January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1489 commerce, but only with respect to lotteries President of the United States to declare the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS which are lawful in the State in which con­ fourth Saturday of each September "Na­ ducted; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tional Hunting and Fishing Day"; to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. WALDIE: Committee on the Judiciary. bills and resolutions were introduced and H.R. 12444. A blll to authorize pay and By Mr. GONZALEZ: severally referred as follows: benefits for members and survivors of mem­ H. Con. Res. 419. Concurrent resolution ex­ By Mr. ASHBROOK: bers of the Phllippine Scouts on the same pressing the sense of Congress tha.t housing, H.R. 12445. A bill for the relief of Valery basis a.s such pay and benefits are authorized housing assistance, and community develop­ Cha.lidze; to the Committee on the Judiciary. for other members of the Armed Forces and ment programs authorized by Congress By Mr. ASPIN: their survivors; to the Committee on Armed should be carried out at levels at least equal H.R. 12446. A bill for the relief of Do Thi Services. to the levels preva111ng in calendar year 1972, Nguyet Anh; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. BADILLO (for himself, Mr. until such time as funds appropriated for ciary. MATSUNAGA, Mr. STEELE, Mr. BROWN such programs are exhausted or the Congress By Mrs. BOGGS: of California., Mr. BREAUX, Mr. CON­ enacts legislation terminating or replacing H.R. 12447. A b111 for the relief of Airlift YERS, Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. such programs; to the Committee on Bank­ International, Inc., and Slick Corp.; to the BELL, Mr. ROE, Mr. HARRINGTON, Mr. ing and Currency. Committee on the Judiciary. CORMAN, Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS, By Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania: By Mr. BURTON: Mr. WALDIE, Mr. THOMPSON of New H. Res. 798. Resolution to direct the Inter­ H.R. 12448. A b111 for the relief of Mildred Jersey, Mrs. MINK, Mr. EDWARDS of state and Foreign Commerce Committee of Del carmen Gaitan Tijerina; to the Com­ California., Mr. STARK, Mr. RAILS­ the House of Representatives to conduct !'1-n mittee on the Judiciary. BACK, Mr. FRASER, Mr. WHITE, Mr. investigation of the causes and conditions of By Mr. LEGGETT: BRASCO, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. DULSKI, the current petroleum shortages; to the H.R. 12449. A bill for the reUef of Can­ and Mr. ANDERSON of California.): Committee on Rules. dido Ba.dua; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.J. Res. 883. Joint resolution: proclama­ By Mr. , !CHORD (for himself, Mr. ciary. tion of Bilingual Education Week; to the ASPIN, Mr. DENT, Mr. HARRINGTON, By Mr. ROY: Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. DAN DANIEL, Mr. CRONIN, Mr. H.R. 12450. A b111 for the rellef of Mr. By Mr. BADILLO (for himself and Mr. HINSHAW, Mr. NEDZI, Mr. RUTH, Mr. Sawka.t Anwer; to the Committee on the CHARLES H. WILSON of California): DULSKI, Mr. TAYLOR of Missouri, Mr. Judiciary. H.J. Res. 884. Joint resolution: proclama­ TREEN, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. ALEXANDER, By Mr. SMITH of New York: tion of Bilingual Education Week; to the Mr. HENDERSON, Mr. HECHLER of H.R. 12451. A blll for the reUef of the Lock­ Committee on the Judiciary. West Virginia, Mr. KETCHUM, Mr. port Canning Co.; to the Committee on the By Mr. KEMP: GINN, Mr. McKINNEY, Mr. ADDABBO, Judiciary. H.J. Res. 885. Joint resolution to authorize Mr. SPENCE, Mr. HILLIS, Mr. McCoR­ By Mr. YOUNG of Alaska: the President to designate April 30, a.s "Honor MACK Mr. LENT, and Mr. AN­ H.R. 12452. A blll to authorize and direct Our Nation Day"; to the Committee on the NUNZIO): the Secretary of the Department under Judiciary. H. Res. 799. Resolution declaring the sense which the U.S. Coast Guard is operating By Mr. KETCHUM (for himself, Mr. of the House with respect to prohibition of to cause the vessel Miss Keku, owned by MICHEL, Mrs. BURKE of California., extension of credit by the Export-Import Clarence Jackson, of Juneau, Alaska, to be Mr. GOLDWATER, Mr. MATSUNAGA, Mr. Bank of the United States; to the Committee documented as a vessel of the United States HEcKLER of Massachusetts, Mr. on Banking and Currency. so as to be entitled to engage. in coastwise BIESTER, and Mr. EDWARDS Of Ca.l­ By Mr. PATMAN (for himself, Mr. Bu­ trade and the _\merican fisheries; to the t.t'ornia.): RETT, Mrs. SULLIVAN, Mr. ASHLEY, Mr. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ H.J. Res. 886. Joint resolution authorizing STEPHENS, Mr. ST GERMAIN, Mr. eries. increased production of petroleum from the GONZALEZ, and Mr. MINISH) : Elk Hills Naval Petroleum Reserve for na­ H. Res. 800. Resolution to provide addition­ tional defense purposes; to the Committee on PETITIONS, ETC. Armed Services. al funds for the expenses of studies, investi­ By Mr. RIEGLE: gations, and inquiries authorized by House Under clause 1 of rule xxn, H.J. Res. 887. Joint resolution to authorize Resolution 18; to the Committee on House 388. The SPEAKER presented a petition of and request the President to issue a. proc­ Administration. Hon. Malcolm M. Lucas and the other active lamation designating the ca.lendar week be­ By Ml". STEELE: judges of the U.S. District Court for the ginning April 21, 1974, a.s Na.tional Volunteer H. Res. 801. Resolution expressing the sup­ Central District of California., Los Angeles, Week; to the Committee on the Judiciary. port of the House for the formation of an relative to the report of the Commission on By Mr. SIKES: Organization of Petroleum Consuming Na­ .Revision of the Federal Court Appellate H.J. Res. 888. Joint resolution asking the tions; to the Committee on Foreign ~airs. System; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS .OF REMARKS MY CHn.JJREN ARE ORDINARY was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, on the tenth floor. Their fists began to as follows: clench, and they huddled closer together. MY CHILDREN ARE ORDINARY They couldn't become accustomed to the HON. JACOB K. JAVITS (By Judi Silverman) human degradation they saw. They remained OF NEW YORK poised, though their throats were tightening You read about boys setting fire to a young and they were visibly shaken. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES girl, or stoning an old man to death. You By the eighth floor, one of my girls broke Wednesday, January 30, 1974 hear about kids mainlining their life away, down. On the seventh floor, our fifth show, or wasting each other in a gang fight. Lonnie was singing in the sweetest voice, Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, it is too My children are ordinary. They don't make when the room was split with what can only often the nature of things that the aber­ headlines, or columns, or richly-financed be described as a. shattering cackle. rations of behavior grab the daily head­ studies. My children continued without a falter, lines, which tends to give a distorted view Their names aren't Kool Sly, or Ace, or Hit and wished the patients happy holidays. Man. They have ordinary names, like Mark, When they were six floors below, the girls of events. It is for this reason that I am Steven, Gina, and Lesley, Carole, Becky, and broke down and cried. They cried for the especially pleased to bring to the atten­ Tyrone. There were 50 names in all, and they misery and suffering of others. They cried tion of this body an article which ap­ made up the senior glee club of PS 127 in for people they didn't know, and would prob­ peared in the January 6 issue of the New York City. ably never see again. They cried for the sor­ New York Teacher, the publication of These children decided to take their holi­ row of the forgotten, the aged a.nd sick and New York State United Teachers. This day show last month to a local hospital, and lonely. They cried and they were beautiful. article was written by Ms. Judi Silver­ they took their show, their warmth, their I saw the school's toughest boy tenderly youth, and their innocence to Creedmoor comfort a sobbing girl, while tears streamed man, a teacher at public school 127 in down his cheeks. I saw children, black and the East Elmhurst section of Queens, New Hospital. Arrangements were made to visit white, Christian and Jew, cross every man­ York City. It is heartening and warming. the building where the aged were cared for. made boundary in a moment of complete em­ I ask nnanimous consent that the ar­ My 50 high-spirited, wonderful chlldren pathy. began in the ward on the eleventh floor. They I was proud of them. I tried to tell them ticle be printed in the Extensions of Re­ sang four songs, smUing, but the smUes just how proud I was. I love these magnifi­ marks. slowly faded as they looked around. Their cent chlldren, a nd I just wanted to tell you There being no objection, the article faces were serious as they repeated the show this story about them. 1490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 DEDICATION OF Il.\.IPORTANT we are also honored and we are very privi­ This hospital invisions 258 beds but it is SAN ANTONIO HOSPITAL leged to have one of the outstanding con­ the quality of that c~re and its accessibUity struction and building men in the United to it that means the contribution that we States in the person of H. B. Zachry. I share celebrate today. a lot of things with Mr. Zachry, but mostly When we review the contribution of these HON. ABRAHAM KAZEN, JR. our initials "HB". I think we are aware that men and women in and out of San Antonio OF TEXAS the figure perhaps of 13 million might have that have enabled us to enjoy these facUlties IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been greater if the techniques and the in­ we must then silently remember, recall and genuity of the mind of Mr. H. B. Zachry had give a silent vote of thanks to these indi­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 enabled the use of techniques which were viduals. The hospital is what I said, Mr. KAZEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the considered at one time impossible of achieve­ a place to be cured ln. It is a haven dur­ major boasts of San Antonio, a city for ment. ing critical periods in our lives, though. which I am proud to share representa­ I think that it can very conservatively be it is true, we may not suffer from such stated that it reduced the initial cost sub­ diseases as scarlet ff3ver and pneumonia tion in the House, is the high concentra­ stantially. But this building is inanimate. It in a fatal way such as we use to take for tion and quality of medical care provided consists of brick and stone mortar and the granted. But we have equally other doo.dly to the community and the State. Last new technique, but in a few days, if not al­ developments in the maladies of mankind month an important new facility was ready, the thing that gives it life, are human that we must still confront and hopefully dedicated. Metropolitan General Hospital beings that will be performing their duties, overcome. It has not always been this way is the first new hospital to be built in the the nurses, the surgeons, the skUled physi­ and for each brick of this building, as I said downtown area in 40 years. It rises seven cians, the technicians and all the modern and repeat, there is at least one man or one equipment that we know of. This is what is woman who in our long history has helped stories high, contains 258 beds, and cost going to give life to this building. We know to transform the early test houses where $13,500,000. that we will be performing and seeing mir­ death was the only form of relief from suf­ It is also unique in that it is the first acles performed. If we give birth today, al­ fering to the life giving institution of today. multifloor module unit hospital any­ most 100% of it is done in an environment So I end as I began by sincerely congl'atulat­ where in the world, using construction that we call a hospital. This was not true in ing all of the individuals who specifically methods developed by the H. B. Zachry my generation, here in San Antonio. Here contributed either with money, talents or Co. of San Antonio. will be fought, day after day and night af­ services to the construotion of this eminent My friend and able colleague, HENRY B. ter night, the battle of science for the right fac111ty. to life. I wish to thank you for your interest and GONZALEZ, delivered the dedication ad­ Certainly the citizens of San Antonio and your presence. And I wish to thank Mr. Biggs, dress. I am grateful that Charles M. Bexar County should be congratulated today. Chairman of the Board and Mr. Sanders for Sanders, president of the hospital, has Out of this cooperative spirit I have de­ his ever constant courtesy for making it pos­ provided a text of that address which I scribed, we have for the first time in the sible for me to be here to share these min­ am pleased to share with my fellow Southwest, a hospital financed through a utes with you. Th·a.nk you very much. Members: combination of FHA (Federal Housing Ad­ DEDICATION REMARKS OF HON. HENRY B. ministration) and HEW (The Department of GONZALEZ Health, Education and Welfare) this is in itself a unique and historical achievement. Mr. and Mrs. Sanders, Mr. and Mrs. Biggs, And again, it shows in this day and time, in PRESIDENT'S PAGE Canon McAllister, Rabbi and Mrs. Jacobson, which some days we feel it isn't possible of all of the distinguished honored guests and achievement, we can do things through co­ everybody here. In a way, everyone if! an hon­ operative spirit in and out of the govern­ HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE ored guest because I think you share my ment. OF MISSOURI sentiments that we indeed are honored to­ Out of the spirit within the community, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES day. The afternoon is beautiful. It is one of out of your belief in the future, out of your these typical beautiful, gorgeous San An­ concern for your fellow man has grown an Wednesday, January 30, 1974 tonio autumn days. I must admit that Wash­ institution which is a living monument to ington was not too dis-similar yesterday, but Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, Amer­ man's humanity to man. At this time when ican Bar Association President Chester­ I am here only because we have left the Sen­ we are continually confronted with man's ate to wrestle with the mistake of having to in-humanity to man this is indeed a most field Smith, in the December 1973 issue work on the Sabbath day tomorrow. But for joyous occasion. As we look at this bu11ding of the association's journal, reiterates awhile it looked as if the Speaker would today our thoughts are on the future. We that organization's position regarding compel us to stay in today, in order to com­ should also be conscious of the great men the need for truly independent prosecu­ plete work on what some claim is necessary and women in the past. Without their con­ tors in our judicial system. before the government can continue to func­ tribution we could not possibly be here to tion properly. And that is the complete action Mr. Smith's comments are certainly inaugurate this structure. And I am not only worthy of consideration. on the so called "debt ceiling legislation." So talking about the great men and women of I think we are all honored that we have this science generally in medicine throughout PRESIDENT'S PAGE opportunity. We are honored because this the world, but, also those in San Antonio (By Chesterfield Smith) new construction represents, and more than who again our history shows are exceptional. In 1937 President Roosevelt sought to represents, it symbolizes a very great and a Great men of medicine, names that we make significant alterations in the size and tremendous achievement. associate with the early period of this grea,t composition of the Supreme Court of the I think that we are all aware that in San delivery medical system in San Antonio. United States. The American Bar Association Antonio we have had as Mr. Sanders amply Names like Dr. Fe·rdnand Herfr, names like took vigorous action in mobilizing opposition described as a joining of talent, of know-how, Dr. P. I. Nixon are inextricably linked with to what it perceived to be an unwarranted .of facilities that have been worked into a the development and the pace of modern magnificent co-operative delivery system for attempt to bend the judicial system to serve medicine in this area. political expediency. Thirty-six years after health care. This is the site of an experiment held a•t But we are just on the threshold of the fu­ its success in that matter, the Association the turn of the century with a dreaded dis­ is again involved in a great public debate ture and this Metropolitan General Hospital ease in San Antonio-Smallpox. San Antonio is a really substantial contribution to this which, in my opinion, is of equal significance was the site of the famous house where 11 t­ and will be of equal historical consequence. forward thrust in San Antonio. e:mlly infected people, some of whom were I am sure we are all aware of the cost of On October 20, 1973, the President of the fortunate to survive, but still participated in United States discharged Archibald Cox from ·this structure, some 13.5 million dollars. We an experiment to achieve a breakthrough may not be aware of the fact that it takes his office as special Watergate prosecutor. technique to try and control this dre·aded There followed promptly thereafter the res­ a lot of work, a lot of talent and a lot of faith disease. It was still in my generation, not far to put that amount of money together for ignation of Attorney General Elliot Rich­ from this area, where it was customa.ry to see ardson and Deputy Attorney General Wil­ just the construction. the quarantine signs of the skull and cross­ Remember in order to operate this hos­ liam Ruckelshaus. These events and those ·pital-an almost equal amount of money bones posted on trees and telephone posts following have produced a constitutional must be necessary annually, not one time, designating that neighborhood as a quaran­ crisis without parallel in our generation. but every year to sustain the 550 employees tine area because of somebody there either The publication schedule of the Journal and staff it will take to operate fully. The had Scarlet Fever, Dip·therla or, earlier than requires that I wrlte these words several fact that you have the initial investment of thwt, Smallpox. Our generation, thank God, weeks before you read them. Each new day is 13 million dollars that wm have to be paid isn't confronted with that. But we can't be accompanied by new developments so there for, the unique thing is that again San An­ smug. There are those who feel that a facility ls risk that what I write now will be ren­ tonto shows how utilizing the resources on of this kind may be surplus. The truth is dered out of date by subsequent events:siill, -the government level, on the private level, that it barely contributes to the giving of I am proud of what the Association has local, state and Federal levels you can do this essential needs of this communtty must have done. I believe its action rests on principles ,and per_fQr~ this achievement. in the way of hospitals and bed care. which do not change and which are not made January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1491 inoperative by circumstance, and I think it cial prosecutor, functioning as a presidential Symms said, they certainly wouldn't pass a is important for you to know why the As­ appointee, no matter who may fill that job, is Senate version. sociation has done what it has done. not in the interest of a credible investiga­ Rep. Symms, an ardent supporter of free Elsewhere in this issue there is printed the tion or the interest of the country. The spe­ enterprise, called upon industry spokesmen complete text of a resolution adopted by the cial prosecutor deserves to have a truly to oppose the proposed futures trading leg­ board of governors at an emergency meeting independent base of authority. The special islation in the upcoming hearings. More on October 27, 1973. There is appended to prosecutor deserves to perform free from any hearings on the subject are scheduled for to· that resolution and made the official position prior understanding of what evidence is ger­ morrow. of the Association as of the date it was is­ mane and appropriate. The special prosecu­ sued a statement which I released to the tor deserves to do his work free from the pos­ news media on October 22. These documents sibllity of discharge by one whom his duty speak for themselves. What is missing, per­ requires him to investigate. The Association haps, is a further exposition of the general will do whatever it can to provide this EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL SERVICE principle which led to these actions. opportunity. DUE PHILIPPINE SCOUTS During my professional life, it has always been evident to me that lawyers bear a spe­ cial responsibility in our society for the pres­ ervation of a free and democratic govern­ HON. JEROME R. WALDIE ment. As officers of the court and thus as REPRESENTATIVE SYMMS OPPOSES OF CALIFORNIA guardians of the law, lawyers are peculiarly FUTURES TRADING ACT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well qualified to protect the rule of law. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Lawyers should above all others jealously de­ fend and promote the rule of law against all Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, the Philip­ assault. For this reason I called an emer­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS pine Scouts-U.S. Army, a component gency meeting of the board of governors on OF IDAHO of the U.S. Army, was established by the October 27. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. Congress in the Reorganization of The board debated at length and with a Wednesday, January 30, 1974 the Army Act of February 2, 1901. seriousness in keeping with the gravity of During the Bataan and Corregidor the subject. It considered the Association's Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, I enclose Code of Professional Responsibility and its campaigns and at the height of those Standards for Criminal Justice. Behind the the following article from the Journal of fierce and bloody battles, they were specific provisions of. these policy statements Commerce of January 29, 1974, for in­ promised equal pay and allowances equal there lies a general consensus of the func­ formation of my colleagues on important to those of the regular U.S. Army. tion of the judicial system in this country. legislation that is now before the House Such a promise was rightly made. We The board considered carefully the facts Agriculture Committee: firmly believe in the concept of equal pay as they were known, prior policy of the As­ REPRESENTATIVE SYMMS OPPOSES FUTURES sociation, and reached this consensus. The for equal service. TRADING ACT I feel that these men deserve the same issues are novel and complex, yet in the WASHINGTON, Jan. 28.-Rep. Steven Symms, final analysis the action of the Board is jus­ R-Ida.ho, this weekend said that he is op­ benefits. I believe they are entitled to the tified by a very few and, I submit, unassail­ posed to any measures which would restrict same benefits. I believe that we are obli­ able propositions. free trading in commodity futures markets. gated to secure for them the same bene­ First, the rule of law has universal appU­ The Futures Trading Act currently being fits give to the other members of the cation, and no person is above the law. considered by the House Agriculture Com­ Armed Forces. Second, the investigation and prosecution mittee, of which Rep. Symms is a member, of crime under the rule of law requires that Today I am introducing legislation that would, in Rep. Symms' words, "bring futures will secure just benefits for members and the investigation be completely free of the trading under almost limitless government control of the subject, of the investigation control." survivors of members of the Philippine and possible prosecution. Rep. Symms said he is actively seeking to Scouts. Third, independence of the prosecuting kill the proposed legislation while it is in Mr. Speaker, a full copy of the bill official means, at the minimum, that neither committee. If this bill is passed out of the follows: the appointment nor tenure of the persons committee, he promised he would do every­ H.R.- conducting the investigation nor its scope thing in his power to see that the blll is A bill to authorize pay and benefits for mem­ on the lines of. evidence to be examined killed on the floor. should be controlled in any way by the sub­ bers and survivors of members of the ject of the investigation. OFFER SUPPORT Philippine Scouts on the sail).e basis as such Fourth, any controversy relating to evi­ Most trade representatives testifying be­ pay and benefits are authorized for other dence is properly to be determined by the fore the committee recognize that the bill members of the Armed Forces and their court and not determined unilaterally by is not in the national interests, Rep. Symms survivors the subject of the investigation. said, but they think the legislation is in­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Under these principles the board has called evitable so they offer support for the bill Representatives of the United States of for a congressionally created office of the spe­ and attempt only to have the most restric­ America in Congress assembled, That (a) the cial prosecutor to be filled by the United tive clauses removed. Reiterating a state­ Secretary of the Army shall pay to each per­ States District Court for the District of Co­ ment he made before the Agriculture Com­ son who served as a Philippine Scout after lumbia. The board has not taken a posi­ mittee Jan. 24, Rep. Symms said, "I'm just December 6, 1941, and before December 31, tion on executive privilege, and this is not waiting for the day when American business­ 1946, in a lump sum the difi'erence between necessary, for the court is well qualified to men stand up and tell the government to the basic pay which he would have received decide those issues. The legallty of Professor mind its own damn business." for his military service during that period if There appears to be a feeling among in­ Cox's discharge is not in issue, but the fact the rates of pay of the Ph111ppine Scouts had dustry spokesmen that all of the committee been the same as the rates of basic pay for of the discharge underlines the necessity of members support this legislation, Rep. the establishment of a special prosecutor other members of the Army of the United Symms said, and this isn't true. There are States of corresponding grades and length of whose independence of those under investi­ a number of the members who do not want gation is clear and absolute. In this respect, service, reduced by the basic pay actually re­ to pass legislation limiting free trade on the ceived by such person. the board's action looks forward; it is con­ futures markets, but they will vote in favor structive and positive. (b) In the event a person entitled to pay­ of the legislation unless industry spokesmen ment under subsection (a) is deceased, pay­ On November 1 President Nixon appointed start opposing it, he said. ment shall be made to the persons, and in a distinguished past president of the Associ­ PREFER HOUSE VERSION the manner, prescribed in section 27n of ation, Leon Jaworski, as special prosecutor. Some trade officials are supporting the title 10, United States Code. On that day I was giving testimony to the House bUl because they prefer the House SEc. 2. The retired pay of each former Select Committee of Reform of Federal Crim­ version to the proposals that have been of­ Philippine Scout shall be computed for pe­ inal La.ws of the House of Representatives. I fered in the Senate by Hubert Humphrey, D­ riods after the effective date of this Act on told the members of that committee, and I Minn., and George McGovern, D-S.D., Rep. the basis of the rates of pay prescribed for write not without qualification, that I can Symms said. They must remember that any other members of the Army of the United think of no one better qualified to be spe­ proposals passed in the Senate must get States of corresponding grades and length cial prosecutor by reason of his professional through the House Agriculture Committee of service. competence and experience and his unques­ before they can come up for consideration SEc. 3. This Act shall take effect as of the tioned integrity than Leon Jaworski. by the House as a whole. If members of the first day of the first calendar month which Notwithstanding this, I believe and it is House committee do not pass the Futures begins after the date of enactment of this the pollcy of the Association that the spe- Trading Act because it is too restrictive, Rep. Act. CXX--95-Part 2 1492 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 DRIVER OF THE YEAR past when in 1966 you were one of the few our heartfelt best wishes for many, many Pacific Intermountain Express drivers to more years of happ!iness and success. make the Million Milers, in July 1968 when Very sincerely, you were named Callfornia Driver of the Senator JosEPH M. MoNTOYA, Month, in June 1973 when you were named Senator PETE V. DOMENICI, HON. MANUEL LUJAN, JR. New Mexico Driver of the Month, and in Congressman MANUEL LUJAN, Jr., Congressman HAROLD RUNNELS, OF NEW MEXICO 1973 when you were named New Mexico IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Driver of the Year. We are all greatly proud, now, to be a Wednesday, January 30, 1974 VOTING RECORD OF CONGRESSMAN part of the celebration of your selection JOEL PRITCHARD, 930 CONGRESS, Mr. LUJAN. Mr. Speaker, in honor of as 1974 National Driver of the Year. Any ROLLCALLS NOS. 521 THROUGH 726 Wilbur R. "Bill" Moore who has been man who can log 99,000 miles per year, for a total of 3,363,750 miles without major mis­ chosen as Driver of the Year, Senator hap, who can maintain an easy-going ap­ JOSEPH MONTOYA, Senator PETE DOM­ HON. JOEL PRITCHARD proach to life, who can handle twin rigs, put OF WASHINGTON ENICI, Congressman HAROLD RUNNELS in 36 years of safe driving, can raise a fine IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and I wish to have printed as Extensions family, enjoy his grandchildren, and main­ of Remarks the text of the enclosed tain his hobbies and continue to help others, Wednesday, January 30, 1974 letter: deserves everything this Nation can offer Mr. PRITCHARD. Mr. Speaker, last him. November, at the request of a number of JANUARY 28, 1974. In a time when uncertainty prevails in constituents who have asked for copies Mr. WILBUR R. "BILL" MOORE, so many aspects of our lives, when more of my voting record, I inserted my voting Albuquerque, N.Mex. and more traffic fatalities occur each year, record in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. DEAR BILL: The New Mexico Congresstonal when there is a vital need to .. move" our That voting record covered 520 rollcalls Delegation would like to take this oppor­ Country in a timely manner, and when we and quorum calls and indicated that I tunity to extend our heartiest congratula­ all too often lose sight of the true mean­ had an attendance figure of 94 percent. tions and thanks for your many years of out­ ing of things, it is refreshing, gratifying, standing service to the Nation. Your ex­ and noteworthy that a man like you ts an Since last November, there have been periences from the days of being a member American. It is especially gratifying to us, 205 additional rollcalls and quorum calls, of the United States Marine Corps, driving as well as a great source of pride, that you which concluded the 1st session of the for Faria Brothers Trucktng Company, are a New Mexican. 93d Congress. My voting record through Greyhound Lines, and the past 19 years Please accept our heartiest and most sin­ the first session indicates a cumulative with Paciftc Intermountain Express Com­ cere congratulations on your selection as attendance figure of 95.1 percent. My pany, coupled with your acts of heroism Driver of the Year, our deepest thanks for vOting record for the remainder of the on the road., have been recognized in the your years of dedication and devotion, and year is as follows:

Roll- Member's Roll- Member's call Date Description response call Date Description response

