesothoraces) 26 infrascutellar-postubalar arms 28 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.3-25] 379 infrascutellum (pl.: infrascutella) 28, [2.2.17] 380 -larval [1.2.5-8] 369 inner-dorsal row of maxillary setae 25, [1.1.36] 366 metasternum (pl.: metasterna) larval [1.2.10] 369 inner-ventral row of maxillary setae 25, [1.1.35] 366 metathorax (pI.: metathoraces) 30 intercalary vein 32 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.26] 380 - additional [2.2.55-56] 383 -larval [1.2.9-10] 369 TERMS 439 metatibia (pl.: metatibiae) 33 - anterior 27 middle articulatory process ofwing 29 - middle 28, [2.2.18J 380 middle axillary sclerite 29 phragmanotum (pl.: phragmanota) 28 mola (pl.: molae) 25, [1.l.26J 365 plesiomorphon (pI.: plesiomorphons) 16 monophyletic 15 plesion (pI.: plesia) 16 mouth apparatus 24, [I.1.I2-59J 364 plesion (pI.: plesions) 16 MP (= media posterior) 32 pleural apodeme 26 - offore wing [2.2.45-49J 381 pleural suture 29 - ofhind wing [2.2.68-70J 384 pleural wing process 29 MPl 32 plumidium (pl.: plumidia) [2.2.13J 379 - offore wing [2.2.47J 381 - [posteritoma (3)J 62 MP2 32 - [Eusetisura (5)J 126 - offore wing [2.2.49J 382 - [Ephemerellalfgl (5)J 293 - ofhind wing [2.2.70J 384 polyphyletic 15 middle axillary sclerite 29 postgenital plate offemale 37, [2.3.6J 386 middle leg posterior arm ofpre alar bridge 27, [2.2.4J 379 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.8~86J 385 posterior articulatory process ofwing 29 -larval [1.2.38-43J 371 posterior axillary sclerite 29 naiad (Lat. naias, pl.: naiades) 22 posterior claw 34 nerve ganglion 41 posterior notal wing process 28 net membership 10 posterior paracoxal suture 29 nomen (pl.: nomina) posterior scutal protuberance 27, [2.2.11 J 379 - circumscribens (pl.: circumscribentia) 10 postmentum - see mentum -- non univocum 11 postnotum (pl.: postnota) 28 -- univocum (pl.: univoca) 11 postsubalar sclerite 29 - hierarchicum (pI.: hierarchica) 8 praescutum (pl.: praescuta) 28 notal shield [Posteritoma (3)J 61, [1.2.1 J 369 preanal plate offemale 37 notaulix (pl.: notaulici) - see medioparapsidal suture 28 prealar bridge 26, [2.2.4J 379 nymph (Lat. nympha, pl.: nymphae) 22 pregenital plate offemale 37 ocellus (pl.: ocelli) 23 prelateroscutum (pl.: prelateroscuta) 27 -larval [1.1.6J 364 prementum - see mentum oculus (pI.: oculi) - see eye 23 prescutum - see praescutum Palmen's body 40 prestemite 27 palp pretarsus (pl.: pretarsi) 34 -labial 26, [1.1.54-59J 368 primary swimming setae 39, [1.3.66J 377 - maxillary 25, [1.1.41-46]367 pronotum (pl.: pronata) paracercus (pl.: paracerci) 38 -larval [1.2.2J 369 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.3.22J 387 prostemum (pl.: prostema) -larval [1.3.64J 377 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.2J 378 paracoxal suture 29 -larval [1.2.3J 369 paraglossa (pl.: paraglossae) 26, [1.1.52-53J 368 prostheca (pl.: prosthecae) 24, [1.1.24-25J 365 paraphyletic 15 prothorax (pl.: prothoraces) paraproct 38 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.1-2J 378 -larval [1.3.62J 377 -larval [1.2.2-3J 369 parapsidal suture 28 proximal axillary sclerite 29 parapsides 28 pterostigma (pl.: pterostigmata) 32 parascutellar-coxal muscle 28 R (= radius) 31 parascutellum (pI.: parascutella) 28 RA (= radius anterior) 32 parastylus (pl.: parastyli) [Tortopus (l)J 268 - offore wing [2.2.31J 381 patella (pl.: patellae) 33 - ofhind wing [2.2.64J 383 patella-tibial suture 33 rib oftergalius 36, [1.3.27-29J 375 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.82J 385 - anal 36, [1.3.28J 375 -larval [1.2.18J 370 - costal 36, [1.3.27J 375 pedestal Rs (= radius sector) 31 - ofgonostylus 37, [2.3.7J 386 RS (= radius sector) 32 - oftergalius [Classif. of Furcatergaliae I (I)J 214 - offore wing [2.2.32-41J 381 pedicellus (pl.: pedicelli) 23 - ofhind wing [2.2.66J 383 penial arm 37, [2.3.15J 386 RSa 32, offore wing [2.2.34J 381 penis (pl.: penes) 37, [2.3.15-17J 386 RSal 32, offore wing [2.2.35J 381 phragma (pI.: phragmata) RSa232, offore wing [2.2.37J 381 440 INDEX