52t Oct. 12,1973 H.R. 10203, on passage ______Aye. 581 _____ do ______S. 1570, agreeing to conference report______Yea . 5Z2 _____ do ______Quorum, call of the house ______Absent. 582 Nov. 14, 1973 H. Res. 128, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 583 ___ __ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 584 ____ .do ______.do ______------______Present. ~USZ5 ______~~~·.d~~·- do ______~~~~ -::::_ S. 907, =~~===: suspend ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: rules and pass ______Yea.Pres'h~~· 585 _____ do ______H.R. 11459, on passage ______Yea. *526 ••••• do ______H.R. 8346, suspend rules and pass ______No. 586 Nov. 15,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 527 Oct. 16,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 587 _____ do ______H. Res. 702, previous question on amendment______Nay. 5Z8 _____ do ______tl.R. 9590, agreeing to conference report ______Yea. 588 _____ do ______H. Res. 702, ordering the previous question ______Nay. 529 ••••• do ______H.R. 9590, recede and concur in Senate amendment.. •• Yea. 589 _____ do ______H. Res. 702, recommit with instructions ______Aye. 530 ____ .do ______.do •• ----••••• --.---••• ----•• --•• ----•• --••• _. Yea. 590 _____ do ______H. Res. 702, on agreeing to the amendment ______Aye. 531 _____ do ______H.R. 6691, agreeing to conference report ______Nay. 591 _____ do ______H.R. 11333, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 532 ••••• do ••••••• H.R. 10717, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 592 __ __ _do ______H.R. 11333, on passage ______Aye. 533 _____ do ______H.R. 9681, on agreeing to the amendment. ______Aye. 593 Nov. 26, 1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 534 ••••• do ••••••• H.R. 9681, motion to limit debate ______Aye. 594 _____ do ______H.R. 11238, on passage ______Yea. 535 Oct. 17,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 595 Nov. 27, 1973 H.R. 7446, agreeing to conference report______Yea. 536 _____ do ______It Res. 601, on agreeing to resolution ______Yea. 596 _____ do ______H. Res. 718, on consideration of resolution ______Yea. 537 _____ do ______H.R. 9681, on agreeing to the amendment. ______No. 597 ••••• do ______H.R. 11324, on passage ______Yea. 538 _____ do ______H.R. 9681, on passage ______Yea. 598 Mv. 28, 1973 H. Res. 719, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea . 539 ••••• do ______S. 2016, agreeing to conference report______Yea. 599 ••••• do ••••••• H.R. 11010, on agreeing to the amendment. ______Aye. 540 Oct. 18,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 600 •• __ .do •• ______.do. __ • ______• ______• ____ ••• ______• No. 541 _____ do ______tl.R. 10397, on passage ______Aye. 601 _____ do •••• __ •• __ •• do •• _•• ______._-----._____ No. 542 _____ do ______H.R. 9639, concur in Senate amendment______Nay. 602 ••••• do ______H.R.11010i on passage ______Yea. 543 Oct. 23,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 603 Nov. 29, 1973 H. Res. 72 , on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea . 544 _____ do ______H.R. 10586, on passage ______Yea. 604 _____ do ______Quorum.~ call in committee ______Present. 545 _____ do ______Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 605 ••••• do ______H.R. 11:~75, on agreeing to the amendments ______Aye. 546 Oct. 24,1973 ••••• do______Do. 606 Nov. 30, 1973 Quorum, call of the house ______Present. 547 _____ do ______H. Res. 600, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 607 _____ do ______H.R.11575, on agreeing to the amendment______No. 548 _____ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 608 _•••• do ______do ______------__ Aye. 549 _____ do ______H.R. 3927, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 609 _•••• do ______•• do ______-----______• ______Aye. 550 _____ do ______H.R. 3927, on passage ______Yea. 610 _____ do. ______H.R. 11575, on passage ______Yea. 551 Oct. 25, 1973 H. Res. 655, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 611 ••••• do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 552 _____ do ______H.R. 10956, on passage ______Yea. 612 ••••• do. ______H.R. 11576, on agreeing to the amendment. ______No. 553 Oct. 30, 1973 H. Res. 656, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 613 ••••• do ______H.R. 11576, on passage ______Yea. 554 _____ do •• _____ H.R. 9456, on passage ______Yea. 614 Dec. 3,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 555 Oct. 31,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 615 ••••• do ______S. 1191~,. suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 556 •••••do ______H.R. 9286, reject sec. 817 of conference report ______Nay. 616 _____ do ______H.R. 11110, suspend rules and pass ______Nay. 557 Nov. 6, 1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 617 _____ do ______H.R. 9437, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 558 _____ do ______H.J. Res. 735, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 618 Dec. 4,1973 Quorum.r. call of the House ______Present. 559 _____ do ______H.R. 5875, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 619 ••••• do ______tl. Res. t25, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 560 _____ do ______H.R. 8219~,.suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 620 _____ do ______S. 1443, agreeing to conference report______Yea. 561 _____ do ______H.R. 1093t, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 621 _____ do ______H. Con. Res. 173, suspend rules and agree ______Yea. 562 Nov. 7,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 622 Dec. 5,1973 H.R. 8877, agreeing to conference report ______Yea. 563 ••••• do ______H.J. Res. 542, on Presidential veto ______Yea. 623 ••••• do ______H.R. 8877, reed. and con . in Senate amendment with Yea. 564 _____ do ______H. Res. 687, ordering the previous question ______Yea. amendment. 565 ••••• do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 624 _____ do ______H.R. 7130, on agreeing to the amendment___------No. 566 _____ do ______H.R. 11104, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 625 _____ do ____ ------.do ______------__ Aye. 567 _____ do ______H.R. 11104, on passage ______Yea. 568 Nov. 8,1973 H. Res. 688, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 569 ••••• do ______Quorum_. call in committee ______Present. 628~~~ ===_____ ==~~=== do ______======~~== do ______======------======___= = =----- = = == ~~~No. · 570 _____ do ______H'.R. 9142, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 629 _____ do ______do ______------_------Aye. 571 ___ •• do ______.do •.•• ______• _____ • ______••• ______• ______•• Yea. 630 _____ do ______do ______------. ______------Aye. 572 _____ do ______H.R. 9142, on passage·------Nay. 631 _____ do ______H.R. 7130, on passage ______Aye. 5J3 Nov. 13,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 632 Dec. 6,1973 Quorum call of the House ______Present. 574 _____ do ______S. 1081, recommit conference report with instructions __ Nay. 633 _____ do ______fl. Res. 738, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 575 _____ do ______S. 1081, agreeing to conference report ______Yea. 634 _____ do ______H. Res. 735, on a~reeing to the resolution ______Yea. 576 _____ do ______Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 635 Dec. 7, 1973 H.R. 11459, agreemg to conference report ______Yea. 577 _____ do ______H.R. 8916, agreeing to conference report ______Yea. 636 ••••• do ______H. Res. 673, on agreeing to the resolution ______Nay. 578 ••••• do ______H. Con. Res. 378, on agreeing to the resolution ______Nay. 637 ••••• do ______H.R. 9107, on passage ______Yea. 579 _____ do ______H.R. 8877, recommit the conference report •• ------No. 638 Dec. 10, 1973 Quorum call of the House ______Present. 580 ••••• do ______Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 639 _____ do ______fl. Res. 657, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1493

Roll- Member's Roll- Member's call Date Description response call Date Description response

640 _____ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Absent. 684 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 641 _____ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 685 _____ do ______do ______------_------______No. 642 Dec. 11,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Do. 686 ____ . do ______do ______------__ ------___ Aye. 643 _____ do ______H.R. 10710, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 687 ____ .do ______. do ______--- __ --_--- __ ---_----_------_ No. 644 _____ do ______H.R. 10710, on agreeing to the amendment______No. 688 _____ do ______H.R.11450, on motion to recommit______No. 645 _____ do ______H.R. 10710, on passage ______Aye. 689 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on passage ______Yea. 646 _____ do ______H.R. 11088, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 690 Dec. 17, 1973 Quorum call of the House ______Present. 647 _____ do ______H.R.11088, call in committee ______Aye. 691 _____ do ______.do ___ ------______------______Do. 648 _____ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 692 _____ do ______S. 1435, on motion to recoOJmiL ______Nay. 649 ____ . do ______do ______------Do. 693 __ ___ do ______S. 1435, agreeing to conference report ______Aye. 650 _____ do ______H.R. 11771, on agreeing to the amendments ______No. 694 _____ do ______S.J. Res. 180, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 651 _____ do ______H.R. 11771, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 695 _____ do ______S. 2482, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 652 _____ do ______H.R. 11771, on agreeing to the amendment______No. 696 Dec. 18, 1973 Quorum call of the House ______Present. 653 _____ do ______H.R. 11771, on passage ______Yea. 697 _____ do ______H.R. 9256, agreeing to conference ______Yea. 654 Dec. 12,1973 Quorum, call of the House ______, ______Present. 698 ____ .do ______H. Res. 746, on agreeing to the resolution ______Yea. 655 ____ .do______do ______------______Do. 699 _____ do ______S. 2166, suspend rules and pass ______Nay. 656 _____ do ______H. Res. 744, on agreeing to the resolution ______Aye. 700 _____ do ______S. 2316, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 657 _____ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 701 _____ do ______H.R. 11714, suspend rules and pass ______Nay. 658 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye . 702 _____ do ______H.R. 11763, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 659 ____ . do ______do ______Aye. 703 Dec. 19, 1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 660 Dec. 13,1973 Quorum, call of the ~ouse ______Present. 704 _____ do ______H.R.115713, on motion to recommit______Yea. 661 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on agreemg to the amendment______Aye. 705 _____ do ______Quorum, call in committee ______Present. 662 __ ___ do ______do ______No. 706 _____ do ______H.R. 11510, on agreeing to the amendment______No. 663 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on motion to limit debate ______No. 707 _____ do ______H.R.l1510, on passage ______Aye. 664 ___ __do ______H.R.11450, on agreeing to the amendment______No. 708 Dec. 20, 1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Absent. 665 _____ do ______. do ______------_------__ No. 709 _____ do ______S. 1559, recommit conference report______Nay. 666 Dec. 14, 1973 Quorum call of the House ______.,~ ______Present. 710 _____ do ______S. 1559, agreeing to conference report______Yea. 667 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on agreeing to the amendment______No. 711 _____ do ______H.R. 11575, recommit conference report______Yea. 668 _____ do ______do ______------____ No. 712 ____ _do ______H.R.11575, agreeing to conference report ______Aye. 669 _____ do ______do ______Aye. 713 _____ do ______H.R. 11771, agreeing to conference report ______Yea. 670 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on motioo to limit debate ______No. 714 ____ _do ______S.1983, agreeing to conference report______Yea. 671 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, strike enacting clause ______No. 715 _____ do ______H. Res. 754, suspend rules and pass ______Aye. 672 __ ___ do ______H.R. 11450, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 716 _____ do ______H.R. 9142, agreeing to conference report______Nay. 673 ____ .do ______.do ______------~--- ______Aye. 717 ___ __ do ______H.R. 11576, agreeing to conference report______Yea. 674 ____ . do ______. do ______Aye. 718 Dec. 21, 1973 Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 675 _____ do ______H.R.11450, motion that committee rise ______No. 719 _____ do ______H.R. 11333, concur in Senate amendment______Aye. 676 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, on agreeing to the amendment______Aye. 720 _____ do ______H. Res. 759, motion for a second ______Nay. 677 ____ . do ______do ______------___ Aye. 721 ___ __ do ______H. Res. 759, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 678 ____ . do ______.do ______------_____ ------______Aye. 722 _____ do ______H. Res. 760, suspend rules and pass ______No. 679 ____ . do ______.do ______------______Aye. 723 _____ do ______H. Res. 761, suspend rules and pass ______Yea. 680 __ ___ do ______.do _____ ----- ______------No. 724 _____ do ______H. Con. Res. 411, on agreeing to the resolution ______Nay. 681 ____ .do ______do______No. 725 Dec. 22, 1973 Motion to adjourn •••. ------Not voting. i82 _____ do ______do ______------____ ----- Aye. 726 _____ do ______Quorum, call of the House ______Present. 683 _____ do ______H.R. 11450, motion that committee rise ______No.

IS THE UNITED STATES BUil.JDING course, historically the Chinese have been lean technology and equipment, especially COMMUNIST CHINA'S MILITARY short of fertilizer. This would lead many in the field of farm fertllizers. MACHINE? not to see any problem with American TheM. W. Kellogg Company, for example, announced in late November new contracts firms building fertilizer plants for the to bulld in Ohina five fertlltzer-ammonia Communist Chinese. However, one fac­ plants valued at a total of 130 mlllion dol­ HON. JOHN M.ASHBROOK tor is overlooked. The ammonia and other lars. These agreements, together with three OF OHIO products that are manufactured in such previous awards totaling more th·an 70 mil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fertlizer plants are also an important lion, are said to give Kellogg-a Pullman, Wednesday, January 30, 1974 ingredient in the manufacture of ex­ Inc., division-the largest dollar volume of plosives. As knowledgeable observers business with Peking of any U.S. firm hav· Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, efforts realize, fertilizer plants are easily con­ ing commercial links with the People's of the Nixon administration toward Com­ vertible into explosive plants. The ques­ Republic of China. munist China have resulted in a number In a related deal, Domain Industries, Inc., tion then arises: Is the Kellogg Co.'s has sold 10 heavy-duty packaging systems of different reactions, from unqualified construction program in Communist to China. These are to be used for bagging approval to almost total opposition. 1 China a program for the construction of fertilizer. Eighteen additional units were have criticized these moves, pointing out fertilizer plants or explosive plants? Of purchased by a Japanese firm that ts buUding many of the misconceptions that have course, once these plants are built it will a fert111zer plant for the Ohinese. arisen therefrom and the dangers of this policy. be the Communist Chinese and not us Expanding trade with Communist who will be making that determination. I seriously question if building such THE HOUSING AND COMMUNITY China has also gained plaudits from some DEVELOPMENT LEGISLATION and criticism from others. Even those plants whose end use can be military is who are in favor of expanding trade in the national interest of the United with the Red Chinese I doubt are in favor States or of the American people. HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ of building the military capabilities of At this point I include in the RECORD OF TEXAS Mainland China. All must recognize that the short article from the U.S. News & IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the national interests and the goals of World Report entitled " ...While China the United States of America and the Seeks Trade Lift." Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Peoples Republic of China are in opposi­ The article follows: Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, last tion in a great number of areas, includ­ ••• WHn.E CHINA SEEKS TRADE LIFT year was a very frustrating one for those ing the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Mainland Chinese trade omclals are to visit who have a strong interest in, and feel a. Asia, and Eastern Asia. The Communist the U.S. in 1974 in response to a bid from a responsibility toward housing and com­ Chinese have given both vocal and mili­ group of American business leaders during a munity development legislation. tary support to guerrillas fighting against trip to Peking. The housing assistance programs were our ally Portugal, to terrorists in the It would be the first commercial delega­ suspended by the administration and Middle East, and to the Vietcong and tion from Communist China to travel to this was followed by a similar action in North Vietnamese, to mention only a America. community development programs. few. The Communists still speak of The invitation, extended by the Washing­ Communities across the country have "liberating" Taiwan. ton-based National Councll for U.S.-Ohina worked long and hard to develop proj­ Trade comes when the ftow of goods ts ects, only to find that funds for these In the December 24, 1973, issue of U.S. weighted heavlly in favor of American ex­ News & World Report an -article reported ports. Of an estimated two-way trade 1n activities were no longer available, even , that the M. W. Kellogg Co., has an­ 1973 of 900 mlllion dollars, U.S. imports though legislation for these programs is nounced contracts to build in mainland account for less than 70 million. public law. China five fertilizer-ammonia plants Observers say this imbalAnce stems largely The impoundment issue is now in the valued at a total of $130,000,000. Of from continuing Chinese purcha.ses of Amer- courts, and the cases decided to date 1494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 have been against the actions of this allties about the ultimate question of im­ We work eclectically up to a point, passing administration, but I feel that Congress peachment or with the excitement and judgment upon particular sets of facts, but should take a stand to assure the Ameri­ speculation stirred by particular disclosures. we also test our judgment by asking whether Too little hard debate has focused upon it rests upon reasons that we can articulate can people that we are not turning our what should be impeachable offenses-upon and apply to other situations having the backs on them, and that it is the intent why some wrongdoing should be grounds for same essential elements, with enough gen­ of Congress that funds authorized and impeachment while other misconduct is left erality both in scope and continuity to give appropriated for housing and commu­ to popular judgment at the polls. guarantees against caprice, prejudice, self­ nity development should be spent until I am convinced that the legitimacy of the interest or unreasoned emotion. such time as they are exhausted or Con­ final conclusion in the view of the American So here, the articulation of minimum ac­ gress terminates or replaces them. people wm depend upon the success of coun­ ceptable standards of conduct for any Presi­ sel and other public men in formulating gen­ dent or high executive officer can begin with We cannot reenact housing and com­ eral standards of conduct fairly applicable facts proved or assumed. munity development legislation which to any President, and in educating the pub­ It is fair to say that evidence may be has been enacted and signed by the Presi­ lic upon their meaning and legal and moral available to show that President Nixon's dent. Nor can Congress administer the base. For Democratic Senators and Repre­ lawyers and accountants, without deliberate housing and community development sentatives to keep silent upon the ground misrepresentation, zealously sought every programs, which it has enacted; that is that impeachment is a Republican problem loophole and cut every corner in an effort left to the President and agency heads. and for Republicans to keep silent while they to avoid or minimize the payment of taxes; Today I am introducing a resolution test the political winds is to deny the coun­ to show that others acting on his behalf try the debate necessary to educated self­ likewise stretched every possible point to add which expresses the sense that Congress government and the development of govern­ to the convenience and comfort of Key Bis­ wants the funds authorized and appro­ mental institutions. cayne and San Clemente at public expense; priated to be used unless we say other­ We might give two polar meanings to the and, finally, to show that in some cases they wise, and I hope that the American "high crimes and misdemeanors" for which claimed more than the law allows. people will be convinced that Congress a President, a judge or any other civil officer Bad taste? Surely. Avariciousness? Yes. continues to be committed to the goal may be impeached: anything that satisfies Bad leadership? Again, surely. Morally of decent housing and a suitable living the Congress of the day, or at the other ex­ shabby? I think so, even though the same treme only violations of the criminal law. shabbiness infects thousands of tax returns environment for all, even though the ad­ Convincing historical materials exclude both and expense accounts. Grounds for impeach­ ministration does not seem to have this these poles and leave us with a third view: ment? I wonder. same commitment. that the phrase "high crimes and misde­ We are hardly prepared to say that any meanors" covers some but surely not ·all officer of the United States who, without con­ political offenses-"political" in the sense of cealing or misrepresenting material facts, governmental. claims a tax deduction not due should be ON FORMULATING AN APPROACH Reaching this conclusion moves us along, removed from office. If not, does my phrasing TO IMPEACHMENT but it is only the beginning of the challenge. omit some essential element in President What are the wrongs against the people, the Nixon's situation? Would convincing proof body politic, for which a President may prop­ of material misrepresentation make a deci­ HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. erly be impeached? sive difference? The Gallup poll and like measures of pub­ Let us try again. Is it tolerable or a high OF MICHIGAN He opinion report that a very large majority offense against the liberty and security of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES believes that President Nixon is guilty of whole people for a President to approve in Wednesday, January 30, 1974 covering up wrong-doing, but of those ex­ principle electronic surveillance, mail covers pressing an opinion a majority opposes re­ and burglaries for the purpose of gathering Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, former moval by impeachment. The difference, in domestic intelligence, over the objection of Special Watergate Prosecutor Archibald my opinion, is attributable to a fear of im­ the established agencies to set in motion Cox has written an excellent article en­ peachment not unlike the fear of regicide a small force of his own irregulars--the titled "On Formulating an Approach To and the horror of the regicide once accom­ Caulfields, Ulasewiczes, Liddys and Hunts­ pllshed during the time of Cromwell and who will operate from the executive office Impeachment." It appears in the New King Charles I. outside all the regularizing rules and pro­ York Times, of January 24, 1974, and I Of course, impeachment cannot be wholly cedures of the established agencies in order insert it in the RECORD for the interest illegitimate--the Constitution provides for to effectuate Administration policy and po­ of my colleagues: it-but I think that the country has a deep, litical objectives and to hamper inquiry into their activities? ON FORMULATING AN APPROACH To intuitive understanding that impeachment is extraordinary, radical surgery, legitimate Move to a third area. The President's duty IMPEACHMENT is to see that the laws are faithfully exe­ (By Archibald Cox) only upon some equally fundamental wrong, doing such grave injury to the nation as to cuted. Is it an impeachable violation of this The impeachment process now under way make any incumbent's further continuance responsib1Uty for him to refrain for months poses novel and unusual difficult challenges in office unacceptable even though his previ­ from any form of personal intervention when to lawyers, to men in government and other ous entitlement was based upon popular there is, first, suspicion and later at least forms of public life, indeed to all of us. We election. some evidence that his highest personal aides write upon an almost clean slate. Little law Surely any wrong so fundamental as to re­ and party officials are obstructing justice by or political precedent is available to guide quire setting aside the results of one elec­ covering up criminal misconduct, for him the hard decisions. Yet, regardless of the tion without holding another must be one to Withhold disclosure and refuse evidence outcome, the value of the proceeding wlll that can be stated in general terms plainly when investigation leads to papers taken depend on whether the process is so con­ applicable to any President at any time. The into his files, and for his aides, apparently ducted that the country perceives it as a need is to quiet the fear that impeachment with his approval, to cooperate with those fair and legitimate measure for restoring in­ may be or become a partisan substitute for a seeking to avoid indictment and conviction? tegrity to government. premature election. Political opposition, emo­ I do not imply answers to these questions, If President Nixon should be impeached tion, dislike, distrust and lack of public .nor do I suggest that my factual predicates and convicted, the question of legitimacy confidence (which may be temporary even represent the actual facts. The evidence may will be paramount. If Mr. Nixon is acquitted, when mixed with suspicion of some kind of show more, or less. the country will stm need assurance about wrongdoing) are not enough. The point I wish to emphasize is that it the integrity of that conclusion. Whatever Equally surely, in my opinion, any general is past the time for all those deeply con­ the event, we may fairly ask that the leader­ standard of political conduct the violation cerned with our Government to bend some of ship build better for the future than its pred­ of which would support impeachment must their time and effort away from the excite­ ecessors at the impeachment of Andrew have a broad and generally accepted moral ment of factual disclosures to the very Johnson. base. understood by the country, so that arduous task of formulating and thus creat­ The central challenge is to formulate the again the same rule would apply to any Pres­ ing a substantive law of impeachment where principles, the general standards of conduct, ident, so that we should not be resolving now there is none. Whether the present pro­ by which a President is to be judged in a questions of public policy by impeachment. ceedings help to rebuild confidence in our proceeding that vacates, without direct ex­ Nor should we be making up new rules of system of government or push us further pression of the popular will, a choice made conduct as we go along. Of course, it is un­ down the slope to cynicism and despair wm by the people--in this case overwhelmingly necessary to draw up a complete code of depend upon the abil1ty of the House Judici­ made by the people--in the regular election Presidential conduct. Mixing pragmatism ary Committee to sense the as-yet-unstated only a few years before. with principle is one source of much of the moral intuition of the country and articulate Too much discussion, public and private, creativity in Anglo-American law and gov­ it in operative principles by which President has been concerned either with loose gener- ernment. Nixon's conduct can be judged. January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1495 FACELESS CAS"J'ALTIES MUST NOT IOWA STATE SCORES AGAIN in Room 52 of "Old Physics" where he BE FORGOTTEN mulled over the extensive and frustrating problems of graduate students in the early HON. NEAL SMITH 1930s, and in 1934 revamped an IBM punch­ HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER OF IOWA card machine into a crude mechanical device IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for solving complex mathematical equations. OF CALIFORNIA The young associate professor's tinkering IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 30, 1974 outraged the IBM serviceman and resulted in a letter of criticism from the company for Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, that first try at a mechanical means of scientists and investigators at Iowa State Mr. BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, last getting around the tedious calculations in­ University have from time to time, over volved in the advanced experiments of his December 10, the San Diego Evening Tri­ the years, been the inventors and de­ doctoral candidates. bune published an editorial concerning velopers of every significant and far Dr. Atanasoff relates that it was in a base­ the plight of our men who are still miss­ reaching program, chemicals, drugs. and ment room in "Old Physics" that he and ing in action in Southeast Asia. I be­ machines. Dr. Speeding headed the pro­ Clifford Berry, an assistant, worked between lieve that the sentiments expressed in gram which was an important part of 1938 and May, 1942, in putting together the this editorial have a special significance the Oakridge atomic project; numerous prototype and then the ABC (Atanasoff­ in light of this week's visit to the Capi­ Berry Computer) machine that the court superior metals for the space program; opinion now recognizes as containing most tol by many of the wives and parents building materials made from com stalks of some of our MIA's. I ask that the text of the principles in ENIAC--generally ac­ or wastewood shavings; many inventions cepted as the world's first autoxnatic elec­ be printed at this point in the RECORD incorporated in farm machinery; stil­ tronic digital computer. and I commend it ~o the attention of bestrol; and many other contributions to ENIAC (the acronym for Electronic Numer­ every Member of the House: mankind were products of Iowa state; ical Integrator and Computer) was com­ "FACELESS CASUALTIES" MusT NoT BE and now it has been established that pleted in 1945, the creation of Dr. John FORGOTTEN Vincent Atanaso1f, a former Iowa State Mauchly and Dr. J. Preser Eckert, who have The miseries of the fuel shortage, high physics professor should be recognized as been generally acclaimed in the industry prices and general national unrest cast a as the original thinkers of the computer pall over the entire nation during this sea­ the true father of the important com­ industry. son that traditionally is one of joy. puter industry. Probably nothing else has INDUSTRY FOLKLORE But in 1,200 American homes, the dis­ changed our lives more or contributed In the folklore of the industry and in its tress is compounded by grief and uncertainty to producing on a mass basis more than textbooks, Mauchly and Eckert were treated over the fate of loved ones described by one computers. Computers are hooked up to as the originators of the ideas in the San Diego family as "faceless casualties of machines of production, they are used to ENIAC computer. The patents of Sperry Rand war." store, memorize and retrieve important were based on the legend that the basic ideas Ten months after the signing of the statistics and information. The limit of in ENIAC flowed from meetings of Dr. Vietnam peace agreement in Paris, more their use is still not known. The head Mauchly and Dr. Eckert over a sundae and a than 1,200 servicemen and civillans-once cup of coffee in a Philadelphia, Pa., listed as prisoners-of-war or missing in ac­ of the Washington Bureau for Cowles restaurant. tion-remain unaccounted for. Publications, Clark Mollenho1f, has doc­ Conveniently forgotten was that Dr. And the question that nags anxious and umented the fantastic story of Dr. Atan­ Mauchly had visited Dr. Atanasoff in Ames lonely wives, children and parents during aso1f's part in the development of the in 1940, had been his houseguest, and had this Christmas season is: "Are our men alive computer industry. been given access to Dr. Atanasoff's papers in Communist hands?" Now that it has been legally established and the machine then under construction. It is possible, of course, and concerned that Dr. Atanaso1f is the true father He had even asked if he could take with relatives feel understandably that they have him a copy of a 35-page study that incorpo­ been betrayed by North Vietnamese leaders of the computer, I assume Iowa State may want to extend appropriate recogni­ rated the ideas of "regenerative memory" who pledged release or accounting of all and "logic circuits," but Dr. Atanasoff re­ Americans in Southeast Asia. They believe tion and justly point with pride to the jected the request, feeling that he had been they have been neglect ed by a U.S. govern­ fact that one more of a long list of im­ sufficiently hospitable in free discussions and ment that has failed to pursue vigorously portant inventions is directly related to permitting Dr. Mauchly to read the paper. fulfillment of the pledge. this University which has contributed so On Oct. 19, 1973, U.S. District Judge Earl The Paris agreement calls specifically for much to our scientific and technological H. Larson , ruling on a $200 million patent all parties to the pact to "help each other" obtain information about the m issing, to advancement. Following is the story as infringement suit brought by Sperry Rand determine the location of graves of the related by Clark Mollenho1f: against Honeywell, Inc., made a finding that dead and to facilitate the exhumation and [From the Des Moines Sunday Register, Dr. A tanasoff's work was the source of most repatriation of remains of the dead. Jan. 27, 1974] of the ideas in ENIAC and invalidated the patent rights. To date, not one body of the 60 Ameri­ COURT: COMPUTER IOWAN'S IDEA Had Dr. Atanasoff felt compelled to chal­ cans reported to have died in captivity has (By Clark Mollenhoff) been ret urned. There has been no effort to lenge the Mauchly-Eckert legend, it is doubt­ reconcile discrepancies in respect to men MoNROVIA, MD.-More than 35 years after ful if he could have afforded the long court known to have been captured but unac­ his initial work on the theory of development struggle with such a corporate giant as counted for at the tim~ of the prisoner ex­ of a computer at Iowa State College, Dr. Sperry Rand. change. American search and rescue teams John Vincent Atanasoff has been recognized 8-YEAR FIGHT have been denied access to areas where most as the true father of the multibillion-dollar­ But, as the financial interest of one cor­ of the missing disappeared. a-year computer industry. porate giant denied Dr. A tanasoff his proper The American government has been reluc­ The affable, 70-year-old former Iowa State recognition, the financial interest of another tant to press the issue. Only one formal College mathematics and physics professor giant--Honeywell, Inc.-created the condi­ protest has been made to the North Viet­ and his Iowa-born wife, Allee, have "little tions for an 8-year court fight over patent namese government and that under prod­ bitterness" and "few regrets" over the tardi­ rights. ding of the National League of Families, ness of the recognition. That fight ended with Sperry Rand's which has dedicated itself to ripping down In fact, they take some consolation that ENIAC patents declared invalid. Sperry Rand the curtain of cruel silence. the lengthy Minneapolis federal court trial then made a $3.6 million settlement with The families of the missing men have not that brought forth the facts has solidified Honeywell. forgotten. the record of Dr. Atanasoff's contribution in The court verdict is based upon thousands Neither should the mlllions of Americans a manner that is seldom achieved. of pages of pre-trial depositions and an ex­ who so recently gave a hero's welcome to The federal court record that established tensive 135-day trial on the patent rights each of the prisoners-of-war released from Dr. Atanasoff as "the Thomas Edison" of tiie that cost both firms millions of dollars for prison camps in Southeast Asia. electronic digital computer also establishes investigations, legal fees, and court costs. And neither should our elected repre­ just as clearly that essentially all of the Dr. Atanasoff was a key witness for Honey­ sentatives in Congress, the White House, the pioneer work was done in the shop and base­ well, gave extensive depositions as early as state Department, the Defense Department ment of the Old Phy·sics Building of the November, 1968, and testified for nine days or our embassies abroad. compus of what is now known as Iowa State 1n June, 1971. Those brave men who put their lives University at Ames. It was the opinion of Judge Larson that on the line for us remain, dead or alive, the REVAMPED MACHINE Dr. Mauchly obtained the ideas incorporated concern of each and every compassionate "J.V.", as the handsome grey-haired in ENIAC from Dr. Atanasoff during the 1940 American. scientist is called, said last week that it was visit to Ames.