RSa2' 31, offore wing [2.2.38] 381 -- hind [1.2.48] 371 RSa2" 31 telotlbia (pl.: telotibiae) 33 RSp 31, offore wing [2.2.41] 381 tergalia (pl.: tergaliae) - see tergalius Sc (= subcostal 31 tergalium (pI.: tergalia) - see tergalius - offore wing [2.2.30] 381 tergalius (pl.: tergalii) 35, [1.3.19-59] 373 - ofhind wing [2.2.63] 383 tergo-cercotractoraI muscle 38 scapus (pl.: scapi) 13 thorax (pl.: thoraces) 16 scutellum (pl.: scutella) 17, [2.2.13] 379 - imaginal and suhimaginal [2.2] 378 scuto-coxal mucle 17 -larval [1.2] 369 scuto-episternal muscle 17 tibia (pl.: tibiae) 33 scuto-parascutellar suture 18 - imaginal and subimaginal [2.2.82] 385 scuto-scutellar impression 17 -larval [1.2.17-18] 370 scuto-trochanteraI muscle 17 - -fore [1.2.30] 371 secondary swimming setae 39, [1.3.67] 378 --middle [1.2.41] 371 sigmoid veins [Anteritorna (1)] 71 -- hind [1.2.47] 371 sine (= without, excluding) 9 titillator 37, [2.3.17] 387 siphlonuroid larval specialization 11 tornoapical margin offore wing 31 - [Euephemeroptera (I)] 57, [1] 363 tornus (pl.: torni) 31, [2.2.28] 380 siphlonuroid wing venation [Anteritorna (1)] 72 tracheal gill spina (pl.: spinae) 16 - paired segmental abdominal - see tergalius stenothoracic tracheostium 40 - other [1] 363 sternal apodeme 16 tracheostium (pl.: tracheostia) 40 styliger 37, [2.3.7] 386 transverse interscutal suture [2.2.10] 379 subalar sclerite 29 - [Classif. ofFurcatergaiiae II (3)] liS subalar-sternal muscle 19, 30 triad 31 subimago (Lat. pl.: subimagines) 11, 22 tricaudale 38 sublateroscutum (pl.: sublateroscuta) 27, [2.2.10] 379 trochanter 33 submedioscutum (pl.: submedioscuta) 27 -larval,fore [1.2.27] 371 submentum 26, [1.1.48] 368 trunk ofMalpighian tubes 39 superior pleural suture 19 turban eye 23, [Turbanoculata (1)] 101 superlingua (pl.: superlinguae) 25, [1.1.27] 365 tusk [1.1.20] 365 suraIare 27 type taxon ofmorpholohical term (in Foreword) xi synonym (pl.: synonyma) vein 31 - circumscribens (pI.: circumscribentia) - offore wing [2.2.28-57] 380 -- non univocum II - ofhind wing [2.2.63-72] 383 -- univocum (pI.: univocal II ventral arc ofprealar bridge 27 tarsus (pl.: tarsi) 33 ventral lobe oftergalius [Ephemerellalfgl (7)] 294 - imaginal and subimaginal volumetric name 10 --fore wing 30, [2.2.27-72] 380 -- -female [2.2.78] 384 -fore [2.2.28-58] 380 ---male [2.2.75-76] 384 - hind [2.2.59-72] 383 --middle and hind [2.2.83-84] 385 wing bud 31 -larval [1.2.19] 370 - fore [1.2.6] 369 --fore [1.2.36] 371 - hind [1.2.9] 369 --middle [1.2.42] 371 441