/ 1496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974

NO SECRECY Nor is he particularly regretful of the Iars out of the sale. He eventually became a "The discussions Mauchly had with both fumbling uncertainty of Iowa State College vice-president of Aerojet General. Atanasotf and Berry while at Ames were free officials and lawyers who faUed to file the UNIQUE HOUSE and open and no significant information con­ proper patent applications in the early 1940s. He retired in 1963 at the age of 60 and cerning the machine's theory, design, con­ "I would have received half the money Iowa immediately embarked upon construction of struction, use or- operation was withheld," State received from the sale of the patent a unique cement slab farm house on his Judge Larson stated. rights," Dr. Atanasoff said. "But from a prac­ 195-acre farm in the rolllng countryside near The Minnesota judge noted that "prior to tical standpoint, they probably wouldn't Monrovia, Md. his visit to Ames, Mauchly had been broadly have sold for anymore than $25,000 to $50,- Although aware he had made a substantial interested in electrical analog calculating 000. I tried several times to get mM and contribution to the pioneering on computers, devices, but had not conceived an automatic others interested in the late 1930s, and I have their letters expressing no interest or saying Dr. Atanasoff had no occasion to make deep electronic digital computer." inquiry into the substance of Sperry Rand's Judge Larson commented that he found they saw no practical use for such equipment." ENIAC patents untU early 1967 when law­ the testimony of Dr. Atanasoff "to be cred­ yers for Control Data contacted him, followed ible." He found Dr. Mauchly's lack of memory LEFT IN 1942 shortly by lawyers for Honeywell, Inc. to fall short of "a finding of wlllful and in­ The energetic scientist left Iowa State 1n Both Control Data and Honeywell were in­ tentional fraud" but declared it was filled late 1942, shortly after completion of the volved in patent disputes with Sperry Rand, with "various derelictions" on the initial computer, and although he remained a full and were interested in breaking Dr. Mauch­ representations to the patent office. professor in absentia until 1945, he did not ly's claims of a patentable right in key fea­ Mauchly said that he stlll takes the posi­ return. tures of ENIAC. Dr. Atanasoff soon came to a tion that the Atanasoff-Berry Computer was During the war years he worked in the conclusion that "anything that was worth a "just a crude little machine that wouldn't Naval Ordnance Laboratory in Washington, damn in ENIAC had been in the papers I'd really do anything" and that ENIAC was "a and became chief of the acoustic division gone over with Mauchly in 1940." highly sophisticated and operational ma­ where he directed the Navy's FUZE program With that realization came the desire to chine." and served as chief scientist of the U.S. Army produce all the evidence that would set the "Dr. Eckert and I wish that the Sperry field forces. record straight for himself and for his late Rand people would have appealed this, be­ Absorbed in his war work, Dr. Anatasotf friend and assistant, Cliff Berry. cause it does leave us in a bad position be­ lost touch with the details of computer de- "I had most of the initial mathematical cause of the misunderstanding of the court," velopments. · concepts, but it was largely Cliff's hands that Dr. Mauchly said. After the war, he turned down an oppor­ made the parts in the shop and his ideas on Dr. Mauchly tQld The Register that he tunity to return to Iowa Sta.Jte as head of the how to get things done that were vital in put­ admitted having gone over all of Dr. Atana­ Physics Department. ting the machine together," Dr. Atanasof! soff's mat erial in 1940. When he left government in 1952, he estab­ said. Berry died in 1963, four years before the "I don't think I learned anything from his lished his own consultant firm known as Ord­ serious litigation started. papers, and I was merely trying to help the nance Engineering Corp., a firm that "was VITAL CONCEPTS guy in case Iowa State didn't want to finance financed with the help of some of my old him," Dr. Mauchly said. "I really don't know friends from Iowa" and that "teetered on the Although the court record is filled with ac­ what the judge's decision means from a brink of bankruptcy" in its first years. counts of Dr. Atanasotf and Berry wrestling standpoint of the individual patents on Dr. Atanasoff studied accounting methods with the problems of computer development ENIAC because I haven't had time to review for two days before setting up the accounting at "

no mechanisms in existence to do the things LOYALIST REALISM: THE BOAL INITIATIVE taining control over the Province of Ulster we wanted to do," Dr. Atanasoff said. (By Fred Burns O'Brien) by polarizing the major religious commu­ The prototype was completed in the fall of nities. The British have played on religious 1939, and even before it was finished Dr. Approximately one year ago, I wrote an article on the benefits of regional govern­ myths and fears that could be diffused if Atanasoff and Berry moved into the con­ the people were left to guide their own struction of the first operational computer, ment in Ireland that in my opinion would be the solution for the cr·isis that confronts destiny. Desmond Boal apparently seeks that which was completed in the spring Of 1942. destiny by his overtures to all the people In December, 1940, Dr. Atanasoff first met Northern Irel•and. At that time my corollary theories were premised on the proposal ini­ of Ulster and Ireland in general. Dr. Mauchly while attending a meeting in Connection Dissolved Philadelphia of the American Association for tiated by the Provisional Republicans led by the Advancement of Science, and they en­ Ruairi O'Bradaigh and Northern Republicans It is Mr. Boal's contention that the British gaged in discussion of the computing ma­ led by Frank McManus, M.P. The feasibility connection has been severed by Britain's chine that was under construction at Iowa of this pl!lin still holds true and in addition Sunningdale scheme, and the matter of State. to it, a parallel formula has been devised by pledging allegiance to the Crown is no longer A few weeks later, Dr. Mauchly went to a member of the Loyalist Community. a relevant issue. He is dutifully concerned Ames, lived with Dr. Atanasoff for several The idea of a federated or amalgamated with the fate of Northern Ireland and its days, talked with Berry, read Dr. Atanasoff's Ireland is the structure constructed by Mr. people and desires to negotiate the most re­ 35-page analysis of the computer problem Desmond Boal, Q.C., a Protestant Loyalist, warding political settlement which is a fed­ and made an unsuccessful effort to obtain a who foreshadows the future in an Irish na­ eral Ireland. He feels that Ulster's life is copy to take back to Philadelphia. tion with quallfications to be negotiated for best served by the creation of a strong Stor­ The fact that Dr. Atanasoff "hasn't received Ulster that wUl assure LoY'alists a continu­ mont Reglona.l Parliament with allegiance a dime" from his pioneer work on computers ance of their way of life, but with ultimate to a federal state. is cushioned by the fact that other contribu­ authority now held by the British in a fed- Two noteworthy achievements would be tions he has made to scientific leadership eral Irish parliament. · realized under Desmond Boal's design; Ire­ have been coupled with business success that His plan has the backing of the IRA, UDA land would be rid of British control, the provides a comfortable retirement in rural and UVF, three paramilitary organizations dearest desire of Republicans and Northern Frederick County, Maryland. formed to protect communities with North­ Ireland would control its own destiny (with­ QUIET LIFE ern Ireland. This fact can guarantee peace, in an amalgamated Ireland) the urgent need "Our life has been satisfying, and we like something the British Government and of the Loyalists. Specific details of Boal's fed­ our life style," Dr. Atanasoff said. It is a quiet Southern Irish Government cannot imple­ erated state and the Republican's regional life in the country, with a "farm room" for ment. In addition it would be the construc­ state are negotiable and not so strict as both the two huge deep freezers that store the tion of an entirely new Irish nation without sides adhered to in the past. The most signif­ frozen foods Allee prepares from the big gar­ interference from Britain. The Boal Plan is ican aspect of the Boal Initiative is that it den that J.V.loves to tend when he Isn't busy a compromise between the Regional Plan of accomplishes the impossible as alluded to by in his workshop. Sinn Fein as espoused by O'Bradatgh and outsiders. J.V. has appropriated a part of Alice's farm McManus and the call for an independent Britain has been undeserving of Ulste1'­ room for some electrical experimentation, Northern Ireland as suggested by Mr. John men's loyalty evidenced by the imposed solu­ and has moved into her huge kitchen with a Taylor, Mr. WUllam Craig and the Reverend tion of Sunningdale and the elusive Oouncll wine-making project. Ian Paisley. It has a basic appeal to the of Ireland. She has manipulated Loyalists to The same drive, energy and brilliance that various factions mentioned and without the her own designs and only people "blind to Dr. Atanasoff put into the development of support of all, nothing can work in Ireland. the significance of recent history" are un­ the first computer go into every project he Loyalism aware that the British Government no longer tackles. seeks to assure that Loyalists can retain a "If there is a book written that tells how to The appelation "Loyalist" at one time des­ power base. do it, J.V. knows he can do it," his wife says. ignated the connotation of loyalty to Britain, Any Source Acceptable but in reality the Loyalist is true to the And he is just as admiring of Alice, nearly Gallantly, Mr. Boal rejects the allegations 20 years his junior. He praises her accom­ State or Province of Ulster. This would have plishments as a business manager, as a pro­ the overtones of an Irish connection rather that a federal Ireland be denied recognition fessional draftsman, as a social companion, than the strict British implication. This loy­ because it has been proffered as well by the as a voracious reader, and "for the great thing Provisional IRA. He wlll not denegrate an alty to Ulster is based on a tradition rooted idea due to its source, unpleasing to most she has been to my life." in Ireland by Irish Ulstermen, tak1ng its He relies upon Alice to call his attention to Loyalists. He cites his plan as assuaging Pro­ rightful place with other Irish traditions in testant fears and terminating Provisional things he should read, and for the ready full equality. knowledge of the details of testimony in the violence and this has credence, especially in computer patent suit, the names of people he A new or rejuvenated pride in Ulster is a light of the further contention that it would has met in connection with the suit, or on healthy sign and a foundation upon which curtall any violence iil!l.tiated from the Loyal­ their 1970 trip to Bulgaria where Dr. Atana­ to build a unified province and a nation. All ist side. soff was honored for his contribution to the people, Nationalist and Loyalist, can be a We who want Ireland molded to one na­ computer science field with a decoration by part of a New Ulster which wlll be a signif- tion with peace and justice amongst all fac­ the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 1oont part of a New Ireland. Regional pride tions plead with all Irish men and women to IRONIC TIMING can be emitted from all regions of the pro­ pay heed to Mr. Boal and Frank McManus as posed federal state and be pertinent io a well as others who aspire to see Ireland as Ironically, the decoration with the order of one with many strong contributing areas: Cyril and Methodius, First Class, which 1a particular area with a spec1flc history that the highest award for science in Bulgaria, might differ from others, such being the case The federal theory confronts reality four­ came at a time when the scientific world in in Ulster. It appears that an attitude of square, while the Ulusions of Sunningdale America was stlll caught up with the ENIAC Ulster loyalty is the basis for Mr. Boo.l's ini­ postpone it. myths. tiative and a concrete base far superior to the Dr. Atanasoff was born in Hamilton, N.Y. recent British designations culminating in His father had been born in Bulgaria, and the Sunningdale Agreement which stipulates Dr. Atanasoff makes light of the award with a far distant British base. a quip that "Bulgarians wanted to believe A new destiny WE NEED A NEW MINIMUM WAGE that someone of Bulgarian blood was a pio­ BILL neer in the field of computers, and so they Desmond Boal, like many Loyalists has were eager to find evidence that I was a come to the realization that Britain does pioneer." not have the best interests of the people of HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN But he added that while the Bulgarians Ulster in her policy makin,; and that the "had a special interest, they did a quite thor­ future lies in the attainment of self-deter­ OF ILLINOIS ough job of research." mination within a proposed structure of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES federated Irish state, with strong regional Wednesday, January 30, 1974 parliaments. With the ambiguities of Sun­ LOYALIST REALISM ningdale visible, regionalism becomes more Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, in re­ a necessity and it is the impetus of Mr. Boal's cent newsletters and speeches, AFL-CIO suggestion as he seeks to establish the best President George Meany has been be­ HON. PAUL W. CRONIN possible governmental power base for the moaning the veto of the minimum wage OF MASSACHUSETTS inhabitants of Ulster. Due to his impecible bill. I would like to address myself to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES credentials, Mr. Boal cannot be taken lightly; Mr. Me.any's complaint: he speaks for a 'substantial portion of the Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Loyalist population. The minimum wage bill, so George Meany Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, under This writer has on previous occasion al­ complains, leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ leged that the British Government utilized Should not have beeen vetoed, the veto ORD, I include the following: the Protestant Community as a pawn in re- not sustained. 1498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 In part, he is right, I, for one, would over the foreign travel of its citizens. BUT VEHICLE STILL WORKING ••• WATER, agree, Although the oath, in and of itself, would GAS MIXED UP Too long some have waited a raise to see. not be the determining factor, elimina­ (By John Shurr) The bill, though, was laden with bad as tion of this requirement certainly makes If University of Oklahoma. Prof. Walter J. well as good. the task no easier if a national emer­ Ewbank's formula for mixing water and The people said, "Do better," and the gency should arise. gasoline proves to be workable, the American motoring public may no longer have to worry House agreed we could. Aside from the philosophic reasons about the current gasoline crisis. In his heart, George knew the features which might be brought to bear, one is Tests, begun only a. few weeks ago, are that were bad; caused to wonder what strain of con­ under way on U.S. Postal Service delivery But, having been the author, he got very science there would be in ascribing to the vehicles in Norman in a.n effort to determine mad. passport oath. Is there objection to oaths the long-range effects of burning the mix­ So, forsaking those poor folks, while in general or to this one in particular? ture in engines which are designed to run prices do go up, Is there objection to the authority of the only on gasoline. Government to require an affirmative act Ewbank, a. professor of aerospace, mechan­ Big George commands Congress: Don't ical and nuclear engineering a.t OU, bas you dare :fill their cup ! on the part of its citizens? If so, the same been working since 1965 on an emulsified His tactic, I'm sure, does not escape or complainers must cringe at the thought fuel which will cause water to suspend in miss you: of paying income taxes, securing an auto­ gasoline. If he can't have his way, he prefers an mobile driver's license and a host of other Although it has been believed that higher issue. things which the Government commands octane fuels are the answer to complete fuel of its people. combustion, Ewbank maintains that the an­ What he forgets, although he is very swer is to combine gasoline with water. wise, Affirming faith and allegiance to the Government, whether it be on a pass­ "It's a. more etficient fuel and a. lot Is that good laws always come from com­ cheaper," he says. "I've been convinced of promise. port application, in a salute to the flag or that since about 1967." Come now, you scoff, he is but one man; in transaction of business involving Gov­ In order to test whether the mixed solu­ Does Congress wait 'til he says, ''You ernment contracts should not be an in­ tion is indeed as etficient a.s Ewbank believes, can!"? cumberance in the minds of the loyal. It the Postal Service's Maintenance Technical 'Tis sad, but true; and as proof I note should cause no great problem to the Support Center (MTSC) in Norman is con­ political theoretician, for somewhere ducting extensive tests. Seven other vetoes got another vote. Since the latter part of November, MTSC What then, you ask, can be done about along the way he is going to have to affirm his support of some function of engineers have compared the gasoline-water this fellow? fuel's etficiency with that of regular gaso­ Is there a flicker of hope that he might Government if he expects to survive in line. Most of the testing has been done at mellow? today's scheme of things. the Postal Service's facility where exhaust We must keep trying, not give in to skep­ I hope Congress will move to clarify the emissions and combustion etficiency are ticism-- situation. measured. The director of the technical support cen­ George can't be so bad Congress needs an ter, Blair L. Wildermuth, says the tests al­ exorcism! ready conducted have shown that the POSTAL SERVICE EXPERIMENTS amount of carbon monoxide and other ex­ WITH GASOLINE-WATER MIX- haust emission contaminants are reduced by TURE using the mix. OATH OF ALLEGIANCE Although only one delivery truck is be· ing used for the current tests, four test ve­ hicles will be put into operation around HON. DAN DANIEL . HON. TOM STEED Norman by the end of next week. OF VffiGINIA OF OKLAHOMA "We want to see what the driveability is," IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he says. "If we can't get them started in the morning or they stall going from box to Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Wednesday, January 30, 1974 box, then we'll know the formula. will have Mr. DAN DANIEL. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, a fuel experi­ to be improved." Department of Justice has decided not to ment of particular interest is being con­ So far, Wildermuth says, the tests have ducted at Norman, Okla., by the U.S. shown that the truck using the 13 per cent ask the Supreme Court to review the de­ water and 87 per cent gasoline mix get bet­ cision by the U.S. District Court for the Postal Service through its Maintenance ter gas mileage and lower gasoline emissions. District of Columbia which invalidated Technical Support Center located on the "We haven't found a single harmful side the oath of allegiance on the passport campus of the University of Oklahoma. effect yet," he said. "Ewbank has been run­ application form. Because of this, appli­ Four delivery trucks at the Norman ning tests on his three cars for a year and cants for passports no longer will be re­ post office are operating on a mixture of has had no problems." quired to affirm any support for the water and gasoline, using an emulsified The Postal Service is planning to test the Government of the United States and four trucks over a six-month period-three fuel, in which water is suspended in months using the 87-13 per cent (gasoline the Passport Office will not be able to gasoline, developed by Prof. Walter J. to water) mixture and three months using a. question those who apply for passports, Ewbank of the University of Oklahoma 70- 30 per cent mixture. even though their disloyalty or avowal faculty. "The only problem with the higher water of anti-American causes may be a mat­ Tests using 13-percent water have mixture," Wildermuth says, "is that we have ter of public knowledge. been underway since approximately No­ to do a. little more to the engine." This raises serious questions which in He said that with the 87-13 per cent mix, vember 26, Blair M. Wildermuth, Direc­ the MTSC mechanics only have to adjust my opinion, Congress should deal ~th tor of the Maintenance Technical Sup­ before absence of action may be inter­ the truck carburetors. However, when using preted as approval. port Center, says. Two one-fourth ton the higher water concentration, the car­ postal vehicles at the Norman office have buretor's must be modified slightly. The District Court's decision came on been used, and since early this month "If the tests are successful after six June 26, 1972 and it was upheld by the months," Wildermuth says, "the entire Nor­ U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of two one-half ton trucks. man postal fleet will be changed over to Columbia on October 26, 1973. Thus, the Thus far the 13-percent water emul­ using the mixture." question has been at issue already too sion has shown good efficiency and fuel Wildermuth says the concept of using long a time. Prior decisions of the Su­ economy, as expected, but it is too early water and gasoline was developed during for the Postal Service to attempt a com­ World War II when water injection systems preme Court held, in 1952, that the oath were used in aircraft engines. These systems, of allegiance was a valid requirement, prehensive estimate of the success of the however, involved supplying water and gaso­ and that the Secretary of State must re­ demonstration. line to the engine separately. solve the question of allegiance before a John Shurr, a reporter for the Nor­ He said the use of water with the aviation passport could be issued, in 1958. man Transcript, gave additional in­ gasoline resulted in ''better cooling and com­ The most recent decision raises the bustion etficiency." formation on the experiments in an arti­ Ewbank, who has demonstrated the feasi­ question of where this places the Govern­ cle that appeared soon after they got bility of the mixture before Environmental ment in having any degree of control underway. The full text follows: Protection Agency (EPA) and Chrysler Motor January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1499 Company officials, says motorists using the inequities and hardships, and to encourage secUrity and foreign affairs, it is dimcult to combination fuel would receive more mlles and preserve the competitive viablUty of find cases that can be taken into court. per gallon. branded independent marketers, small re­ Impeachment can be seen as an extreme He says that when the emulsion used to finers, nonbranded Independent marketers, form of judicial process; as such, it has at combine the water and gasoline is made and independent refiners, as refined in the least as many limitations as court proceed­ on a larger scale, the cost per gallon of the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973 ings. "High crimes and misdemeanors" must mixture will be about the same as that paid (Public Law 93-169). be proved. In today's meanings of those for gasoline. "(o) The President shall, by written order, words (which are the meanings the Congress The mixture process Ewbank has developed issue rules to insure that all corporations acts on, though a case can be made that the allows water and gasoline to combine in a or other entities engaging in sales of crude phrase carried a looser meaning when it was suspended state. Without suspension, gas­ petroleum at the refinery level or petroleum written into the Constitution), a President oline, which is lighter than water, would products at the wholesale level reflect, in who has simply lost his capacity to lead and separate from the mixture and rise. sales to any purchaser, the average costs of govern because of bungling, betrayal by 111- its foreign and domestic crude oil and petro­ chosen subordinates, or any of the other leum products. weaknesses that can lead to misuse of pres­ "(p) Section 406 of Public Law 93-153 is idential power, cannot for that reason be re­ BILL TO ROLL BACK PRICES ON hereby repealed. lieved of power. CRUDE OIL AND PETROLEUM " ( q) For purposes of this section 'petro­ The Senate's pov.-er to confirm appoint­ leum product' means gasoline, kerosene, dis­ ments is not an et!'~ctive check, for the ob­ PRODUCTS tlllates (including Number 2 fuel oll), LPG, vious reason that the SenatP- cannot know in refined lubricating oils, or diesel fuel." advance which pres.f.ential appointees are going to abuse th~ir power. When the names HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN of John Mitchell and Maurice Stans were OF NEW YORK presented for confirmation, no one could have IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES A CHECK ON THE PRESIDENCY foreseen that they would be indicted four years later. If the Senat- could unconfirm Wednesday, January 30, 1974 appointments, that would be a real check, Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker. I am but such power-fer good reason-was not HON. HENRY S. REUSS granted by the Constitution. submitting a bill relating to price roll­ OF WISCONSIN backs on crude oil and petroleum prod­ If the President noes something the ma­ ucts which I introduced on January 28, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES jority in Congress disapproves, it can amend Wednesday, January 30, 1974 the law to prevent +.he President from doing 1974. The text of the bill is as follows: it again. But this possibutty is more theory H.R. 12306 Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, James L. than fact. The President retains the power A blll to amend the Economic Stablllzation Sundquist, senior fellow in the Brookings of veto, and 1! he wants to go on doing what Act of 1970 Institution governmental studies pro­ the congressional majority objects to, a mi­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of gram, has some sensible remarks about nority of one-third plus one of either house Representatives of the Untted States of the need for a workable check on the is sumcient to sustain his veto. Nor can an America in Congress assembled, That the amendment usually be made retroactive to powers of the Presidency in an article force a reversal of what the President has Economic Stab111zatlon Act of 1970 is which appeared in the fall 1973 issue of amended by inserting in section 203 the already done. Moreover, to curtail the execu­ following new subsections: the Brookings Bulletin, based on his tive power by law is liable to prevent the "(k) Immediately upon the date of enact­ remarks at an October 1973 conference President from accomplishing ends that in ment of this subsection, the President shall at the Washington Journalism Center: the congressional v~ew are still desirable. issue an order to establish a celllng on prices NEEDED: A WORKABLE CHECK ON THE Nor is the power of the purse an effective of crude oil and petroleum products at levels PRESIDENCY check. Since appropriation bills are only a form of legislatio:::l, attempts to control the not greater than the highest levels pertaining (By James L. Sundquist) to a substantial volume of actual transac­ President through the budget encounter the The Presidency puts too much power in same dimculties as in attempting to control tions by each business enterprise or other one man. That proposition is heard increas­ person during the fourteen day period ~nding him through am ,\ding substantive law. He ingly these days, for a decade of war in Viet­ can veto bills carrying unpalatable riders, and January 19, 1974, for like or similar commodi­ nam and now the Watergate affair have re­ ties, or if no transactions occurred during his vetoes will usually be sustained. To cut vealed a vast potential for abuse of the funds is no corrective for maladministration. such period, then the highest applicable level enormous power that is entrusted to a single in the nearest preceding fourteen day period. Lastly, in order to legislate and appropri­ human being. And the realization ha& come ate, the Congress through its committees "(1) The ceiling on prices required under as something of a shock. After all, this was subsection (k} shall be applicable to all retail may obtain information on how the laws are exactly what the Founding Fathers, reacting carried out, using subpoenas if necessary. prices and to wholesale prices for unfinished, against the tyranny of George III, were sup­ finished or processed goods. Through this process, senators and congress­ posedly striving to prevent. We were brought men can kibitz, entr€at, heckle, and threaten, "(m} As soon as practicable, but not later up to believe that the unique American con­ than 30 days after the date of enactment and these methods are often effective. But tribution to the art of government was they cannot r.ompel a determined President of this subsection, the President shall by "checks and balances." written order stating in full the considera­ to c:t~ange his course. We were lulled into complacency because A common weakness of almost all these tions for his actions, roll back prices for we thought the system of checks and bal· crude oil and petroleum products to levels checks and balances is that they operate ances was more pervasive than it is. The after the fact, often long after. The Con­ no higher than those prevailing in the deadlocks we have so often witnessed occur seven-day period ending November 1, 1973, gress has been able to exercise a review power in a particular process of government--the in the case of both Vietnam and Watergate­ in order to reduce inflation. Price increases legislative process-and what applies to the announced after November 1, 1973, and made and in the Watergate affair judicial checks legislative power does not necessarily apply have been operating too-but only long after retroactive to dates prior to November 1, to the executive power. Legislation is a shared 1973, shall not be considered as having been the damage has been done. The one excep­ responsibility; both the President and the tion, Senate confl.rmP,tion, operates only be­ in effect prior to such date for purposes of Congress have a veto. But once a law is this subsection. The President may make enacted, the power to carry it out is not fore the fact, sometimes long before. None of specific exceptions from the rollback by writ­ shared between President and Congress, for the checks and balances operate during or ten order to compensate for increased costs the Constitution vests the executive power close to the fact, which is when the abtise for crude oil and petroleum products pro­ in the President alone. of power needs to be prevented. duced or refined outside the United States, The assignment of executive power to the THE EXPANDING GOVERNMENT but in no event shall such exceptions allow President does not mean that the other These checks and balances, weak as they more than a passthrough for increases in the branches of government do not exercise some have been throughout our history, have been costs of such commodities. Such orders shall checks. They do get involved in the execution further weakened by several trends that for state procedures and adequate public notice of the laws, in half a dozen ways. But these the most part are not reversible. While the of any price exceptions and shall disallow checks, taken altogether, have always been federal government's budget ~.as increased by any profit margins on any crude petroleum severely limited in their practical effect. 