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

INTRODUCTION Fig. 48. Madeconeuria ...... 154 A BRIEF HISTORY OF MA YFL Y CLASSIFICATION Fig. 49. Elassoneurialg2 ...... 155 Table 1. Development of mayfly classification ...... 2 Fig. SO. Oligoneurialf5=g6, male imago ...... 156 METHODS OF ASSOCIATING LARVAE AND ADULTS Fig. 51. Oligoneurialf4=g5 ...... 157 Fig. 1. Cages for rearing mayflies ...... 5 Fig. 52. Pseudiron ...... 160 PRINCIPLES OF NON-RANKING ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE Fig. 53. Pseudiron and Arthroplea ...... 161 Fig. 2. Difference between nomenclatures ...... 7 Fig. 54. Kageronia ...... 167 Fig. 55. Heptagenialf8=g7, larvae ...... 170 GENERAL PART Fig. 56. Heptagenialti=g6 ...... 171 CHAPTER I. SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF EPHEMEROPTERA Fig. 57. Ecdyonurus/fgl ...... 177 CHAPTER II. MORPHOLOGY OF MAYFLIES Fig. 58. Ecdyonuruslfgl, maxilla ...... 178 2. Size range in main mayfly taxa ...... 21 Table Fig. 59. Atopopus/gl ...... 179 Fig. 3. Larva of aestivalis [Siphlurus] ...... 42 Fig. 60. Raptoheptagenia ...... 186 Fig. 4. Winged stages of aestivalis [Siphlurus] ...... 43 Fig. 61. Cinygma ...... 187 Fig. 5. Pterothorax of aestivalis [Siphlurus] ...... 44-45 Fig. 62. Rhithrogenalfg2, larvae ...... 197 Fig. 6. Mesonotum of aestivalis [Siphlurus] ...... 46 Fig. 63. Rhithrogenalfg2, adult mesonotum ...... 198 Fig. 7. Wings ...... 47 Fig. 64. Paegniodes and Epeorus/fgl ...... 199 Fig. 8. Reduction of wings and pterothorax ...... 48 Fig. 65. EpeoruslfgJ, larvae ...... 200 Fig. 9. Movements oflarvae ...... 49 Fig. 10. Copulation ...... 50 CHAPTER VII. FURCATERGALIAE Fig.B. Genitals of camtschaticus [Ameletus] ...... 51 Table 5. The paradoxical ring in Furcatergaliae ...... 216 Fig. 12. Larval 10th abdominal segment ...... 52-53 Fig. 66. Furcatergaliae ...... 217 Fig. 13. Tergalii ...... 54 Fig. 67. Potamanthuslfgl, larvae ...... 224 Fig. 68. Potamanthuslfgl, adults ...... 225 SPECIAL PART Fig. 69. Euthyplocialfgl ...... 228 CHAPTER III. EPHEMEROPTERA S.STR. &S.LAT. Table 6. Characters ofEuthyplocialfgl ...... 229 Fig. 14. Palaeozoic mayflies ...... 60 Fig. 70. Ephemera/fg9 ...... 238 CHAPTER IV. POSTERITORNA Fig. 71. Ephemera/fgl0, adults ...... 239 Fig. 15. Prosopistomalfl =g2, larva ...... 65 Fig. 72. Ephemera/fgl0, penis structure ...... 340 Fig. 16. Prosopistomalfl=g2, imago and subimago ...... 66 Fig. 73. Behningialfgl, larvae ...... 247 Fig. 17. Posteritoma-Baetiscalf4=gJ ...... 67 Fig. 74. Pentagenia ...... 250 Fig. 75. Anagenesialg2 ...... 251 CHAPTER V. TRIDENTISETA Table 7. Characters of Anagenesialgl ...... 254 Fig. 18. Siphlonurus/fg4 ...... 77 Fig. 76. Cryptoprostemata, larval head ...... 260 Fig. 19. Parameletuslfgl ...... 78 Fig. 77. Polymitarcys/t2=EphoronlgJ, larval fore leg ...... 261 Fig. 20. Ameletuslfgl ...... 83 Fig. 78. Polymitarcys/fl =Ephoronlg2, imagoes ...... 262 Fig. 21. Dipteromimus, Ameletuslfgl, Metretopuslfgl ...... 84 Fig. 79. Asthenopuslfgl, imago ...... 263 Fig. 22. Metretopuslfgl ...... 85 Fig. SO. Tortopus, male imago ...... 264 Fig. 23. Acanthametropuslfg2 ...... 90 Fig. 81. Ochernova ...... 272 Fig. 24. Acanthametropuslfg2 and Ametropus ...... 91 Fig. 82. Leucorhoenanthus, larva ...... 273 Fig. 25. Ametropus ...... 92 Fig. 83. Leucorhoenanthus, adults ...... 274 Fig. 26. Siphlaenigma ...... 96 Fig. 84. Brachycercus/fl =gJ ...... 279 Fig. 27. Palaeocloeon ...... 97 Fig. 85. Madecocercus, larva ...... 280 Fig. 28. Turbanoculata ...... 98 Fig. 86. Caenislf4=g2 ...... 281 Fig. 29. Turbanoculata ...... 99 Fig. 87. Caenis/f5=gJ, pterothorax ...... ' ...... 282 Fig. 30. Nesameletuslf2=Metamoniuslg2 ...... 107 Fig. 88. Caenislf5=gJ, larvae ...... 283 Fig. 31. Nesameletuslfl=Metamoniuslgl ...... 108 Table 8. Structure oftergalii in Ephemerellalfgl ...... 297 Fig. 32. Oniscigaster/fg2 ...... 112 Fig. 89. Ephemerellalfgl, schemes ...... 298 Fig. 33. Tasmanophlebia ...... l13 Fig. 90. EphemerellalfgJ, adults ...... 299 Tabid. Characters of Ameletopsis/fgl ...... 115 Fig. 91. Ephemerellalfg2, larvae ...... 300 Fig. 34. Ameletopsislfgl ...... 116 Fig. 92. Ephemerellalfg4, larvae ...... 308-309 Fig. 35. Chiloporter, larva ...... 117 Fig. 93. Torleyalgl ...... 310 Fig. 36. Rallidens ...... 121 Fig. 94. Hyrtanellalfl =Crinitellalgl ...... 311 CHAPTER VI. BRANCHITERGALIAE Fig. 95. Vietnamella and Austremerella ...... 318 Fig. 37. Coloburiscoides ...... 129 Fig. 96. Teloganodes/gl ...... 322-323 Fig. 38. Coloburiscoides, larva ...... 130 Fig. 97. Tricorygnatha ...... 324 Fig. 39. Coloburiscuslfgl, imago and subimago ...... 131 Fig. 98. Tricorygnatha ...... 325 Fig. 40, Isonychialfg2 ...... 132 Fig. 99. Ephemerythus, Dicercomyzon, Machadorythus ..... 331 Fig. 41. Isonychialfg2 ...... 133 Fig. 100. Leptohypheslfg2, ...... 337 Table 4. Characters ofOligoneurlalf4=gS ...... 145 Fig. 101. Leptohypheslfg2, larva ...... 338 Fig. 42. Chromarcys ...... 148 Fig. 102. LeptohypheS/fg2, adult ...... 339 Fig. 43. Geminovenata and egg anchors ...... 149 Fig. 103. TricorythodeS/fgl, larva ...... 340 Fig. 44. Oligoneuriellalg2, larvae ...... 150 Fig. 104. Tricorythodes/fgl, pterothorax ...... 341 Fig. 45. Oligoneuriellalg2, labium ...... 151 Fig. 105. Tricorythodes/fgl, Allenhyphes, et aI ...... 342 Fig. 46. Oligoneuriellalg2 ...... 152 Fig. 106. Leptophlebialfgl ...... 348 Fig. 47. Oligoneuriellalgl, genitals ...... 153 442