500 percent in a quarter century and the or petroleum products in excess of the mar­ The courts can check the President and government has been thrust into a multi­ gin applicable in the seven-day period end­ often have, as when they ordered Harry plicity of new activities, the capacity of the ing November 1, 1973. Truman to return the seized steel plants to Congress to check executive operations has "(n) The President may, by written order their owners. But this power is limited to not increased on anything like the same stating full the considerations for his ac­ cases of actual lawbreaking; the judicial scale. Nor can the Congress be expected to tions, make such additional exceptions and process imposes no check on presidential ac­ keep pace, no matter how much it improves variations to the orders required under this tions that are merely unwise or improper. itself through reorganizing, strengthening section as may be necessary to prevent gross Moreover, in the broad area of national its staff, electing stronger leaders, or at- CXX--96-Part 2 1500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 tending to its duties with greater diligence. THE DECLINE OF THE CABINET tivities. In domestic fields, as in war and No matter how it changes its practices, its If presidential power has been suddenly diplomacy, the government must be able to checks and balances wm stU! have to be aggrandized, it· 1s not only because power marshal its resources and act decisively and exercised through difficult, demanding work has flowed laterally from the Congress but consistently whether the battle is against by individual members, acting mainly in also because it has flowed upward from the inflation or pollution, a recession or an en­ committees. As the size and scope of gov­ Cabinet. The decline of the authority of ergy shortage. ernment expand, the attention of commit­ cabinet members has been perhaps the most The answer to the problem of misused tees, subcommittees, and devoted individual fundamental of all the forces affecting the presidential power is not to try to disperse members is inevitably spread thinner and power balance in the national government. the essenti·al components of that power thinner. In the ea.rly days of the Republic, the Cabi­ among semi-independent agencies within the Partly because of the incapacity of the net usually included the principal leaders executive branch. That would only reintro­ Congress to cope with an expanding govern­ of the President's party and covered the duce the problems of confiict and admin­ ment, the llne separating executive from leg­ spectrum of the party's composition. Presi­ istrative weakness that compelled the cen­ islative power has been shifted in favor of dents often named to their cabinets men tralization of power in the first place. Besides the executive. In part, this shift has been who had been their principal rivals for the being unwise, such an approach would be made with congressional consent: the Con­ party's nomination. Prominent members of essentially unenforceable. The Congress could gress has w1llingly and repeatedly delegated the Senate were commonly appointed, along probably find ways, through its appropria­ power to the executive. Thus it has recog­ with political leaders from the major states. tion power, to reduce somewhat the size of nized, in the case of price and wage con­ Men like Clay and calhoun, Webster and Se­ the White House and Executive Office staffs, trols, that measures to curb infiation must ward, Sherman and Bryan sat in presidential but the Congress has shown no wish to in­ be left to executive discretion. Similarly, cabinets because they had independent power terfere with a President's way of doing busi­ major decisions to cope with the energy crisis bases that demanded, or deserved., recogni­ ness to the point of trying to dismantle the have been delegated. In other cases, the shift tion. And cabinets were used as consultative presidential office. Short of such a step, there has occurred without express congressional bodies. Presidents could still ignore or over­ is no way to enforce a new set of President­ consent but with its acquiescence. In for­ rule them, of course. Lincoln could say, Cabinet relations. A President can hardly eign affairs, much of what used to be done "Seven noes and one aye; the ayes have it." be compelled to appoint strong and inde­ through treaties, which require ratification But at least he asked for his Cabinet's opin­ pendent political figures to the Cabinet and by the Senate, is now done through execu­ ion, and he took a vote. to repose power in them if he prefers to tive agreements, which do not. Above all, Now, all this has changed. Replacing the rely on White House aides. The organization the effective power to declare war, which was Cabinet as the President's consultative group of the executive branch is, by its nature, granted to the Congress by the Constitution has been a presidential-level staff composed an executive function. in clearest terms, has :)assed to the Presi­ of appointees who have no outside power DID THE FOUNDING FATHERS ERR? dent. Even after Vietnam the Congress has bases and hence no independence. This staff If the power of the presidency cannot be not seriously considered taking back the formulates policy for the President, issues reduced very much-and if, in a fast-moving power to put thr country into war; it has orders on his behalf, and supervises and co­ and complex world, it probably should not only required that after the President has ordinates their execution. It has enabled be-then how does one solve the basic prob­ done so, he submit his decision for approval. the President to assume command of the ex­ lem of too much power in one man? I sug­ The Congress has yet to accept any general ecutive branch in a sense that is truly mili­ gest that most current analysis of the prob­ principle that the President should be free tary. As in an army, so in the executive lem has been misdirected because it con­ to impound appropriated funds, but it has branch it is now the headquarters staff that centrates on the first three words of that repeatedly let presidents do so without re­ decides; the cabinet officers, reduced to the phMSe; too much power. I submi.t that the buke, providing the precedent and the en­ status of field commanders, execute. solution is to be found by looking, instead couragement for President Nixon to go fur­ In the old days, the President had to rely at the last three words: in one man. ther in this direction than any of his prede­ on his Cabinet; its members were all he had An institutional principle applied almost cessors. Indeed, while congressmen have pro­ to run the government with. Now, with his universally in the English-speaking world tested the President's impoundment of ap­ modern management apparatus, the Presi­ is that major decisions should be made not propriated funds, in 1972 both ·houses voted dent need no longer even talk with them. Nor by one man acting alone, but by a collec­ to grant him broad authority to do exactly has he time. No President since Eisenhower tive body of some kind. In the United States, that. One day, it can confidently be pre­ has used the Cabinet even as a consultative legislatures are all plural bodies. So are dicted, the power to adjust tax rates within body. It meets pro forma, if at all, as a con­ Juries, the higher courts, and the regulatory defined limits wm also pass to the President venient way for the President to give pep commissions. Corporations and voluntary so that fiscal policy can be "fine tuned" to talks and issue instructions. With the Cabi­ service organizations, school systems and cope with inflationary or recessionary trends. net's decline in status has come an inevi­ Congressional checks also have been weak­ universities are run by plural boards of di­ tab1e change in the character of its members. rectors who select and supervise the man­ ened by the trend toward secrecy, with claims The nineteenth-century tradition that the of executive privilege and "national secu­ agers. In political parties the ultimate au­ President appoint strong political leaders thority lies in conventions and committees. rity" extending ever lower into the executive with independent power bases has withered branch. The courts are now reviewing the The one great exception to this principle is away-a trend that has reached a kind of the executive branch CY! the United States scope of what can be withheld from Congress culmination in the present administration. and from the courts themselves, and some government (along with the executive The last thing an ambitious presidential branches of the state governments and some retreat on the part of the President may be staff wants is department heads with inde­ forced. But it is difficult to imagine that the city governments that are patterned after it). pendent power bases. Such men have the In other English-speaking countries, even long-term trend toward increasing secrecy strength to be defiant and cause trouble. will be decisively reversed. such exceptions do not exist. Executive power What such a White House staff wants is, in rests in plural cabinets, as it does in most Despite demands that the Congress "reas­ the words of one former Nixon aide, men sert" itself, there has been no action yet non-English-speaking democracies as well. "who will, when the White House orders Even in the nondemocracies, power is often that would rectify the imbalance even to a them to jump, only ask 'how high?' To make slight degree. And it is difficult to see how lodged at least formally in plural bodies such doubly sure that department heads would be as the Politburo in the Soviet Union. the balance can be shifted much. The gov­ compliant, the White House has systematic­ ernment is not going to become smaller or This pattern is not accidental. Rather, it ally placed in subcabinet positions, as under embodies a wisdom that has evolved over easier for the Congress to oversee. The speed secretaries or in lesser posts, trusted political with which domestic and foreign problems centuries of experience with human organi­ and White House aides. zation. Societies have learned again and arise and grow is not going to slow down even But the flow of power from the depart­ to the pace of a Congress aroused and stream­ again that to entrust power to one man is ments to the presidency, like the shift in inherently dangerous. He may be erratic or llned, should that ideal condition ever be at­ the congressional-presidential balance, has tained. Diplomacy wUl continue to be carried impulsive or obsessive in his judgments, or not been the product of pure wlllfulness. arbitrary and unfair. He may be incompetent, on as every other country carries lt on: by Here, too, the trend has had a basis in the the executive in secret. The Congress cannot a bungler. He may be lazy, negligent, or cor­ realities of modern government. The execu­ rupt. He may pervert the ends of the or­ control inflation or cope with energy short­ tive branch does need central direction and ages or establish tariffs except through dele­ ganization for his own benefit, whether to coordination; it cannot be treated as a gain money or punish enemies or reward gation of authority to the executive. The cluster of independent satrapies, each re­ presidential rights of impoundment and ex­ friends, or simply to perpetuate himself and ecutive privllege may be curtailed a little, sponsive only to its clientele. There must be his followers in office. Hence, in almost every but that is about all. Even with the fullest a coordinated budget. Departments do have organization the restraint of colleCJtive deci­ "reassertion" of its powers, the Congress to respond to common pollcies established sion-making is forced upon the leader. He 1s cannot reassert authority it has never had: by officials responsible to the people through made subordinate to, or required to act as Its powers wlll remain those of a confirming elective processes-and the only such official a member of, a plural body of some kind. body before the fact, and a reviewing body in the executive branch is the President. It may be called by many names~s­ after the fact, with no means of preventing These needs, too, are affected by the greater sion, council, board, committee, senate, the abuse of executive power when it 1s tak· complexity, the faster tempo, and the closer house, cabinet--but its members have a de­ 1ng place. interrelationships among governmental ac- gree of independence of the leader. January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1501 Plural declsion-making has its own draw­ ment. And what could be more consistent dismiss it as a "bizarre episode." Th'e leaders­ backs, obviously. It can cause delay, undue with democratic theory than that? of Congress would be in a position, on cru­ caution, and resistance to innovation. Those The probabUlty, of course, is that the cial matters, to make demands and say "or who seek spectacular progressivism are more power to vote "no confidence," like the power else." Major decisions would come to be taken likely to find it in presidents and governors to impeach, would be rarely used. Conse­ in consultation. The executive power that the than in congresses and legislatures, for the quently the indirect effect would be more Founding Fathers reposed 1n the President single leader can march without having to important. Though by no means wholly pre­ alone would be on its way to being shared­ be in lockstep with anyone. But the experi­ dictable, the indirect effect would probably checked and balanced, as it were. The funda­ ence of centuries has weighed the disadvan­ be to introduce some elements of plural de­ mental danger of rash or corrupting decisions tage against the merits and given its ver­ cision-making at the presidential level. taken by a lone President would to that ex­ dict--thalt the plural body, not the single A President who was forced, under the Con­ tent be reduced. leader, is better to be trusted. When a sin­ stitution, to maintain the confidence of the gle executive is needed to dispatch the execu­ country and a! the Congress would find it tion of a collective body's pollcy, he 1s made necessary to consult with congressional responsible to and ls supervised by that body. leaders in the exercise of his executive pow­ Never 1s he left free to act unchecked, re­ ers. He would not dare to do otherwise: it RECYCLING GARBAGE AS AN sponsible only to the general membea:ship of would be dangerous to flout them and risky ENERGY SOURCE the orga.nizaltion and to himself. to keep secrets fTom them. To retain their If this be the folk wisdom, one must ponder confidence, he would have to take them into how the Founding Fathers came to stray his. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE so far. They were sensitive to the danger What would happen at the other end of OF CALIFORNIA of concentrating power in any institution, Pennsylvania Avenue, on Capitol Hlll? The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but in their day it was the prospect of result, one may speculate hopefully, would too much power in the legislature that con­ be a rejuvenation of congressional leader­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 cerned them most. They feared that 1n a ship. The President obviously could not con­ Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, in response republic, the majority of the legislature sult with the 535 members of Congress. He to the energy crisis, many agencies have would get out of hand and threaten the would have to share his confidences, and his rights of the minority----and their fear seemed power, with the leaders chosen by the Con­ begun research and eXPerimentation pro­ borne out by the experience of the states gress-the leaders of his own party if they grams to develop new energy sources. in the decade before the Constitutional Con­ were in the majority, the leaders of both There is reason to remind these agencies, vention. As men of property, they feared the parties if the opposition party controlled the however, that other long-established mob, the levelers. So the question was Congress. If the electorate had chosen a groups do exist, which already have valu­ whether the President would be strong President of one party and a Congress of able energy research programs in effect. enough. Nevertheless, the vote for a one-man the other, as seems to be its wont these days, These groups have done much pioneer presidency was not unanimous. The Conven­ there would have to be a degree of bipartisan work which need not be redone by other tion debated whether the head of the execu­ collaboration. But that has its advantages as tive branch should be one man or three; well as disadvantages; it has proved fruitful agencies. seven states preferred the single executive, on many occasions in the past. Recently, I have been made aware of three states the plural. Had the Founders Working out the mechanics of the simple the work accomplished by the Forest foreseen how the system of presidential elec­ basic idea would not be easy. The first re­ Products Laboratory of the University of tion they designed would change-how the quirement would be to make sure that the California at Berkeley, under the direc­ power of selection would pass from a ju­ remedy of a "no confidence" vote would be tion of Mr. Fred Dickinson. In particu­ dicious electoral college made up of leading used sparingly. No one would want to in­ lar, the University of California pyrolysis citizens to a popular process resting largely troduce into this country a system like that combustion process, which is used to cre­ on the vote of citizens in primary and gen­ of France's Third Republic or of Italy today eral elections--one can wonder what the vote under which governments can be toppled ate energy from wood pulp, has been on a plural presidency would have been. every few months for partisan or trivial rea­ found to be very efficient. A POSSmLE SOLUTION sons. Therefore, the proposed power to re­ Mr. Speaker, the text of a letter ex­ Could the presidency be pluralized? No move a President should be accompanied by plaining the work achieved by Mr. Dick­ proposal to scrap the institution and begin a restraint also present in many parliamen­ inson and his coworkers and the text of anew could be seriously considered. What ls tary systems-the provision that the mem­ an article appearing in the Santa Rosa needed is a remedy that could be grafted bers of the legislature, if they vote "no con­ Press Democrat on January 12, 1971, de­ onto the existing system with the least pos­ fidence," can also be forced to face a new elec­ scribing their work follows: sible disruption of its basic structure. tion. In other words, senators and congress­ men would have to submit their action to UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, The simplest device that might serve to Richmond, Oaltj., December 21, 1973. introduce an element of collective judgment the approval of the voters. New terms for everybody-the President and members of Hon. JEROME WALDIE, into the exercise of executive power may be Gannon House Office Building, the one by which the executive in a parlia­ Congress (with senators' terms staggered for two, four, and six years)-would begin with Washington, D.O. mentary system is controlled. That is the DEAR MR. WALDIE: A week or two ago I no­ device of dismissal of a government through a the new eleotion. In the meantime the Vice President would head a caretaker govern­ ticed an article in the trade press stating that parliamentary vote of "no confidence," which the Bureau of Mines is intending to build a could be added to the American system by ment. pilot plant near Albany, Oregon, to produce a simple constitutional amendment. The new election presumably should be gases and oils from wood residue, presumably This provision would have both a direct held as soon as possible, and that would not to develop a process which will aid in meeting and an indirect effect. The direct effect would be easy to square with our system of regular the energy crisis. The brief description indi­ be to make possible the removal of a Presi­ elections held on designated calendar dates. cated that a pyrolysis process is to be used. dent who, though not guilty of the provable But there 1s no magic in regular elections be­ Here at the University's Forest Products "high crimes and misdemeanors" that are the yond the convenience they offer the student Laboratory we have been investigating the basis for impeachment, has lost the capacity in memorizing history in neat four-year pyrolysis of wood and other ligno-celluloslc to lead and inspire and unify the country­ blocks. Other countries have done very well materials for a number of years and have de­ in short, the capacity to govern. On more with systems of elections that occur at odd veloped a high level of expertise in this field. than one occasion in the past, a President times, in any month of the year, whenever This work has been supported by State funds whose effectiveness had been destroyed a government loses confidence and a new gov­ (University of California regular budget through incompetence, gross negligence, ernment with a fresh mandate must be funds for the Agricultural Experiment Sta­ egregious errors in foreign or domestic policy, formed. When that occurs, those countries tion) and federal funds (Public Health or crimes and misdemeanors committed by have found that it makes little sense to walt Service, Bureau of Solid Waste Management those who had intimately shared his con­ a year, or two, or three, as we do, until the and Environmental Protection Agency). fidence and acted in his name, has remained calendar rolls around to an appointed month. Under the first two grants we studied the in office until the end of his allotted four Yet if the holding of elections in April, June, pyrolysis of solid waste and pulping liquors years-and nothing could be done about it. or even September would violate the criterion and under an E.P.A. contract, which is just No other democratic government leaves itself of "least possible disruption," the new elec­ terminating, we have developed the process so vulnerable. tion could be scheduled for the next Novem­ of pyrolysis as a chemical recovery process M the "no confidence" procedure were in­ ber after the vacancy occurred, for new full for the kraft pulping of wood which elimi­ troduced into our Constitution, a President terms or merely for unexpired terms. nates odors associated with the usual recovery to keep his office wouJ.d have to do more than In any case, the purpose would be served. furnace. This process is essentially ready for keep himself free of indictable crime. He The President would have to level with con­ commercialization. The University of Cali­ would have to satisfy the Congress-and gressional leaders on matters like Vietnam fornia Pyrolysis Combustion Process is effi­ therefore the people, for the Congress would and make certain they went along. If burglars cient, capable of producing energy, and chem­ hardly act in such a matter in defiance of were discovered in the headquarters of the icals (both organic and inorganic) . The at­ the people-with his conduct of the govern- opposition party, the President could hardly tached &rticle appearing in the Santa Rose. 1502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 Press Democrat, January 12, 1971, essentially Brink do some work at Berkeley and the marked by appeals from power companies to describes our studies to that date. Forest Products Laboratory. conserve power. My purpose in writing is to inform you of Dr. Brink said they started putting the In this area, the Pacific Gas and Electric our research and to indicate that we have plant together about three years ago. There Co. maintains this will not occur. The geo­ both the know-how and the physical plant to has been some federal financial aid from the thermal plants at The Geysers will help conduct studies leading to commercialization U.S. Publtc Health Service's National Air stave off a shortage. of pyrolysis to produce energy. It would seem Pollution Control Administration and the Nuclear power? The supply of fuel is lim­ a waste of dollars and of time to establlsh Bureau of Solid Waste Management. ited, and scientists say we have used up one another experimental unit to cover the It is impossible to say how much money per cent of the source already-and have ground which we have already covered. Also has gone into P-C by now. Professors and barely started nuclear plant development. as a substantial amount of Federal funds graduate students have put in a lot of time There is talk of a "self-breeding" electric have gone into our studies, it would seem on it, plus the more prosaic labor of con­ plant which would need no fuel but this is only reasonable that further investigations structing the plant itself. years away at least. by Federal Agencies take advantage of the "At this point," he said, "we are gathering Obviously if the mountains of waste mate­ expertt~ of the Laboratory staff and fac111- engineering data, demonstrating technologi­ rials could be utilized in part for generating ties which have developed as a result of these cal and economic feasiblUty." This will take electricity the prospects are immense. expenditures. perhaps a year to complete. Why didn't someone develop this P-C sys­ I would appreciate any assistance you could Then this data can be talked over with tem before Dr. Brink and his associates? It's give us in bringing this to the attention of interested parties-districts, lumber mills something like the Wright Brothers and the the proper persons in the Bureau of Mines and other plants with a waste problem­ Dallas Cowboys--they "put it all together." as well as other bureaus and agencies that anyone with a serious interest. There are a few ground rules: The P-C might be interested. BEGAN WITH PULP plant can't digest metal, glass, brick, stone-­ Very sincerely, Dr. Brink stresses that this all began with These have to be removed mechanically by FRED E. DICKINSON, a study on black kraft Uquor, which is the means already known. Director. major cause of bad odors around pulp m1lls. Also the particles can't be too large. They Kraft liquor was run through the P-c proc­ would have to pass through a screen up to [From the Press Democrat, Jan. 21, 1971] ess concentrated to 50 per cent solids. an inch in diameter. Generally, the smaller the better. A BREAKTHROUGH ON GARBAGE DISPOSAL This led to studies in processing other ma­ FIRST STAGE (By Bob Wells) terials so Dr. Brink now is confident that a wide variety of wastes can be processed and The plant has a bottom-feed system with RICHMoNo.-Dr. David L. Brink, professor "there could be a substantial profit." a hopper and fan. Then comes a first stage, of forestry and forest products chemist at These can include "any organic matter of in which hot gas is shot up, in a carefully the University of California Forest Products plant origin" which opens up a lot of doors: metered flow, and pyrolysis starts. This first Laboratory here, is a proper scientist who The kraft Uquor has been noted, Dr. Brink reactor is stainless steel with high corrosion would be a bit shocked if anyone said he is commenting that "One of our major hopes resistance. "fomenting a revolution." for this is that it will ellminate production Temperatures range from 700 to 1,400 But that phraseology comes to mind on of maladorous products." Fahrenheit. hearing what he is doing about solving some Other lumber industry residues, like bark The second stage probably represents the of the major problems in re-cycling or elimi­ and sawdust, may be run through. "We are key factor in the development. This reactor nating wastes--domestic, commercial, ·indus­ not disposing of these materials," he com­ is lined with "alumina castable ceramic ma­ trial-his efforts may have some substantial mented, "but utilizing them." terial" which can stand high temperatures, influence soon on how mankind tackles these Also in the lignocellulosic family are field the process requiring from 1,400 to 2,000 de­ problems. crop residues, straw from rice, wheat, oats grees fahrenheit. "Fomenting" is a wrong word, of course. and barley, rice hulls, orchard cllppings, This is necessary to handle the kraft liquor, The right term is pyrolysis-combustion, de­ grass, cannery wastes, paper, manure, and minimizing production of undesirable prod­ scribed as "Chemical decomposition of or­ sludge from sewage treatment plants. ucts. No metal could withstand the tempera­ ganic materials heated in an environment GARBAGE ture and corrosion at this point. having insufficient oxygen for combustion." In the first stage, the solids are dried and A kind of "fire without flame." Here the "revolution" manifests itself, as steam goes off. In the second stage, several And of course the "revolution" is not ·the the applications are something to goad the gases are produced such as hydrogen, carbon bullets-and-barricades sort but one of those imagination. monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and long-time, painstaking, sctentific struggles Garbage can be run through the P-c sys­ small amounts of propane, acetylene, pro­ that sometimes pay off in major benefits for tem, possibly with enough profit from deriv­ phylene and some others. millions of persons. atives and by-products to pay for the cost of These gases, most of them useful can Dr. Brink wouldn't say it like that of collection. be separated by a "stream" system and course. A greying, slender man who likes bow Dr. Brink won't predict the system could "scrubbed" to take out particles and other ties and a 12-hour working day, he explains eliminate sewage treatment plants, as han­ air pollutants. that he is actually working on two processes dling sewage involves so many elements. Then the useful gases are stored, to be used to handle wastes, both of which originated However, the P-C could handle sludge, one partially to heat the process (as the natural with experiments relating to wood. of the largest disposal problems faced by gas is doing now) and partially to produce Inside the laboratory he and his assistants cities and other .agencies. steam for electricity production. "This system could be designed as an in­ are working with an experimental plant NO AIR POLLUTION using the "wet oxidation" prin,ciple which tegral part of sewage treatment plants," Dr. can handle waste materials by oxidizing them Brink said. But what about air pollution? In layman's The importance to agriculture is vast, as language, the P-C produces no smoke and no in a sealed chamber with oxygen injected stink. from a compressor system. P-C could solve many problems such as pol­ lution by agricultural burning which is com­ In Dr. Brink's language, the unit "can be P-C PLANT ing under a new set of state laws regulating as pollution-free as a power plant that burns The pyrolysis-combustion setup is behind the practice. what is known as producers' gas. It is clean the laboratory sitting on a concrete pad, and (University experiments with chopping to the extent that you can burn gas." can be called the P-C plant for short. It up prunings and working them into the soil This means that in the final stack poten­ looks something like a sma.ll feed mUl with have proven inconclusive; such prunings, tial pollutants are injected to be burned be­ some complex plumbing. particularly the larger pieces, carry diseases fore they can enter the atmosphere. (Some­ A university publica.tion on sa.nitary engi­ over for a year or two. Disease control is a thing like this is done to cut odors from ren­ neering noted the experiment recently, say­ prime reason for the burning.) dering plants and other fac111ties.) ing the P-C process has been known a long The P-C experimental plant is fired with This article can't very well trace the route time, being used in wood distUlation and natural gas for the reason this is a "con­ of all these materials through the P-C setup, coal coking for years, and now in petroleum stant" or known point of departure, a. base but Dr. Brink says he is "highly optimistic" refining. for development of data on the process itself. that it is all going to work-both technically The process is being developed "with the When fully explored, the system will pro­ and profitably. ultimate goal of reclaiming a large fraction duce its own gas supply, which will provide of organic material from organic wastes and And why has this not been well publicized, turning them into useful products for fuels heat to carry on the P-C process and excess aside from the inner university network? It for energy." gas which can be diverted to other uses, would appear that Dr. Brink and his fellow There is a lot of meat hanging on that such as producing electricity via a steam­ "fomenters" would be of keen interest to bare-bones scientific lingo. driven generator. those wishing to preserve the environment-­ Working with Dr. Brink on the P-C sys­ POWER SOURCE which some doggedly persist in calllng the tem is Dr. Jerome F. Thomas, a member of This opens up many more possibilities. ecology. the Sanita.ry Engineering Research Labora­ The nation is running out of electricity so to Also, it seems that the P-C process would tory at the Berkeley campus. That is his pri­ speak, as shown by the vast blackout in the rate close attention from cities like Petaluma, mary assignment, but in practice he and Dr. East some years ago and periodic dim-outs now facing another multimillion dollar bond January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1503 issue to expand sewer facUlties. And many It succinctly sets forth the need for take effect in 1975. When the bill becomes other cities and districts with a waste prob­ the proposed reform and the events that effective, Congress will have to set ce111ngs on lem. And counties with dumps. outlays and revenues each year, prepare its Time will tell. It won't be long until the make it necessary. Congressman Co­ own budget proposals, return to the Appro­ researchers here will have it ready to lay out NABLE's article deserves our attention for priations Committee control of forms of for interested parties. it can help ward off any diminishing spending which are not now subject to such commitment to budget reform, should review, and extend the fiscal year (to begin anyone be so tempted. on October 1 rather than July 1) so that all The article, as it appeared in the Jan­ spending can be compared at one time to the PRESIDENTIAL PAPERS uary edition of the Ripon Forum, follows: earlier Budget Committee targets. The ceil­ ings set earlier in the year can be reviewed MAKING CONGRESSIONAL SENSE OF THE and revised all at one time in September, but HON. GERRY E. STUDDS BUDGET every step in the process has to be related to (By BARBER B. CONABLE, Jr.) every other step. The process is cumbersome OF MASSACHUSETTS Reforms are difficult to achieve. There is and is not a panacea. It is intended to provide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no more conservative institution than gov­ a discipline within which the congressional Wednesday, January 30, 1974 ernment, particularly about its own func­ will to govern can be rediscovered. tlontng, and representative government is In the end, whether the process works or Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, the events the hardest to reform because there are al­ not may depend on competitive factors. The surrounding the Watergate break-in ways so many bases to be touched in prepa­ pressure for this reform diminished percep­ have raised many questions in the minds ration for change. Thus, whUe the American tibly after the Watergate events reduced the of the people. If any good can be said total system is dynamic and constantly effectiveness of the presidency. Congress may to have come from this sordid affair changing, our government traditionally 1s a resent and circumvent the cumbersome heel-dragging institution, refusing to ac­ budget procedures the reform embodies 1f it it is that we, in Congress, are finding knowledge even internal changes long after does not feel threatened by the presidential out-most graphically-where the sys­ the need for accommodation has become fiscal alternatives. tem has failed. For the further informa­ painfully apparent. It is noteworthy that the budget reform tion of my colleagues I would like to en­ No better evidence is avaUable than the proposal was coupled in the House with a ter in the RECORD at this point a cogent rei uctance with which Congress has moved measure automatically reversing presidential front page editorial from the January 4, to deal with functional necessities occasioned impoundments by veto of either House. One 1974, Quincy, Mass., Patriot Ledger on by the fiscal explosion of the mid-sixties. Any wishes that congressional responsibUlty just one facet of this scandal where leg­ casual observer could see the proliferation would rise as the effectiveness of the presi­ of categorical grant programs which esca­ dency declines. But in the competitive islation may be appropriate: lated domestic expenditures upward even world of politics, this writer fears that WHOSE PAPERS? more impressively than the Vietnam War strength is needed to inspire strength, and Amidst the controversy over whether escalated m1lltary expenditures. The Great that discipline is the response to discipline. President Nixon did or did not prop~ly meet Society, with its great greedy heart, could In any event, congressional fiscal reform 1s the requirements of the income tax law in not crmceive of a national need for which a well worth the effort and constitutes "sys­ claiming a half-million-dollar deduction for centrally controlled grant program could not tem maintenence work" of worthy purpose. giving his vice presidential papers to the be quickly assembled. During the 1960's fed­ nation lies a more important question: eral categorical grants expanded five times To whom do the papers really belong? to $37 bUlion. As these programs soared past The documents in question were produced a thousand, some of our governmental de­ while Mr. Nixon was on the public payroll. partments became not so much administer­ DR. DAVID BEEMAN Most of them were written in government ing agencies as a collection of cubbyholes. offices, on government paper, with govern­ Partly as a result, Congress could not even ment pens, pencils and typewriters, all of count on good policy advice from the Ad­ HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN which were paid for by the taxpayers. They ministration about how to differentiate OF ILLINOIS concerned public business, and the market among the forms of largesse. Every program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES value claimed for them is based on their had its vested interest, its unmet need, its historic importance. bureaucratic defend,ers, and hence its expec­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 So why aren't they the public's papers to tancy. begin with? The typical congressman-never very Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, recently The answer is, they should be, and we skilled in oversight capabll1ty but increas­ Dr. David Beeman, professor of speech think Congress ought to change the law to ingly skilled in the techniques of political at Olivet Nazarene College in Kankakee, make it so. survival-found it more and more dangerous Dl., wrote to me expressing his concern This is not to deny Mr. Nixon or any other to try to sort out the relative importance for the speech and hearing handicapped. public otncial his right to write memoirs of these myriad programs. The easiest and Dr. Beeman offered his time and assist­ based on documents, or to be allowed to as­ safest course was to consider each program ance in developing legislation and com­ semble those documents in a library. as though it existed in a vacuum rather than But the question of tax write-offs f9r the saying "this" was more importe.nt than munications with these people. We "gift" of the papers ought not to arise, be­ "that," thus offending all the friends of agreed to meet during the Christmas re­ cause the papers should not be the officials' "that." It was hoped that somebody, some­ cess to set up some plans. to give. where, was keeping track of it all and pre­ But Dr. Beeman and his wife Sudie It is an affront to the public tor an otnclal venting the whole process from getting too were killed in a plane crash on December to magnanimously "give" the nation docu­ much out of control. But since that "some­ 23, and I never had the opportunity to ments that already belong to the public. body" was the budget director and the Congress took a quarter step in the right visit with him. My lost opportunity was "somewhere" was the executive branch minor compared to the loss felt by those direction by limiting to $50,000 the amount thoughtful congressmen began to reaUz~ of tax deductions for donating official papers. there was a connection between these budg­ who knew him well, but I cannot help However, that is still $50,000 too much. etary practices and the erosion of congres­ but feel a personal loss nonetheless. sional power. Dr. Beeman was diligent in his work In a government based on checks and bal­ at Olivet Nazarene College, and spent ances, power seems to belong to those who many, many hours giving of himself to MAKING CONGRESSIONAL SENSE control the negatives. The Office of Manage­ those less educated and privileged than OF THE BUDGET ment and Budget increasingly performed himself. this function as Congress refused to take re­ The Daily Journal in Kankakee wrote sponsibillty for keeping it all within a man­ a moving editorial about Dr. Beeman and HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON ageable whole. Congress could and frequently his life, and I am offering it for your OJ' NEW YORK did quarrel with OMB's priorities: but Con­ consideration today. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress couldn't quarrel with the need for pri­ orities, nor could it expect to remain a sig­ [From the Kankakee (Dl.) Dally Journal, Wednesday, January 30, 1974 nificant part of the government, unless it Dec. 26, 1973] Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. made the effort to establish its own priori­ BEEMAN'S SERVICE ties. Put another way, Congress couldn't Devoutly religious people !ace an ageless Speaker, one of our more thoughtful effectively argue about OMB's measure 1f dilemma: staying true to a demanding faith colleagues, BARBER CONABLE, has authored it didn't get a yardstick of its own. while remaining hard at work in an imperfect concise and "to the point" commentary That's what it's all about. The Budget Con­ world. Dr. DavidS. Beeman, killed in a plane on the budget-reform legislation that the trol Blll passed by the House in December crash Sunday, was one of those few human House passed last year. will be before the Senate this year and could beings who successfully meshed their splrit- 1504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974. ua.l commitment w!th vocation, avocations The word "inflation" is on the mind of Administration Act during debate under and community service. every person in this country and we here the 5-minute rule: We remember the time that a guest in Congress have nurtured and fed the H.R. 11793-F'EDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION speaker, anxious to establish rapport with economic disease for the past 30 years. members of a civic club, asked a-bout the Page 36, line 6, strike out "one year" and vocations represented at the luncheon meet­ During this span of time, Congress kept insert the following: "three months." Ing. approving higher and most costly pro­ Any college professors here? grams in the name of social progress and Beeman raised his hand. spending billions upon billions of the tax­ Any media executives here? payer's money to countries abroad for the Beeman raise.d his hand. sake of friendship. THE AMERICAN WEST EXHIDITION Any preachers here? Now the heavy-burdened American Beeman raised his hand. taxpayer is tired of it all and is simply Well, any car salesmen here? HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI By this time, the speaker was watching the asking us to help solve some of his fiscal Olivet Nazarene College professor and Bee­ problems; problems that we, in Congress, OF ILLINOIS man had not raised his hand. As guffaws have created for him by our wasteful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rose from the audience, Beeman drawled, "If neglect throughout these years. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 the gas shortage doesn't ease, I may turn into In the 30 years past, Congress has a used car salesman just once." continually passed appropriation bill Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Beeman was orthodox in his Nazarene after bill without the slightest regard my colleague, JIM WRIGHT, of Texas, was religious convictions but somewhat unortho· to the Government's income. This type recently present at the opening of the dox in his teaching and civic activities, en­ American West Exhibition in Warsaw, dearing him to Olivetians and the general of practice is not economically healthy. community. "I'd work with anyone, regard· In fact, it is deadly. Poland. This exhibition was made pos­ less of his creed, if he shares a common goal I do not have to tell you of our spend­ sible under the auspice of the National for a better community," he once told us. ing habjts in the fifties or sixties be­ Museum of Art working with the Amon He had, in recent years, served as acting cause all one has to do is look at what Carter Museum of Western Art in Mr. dean of the college, registrar, professor of we have been doing in the past couple WRIGHT's native city of Fort Worth, Tex. speech and chairman of the speech depart­ I felt that his introductory remarks in ment, and faculty manager for the college of years. For instance, in 1972 we had a total budget of $248 billion yet we honor of this cultural event would be of radio station, but still found time to assis~ interest to my colleagues. His remarks special reading programs at Pembroke, adult managed to overspend $22 billion. In education at Kankakee Community College, 1973, the budget was $280 billion and yet not only stressed the historical bonds be­ and be an active member of the Exchange we managed to overspend almost $25 bil­ tween Poland and the United States, but Club. lion. Last year the budget was increased also emphasized the continuing ties be­ An ONC student tells of the time that, to almost $290 billion and the latest fig­ tween these two great nations as dem­ whlle completing an examination, he forgot onstrated in the cooperation that existed the proper use of Roman numerals and ures reveal that we will have overspent the budget by about $14 billion. in the organization and promotion of this switched to Arable numbering. The student great exhibit. justified himself with the scribbled note: Now the 1975 budget is being asked for "Give those back to the Roma.ns." and it will total a whopping $310 billion. I trust that this will be of interest to The graded paper was returned with Bee­ How much will be overspent on this my colleagues. man's imprimatur: "O.K. with me." one? If a business or individual family The remarks follow: The loss of Dr. and Mrs. Beeman is a followed the same spending practice as REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN JIM WRIGHT, AT tra-gedy to the college and to the community does the government it would soon face OPENING OF THE AMERICAN WEST EXHIBITION but we would remind those who grieve that Mr. Minister, Mr. Ambassador, Distin­ the Beemans believed strongly that the economic disaster. quished Guests: Thank you for your warm tragedies of this world were small compared The United States is now approaching and hospitable reception here today. It is to the eternal promises of God. May we all a debt of almost $500 billion. In more for me a matter of pride to be present at take solace in their faith. personal terms, that amounts to almost the opening of this important exhibition, en­ $2,500 for every man, woman and child titled The American West. This is a truly in this country. Yet, over the vehement significant occasion in the history of cul­ INFLATION objections of many of us, the majority tural relationships between our two coun­ in this Congress has been on a wild and tries. reckless spending spree that consistently It is fully appropriate in many ways that HON. MANUEt LUJAN, JR. forces the Treasury to borrow more this exhibition of original 19th and 20th OF NEW MEXICO Century American Paintings, the first of its money in order to pay the bills. k,ind ever shown in Poland, should be held IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We are obligated to every citizen and here at this prestigious national museum in Wednesday, January 30, 1974 taxpayer of this country to see that their this historic city. The City of Warsaw, as all money is not being wasted on programs men know, symbolizes through its very Mr. LUJAN. Mr. Speaker, during all of that have brought failure---be it pro­ history the indomitable spirit of man. To all 1973, we here in Congress spent quite a grams here at home or abroad. We can­ the world this oapita.l city epitomizes the bit of time on how and where we should not afford, financially or morally, to con­ enduring strength of men who would rather be spending our Federal tax dollars in die on their feet than live on their knees. tinue this way. I am urging every mem­ I am told that one of the very few bullGeneral Motors plants. While other O'Konski, but he may be an Irishman. OF NEW YORK areas of the country have suffered in­ There is no need for me to describe or creased unemployment, the latest re­ explain these paintings. You can interpret IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ports for the Flint area indicate 12 them as well as I. Painting, like. music, Wednesday, January 30, 1974 percent unemployment due to plant speaks a universal language which transcends layoffs. the petty barriers that man in his folly has Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. erected between himself and his neighbor. Speaker, I would like to insert in the Meanwhile, the debate over the role of Today we build together a bridge rather REcORD the text of a proclamation pre­ the oil companies in the current energy than a wall. The exhibit we are about to see sented to Father Hugh Graham, of st. situation continues to grow. Investiga­ has been made possible through the gener­ Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church tions of the major oil companies have ous cooperation of the Polish Ministry of in Massapequa, N.Y., in recognition of revealed huge profits in the past year Culture and the National Museum of Art, his 50th anniversary as a priest. while the consumers must bear short working with the Amon Carter Museum of The proclamation follows: supplies and soaring prices. In part, the Western Art in my native city of Fort Worth, American consumer is paying billions of Texas, as well as several other American mu­ PROCLAMATION seums and private collections. Whereas, Father Hugh Graham has so dili­ dollars for oil because of the control the The mutual cooperation demonstrated gently and with love and devotion served as Mideast oil-producing countries have on here exemplifies the growing spirit of co­ a Roman Catholic Priest for 50 years, and is prices. Last month the oil ministers of a operation not only in culture but in many on Sunday, December 16, 1973, celebrating handful of small countries determined other areas of human endeavor as well which his 50th Anniversary in the service of God; an unprecedentedly high price of oil­ now exists between our two countries. The and $17 per barrel compared to the highest presence of this exhibition in Warsaw to­ Whereas, before coming to St. Rose of Lima price of oil the year before of $3.60 per day also demonstrates a growing mutual in 1959, he served as a Curate at St. Brigid's barrel. awareness on the part of the peoples of our of Brooklyn, and as a. Pastor of St. Anne's two countries for the respective national cul­ of Brentwood and St. Mary's of Long Beach; In addition to setting the prices of ture of the other. This fact alone gives rise and world crude oil, the OAPEC---Organiza­ to feelings of great pride and satisfaction Whereas, he has also served as Chaplain at tion of Arab Petroleum Exporting Coun­ for myself and my countrymen. St. Joseph's Academy in Brentwood and Pil­ tries-states placed demands on coun­ Permit me, then, to extend my personal grim State Hospital, and as a member of the tries importing oil from them in terms of thanks and very best wishes for continued Board of Visitors at Kings Park State Hos­ their foreign policies during the Arab­ success to the organizers and hosts of this pital; and Israeli war. The United States cannot important exhibition. Whereas, under the spiritual guidance and dedication of Father Graham, the growth of afford to sacrifice its independent for­ St. Rose of Lima has gone from a small-town eign policy position to meet the demands parish to one of the largest Roman Catholic of oil-exporting countries. ICE ENGINEERING FACILITIES churches on Long Island, and his encourage­ Looking at the domestic oil market, ment, involvement and example have played again it appears that the market is an important role in the planning and bUild­ "rigged." According to the Federal Trade HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON ing of the St. Rose of Lima school, convent, Commission staff study released last rectory and church; its aesthetic appearance OF MARYLAND summer, the eight major oil companies and functional layout are not by accident; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and control 50 percent of U.S. domestic pro­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Whereas, the priests, sisters and pa.rishon­ duction of crude oil, 58 percent of the ers of St. Rose, both young and old, look to Nation's refining capacity, and 55 per­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, this week it Father Graham not only for spirttual guid­ cent of the gasoline market. Reports was my pleasure to tour the new ice engi­ ance, but also leadership, learning, counsel from my district and across the coun­ neering laboratory complex of ARCTEC, and inspiration. In St. Rose there is a true try show that while the top 20 oil com­ Inc., in Columbia, Md. This facUity is one example and demonstration of Christian love, panies are making record profits, inde­ of the most advanced of its kind in the which he has helped to foster. pendent jobbers and retailers are going Now, therefore, we, the Town BOM'd of country and includes a large model tow­ the Town of Oyster Bay, do hereby extend out of business. One study indicated that ing basin, a hydraulics laboratory, and a to Father Graham, one of our outstanding 3,000 gasoline retailers were forced oo refrigerated :flume. The facility contains residents, our most sincere congratulations close this year. all the requirements for the Nation's on this mUestone fn his llte and the llte of Despite the dally toll in terms of in­ basic and applied investigations of lee the community, .and thank him for the vital dependents closed out, workers laid off, 1506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 skyrocketing fuel prices, and widespread And in each, the private industries have consumer protection laws of the United shortages, the energy crisis continues to thrived along side the Government­ States. "(3) The terms of office of the members of batHe the country. Despite warnings from owned industries. the Board first taking office shall expire as many expert sources, the administration In conclusion, I am encouraged by the designated by the President at the time of did not adequately anticipate the energy interest that has been shown in the con­ selection, one at the end of the first year, one crisis and so far has come up with no cept of a Federal Oil and Gas Corpora­ at the end of the second year, one at the coherent plan for dealing with it. tion and join my colleagues in the House end of the third year, one at the end of the While there are many bills now pend­ and Senate who have also introduced leg­ fourth year, and one at the end of the fifth ing before Congress designed to create islation to establish such a corporation. year following the date of incorporation. A means of solving our short- and long­ In face of the serious problems which successor to a member of the Board shall be appointed in the same manner as the term energy problems, I believe the bill our Nation is facing, and in view of the original members and shall have a. term of to establish a Federal Oil and Gas Cor­ functions of the bill as outlined above, I office expiring five years from the date of poration is among the most promising. feel that this legislation could play a crit­ expiration of the term for which his prede­ First, the proposed Federal oil and gas ical role in our country's future and urge cessor was appointed. Any member of the corporation would open up to the Amer­ immediate and serious attention to the Board appointed to fill a vacancy in the ican people a vast wealth of reserves proposal. A copy of the bill follows: Board occurring prior to the expiration of the which they already own. The U.S. Geo­ H.R.- term for which his predecessor was ap­ pointed for the remainder of such term. logical Survey estimates that over 50 A bill to amend the Natural Gas Act to " ( 4) Three members of the Board shall percent of the 500 billion barrels of secure adequate and reliable supplies of constitute a quorum for the purpose of con­ proven and potential oil reserves and of natural gas and oil at the lowest reason­ ducting the business of the Corporation. the 2,400 trillion cubic feet of proven able cost to the consumer, and for other " ( 5) The Chairman of the Board shall and undiscovered gas reserves are under purposes be compensated at the rate provided for level Federal lands. The Corporation would Be it enacted by the Senate and House of ll of the Executive Schedule pay rates (5 undertake exploration and development Representatives of the United States of u.s.a. 5313); the other members of the America in Congress assembled, That this Board shall be compensated at the rate pro­ of these oil and gas resources on Federal title may be cited as the "Federal on and vided for level IV of the Executive Schedule lands. Gas Corporation Act". pay rates (5 u.s.a. 5315), to be paid by the To date, only 2 percent of Federal oil SEc. 2. The Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717 Corporation as current expenses. Members and gas bearing lands have been leased et seq.), as amended by this Act, is amended of the Board shall be reimbursed by the for exploration. However, to lnsure that by adding at the end thereof the following Corporation for actual expenses Incurred by the Corporation does not place the pri­ new section: them in the performance of the duties vested vate oil and gas companies at a great 1'SEc. 34. (a) The Congress finds and de­ in the Board by this section. disadvantage, they would be entitled to clares tha.t--- "(6) No member of the Board shall, dur­ "(1) the Federal Government must be­ ing his term in office, be engaged in any not more than 20 percent of the Federal come directly involved in securing and de­ other business, nor may he have any finan­ oil and gas rights offered for lease at any veloping sources of natural gas and oil to cial interest in any business entity which single time. assure adequate supplies of these fuels to is engaged in the exploration, development, Second, the operation of the Corpora­ American consumers at reasonable and com­ production, transportation, or sale of nat­ tion would give the Government a much petitive prices; ural gas or on. better idea of what the real costs of ex­ "(2) the Nation's need for energy supplies "(7) All members of the Board shall avoid ploring for and developing oil and natural is so great that there is an urgent need to all contacts with any person which may tend gas resources are. This complete and stimulate new competition in the production to create actual ur apparent confiict of in­ and sale in commerce of natural gas and oil terest with the :Soard member's duties and accurB~te information would greatly aid and products refined and derived therefrom; responsibillties t.nder this Act. Each Board Congress in developing base pricing and "(3) the people of the United States member shall refrain from any action which regulatory policies for private corpora­ through the Federal Government own sub­ may actually nr apparently impugn his stated tions. Such information is vitally needed stantial lands which could be developed for belief in the purposes of this Act. To fur­ and, at the present time, virtually un­ the production of natural gas and oil; ther assure the independence of Board mem­ available. "(4) American consumers would benefit if bers, their compensation shall be continued Third, the additional fuel generated by the forces of competition operated to a great­ for a. period of one year at a level equal to er extent than at present in the world oil three-quarters of their compensation at the the Corporation would be an important and gas market; end of their term. contribution to meeting our energy needs. " ( 5) publicly available data on the cost of "(8) Any member of the Board may be re­ While the Corporation would be pri­ natural gas and oil production and reserves moved from office at any time by joint reso­ marily engaged in exploration and pro­ is needed to assure competition and fair lution of the Senate and the House of Rep­ duction, the Corporation could sell its regulation in the public interest; and resentatives. products if it were necessary to insure "(6) a corporation owned by the Federal "(d) (1) The =oard shall, without regard competitive conditions within the indus­ Government, engaged in the development to the provisions of ~ivll service laws applica­ try. and sale of natural gas and oil, could provide ble to officers and employees of the United competition in the energy industry and, States, appoint such officers, managers, em­ Fourth, the profits of the Corporation through research and development, assure ployees, attorneys, :.nd other personnel as would return to the American people. adequate supplies of these fuels without are necessary for the transaction of its busi­ Returns on the production of fuel from harm to the environment. ness (including personnel to perform tem­ Federal lands would go to the Federal "(b) The Commission is directed to es­ porary and intermlt'".ent services), fix their Treasury. Large dividends to the Amer­ tablish, in accordance with the provisions compensation, define their t".uties, require ican people are expected from the devel­ of this section, a corporation to be known bonds of such of them as the Board may opment of our country's natural re­ as the Federal Oil and Gas Corporation designate, and pro' 1de a system of organi­ sources. While the bill authorizes up to (hereinafter referred to as the 'Corpora­ zation to fix responslb1lity and promote effi­ tion'). ciency. Any appointee of the Board mr ~ be $50 million for the Corporation each year "(c) (1) The Corporation shall be admin­ removed at the discretion of the Board. · for 10 years, some feel only a small frac­ istered by a. Board of Directors (hereinafter "(2) All contr... cts to which the Corpora­ tion of these funds will be necessary. referred to as the 'Board'). The individuals tion is a. party and w."' ich require the employ­ Finally, the Corporation would provide appointed as members of the first Board ment of laborers and mechanics in the con­ a competitive force in an industry that shall be deemed the incorporators of the struction, alteration, maintenance, or re­ seems to need such input. The bill is in Corporation. The date of incorporation shall pair of fa.c1llties authorized under this title be held to the date of the first meeting of shall contain a. J:rovision that not less than no way a forerunner of the nationaliza­ the first Board at which a. quorum is pres­ tion of the oil and gas industry. From the prevailng rate n~ wages for work of a. ent. similar nature ir_ th~ v' ~inity shall be paid our experiences with