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

design. - subsequently designated by ... design. orig. - original designation (DESIGNATIO ORIGINALIS) INC. SED. - INCERTAE SEDIS incL - including (INCLUSO) - oldest genus-group names of directly subordinated taxa ecept for nominative one NOM. NUD. - NOMEN NUDUM nom. praeocc. - preoccupied name (NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM) sine - without, or excluding - oldest genus-group names of sister taxa syn. obj. - objective synonym (SYNONYMUM OBJECTIVUM) synn. obj. - objective synonyms (SYNONYMA OBJECTIVA) syn. subj. - subjective synonym (SYNONYMUM SUBJECTIVUM) synn. subj. - subjective synonyms (SYNONYMA SUBJECTIVA)

In "References" and "Material examined": 0-egg(s) (OVUM) ~ -larva(e) (the symbol proceeds from baby's dummy) ~ - male larva( e) ~ - female larva(e) 0-subimago(es) of both sexes (J - male subimago(es) 9 - female subimago(es) 63 - imago(es) of both sexes eo - male imago(es) ~ - female imago( es) , - adult female(s) of species which female has no imaginal moult

In "References" only: * - diagnosis of the taxon as a whole , - description of some representatives of the taxon

In "Material examined" only: ~ - reared imago( es) with larval and subimaginal exuviae 0-0 - reared subimago(es) with larval exuviae ~ - reared imago(es) with sub imaginal exuviae ~/o/63 - mature larva( e) with developed subimaginal and imaginal parts ~/O - mature larva(e) with developed subimaginal parts 0/63 - subimago(es) with developed imaginal parts ~/0 - female imago(es) with eggs ,/0 - female adult(s) of non-moulting species with eggs ~/9/0, or ~/9/~/0 - mature larva(e) with eggs ~/0 - reared female imago(es) with eggs ~/0 - all stages of both sexes associated by rearing (larvae of various instars, imagoes with larval and subimaginal exuviae, and eggs extracted from females)