the Tennessee Val­ "(2) The Board shall consist of five quali­ to such laborers or mechanics as determined ley Authority, the involvement of the fied individuals who shall be selected by the by the Secretary of :-.abor in accordance with Government in such an enterprise can President, by and with the advice and con­ the Davis-Bacon Act t40 U.B.C. 276a). :n have significant and positive ramifica­ sent of the Senate. The President shall des­ the determination of such prevalling rate tions for private power production. ignate the Chairman. All members of the or rates, due regard shall be given to those Board shall be individuals who believe and rates which have been secured through col­ Similar Government-owned or con­ profess a. belief In the feasibility and wisdom lective agreement by representatives of em­ trolled oil corpor8itions exist in many of this Act, and who believe and profess a ployers and employees. The Board shall not countries around the world-for example, demonstrable belief in environmental pro­ enter into any such contract without first Britain, France, Argentina, and India. tection and the purposes of the antitrust and obtaining assurance that required labor January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1507 standards will be maintained on the con­ obligations issued by the Corporation under any Federal Reserve bank or bank having struction work. Health and safety standards this subsection is guaranteed by the United membership in the Federal Reserve System; promulgated by the ·ecretary of Labor pur­ States. Such guarantee shall be expressed on and suant to section 107 of the Contract Work the face of the obligation. The Corporation "(E) perform such other acts not pro­ Hours and Safety Standards Act ( 40 U.S.C. may also incur debt not guaranteed by the hibited by law as it deems necessary or de­ 333) shall be applicable to all construction United States. Proceeds realiZed by the Cor­ sirable to accomplish the purposes of this work performed under such contracts. Where poration from issuance of its obligations and section. such work as described in this paragraph is the expenditure of such proceeds shall not "(6) Obligations of the Corporation issued done directly by the Corporation the pre­ be subject to apportionment under the pro­ under this subsection shall contain a recital vailing rate or rates of wages shall be paid visions of section 3679 of the Revised Statutes to that effect which shall be conclusive in the same manner as though such work had (31 u.s.c. 665). evidence that the underlying obligation is been let by contract. "(3) Obligations issued by the Corporation in compliance with the provisions of this " (c) Except as otherwise specifically pro­ under this subsection may be redeemable title and valid. Obligations of the Corpora­ vided in this section, the Corporation- at the option of the Corporation before ma­ tion issued under this subsection shall be "(!) shall :nave succession in its corporate turity in such manner as may be stipulated lawful investments and may be accepted as name; therein and shall be in such forms and de­ security for all fiduciary, trust, and public "(2) may sue and be sued in its corporate nominations, have such maturities, and be funds, the investment or deposit of which name; subject to such terms and conditions as shall shall be under the authority or control of "(3) may adopt and use a corporate seal, be determined by the Board. any officer or agency of the United States which shall be judicially noticed; " ( 4) At least thirty days before selling any and shall be exempt securities within the " ( 4) may make contracts, as herein author­ issue of obligations other than obligations meaning of laws administered by the Secu­ ized; having a maturity of less than one year, the rities and Exchange Commission. The limita­ "(5) may adopt, amend, and repeal bylaws; Board shall so advJse the Secretary of the tions and restrictions as to a National or "(6) may purchase or lease and hold such Treasury in the greatest possible detail, in­ State bank dealing In, underwriting, or pur­ real and personal property as it deems neces­ cluding the amount, propoat:d date of sale, chasing investment securities for its own sary or convenient in the transaction of its maturities, terms and conditiOns of and the account, as provided in section 5136 of the business, and many dispose of any such per­ expected rate of interest on such issue. If Revised Statutes, as amended (12 u.s.c. sonal or real property held by it; the Secretary of the Treasury so requests, 24}, and section 5(c) of the Act of June 16, "(7) shall have such powers as may be representatives of the Corporation shall con­ 1933 (12 U.S.C. 335), shall not apply to obli­ necessary or appropriate for the exercise of sult with him or his designee with respect gations guaranteed under this subsection. the powers herein speoifically conferred up­ to the proposed issue: Provided, That the "(7) There are authorized to be appro­ on the Corporation; issuance and sale of obligations of the Cor­ priated to the Secretary of the Treasury such "(8) shall have the power to explore for poration is not subject to approval by the sums as may be necessary to pay the principal natural gas and oil on Federal, State, foreign, Secretary of the Treasury. If the Corporation and interest on notes or obligations issued or private lands: Provided, That exploration determines that a proposed issue of obliga­ by him as a consequence of any guarantee on State lands shall be in accord with leasing tions cannot be sold on reasonable terms, it under this subsection. or other State land disposition or utilization may issue interim obligations to the Secre­ "(8) In the event of any default on any programs. tary of the Treasury, which such Secretary guaranteed obligation, and payment in ac­ "(9) shall have the power to develop and is authorized to purchase. Such interim obli­ cordance with a guarantee by the United sell natural gas or on discovered by ex­ gations of the Corporation issued to the States, the Attorney General shall take ap­ ploration, or otherwise obtained by sale, Secretary of the Treasury shall mature on propriate action to recover the amount of lease, purchase, exchange, or contract, and or before one year from the date of issuance. such payments, with interest, from the Cor­ to build and operate all those fac111ties nec­ Such obligations shall bear interest at a rate poration or other persons liable therefor. essary for the development or sales of such or yield no less than the current average "(g) (1) The Corporation may request the resources, as herein authorized; yield on outstanding marketable securit.ies right to develop natural gas or oil which is "(10) shall have the power to explore, de­ or obligations of the United States of com­ or may be located on any Federal lands, in­ velop, acquire, or sell natural gas and on parable maturity, as determined by the Sec­ cluding offshore rights, to the extent neces­ alone or on a joint or cooperative basis with retary of the Treasury. For the purpose of sary to carry out its authorized activities: any private or other public entity or entities: any purchase of obligations of the Corpora­ Provided, That the Corporation shall notre­ Provided, That no joint or cooperative basis tion, and to enable him to carry out the quest nor be granted more than 50 per is authorized if there is any likelihood that responsibility relating to guarantees of obli­ centum of such rights as are offered at that exploration, development, acquisition, or sale gations made pursuant to this subsection, time for sale or lease to other qualified Jointly or cooperatively with another entity the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized persons. or entities may adversely affect competition, to use as a public debt transaction the pro­ "(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3} restrain trade, further monopolization, or ceeds from the sale of any securities issued of this subsection, any Federal agency or violate the spirit or content of any Federal under the Second Liberty Bond Act, as now department having authority to lease, sell, statute respecting trade or commerce; or hereafter in force, and the purposes for or otherwise dispose of Federal lands or rights " ( 11) shall have the power to engage in which securities may be issued under the to natural gas or oil which is or may be research directed toward the development Second Liberty Bond Act, as now or hereafter located on Federal lands, including offshore or utilization of abundant and nonpollut­ in force, are extended to include any pur­ rights, shall, upon the receipt of a request ing supplies of energy, from whatever source, chases of the obligations of the Corporation of the Corporation under paragraph (1) of and may build, own, and operate research under this section. The Secretary of the this subsection, grant the Corporation such testing, or demonstration facilities, alone or Treasury may at any time sell, upon such right to develop without payment within 90 on a joint or cooperative basis with private or terms and conditions and at such price or days after the receipt of such request. Rights other public entities; and prices as he shall determine, any of the obli­ to develop under this paragraph shall not be " ( 12) shall have the power to build, lease, gations of the Corporation acquired by him. subject to any other Federal statute or regu­ purchase, or otherwise obtain and operate All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the lation governing the lease, sale, or other facilities necessary for the sale, purchase, Secretary of the Treasury af the obligations disposition of any such lands or rights by transportation, or qelivery of natural gas of the Corporation shall be treated as public any Federal agency or department. or oil: Provided, That no facility may be con­ debt transactions of the United States. "(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of structed or operated unless such facility " ( 5) The Board may- section 641 of title 10, United States Code, meets and complies with all of the require­ " (A) sell its obligations by negotiation or the Secretary of Defense, acting for the Sec­ ments of any Federal statute relating to en­ on the basis of competitive bids, subject to retary of the Navy, shall transfer possession vironmental quality, or any regulation issued the right, if reserved, to reject all bids; "(B) designate trustees, registrars, and of certain properties inside the naval petro­ under such statute. As used herein, 'envdron­ leum and on shale reserves, which are subject mental quality' means those aspects of life paying agents in connection with obllga.tions and those objectives which are delineated of the Corporation and the issuance thereof; to such Secretary's jurisdiction and control, in section 101 (b) of the National Environ­ "(C) arrange for audits of its accounts and to the Corporation in accordance with this mental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4331(b)) for reports concerning its financial condition paragraph. Within one year after the date and which it is the purpose of such Act to and operations by certlfleq_ public accounting of incorporation of the Corporation, the Sec­ protect. firms in addition to audits and reports re­ retary of Defense shall prepare and submit "(f) (1) The Corporation is empowered to quired by the Government Corporation Con­ to the President a report which speclfles the incur debt for capital purposes. Such debt trol Act: petroleum and oil shale reserves which he may be incurred in the form of bonds, de­ "(D) invest, subject to any covenants con­ finds are necessary for retention to accom­ bentures, equipment trust certificates, con­ tained in any obligation contract, the pro­ plish the purposes of such section 641. Within ditional sales agreements, or any other form ceeds of any obligations and other funds un­ six months after receiving such report, the of securities, agreements, or obligations der its control in any securities approved for President shall designate those petroleum (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'obli­ investment of national bank funds and de­ and oil shale reserves which are necessary gations'). posit said proceeds and other funds, sub­ for retention under such section. Such prop­ "(2) Payment of principal and interest on Ject to withdrawal by check or otherwise, in erties may not be transferred to the Corpora- 1508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 tion, except on such terms and conditions as report, together with reasotls therefor, to a letter I received recently from a con­ may be set by the President. the Commission and the Congress with re­ stituent from Reading, Pa., who is proud "(4) The provisions of this subsection shall spect to each incident of noncompliance to serve our great country. I feel that not apply to any Federal lands or rights with any State or local statute or control. within any national park, wilderness, sea­ "(m) The Corporation shall transmit to Pvt. David M. Gabrielli, U.S. Marine shore, or wildlife refuge area, or to any lands the President and the Congress, annually, Corps, should be commended for his pos­ held by the United States in trust for any commencing one year from the date of in­ itive attitude and sense of responsibility. Indian or Indian tribe. corporation, and thereafter on February 1 The letter follows: •• ( 6) All rights granted and properties of each year, and at such other times as it U.S. MARINE CORPS, transferred to the Corporation shall be ex­ deems desirable, a comprehensive and de­ December 5, 1973. plored, developed, and produced in the most taned report of its operations, activities, and DEAR CONGRESSMAN YATRON: 1 have just rapid manner practicable without excessive accomplishments under this section, includ­ completed my basic training with the United risk of losses in recovery in accordance with ing a statement of receipts and expenditures States Marine Corps at Parris Island, South the purposes of this title and subject to the for the previous year. Copies of such reports Carolina. Presently I am at home on leave authorized powers and limitations of the shall be sent to the chairmen of the Senate prior to reporting to my next training assign­ Corporation under subsection (e) of this and House Committees on Appropriations ment at Camp Pendleton, California. and Commerce, and the reports also shall- section. to "(h) (1) The corporation shall build, lease, " ( 1) contain the Corporation's statement I feel it's my obligation to write you in or purchase refining facllitles for the crude of specific and detailed objectives and relate regards to the Marine Corps especially at a on it produces or otherwise obtains only if it these objectives to those in this title; time when many people are condemning the armed forces as a whole. I can't speak for Is unable to m~ke sales of such oil in a man­ "(2) include statements of the Board's ner which will promote competition among conclusions as to the effectiveness of the the other branches of the service, only for my suppliers of crude oil. Corporation in meeting the stated objectives, own branch, the Marine Corps. "(2) The Corporation shall build, lease, or measured through the end of the preceding Speaking for myself, I feel the Marine purchase transportation facllities for the fiscal year; Corps has spent the last thirteen weeks of natural gas or oil it produces or otherwise ob­ "{3) make recommendations with respect training me to be a competent, reliable ta.lns only if it is unable to arrange for de­ to any changes or additional legislative ac­ Marine. The Marine Corps preaches morality, livery of such natural gas or on in a manner tion deemed necessary or desirable; pride in one's self, pride in being part of which will promote competition among sup­ "(4) contain a listing identifying the prin­ the finest military service in tne world, pride pliers of natural gas or on. cipal analyses and studies supporting the in being an American. They have taught me " ( i) ( 1) Sales of natural gas or oil by the major conclusions and recommendations; self-discipline, to work as a team, honesty, Corporation shall be made at fair and rea­ and and integrity. sonable prices designed to promote competi­ "(6) contain the Corporation's annual I feel the '(;nited States is wise in having an tion among suppliers of these energy evaluation plan or plans for its activity organization like the Marine Corps. When the resources. through the next fiscal year and the following Marine Corps advertises for "A Few Good "(2) Sales and transportation of natural five years. Men," they mean a few good men. I am not gas or oil by the Corporation shall be subject At the time of such annual report, the Cor­ bragging, only thanking the Lord who has to the Jurisdiction of the Commission to the poration shall submit a statement of the guided me through so I could achieve my same extent and subject to the same require­ amount of financial assistance needed, if any, final goal. When the government spends 1Jts ments as sales and transportation of these for its operations and for capital improve­ money on the Marines, I feel it's spent very, energy resources by other supplies. ments, the manner and form in which the very wisely. "(3) In selling natural gas or on, the Cor­ amount of such assistance should be com­ I have learned in the past few weeks that poration shall give price, supply or delivery puted, and the sources from which such as­ I could do things I didn't believe were pos­ preference to States, politicaJ subdivisions of sistance should be derived. The Corporation sible. But the Marine Corps showed ;me I States, cooperatives, and independent shall make this annual report readily avail­ could. refiners. able to the public. "(j) Whenever the Corporation owns land, So when I hear people say, "They aren't !acll1t1es, equipment, or other items, which "(n) Each department, agency, and instru­ like they used to be," I challenge that re­ would normally be subject to taxation by a mentality of the executive branch of the mark. We are as good as "they used to be," State or political subdivision thereof, the Federal Government, including independent maybe better. Corporation shall pay an amount to such agencies, is authorized and directed to fur­ So I've taken time out to write you a letter entity in lieu of such taxes on the same basis nish to the Corporation, upon its request, any praising, not condemning, the Marine Corps. and in like amount as would be paid in the information or other data which the Corpo­ When we are needed, we'll be there 1 The form of taxes by a private owner. ration deems necessary to carry out its duties people of this country should be proud of .. (k) (1) The Corporation shall make avail­ under this section, their armed forces, and I get mad when they able, by license or otherwise, on a nonexclu­ "(o) There are hereby authorized to be criticize the service without justification. sive basis, upon payment of a reasonable appropriated to the Corporation for the fiscal Thank you for taking time to hear the royalty, and without territorial limitation, year ending June 30, 1974, and for each of the opinion of a nineteen-year-old private in the the use CY! any patent, trade secret, and copy­ next ten succeeding fiscal years $50,000,000 Marine Corps. for the Corporation to carry out its activities righted or other information obtained or de­ May I wish you and your family a Very veloped by the Corporation in the perform­ under this section. All funds approprla.ted pursuant to this section shall remain avan­ Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. ance of any of its activities under this sec­ Sincerely yours, tion. lit appropriate cases where the purposes able until·expended. Pvt. DAVID M. GABRIELLI. of this title would be served, the Board may "(p) When the annual revenues of the Cor­ waive the payment of royalties. poration exceed the amoun.ts necessary to "(2) Copies of any written or oral com­ satisfy, in accordance with customary bust­ munication, document, intelligence, report, ness practices, the obligations and expenses or other information received, prepared, or incurred by the Corporation and to maintain A FITTING TRIBUTE sent by the Corporation or any of its per­ the financial reserves necessary for Corpora­ sonnel and, in the case of oral communica­ tion activities, the Corporation shall pay its tions, reduced to writing in whole or in remaining funds to the United States." HON. HENJtY HELSTOSKI summary, shall be made avanable to any SEc. 3. Section 101 of the Government Cor­ interested person upon receipt of a specific poration Control Act (31 U.S.C. 846) is OF NEW JERSEY and identifiable request in writing and pay­ amended by (a) striking out "and" in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of fees except that nothing in this last clause thereof; and {b) striking out "." paragraph shall be deemed to require the at the end thereof and inserting in Ueu Wednesday, January 30, 1974 release of any information required by law thereof the following new clause: "and Fed­ Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, one of to be kept secret in the interest of the na­ eral On and Gas Corporation." North Jersey's legendary sports :figures, tional defense or foreign policy; personnel and medical files and similar files the dis­ the late Stanley A. Piela, former athletic closure of which would constitute an un­ A SERVICEMAN PRAISES THE director of Lodt High School, has been warranted invasion of personal privacy; or U.S. MARINE CORPS honored for his contributions to the information pertinent to a pending negotla.­ school system and community. The Lod1 tion or transaction untU the completion HON. GUS YATRON Board of Education recently decided to thereof. name the new Lod1 IDgh School gym­ .. (1) Except for compliance with Federal OF PENNSYLVANIA statutes which may be administered by the nasium in honor of Mr. Piela. States, the Corporation shall be exempt from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This gesture is a :fitting tribute because State and local statutes or controls which Wednesday, January 30, 1974 for many years this man was one of New would impede its ab111ty to perform the ac­ tivities authoriZed by this title: Provided, Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, I am very Jersey's :finest scholastic coaches. Coach That the Corporation shall submit a prior pleased to insert 1n the RECORD a copy of Piela, who died 1n 1962, coached cham- January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1509 pionship teams in football, basketball, ment program to attract qualified men and lessness exists at all levels of the Gov­ and baseball. However, more important women of the civ111an community who pos­ sess a civ111an acquired skill required by the ernmer~~. not just at the top. than the excellent record his team Army. For these reasons, reform requires a amassed through the years, is the fact The program, entitled "Stripes for Skills," direct legislative attack, not just calls for that many of the young athletes who consists of over 160 skills which have either renewed dedication. My staff and I have played for him have gone on to become a direct or closely related civ111an counter­ developed the Bureaucratic Accounta­ well-respected citizens dedicated to their part. Stripes for skills is designed to increase bility Act (H.R. 6223) in response to the own communities. As Stanley Piela built enlistment of qualified Army applicants with conditions uncovered by the conference. winning teams, he also built men of a civ111an acquired skill, increase job satis­ The aim of this legislation is to strength­ character. faction, improve the Army's personnel classi­ fication while maintaining skill performance en the levers by which law-abiding ad­ Mr. Speaker, today I would like to standards and reduce training costs. ministrative decisions are produced. share an article with my colleagues which Unlike the Army's previous lateral entry Hearings on this bill are now being appeared in the Lodi Messenger recently program, which consisted of approximately 50 scheduled, and other legislation concerning Mr. Piela. The article gives skills, the expanded program offers applicants strengthening congressional oversight us further insight into a man whose who meet skill criteria immediate appoint• capabilities is being developed at thts hard work and determination inspired ment to grade E-3 upon enlistment. Addi­ time by my staff. the lives of countless students. The tionally, the member is also given the option Yesterday the Washington Post ran article follows: to select a unit of choice with a period of sta­ b111zation with that unit guaranteed. After an article by Colman ~dcCarthy that put GYM DEDICATION IN HoNOR OF PmLA successful completion of required initial this problem in perspective. It points The late Stanley A. Piela, former Athletic training, the new enlistee is sent to the uni~ out the pervasiveness of governmental Director of Lodi High School, will be honored selected. After eight weeks successful job per­ lawlessness in areas that directly affect for his dedication to the school system and formance in the skill, the member is ap­ all of us. I am sure that Mr. McCarthy's the community. By naming the new Lodi pointed to grade E-4 or E-5. The actual article will contribute to a wider appre­ High School gymnasium in his memory, the appointment is contingent upon the demon­ Lodi Board of Education and the people of strated skill proficiency possessed by: the en­ ciation of this issue, and I recommend Lodi are paying tribute to Piela's more than listee. This method of appointment has an it to the attention of my colleagues: thirty-five years of devotion and service. added benefit of having bullt-in motivation GOVERNMENT LAWLESSNESS A Dedication Ceremony was held at the for the new soldier to excel in that accelerated (By Colman McCarthy) new gymnasium on Tuesday, January 15 appoinment to grades E-4 or E-5 is not guar­ The Watergate explosions continue: a new at 7:30p.m., prior to the start of a scheduled anteed. burst of facts one day, a loud clapping of league basketball game between Old Tappan The skill criteria required for applicants to suspicions the next, and always the banging and Lodi mgh School. participate in this program is designed to of denials from the White House. A problem Piela, who died on December 31, 1962, acquire highly trained members for the Army. in watching these explosions closely is not amassed a record of outstanding achieve­ As an example, to be eligible for appointment that they blind but that they make it harder ments in all the major sports in which Lodt to grade E-4 the applicant must have under­ to watch the behavior of the rest of the gov­ High School participated. Although local gone a minimum of two years formal training ernment. A peripheral vision is needed, a sports fans consider his entire career as and/or experience in the sklll. For grade E-5, constant shifting of the eyes, watching in among the most successful of any area coach, the applicant must have a minimum of three one Une the nimble positionings of Richard old timers wlll especially recall the era of years formal training and/or experience in Nixon while simultaneously eyeing an as­ 1937-39, when the great Stan Piela's boys the civ111an acquired skill. The Army's lateral sistant secretary in charge of reporting to fielded a superb baseball team which won the entry program is designed to fill hard sk1lls Congress on lead paint poisoning, or a depu­ Tri-County (Bergen, Passaic, Hudson) required by the Army, in addition to skills ty assistant running a housing program, or Championship in 1937; rolled over their foot­ perceived by applicants to be attractive. As a director of a bureau concerned with inner­ ball opponents with an undefeated, untied an example, the stripes for skills program city reading problems. 'fhe latter are not and unscored upon team in 1938; and cap­ contains hard skills in the communications usually the spectacular figures of govern­ tured the State Group Three Basketball and electronics field; law enforcement; and ment but they are important because they Championship in 1939. electronics maintenance. are charged by the citizens with upholding While the Army's program has just been and enforcing the law. In recent months, a initiated, the Army feels that stripes for skills run of examples of government lawlessness wtll attract highly quaUfied, more mature, suggests that contempt for the law is hard­ STRIPES FOR SKILLS and career minded applicants to fill its ranks. ly confined to the Watergate figures. A pat­ tern of official lawlessness has emerged, whether the laws are being ignored, broken HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON or defied. OF ALABAMA The better-known examples of recent gov­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES GOVERNMENTAL LAWLESSNESS.: AN ernment lawlessness are easily recalled: the . IMPORTANT ISSUE lllegal dismissal of Archibald Cox, the ille­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 gal appointment of Howard Phillips to OEO, Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, it was the more than two dozen illegal impound· ment cases. All of these cases went befort Just 1 year ago that the draft and the HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS judges, but recently the White House didn't Vietnam war ended. Since that time it OF CALIFORNIA even bother with a trial: it merely an­ has been the goal of the Army and of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nounced as illegal Pat Nixon's $188-a-day Army Secretary Howard "Bo" Callaway job to a voluntary action council. The a.d­ to enlist a viable all-volunteer force. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 minlstration's lawlessness does not go un­ Such an ambitious program has required Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, Congres­ noticed by its once loyal servants. When Wil­ many innovations and initiatives on the sional Black Caucus hearings on gov­ liam D. Ruckelshaus recently spoke before the Environmental Defense Fund, The New part of the Secretary and the rest of the ernmental lawlessness were held in June York Times reported: "Mr. Ruckelshaus told Army. 1972, which now turns out to have been the audience of 150 that he found it odd to This past December the Army initiated a very appropriate time for such a con­ be addressing a group that had sued him an enlistment program whereby a young ference, for it was then we first saw the and the Environmental Protection Agency man or woman with a civilian sklll can beginning of the thread that has led to severllol times and won each case." enter the Army, not as an E-1, but with the unraveling of the greatest example of These examples are in the open, well re­ rank commensurate to that individual's ported by the press, even though, as the systematic governmental lawlessness in trend of lawlessness continues, new ex­ ability. American history. amples tend to be less newsworthy. LeSE This is a most interesting program and The participants in that conference noticed, though, are countless other exam­ lt shoUld assure the Army of quallfied justifiably feel vindicated by events. The ples, stm important because they affect peo­ volunteers. theme of the hearings--irresponsible ple's lives. In late January, the AP reported: At this point in the RECORD, I insert a abuse of power-has come forward to "Four months and 18' days beyond tthe date speech made by Secretary Callaway the center of public debate. Yet two of required by law, the Agriculture Department has filed with Congress the government's which outlines this lateral entry pro­ the conclusions of the conference have goal for the development of rural United gram: not become so well known: That gov­ States." The Washington Post reported that U.S. ARMY LATERAL ENTRY PROGRAM ernmental lawlessness is not just a mat­ the Food and Drug Administration broke the On 1 December 1973, the United State1 ter of individuals, but is structured into law last year by banning the growth hor­ Army implemented a comprehensive enUst- the whole political process, and that law- mone DES from cattle feed. The Wall Street 1510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 Journal reported that a U.S. district court many in the government refuse to admit the burden of worldwide development as­ ruled that the Forest Service broke the law there 1s a problem. How can a criminal be sistance. Encouraging world development by allowing a West Virginia national forest rehab111tated if he is deluded he has done will ultimately be to our own benefit to be clear-cut for wood. These three cases nothing wrong? The attitude 1s pervasive, through the stimulation of new markets are from but a one-week period in January; not only in cases the government loses in the other examples are easily found for the other highest courts but even in tra:fll.c violations. for American products and technology. weeks of January, even the other weeks of The day after Attorney General Willlam B. Far from being a "giveaway" program, every month. The lawlessness in government Saxbe was sworn in, he was stopped on the the International Development Associa­ is not confined to Washington; on the state street and received a citation because his tion can be an effective economic tool to level there is Agnew's Maryland and among Cadmac had an megal sticker. Saxbe first promote our own prosperity by encourag­ cities Addonizio's Newark. tried to talk his way out of it; but that tactic ing development abroad. It is hard for Americans to comprehend failed. Then the nation's top law o:fll.cial tried Mr. Speaker, at this point I would the awesome idea of a government that the do-you-know-who-l-am argument in an breaks laws. Murderers, robbers and rapists effort to bully two of the nation's lowest like to insert into the RECORD a recent are the law-breakers, we think, not well-paid law otHcers. But the latter gave their mighty editorial from the Washington Star­ o:fll.cials who are sworn into o:fll.ce on Bibles boss a ticket anyway. Two days later, a news News commenting on the House defeat and live in clean neighborhoods. Even when story said the Attorney General "joked about of this bill. a high o:fll.cial is caught and convicted­ the incident." Perhaps that 1s the solution RENEGING ON AID which is rare (what clear-cutting o:fll.cials in to government lawlessness-enjoy a good One can only surmise what motives in­ the Forest Service will be fined or jailed for laugh. If so, it would be logical at a time spired the members of the House in voting breaking the law?) -it is called "obstruction when the law is being treated as a joke down the American contribution to the of justice," not commiting a crime. Our un­ anyway. World Bank's International Development As­ willingness to see government lawlessness sociation by a whopping margin of 248 to may be explained by the expectations of 155. But World Bank President Robert Mc­ honesty we have for the government; tore· BELLEVILLE, ILL., LIONS CLUB Namara is right in saying that the action is place this brightness Wi·th the dark shadows SPONSORS PROGRAM TO ELIMI­ "an unmitigated disaster for hundreds of of crime-an image we reserve for the back NATE DEAFNESS millions of people in the poorest nations o! alleys where street criminals are ready to the world." And beyond that, the refusal to jump us-suggests our own stupidity, a authorize the contribution of $1.5 billion thought as unacceptable as government HON. MELVIN PRICE over the next four years is an act of shocking crime. Yet, citizens are as much victimized­ OF ILLINOIS irresponsib111ty. even more victimized in many cases-by the There are plenty of reasons, of course. crimes of their government as by neighbor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Foreign aid"-whether on a bilateral basis hood thugs, even though it is the latest FBI Wednesday, January 30, 1974 or channeled through international agen­ "crime rate" statistics that scare us. cies-has never been politically popular with Citizen reaction to o:fll.cial contempt for Mr. PRICE of Tilinois. Mr. Speaker, the electorate, particularly in view of the the law is discussed in "How the Govern­ the Lions International are well known persistent and bitter criticism of the United ment Breaks the Law" (Stein and Day) by for their valuable work in conservation States from most of the recipient countries. Jethro K. Lieberman. "When the Govern­ of human sight, but the Belleville Mid­ In its present distracted state, furthermore, ment breaks the law ... the psychological town Noon Club in Belleville, TIL, is the the administration does not seem to have reactions are far more complex (than in low­ put nearly as much pressure behind its re­ life crime). The community is split. No one first in our .Nation to dedicate itself to elimination of deafness. quest as it should have. need defend a criminal. but 'our govern­ No doubt also, the current oU crisis had ment'-as opposed to the 'bureaucracy'­ The Midtown Noon Lions Club cele­ something to do with it. Loss of development must be sustained and defended; lllegal ac­ brated its charter night on August 25, aid is by no means the greatest of the un­ tivity, when committed by the Government, 1973, with an inaugural ball and dinner. quickly becomes fuzzy and political, thus mitigated disasters to have struck the under­ The charter officers of the club are developed world in recent days. The aid funds salving the conscience of some, since staunch Lion Jack Wottowa, president, Lion John and 'sincere' political beliefs are highly represent, in fact, something less than one­ prized. And when the political activity is il­ A. Bock, first vice president, Lion James fifth of what these countries wlll be forced legal, it can put even the most fair-minded Radden, second vice president, Lion AI to pay for imported oil at the new, vastly Profant, third vice president, Lion AI increased prices. In this situation, the $4.5 citizen in a terrible dilemma, for he is pa.rt bUlion in proposed IDA financing by the of the citizenry that nurtures the Govern­ Schneider, secretary, Lion Dale Park, ment. Thus, whenever the Government takes treasurer, Lion Charles Steuer, lion richer countries becomes almost irrelevant. some action, part of the populace-whether Something, however, will surely be done tamer, Lion George Gundlach, tail twist­ about this. Some of the Arab nations them­ a larger or smaller part depends on this is­ er, and Lions Les Fischer,.Quentin Huber, sue-will automatically support it simply be­ selves are talking in terms of a two-tiered Art Klein, and Mel Becherer, directors. pricing system to benefit the poorer nations cause it 1s action taken in the name of Gov­ Mr. Speaker, the establishment of a of Africa and Asia. It is also conceivable that ernment." Occasionally attention in Washington is Lions Club principally concerned with they may be induced to use some of their given to government lawlessness. In June deafness brings with it the promise of new-found riches to get into the aid business 1972, the congressional Black Caucus held greater progress in this important field themselves-though so far they have shown hearings on the subject. After four days of of health. Undoubtedly this initial step a preference for a somewhat heavy-handed learning the details of the crime wave, Rep. buying up of governments, rather than in in Belleville will be only the beginning. development ald. Charles 0. Diggs (D-Mich.). said: "To say Other clubs similarly dedicated will that we have the existence of government None of this, however, relieves the United lawlessness would be a supreme understate­ spread across the Nation. States of its obligations as a. leading-and ment. To say that it is even larger than we Let us salute the Lions of the Belle­ the richest-world power to bear its fair ever anticipated is also an understatement ville Midtown Noon Club for taking the share of the very basic and essential projects ... One thing seems evident: we are seeing initiative in bringing to a new field of which the IDA supports. The other developed a war right here in America, a real war, endeavor the already famed dedication nations have been increasing their share of waged between government o:fll.cials and of the Lions international. the burden. Japan had agreed to triple its agencies who openly refuse to follow statutes share of the IDA loan pool, Germany's con­ and regulations and those citizens who tribution was to have more than doubled. should receive the benefits of those pro­ The action of the House-unless it can be speedily reversed-places all these agree­ grams and who have to fight like hell to get RENEGING ON AID them, and many times they don't." The ments in the greatest peril. Black Caucus hearings received almost no coverage in the media. Rep. Ron Dellums (D­ Callf.) recalls that "at the time of the hear­ HON. GILBERT GUDE WHERE IS THE ADMINISTRATION'S ings a Democratic party credentials fight OF MARYLAND BALANCE-OF-POWER DIPLOMACY was going on across town, and the media and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA? the politicians convinced each other that this was the important news of the day. Yet, Wednesday, January 30, 1974 for me, the hearings on government lawless­ Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, last Wednes­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK ness were the most explosive ones I ever day the House defeated H.R. 11354, a bill OJ' LOUISIANA heard." As for the agencies whose lawless­ ness was detailed by Witnesses and confirmed to provide for increased U.S. participa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by facts, the hearings were as easily ignored tion in the International Development Wednesday, January 30, 1974 as the law itself. Association. I regret this decision because What is the solution? For the moment, I have always felt it important that the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, many none appears evident, especially when so United States assume its fair share of Americans have been persuaded to ac- January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1511 cept our balance-of-power diplomacy in Examining future possibillties, the !ISS "lobbies the Government directly and in· study says that as long as the level of vio­ directly, and campaigns in and through the the Middle East on the theory that lence can be contained within Rhodesia, trade union movement, political parties, uni· soldiers of some of the Arab countries are South Africa will probably continue to pro­ versities and the public generally for an end trained and supplied with combat arms vide military and economic assistance to the to all forms of collaboration with the South• from the Soviet Union. white administration. ern African white minority regimes and for Yet in another of our administration's On the other hand, it is conceivable that in support for African resistance to them: strange double standards in southern the event of an uncontrolled confilct across "urges a ban on emigration to South Africa, our policies coincide with the the Zambezi River--especially 1f the level of Africa:" and fighting threatened to draw in any of the "presses for economic sanctions: in par­ Communists in their attacks against major powers--south Africa, rather than risk ticular to prevent South Africa continuing Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique, and the further escalation, would be prepared to to maintain the 1llegal Smith regime 1n Republic of South Africa. countenance and assist in a controlled im­ Rhodesia." A report by the International Insti­ plementation of majority rule in Rhodesia One is hardly surprised to learn that the tute for Strategic Studies in London con­ in return for a restoration of majority rule W.C.C. opposes the Portuguese Qabora Bassa firms that the Soviet Union and the Red in Rhodesia regional security. scheme which wlll benefit milUons of Afri· Chinese are supplying money, weapons, In this case, a Rhodesian government cans: supports the U.K. Institute of Race Re­ to already heavily dependent on South Africa lations which investigates ''white racism . . . and training the terrorists seeking to both economically and milltarily, would in Brita1n" and encourages "the Mticulation overthrow the governments in those hardly be in a position to dictate any terms. of minority response to white racism:" makes countries. grants to the Malcolm X "black power" uni­ The report also states: RHODESIA LivE OR DIE versity in the U.S., and is organizing a boy­ African recruits have been trained in Mos­ (By Father Arthur Lewis) cott of over 650 business concerns and banks cow (the Political and Intelllgence School). having dealings with Southern Africa. Nor Simferopol (the Guerrilla Warfare Training THE TRUE NATURE OF THE WORLD COUNCIL OJ' that a recent W.C.C. "constituent" supported School) and in the Crimea (the Sabotage CHURCHES "Puerto Rico's long struggle for independ· and Demolition School). It is not suggested that the World Councll ence" and pledged solida.rlty with the or­ of Churches is wholly bad. Apart from the ganizers of a boycott of non-union lettuce Additional support for the revolution­ grants already referred to, the Council's rec­ from the western U.s.! (My source for the last aries comes in direct grants and aid from onclllug work in the Sudan deserves high two items is the "Church Times," January the World Council of Churches and the praise. Yet on balance the evll far outweighs 26th and March 16th, 1973.) Organization of African Unity, which was the good. THE "PROGRAMME TO COMBAT RACISM," THE recently given nonprofit, tax-free status The true nature of the W.C.C. can be BANGKOK CONFERENCE-AND RHODESIA JUaged from its leaders and its actions. for its operations in the United States. Untll recently the General Secretary of the If I labour the leftist political activism of It just does not make political or eco­ W.C.C. was Dr. Eugene Carson Blake. In 1967 the W.C.C. it is because it has consequences nomic sense to use the forces of the U.S. he was awarded a Lenin Peace Prize. Other in our own country and implications which Government, spend money and waste recipients of this prize have lncluded Fidel affect every Christian everywhere. equipment to stop alleged Communist Castro of Cuba and the communist Ahmed The notorious "Programme to Combat aggression in northern Africa, while we Ben Bella! In April1972 Dr. Blake denounced Racism" followed the Uppsala Conference of the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam. He had the W.C.C. in 1968 and a special gathering of join in league with Communist-armed radicals at Notting Hill, London, in 1969. The guerrillas fight non-Communist na­ not denounced the brutal invasion of South to Vietnam which had occasioned it. latter proposed revolutionary violence in tions in southern Africa. The present General Secretary is the West Southern Africa, and if its wording was later I insert the following newsclipping and Indian Dr. Ph111p Potter. In his 1972 Christ­ toned down by the Central Committee this excerpt from a booklet by Father Arthur was only after funds had been distributed mas message he said: "The liberation move­ to terrorist organizations. Following the nor­ Lewis at this point: ments are the expressions of the cries of the mal practice member-Churches were not GUERRILLAS BACKED BY MOSCOW, PEKING people-our cry-for salvation, liberation." consulted: they were informed of the Pro­ LoNDON, Jan. 26.-A warning that white In the March 1973 issue of the "Canadian gramme after it had started. rule in Rhodesia is unlikely to survive a pro­ Churchman" a description of Dr. Potter is It was announced in Frankfurt in 1970 that tracted guerrilla war is sounded in a report given by Archbishop Ralph Dean, Metro­ an initial U.S. $200,000 had been set aside just published by the International Institute politan of British Columbia and an Anglican from W.C.C. funds for the P.C.R. From this for Strategic Studies. delegate to the most recent W.C.C. confer­ sum U.S. $130,000 went to nine African The paper, by Anthony Wilkinson, a former ence. "Ph111p Potter equates salvation with groups-$105,000 to groups operating in Rhodesian now with the London School of social justice. When he talks of salvation he Southern Africa and dedicated to the over­ Economics, gives a comprehensive breakdown leaves the Bible behind after ten minutes. throw of our governments by violence. The of the insurgents' supply and training fac111- At times he is a bitchy West Indian cursing financial assistance has gone on ever since, ties. the bloody English. But Potter is in Geneva and has included the banned Rhodesian It says the Soviet Union has been the because the English were once in the West movements ZAPU and ZANU. largest source of finance, weapons and train­ I ndies." (The W.C.C. headquarters are at A South African beneficiary is the Pan­ ing since the early 1960s. In addition to large Geneva). African Congress which exists (in the words quantities of small arms, the Soviets have The overwhelming bias of the W.C.C.'s ac­ of a 1973 W.C.C. document) to fight "for the recently supplied 122-mm. rocket launchers tivity is in a secularist, anti-Christian and overthrow of white domination" and "to with a range of more than seven miles and pro-communist direction. In the 1962 Cuban unite and rally the African people into one the one-man SA7 ground-to-air missile. missile crisis a W.C.C. statement expressed national front on the basis of African na­ African recruits have been trained in Mos­ "grave concern and regret" at the "unilateral tionalism.'' A Portugue·se beneficiary is the cow (the Political and Intelligence School), military action by the U.S." It said nothing G.R.A.E. ("Angolan Revolutionary Govern­ Simferopol (the Guerrilla Warfare Training at all about the Soviets' unilateral military ment in Exile") of the self-confessed com­ School) and in the Crimea (the Sabotage and action in putting the missiles in Cuba in the munist Holden Roberto, whose guerlllas in Demolition School). Recruits also have been first place. At the time the W.C.C. was call­ 1961 tied their live victims, black and white, trained in Algeria, Egypt, North Korea, Cuba ing for boycotts against Rhodesia and South to a moving plank and ran them through a and Czechoslovakia. Africa it was demanding an end to the boy­ sawmlll. But, says the report, the recent improve­ cotts against communist Cuba! But if the W.C.C. has departed from the ment in the ab111ties of the insurgents is be­ The English "Church Times" (December Gospel of reconciliation it has also reversed lieved to reflect the growing Chinese involve­ 11th 1970) reported a W.C.C. appeal for Christian teaching. The Declaration of Bar­ ment both in the supply of small arms and $90,000 "to help American draft-dodgers and bados in March 1971 wrote of Latin America: in training. deserters.'' A special edition of the W.C.C.'s "We conclude that the suspension of all mis­ The study says that with a heavy white-to­ youth magazine was entitled "Just Men sionary activities is the most appropriate black population ratio and a chronic foreign­ Desert.'' policy.'' Our Lord said: "Go ye into all the exchange problem, Rhodesia can afford only The Council has provided funds (£3,500 in world, and preach the Gospel to every crea­ a small defense force. The problems of equip­ September 1970) for the West Indian Stand­ ture" (Mark 16.15). ment obsolescence have been accentuated ing Conference in Britain-"to create a What was begun at Barbados was com­ by sanctions imposed by the United Nations, strong black power base in the United King­ dom." It has given money for the "political pleted at the W.C.C.'s Bangkok Conference the report says. on "Salvation Today" in December 1972 and Rhodesia is facing a revolt not by primitive education" (not general education) of Aus­ warriors, nor even a Mau-Mau type of revolt, tralian aborigines. Among the grants to the January 1973. "All round the world," said confined to one tribe, but "the prospect ... British Anti-Apartheid Movement was one the official press-release, "people are seeking of a war of national liberation fought by of £2,000 in gratitude for "getting the South deliverance from political and economic op­ guerrillas recruited from many tribes in­ African cricket tour cancelled." (The quota­ pression, racial and social injustice. They are creasingly well trained, armed with modern tions are from the W.C.C.'s own handout.) also concerned about their personal destiny.'' weapons and enjoying the moral or material The current 1973 handout lists another grant Before the conference the delegates were told support of most countries," the report con­ to the same body and enumerates its activi­ to prepare themselves for "an exercise in tinues. ties. The Movement:- group dynamics." Professor Peter Beyerhaus, 1512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Januwry 30, 197.q. an eminent theologian of Tubingen Univer­ B'!fAI B'RITH, COMMISSION ON visitation of a group of B'nai B'rith, that sity, has recalled how the conference was COMM'tJNITY AND VETERANS SERV­ presented gifts to each patient at the hos­ heavily weighted with official consultants ICES, pital. There was a package for each veteran, and advisers and has described it as a "mas­ WasMngton, D.C., November 9, 1973. which contained a minimum of 20 personal terpiece of manipulation." He explains in Mr. MALVIN ROSEMAN, items (socks, handkerchiefs, combs, station­ detail the processes of conditioning used to Btrmtngham, Ala. ery, books, candy, gum, peanuts, tooth­ obtain the predetermined end-processes in­ DEAR BROTHER RoSEMAN! I have just had brushes, etc.). cluding the forceful prevention of public de­ the great pleasure and I also may call it This idea of making Veterans Day a day bate and a refusal to bring a dissenting mo­ an honor to read your scmpbook that you for the veterans in the hospital, was origi­ tion to a vote. ("American Church News," have sent us showing your activities both in nated by Malvin Roseman. Lent 1973.) B'nai B'rlth and 1n your community for the Service organizations throughout America The result was simple: a call for a " 'mora­ past year. I say I'm honored because I go will be contacted by Mr. Roseman to further torium• in sending missionary personnel and through it wishing more people would give of this plan. funds to the Third World:" i.e. the abandon­ themselves as you ha.ve. To be sure, if we WILLIAM P. BRAY. ment of Christian missionary work as hither­ had more people like Malvin Roseman there VETERANS DAY GIFTS BEING PREPARED to conceived. The Director of the W.C.C.'s is no doubt there would be a better world. Gifts already are being prepared for pres­ Commission on World Mission and Evangel­ MaJ., wherever you go you brighten the lives entation to patients at the Veterans Hos­ ism, Emilio Castro, spoke of "the end of a of many. Your involvement in the Help One pital in Birmingham in conjunction with missionary age and the beginning of World Another Clwb, of course, your outstanding this year's Veterans Day activities Oct. 22. Mission." This has nothing to do with evan­ leadership in Veterans Hospitals, and the Malvin Roseman, chairman of the Vet­ gelising the world or belief in the unique­ countless other organizations that bene11t erans Day Gifts Committee, announced B'nai ness of Christ: it is speciftcally stated to from your caring make all of us at B'nai B'rith wlll sponsor gift packages to patients mean "partnership and dialogue" with other B'rith proud. You give the most precious of the 500-bed hospital. faiths and ideologies. The suggestion was commodity, even greater than money, your "I am very proud of the City of Birming­ made that the money saved should go to "lib­ self. Your time and energies, as shown by ham holding these Veterans Day activities eration" movements. the letters of appreciation, are recognized as each year," Roseman said, "but Veterans Day Could any departure from Biblical Christi­ they should be. is for the veteran so this year we will be anity be more complete? This is the wolf of Under separate cover I a.m. returning your at the hospital to present each veteran a communiSm in the sheep's clothing of scrapbook, and as I said earlier it was a priv­ gift, which wm include 22 personal items." Christianity. Uege and an honor to have had the oppor­ Such then is the W.C.C., to which most of tunity to see all that you have done. Keep the Christian Churches in Rhodesia belong. up the good work and do keep us informed VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, Many of the churchmen who support it are of your great involvement. Wash-ington, D.C., November 14,1973. innocent and well-meaning dupes of a con­ With all best wishes, I am MALVIN ROSEMAN, spiracy they do not even suspect. Rhodesians Sincerely, Btrmingnam, Ala. cannot afford to be so gullible. Nor can any RoBERT SCHWARTZBERG, Assistant Director. DEAR MR. RosEMAN: I would like to extend Christian who takes seriously the historical my personal congratulations to you and the religion of Christendom and the teaching of Birmingham chapter of B'nai B'rith on a Christ himself. VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION HOSPITAL, unique and commend:able Veterans Day Birmtngnam, Ala., November 14, 1973. program. Mr. MALVIN ROSEMAN, It was heartwarming to watch you and the v AVS Representative, ladles of B'nai B'rith distributing gift parcels MALVIN ROSEMAN'S SPECIAL GIFI' B'nai B'ritn, to all the patients in the Birmingham Vet­ TO VETERANS Birmingnam, Ala. erans Administration Hospital. You were re­ DEAR MR. RosEMAN: B'nai B'rlth did an membering men and women who are too of­ outstanding job with the first Veterans Day ten forgotten on "their" day. Program. The patients were all very ha.ppy Veterans Admlnistrator Donald E. Johnson HON. JOHN BUCHANAN that someone took the time to remember has asked me to add his personal apprecia­ OF ALABAMA them on this special day. tion for your efforts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I hope you wlll express our appreciation to I am keenly interested in your endeavor to Wednesday, January 30, 1974 all the folks who worked so hard to make make this program a national B'nai B'rlth ef­ this a success. fort every Veterans Day in hospitals from Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, every Sincerely, coast to coast. Call on me if I can be of as· year this Nation pays tribute to the LEON MILLER, sistance. The reaction of the patients and VA American veteran whose bravery and Cnief, Voluntary Service. Hospital staff Birmingham is proof that such patriotism helped to create this country a project is deeply appreciated. and to maintain it as the greatest free VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION HOSPITAL, Sincerely, Birmingh-am, Ala. RAYMOND J. MCHUGH, republic in the history of the world. Special Consultant, Office of Administra­ The city of Birmingham, Ala., which Mr. MALVIN ROSEMAN, VAVS Hospital Representative, tor. it is my privilege to represent in the Con­ B'nai B'ritn, gress, annually offers an outstanding Birmingnam, Ala. NATIONAL VETERANS DAY, Veterans Day program. DEAR MR. RosEMAN: The gift program that Birmingh-am, Ala., November 20, 1973. I would call to the attention of my B'nal B'rith conducted on Veterans Day was Mr. MELVIN ROSEMAN, colleagues an unique project undertaken an excellent way to pay tribute to hospital­ Chairman, Veterans Hospital Committee /Of' by Mr. Malvin Roseman and other mem­ ized veterans. Your group's thoughtfulness Veterans Day, Birmingham, Ala. bers of B'nai B'rith in Birmingham to and concern on this special day were sincerely DEAR MALVIN: The combined veterans or­ underline even more strongly our appre­ appreciated by our staff and patients. ganizations sponsors of National Veterans B'nai B'rith has always been an outstand­ Day in Birmingham, wish to express their ciation for the efforts of American vet­ ing example of dedicated assistance in caring deep appreciation of the outstanding job erans and our concern for their welfare. for veteran patients. We are very grateful for which you and your committee did in honor­ Under Mr. Roseman's leadership, their help and your leadership in this pro­ ing the patients at the Veterans Hospital on members of B'nai B'rith distribute gifts gram. the evening of Veterans Day, October 22nd. on Veterans Day to individuals who were Sincerely, Mr. Ray McHugh who represented the Hon­ in the Birmingham Veterans' Adminis­ C. G. Cox, orable Donald Johnson, Administrator of tration Hospital and who could not, Direct01'. Veterans Affairs, at the event was most im­ therefore, participate in other Veterans pressed with the planning and the impressive Day activities. This is a commendable VETS DAY BONUS manner in which the program was accepted idea and one which groups in other parts As a (recently dli'"Charged) patient at Vet­ by the patients and the hospital adminis­ erans Hospital here in Birmingham where trators. of the Nation might well wish to adopt. I underwent surgery, my stay at the hospital The B'Nai B'rith organization which took The following letters and newspaper included National Veterans Day. the lead in this successful project has our articles reflect the appreciation of city Everyone can be proud of Birmingham's heartfelt thanks for their great community and Federal officials as well as that of National Veterans Day program. It is number contribution in honoring our veterans. we patients of this program and I commend one in the nation. We can also be proud of know that what you and your committee has them to my colleagues: an addition to the program-namely the done will receive deserved consideration for January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1513 the coveted Leadership A ward 1n the direc­ choice invariably leads to the hospital. On October 5, one month to the day from tion of service to veterans. But hospital treatment certainly is not the date of the fire, Mrs. Griffin moved back With kindest personal regards, and best into her apartment. wishes from all of us, I am, free. It is only covered under the Social Security Act while home care is not. North Common Vtllage, built in 1937, with Very sincerely yours, initial occupancy in 1941, 1s the oldest fed­ RAYMOND WEEKS, I have discussed this anomaly with the erally-assisted public housing project in Director. Social Security Administration and found Massachusetts. Both fam111es and elderly general concurrence with the assessment tenants occupy its 636 units. Its brick con­ I have given. Yes, home treatment is less struction and fire doors helped to confine expensive. Yes, it is far more convenient the damage from the September fire. TITLE XVIll OF THE SOCIAL for the patient. No, it is not covered un­ SECURITY ACT der the present interpretation of the Social Security Act. HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE The bill I have introduced today is an BAN THE HANDGUN-XVI important one and a sensible one. I hope OF PENNSYLVANIA it will receive prompt attention. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Wednesday, January 30, 1974 OF NEW YORK Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ LOWELL, MASS., HOUSING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AUTHORITY troducing a brief bill today that would Wednesday, January 30, 1974 greatly benefit all kidney disease victims, as well as save substantial amounts of HON. PAUL W. CRONIN Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ Federal dollars. The bill is a simple uary 28, a 16-year-old high school stu­ OF MASSACHUSETTS dent was shot dead by one of his friends amendment to title XVIII of the Social IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Security Act to allow Federal coverage of who used a .32 caliber pistol. Described hemodialysis treatment performed by a Wednesday, January 30, 1974 as "about as fine a kid as there was," the nurse or health aid in the patient's home. Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker, for many, boy joined the ranks of the thousands This would grant the same coverage that a job begins at and ends at 5:30, revolves of good citizens shot each year by rela­ now applies to in-hospital hemodialysis around a desk, and seems never to in­ tives, friends and acquaintances. By al­ treatment, but would eliminate the in­ volve others. However, in the time I have lowing the public to have handguns we convenience to patients and the addi­ worked with Armand Mercier, the execu­ make it easy to kill. tional cost of a patient taking up hos­ tive director of the Lowell, Mass., Hous­ The attached article a_,ppeared in the pital bed space and receiving hospital ing Authority, I have found that the op­ Washington Post, January 30, 1974: care. posite situation to these rules apply. He WOODBRIDGE YOUTH KILLED, FRIEND HELD The additional costs of hospital treat­ has consistently extended himself for (By Ron Shaffer) ment versus in-home treatment are sig­ the good of the residents of Lowell. I A 16-year-old Prince William County nificant. Presently, routine hospital he­ would like to commend this article to you youth described as "about as fine a kid as modialysis costs average between $25,000 as a fine example of the efforts of Mr. there was" died on the way to the hospital to $30,000 annually; while in-home treat­ Mercier on behalf of the people of Mas­ Monday night after being found in a road­ ment costs average between $4,000 to sachusetts: side ditch near Dale City with a gunshot $7,500. It is the same treatment, nor­ wound in the chest. [From the Journal of Housing magazine, A 17-year-old youth known as a close mally done twice a week, but presently November 1973] in-home nurse assistance is not covered friend of the dead youth turned himself in LOWELL AUTHORITY FOLLOWS UP FOR to Connecticut State Police at Westport yes­ under the Social Security Act while hos­ RESCUED TENANT terday afternoon and told of being involved pital care is. The Lowell, Massachusetts housing author­ in the shooting, police reported. He was This unnecessary cost and inconven­ ity made "human interest" news and the charged with being a fugitive from justice. ience should be stopped. community was given a glimpse of the kind Dead is William Joseph Mulgrew, of 1478 There are approximately 8,000 new of vigilance and readiness to help that goes California St. in Woodbridge. He was an kidney patients each year that are able to into low-income housing management when 11th grade student at Garfield High School adapt to the successful hemodialysis The Lowell Sun, in its September 6 edition, in Woodbridge, where he was a "B" student treatment. There is no point in forcing carried the photograph reproduced on the and a first string player on both football Journal cover this month. The story accom­ and baseball teams. He was found by a them into hospitals for care if they could panying the photograph related that LHA passing motorist lying beside Minnivtlle receive it at their homes with some as­ Executive Director Armand P. Mercier, driv­ Road near Dale City. sistance from a nurse or health aid. But ing by the North Common Village public Connecticut State Police Lt. Edward that is not how the present system works. housing project, noticed smoke curling from Leonard said the 17-year-old suspect turned The statistical information indicating a third-story unit. On rushing in to check himself in at the Westport state police bar­ the cost differences of hospital care ver­ the situation, he found himself just on time racks yesterday after driving north on Inter­ sus in-home care are included in a pub­ to assist elderly tenant, Mrs. Martha Griffin, state 95 Monday night, sleeping at a gas sta­ lication "Kidney Disease and Artificial from her burning three-room apartment. tion off the New Jersey Turnpike and then Mrs. Griflln was uninjured but the apart­ continuing north into Connecticut. Kidneys," published in November 1973 cent suffered smoke, heat, and water dam­ Police said that they could not discuss by the National Institute of Arthritis, age to the tune of $1400. The contents of the possible motives while the investigation is Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, 1 apartment, of unascertained value, were al­ in progress. The father of the dead youth of the 10 institutes of the National In­ most totally destroyed. Authority depart­ said he had no idea why his son was killed. stitutes of Health. ments and city agencies mobilized for emer­ Lt. Leonard said the suspect turned over Mr. Speaker, an interesting part of my gency help to Mrs. Griffin: she was offered a gun he had in his possession, which Leo­ research on this problem is the way it relocation to another unit; the authority nard identified as a .32 caliber automatic began. While in my district over the social services department sorted the con­ pistol. An extradition hearing is scheduled tents of the unit, stored what was salvage­ for this morning in the Stamford, Conn. Cir­ recent congressional recess, I met with able, and disposed of the rest; the mainte­ cuit Court, and the suspect 1s currently being some members of the Kidney Hemodial­ nance department took over the repair, re­ held without bail. ysis Patients Organization of Northeas­ painting, and refurbishment of the unit, in­ Mulgrew's death left many of the school's tern Pennsylvania. The patients them­ cluding installation of a new tile ftoor, re­ 2,800 students "in shock . . . in disbelief" selves explained their problems. For in­ placement of sections of wiring, replacement over the slaying, said Garfield football coach stance, the normal procedure involves of glass windowpanes, and deodorizing to get Robert Pruett. "If ever there was a 'good the spouse without the disease learning rid of the fire stench the social services de­ kid' he was it," said an assistant football how to operate the hemodialysis equip­ partment stepped in again to assist Mrs. coach, James Artz. "He was never in trouble, Griffin in filing ror a rent rebate for the no­ was always where he was supposed to be, ment and thus treating the other soouse occupancy period (she had preferred to live doing what he was supposed to-a real good at home. But should the spouse without with a relative, rather than accept the prof­ citizen." the disease die, then the patient's choice fered temporary unit) and in securing new Mulgrew's father, William Sr., told a Post is either to pay for the nurse or health furniture a Lowell model neighborhood orga­ reporter yesterday that his son's car had aid herself, which she can often ill af­ nization contributed money for the purchase broken down Monday and he had gone to ford, or go to the hospital for free. The of new clothing for Mrs. Griffin. work with a friend. 1514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974

The dead youth's father is a postal carrier; Beaver pointed out that, dur~ng the last RIO GRANDE VALLEY'S LAST SPAN­ his mother is a serVice representative for the sanctions between 1967 and 1971, the ISH-AMERICAN WAR VETERAN Commonwealth Telephone Company in price of chrome ore from the Soviet Prince William County. They live in the PASSES the Marumsco Woods section of Woodbridge. Union-the major U.S. supplier during "The policeman came to the door (Mon­ Rhodesia's exclusion from the market-­ day night) and I thought Blll was involved .to domestic ferrochromium producers HON. E de Ia GARZA in an accident," Mulgrew said from his home :increased from $31.50 per ton to well OF TEXAS yesterday. over $60 per ton. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I went with my wife and the policeman Even more serious than rising prices Wednesday, January 30, 1974 to the emergency room and the doctor came is the threat of a complete cutoff in over to me. I thought he would tell me my chrome shipments by the Soviet Union. Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, the son was involved in an automobile accident. This threat has been discussed in the State of Texas sent some 10,000 men to Then he said Bill had been shot and was dead. I don't remember much of anything December 24 issue of the New York the front during the Spanish-American after that." Daily News. War. The famous Rough Riders, com­ If the U.S. cuts off Rhodesian imports of manded by Col. Leonard Wood and Lt. this vital defense-related metal, that will Col. Theodore Roosevelt, were organized make this country almost wholly dependent at San Antonio. on the Soviet Union for supplles. Hasn't There are not many survivors of that WILL THE UNITED STATES RELY Arab on blackmail shown our peerless ON SOVIET CHROME? leaders how dangerous it is to be at the war, which seems so long ago. One of mercy of an unreliable source for essential them, Henry J. Ramsey, the last Span­ materials? And Russia is about as un­ ish-American War veteran in the Rio HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK dependable as they come. Grande Valley of Texas and past-post oF omo commander of the Spanish-American I agree wholeheartedly with the senti­ War Veterans of the Valley, died this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments of the New York Daily News. It month at the age of 99. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 would be foolhardy for the United Mr. Ramsey was a valued citizen of States to rely on the Soviet Union for Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on De­ a material vital to both our national de­ the south Texas district I represent. He cember 18, the Senate voted to repeal fense and our domestic economy. Ameri­ came to the valley 47 years ago from the Byrd amendment and reinstate the can security and American economic Mississippi. Prior to this retirement some Soviet Union as the virtually exclusive strength must come first. years ago he was in the contracting busi­ supplier to the United States of high ness and constructed many of the down­ grade metallurgical chrome. This action, town buildings and residences in the city if duplicated by the Hom·e, poses a threat THE 56TH ANNIVERSARY OF of McAllen. to the national security and domestic UKRAINE INDEPENDENCE This fine gentleman is survived by his economy of the t.Tnited States. wife, 4 sons, 2 daughters, a sister, Chrome ore is a vital material in our 10 grandchildren, and 6 great grand­ HON. MELVIN PRICE children. One of the daughters, Mrs. d~fense indastry. It is an essential in­ OF ILLINOIS gredient in many of our military weapon Henry Erdmann, is a resident of Mc­ systems, including long-range missiles, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Allen. To her and the other surviving nuclear submarines, and jet aircraft. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 relatives I simultaneously extend my sympathy and my congratulations on an In addition to our defense needs, Mr. PRICE of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, chrome plays an important role in our ancestor of whom they can well be this week marks the 56th anniversary of proud. domestic economy Specialty steel mak­ the independence of Ukraine, a nation of ers--stainless, alloy, and tool steels-are 48 million now under the control of the particularly dependent on chrome ore. Soviet Union. Ukraine declared its in­ Stainless steel cannot be made with­ dependence early in 1918 and 2 years OUR NATION SALUTES THE HON· out chromium, as there is no other ele­ later the Soviets overran it. Since then ment which caa be used as a substitute. ORABLE D. STANTON HAMMOND the Ukrainians have known almost every III, OF NEW JERSEY, INSPIRING Rhodesia has the largest reserves of form of suppression, from political tore­ metallurgical grade chromite-the only EDUCATOR AND HISTORIAN OF ligious. AMERICA'S HERITAGE grade economically suitable for steel­ Today, with all our hopes for detente making applications. In terms of esti­ and a world free of international tension, mated world resources of metallurgical it is easy to forget that these millions still HON. ROBERT A. ROE chrome, Rhodesia possesses 67 percent live under a totalitarian regime which OF NEW JERSEY of the total. According to a report of the stands opposed to any kind of free ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES National Materials Advisory Board- pression. In describing Ukraine some may Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Of the free world's supply of high grade find it somewhat misleading to use the ore, 70 percent of the reserves in this quality word "captive." But there can be no more Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, the eloquence are found in Rhodesia. outrageous captivity than that which and elegance of America's heritage is South Africa has almost one-fourth thwarts the exchange of ideas, discour­ fostered and nurtured by our Nation's of the free world's resources of metal­ ages the worship of one's God, and muf­ teachers and kept alive and vibrant by lurgical grade chromite. Only about 6 :fies words of national independence. A the historians of our time. Today, I percent, however, is high-quality ore. nation whose people are subjected to -would like to call to the attention of you Turkey, which has the third largest free these injustices is no better off than if .and our colleagues here in the Congress world reserve, possesses only 2 percent they dwelled behind true bars of iron. .the inspiring lifetime of outstanding of the world's share. In addition, Turkey Mr. Speaker, as long as men and service rendered to our people as a rf'cently signed a long-term contract to women live under such conditions, there teacher-historian by a most distin­ supply a majority of Turkish production can be no real freedom for any of us. For guished membe1· of our community and to Japanese firms. we share their frustration, and we join good personal friend, the Honorable D. As can be seen from the above break­ with them in resisting the forces which Stanton Hammond III. down, exclusion of Rhodesia as a chrome have destroyed a nation's independence. Dr. D. Stanton Hammond III, has source would :iorce the United States to Fortunately, no bars, real or hyper­ truly inspired anCI. enriched the lives of rely on the Soviet Union. The likely re­ bolic, can sti:fie the true spirit of freedom, many of our people through his teach­ sult of this dependency is a sharp in­ and for this reason I remain confident ings and writings and even today, at the crease in chrome prices. that the Ukrainians can regain their in­ young age of 86 years, he continues to Howard 0. Beaver, president of Car­ dependence. But it will be all the more actively pursue biG dedicatio::1 and sin­ penter Technology Corp.-a major pro­ difficult if they are forgotten by their cerity of purpose on behalf of our people ducer of specialty steels-has predicted friends in the West. Let us take the oc­ as an esteemed commissioner of our Pas­ that repeal of the Byrd amend­ casion of their independence day to re­ saic County Park Commission and indus­ ment would result in a 20- to 30-percent mind the Ukrainians that they do not trious learned consultant on historic and increase in ferrochromium prices. stand alone. educational endeavors of vital impor- January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1515 tance to the dynamics of our destiny and historical journals, but his most pub­ with unprecedented turnover of Cabinet the quality of life for all of us. licized contribution to our local com­ and other top level positions. Dr. Hammond, the son of DanielS. and munity is his compilation of Erskine and Mr. Nixon would have us believe he Helena M. Scott, was born in Brooklyn, New Jersey Provincial County maps. is too busy dealing with the problems N.Y., on September 22, 1887. He is a All of the members of our congres­ of the Nation to think about his threat­ graduate of Ridgewood, N.J., High sional district also applaud Dr. Ham­ ened impeachment. This may be. Per­ School-1903; the Trenton Normal mond for his most commendable per­ haps the condemned man does not think School-1905; and received his B.S. de­ formance in contributing to our cultural about the electric chair. But I doubt it. gree in 1912 and J.D. degree in 1923 from and recreational enjoyment as commis­ I believe Mr. Cannon is correct, and the the Washington Square College and Law sioner of the Passaic County Park Com­ prospect that he will be the first Presi­ School, respectively, of New York Uni­ mission from 1963 to 1973 where he has dent in history to be removed from office versity. He married Mary Catherine Da­ just completed a highly successful year by impeachment weighs heavily indeed vison on July~. 1919, and they were the as president. on Mr. Nixon. It would be surprising if proud parents of three children: Daniel Mr. Speaker, the foregoing highlights this were not so. Stanton, P.E., of Arnold, Md., division of the exemplary lifetime of devoted ex­ For the good of the Nation, this sta.te engineer, Federal Highway Administra­ pertise that Dr. Hammond has imparted of affairs should not continue. We can­ tion, District of Columbia Region III; to his fellow man only scratch the surface not and should not abandon our im­ Eugene Davison, deceased; and Lois of the standards of excellence and high­ peachment proceedings; the corrupt acts Eva-Mrs. Robert V. Kirkendoll. It est order of performance that one man of Mr. Nixon and his administration In his teaching profession, before :o:-e­ could give in a highly successful career demand that he be impeached and re­ tiring in February 1954, he excelled on which has truly enriched our commu­ moved from office. But I believe it is the faculty 0f New Jersey schools at nity, State, and Nation. I am pleased to necessary for us to move ahead as Mor.tvale, Ridgewood, and Paterson; seek this national recognition for all of quickly as we can. The chairman of the served as principal of the Hunterdon Dr. Hammond's good works and know Judiciary Committee has spoken of re­ County school at Flemington; an super­ that you will want to join with me in porting his findings to the House by intendent of schools at Englishtown and saluting him and extending our heartiest April; in my view, close adherence to Norwood. congratulations and best wishes to him this schedule would be desirable. Dr. Hammann. has surveyed and pre­ and his family for continued success and I say this for neither ideological or pared official tax maps and mapped and happiness. The Honorable D. Stanton partisan reasons. I expect I will dis­ published provincial patents ~n old Hun­ Hammond, we are proud to say, is truly agree with the policies Of GERALD FORD terdon County, N.J. Among his ma:1y a great American. as frequently as I disagreed with those civic endeavors, he has received many of Richard Nixon. And there is no ques­ commendatioru for his work with the tion that the longer Mr. Nixon remains New Jersey Historical Commission as in office, the better my party will do at secretary at George Washington Head­ RICHARD NIXON IMPAIRS CONDUCT the polls. But I cannot ignore the fact quarters, Dey Mansion-1928-31; histor­ OF PRESIDENCY that the conduct of the affairs of the ian, WashingtOl.l Bicentennial, Paterson Nation requires a President whose integ­ Commission-1932; historian, Passaic rity is above suspicion and who can op­ County 100th Anniversary-1937; Pat­ HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT erate with full effectiveness. Mr. FoRn erson 100th Anniversary-1951; and OF CALIFORNIA meets these requirements; Mr. Nixon Passiac Great Falls for U.S. Registered IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES does not. So I urge that we do our un­ Landmark-1967; treasurer and presi­ pleasant duty, and do it expeditiouslY'. dent, Passaic County Park Commission- Wednesday, January 30, 1974 I insert in the RECORD at this point 1963-73; president, Passaic County Com­ Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, along the article by Lou Cannon entitled mission for New Jersey Tercentenary at with many Americans, I have wondered "Nixon: a Restless and Sleepless Man in World's Fair-1964-65; member, Passaic how the scandals and threat of impeach­ the White House," from the Washington County Heritage Commission-1966-77; ment have affected President Nixon and Post of January 28, 1974: and vice president, Passaic County Com­ his conduct of the duties of his office. A NIXON: A RESTLESS AND SLEEPLESS MAN IN mission for U.S. Bicentennial-1971. recent article by Washington Post re­ THE WHITE HOUSE Having served 30 years as the presi­ porter Lou Cannon suggests an answer (By Lou Cannon) dent of the Passaic County Historical which, while not surprising, is disturbing. He has always been a restless man, this Society, he was appointed as honorary According to Mr. Cannon and the President of the United States, and those life trustee of this most distinguished White House aides with whom he has who have seen him closely say that he is histcric preservation organization which talked: more restless than ever. he founded in 1926. Mr. Nixon is unable to sleep; His aides remain loyal to Richard Nixon, or at least to the institutions of the presi· Dr. Hammond is held in the highest He is more reclusive than ever, on dency. But in their quiet moments some of esteem by all of us who have the good many days seeing nobody but Alexander these aides talk guardedly about his in­ fortune to know him. He has been pub­ Haig, Ronald Ziegler, Bebe Rebozo, and somnia and about his preference for flying at licly cited for many of his exemplary his secretary and family-none of whom night when he could more easily fly by day. achievements and is most proud of hav­ have demonstrated competence as Pres­ They talk, too, of his penchant for retreat­ ing received in 1964 the MacArthur Sil­ idential advisers; ing from the retreats be has chosen for him­ ver Medal, Sons of the American Revolu­ He is sometimes unable to carry on self and of his strange habit of changing the coherent policy discussions; subject matter and of abruptly den-Juncing tion, and in 1971 the SAR Gold Medal for the "thems" he believes are out to destroy his patriotic State service. His feelings of persecution are even presidency. He has been affiliated with the Na­ more pronounced than at other points in One symptom of this presidential restless­ tional Education Association where he his career; ness is Mr. Nixon's present aversion to any holds lifetime membership since 1930; He has turned the conduct of domestic detailed discussion of domestic policy. He has his historical society memberships in­ policy over to Alexander Haig, a man never been a man who suffers detail gladly, cluded his active participation in the with no background or demonstrated but he now refers almost all substantive do­ many noble programs of the New Jersey, competence in this field; mestic discussions to his chief of staff, Alex­ Bergen, Passaic, and Hunterdon Counties He is disturbed when the weather ander M. Haig. societies and Genealogical Society of New appears to be against him; When Budget Director Roy Ash arrived in Jersey. He is a member of the law fra­ His staff has fallen into thinking of San Clemente for an announced and impor­ ternity of Phi Alpha Delta, prominent the Presidency as an institution, rather tant discussion with the President on the impending budget, Mr. Nixon turned the member of the Republican Party-secre­ than of the man who must act in behalf meeting over to Haig and never saw Ash at tary of the Hunterdon Republican Club of the American people. all. On most days the President saw only in 1912-and a highly respected parish­ In short, the conduct of the supreme Hatg, Press Secretary Ronald L. Ziegler, sec­ ioner of the Presbyterian faith. office of the executive branch is not go­ retary Rose Mary Woods, his wife and daugh­ Dr. Hammond will long be remembered ing well. And we all know, conduct at ter, Trtcta, and the ever-present confidant, for many of his outstanding writings in the next highest level is also going badly, Bebe Rebozo. 1516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 Despite his disavowal of detail, the Presi­ a reporter. The President looked hale and large contributor invariably obtains ac­ dent made it clear that he· was running the hearty at his 61st birthday party. the re­ cess to their representative-and, in show. Though the White House has a long­ porter said. Do you really think there is any­ many cases these contributions are the standing agreement with the news services thing wrong with him? to inform them of presidential travel, Mr. The aide shrugged, and permitted a long cement of a quid pro quo relationship. Nixon gave strict orders that they were not pause. "Of course not," he said. "There is In contrast, the small contributor re­ to be informed of his many driving trips with nothing wrong with the President." ceives a form letter reply. Rebozo at the wheel. He also bluntly warned It is in the latter sense that some aides When that double standard prevails, aides not to make predictive discussions of have substituted their loyalty to the presi­ the majority of citizens are not repre­ presidential policies for 1974. dency for their personal loyalty to Richard sented; but, rather-through this po­ One aide who had engaged in such a dis­ Nixon. The Committee for the Re-election of litical auction-the wealthy and elite are cussion subsequently corrected ·a newsman the President, with its institutional slogan who had reported his prediction. The aide of "Re-Elect the President", is finally gone well catered. Studies of past elections said he still felt the same way but added: but Mr. Nixon is rarely "Mr. Nixon" to the have shown that candidates able to raise "That's not what El Supremo thinks." men who work for him. The incantation of the most money not only stand the best Mr. Nixon's restlessness is most troubling the institution has a magic sound, a magic chance of winning, but in a vast ma­ to the Secret Service, which doesn't care that does not as easily survive when the jority of cases do win. whether or not he notifies the press of his President is thought of as a man. There might For me, that too, is undemocratic, travels but Is increasingly concerned about just possibly be something wrong with Mr. since it means that most candidates his personal safety. Nixon; all is well with the President. come from the ranks of persons either One Secret Service agent, usually the most · All is not well. On the California trip the resolute of professionals, complains that the prevalling mood was that this was the last iadependently wealthy or willing to President's sudden whims to "drive some­ trip to San Clemente. The Laguna Beach prostitute themselves to various well­ where, anywhere" makes protection difficult. press center is being torn down as part of a heeled interest groups. This agent goes on to state another trou­ restaurant remodeling project, and those We are long past the day when most bling aspect of Mr. Nixon's embattled presi­ close to the remodeling say a new one will of our leading politicians-and most dency: When the President goes anywhere, never be needed. often here in the House-are able to the placards and the shouts of "crook, crook" Aides talked about the way it once had rise from among the "common citizens," are never far behind. been when President Nixon's administration More and more, within the White House, seemed bright with promise. Others made yet we still grandly expound that ideal. there is talk of "The Scenario." These words jokes about "future President Ford." And as long as unlimited private financ­ are the code words used to describe the meth­ Few are yet convinced that Mr. Nixon will ing of elections-no matter how strin­ od by which Mr. Nixon will leave the office, resign. Many talk vaguely of· him not finish­ gent the reporting or restriction laws­ as in the sentence: "I do not now see The ing his term but are unwilling to speculate remains the foundation of our electoral Scenario for impeachment." on the method of his removal. Some believe process, the goal of a democratic system This last sentence and many like them that the subject must never be discussed or of government will be thwarted. vaguely accept the premise that Mr. Nixon the possib111ty of impeachment admitted. I have studied the various public may indeed leave office before his term Mr. Nixon can still be warm and even witty finishes. No one will say how or when, but it in person, as he was last month at a private financing proposals before Congress and has not escaped the attention of White House party in Washington for his physician, Walter discovered that although many of them aides that Mr. Nixon says he will remain in Tkach. He is stm capable, aides say, of be­ aim for increased Federal funding, none office as long as he is "physically able." having like the self-styled "coolest man in goes all the way to eliminate completely There is no reason to suspect that his the room" when he is discussing foreign pol­ direct private contributions and to have health is poor, and there has been no recur­ icy with Henry Kissinger. But he is a man the Federal Government underwrite all rence of pneumonia which forced him to the under pressure in the crucible of the White campaigns. That dual objective is met hospital for nine days last July. But Mr. House. The picture painted by those close to in the Federal Election Finance Act. Nixon abruptly canceled his annual physical him who are willing to talk about it is of a examination in December, and he has not private person surrounded by adversaries. He Ir.. brief the measure: rescheduled it. The question is a daily staple is depicted as constantly restless and increas­ Establishes a NaJtional Election Fi­ at White House briefings, and it is always ingly troubled. nance CommisEion of seven members ap­ turned aside by spokesmen. "Anyone would be troubled, really if he pointed by the President and confirmed Those who have seen Mr. Nixon closely say couldn't go out anywhere without attracting by the Senate. Commission members that he was often ill at ease during his re­ hostile pickets and impeachment signs," said serve 6-year terms; each political party cent 18-day stay in San Clemente but they one aide. "Nobody likes to hear himself called is limited to two members on the Com­ blame it on the stormy, windy weather that a crook, least of all the President of the plagued the trip. United States." mission. The Commission would serve as Both White House aides and the reporters the single, central repository for all cam­ covering the President are as superstitious as paign reports. Commission powers would ball players about the weather. It is a per­ be to: sistent belief in the presidential entourage Prescribe rules and regulations for all that Mr. Nixon is hexed by stormy weather. FEDERAL ELECTION FINANCE ACT: Federal electior. campaigns; The weekends in 1973 are recalled when the FULL FEDERAL FUNDING, PRI­ Regulate dispersal of campaign funds; President was stormed on in San Clemente VATE CONTRffiUTIONS BANNED C.Jnduct investigations, subpena wit­ and in Key Biscayne while the alternative sites were enjoying the balmiest weather. nesses, compel evidence, initiate court It was no dlft'erent the last time. The worst HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS actions against violators and impose civil storm in a century and the highest tides in OF CALIFORNIA penn.lties of up to $10,000 for each viola­ 300 years battered Mr. Nixon's oceanside vma IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of the act. for seven days. The skies cleared and the Establish within the Treasury a spe­ waters calmed when the President left in a Wednesday, January 30, 1974 cial Election Campaign Finance Fund for motorcade for the greater isolation of the Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, the lack the control of the funds. Annenberg estate in Palm Desert. But Mr. Nixon's problems are worse than of an effective Federal campaign :finance Establishes eligibility requirements for the weather. Even in less troubled times he law did not cause Watergate, but the candidates: liked to play the piano in the middle of the sordid mess of the past year and a half Major party candidates may receive 50 night, and he has always possessed a restless certainly points out that American pol­ percent of the allocated disbursement driven intelligence that makes sleep difficult. itics are virtually controlled by the flow after depositing with the Commission There ls a persistent belief at the White of money. funds equal to 10 percent of the total House that sleep has become even more diffi­ To remedy that situation I have in­ entitlement; upon receipt of an addi­ cult. Mr. Nixon's Jetstar flight back to troduced the Federal Election Finance tional 10 percent, the candidates gets Washington was made in the middle of the Act-H.R. 12157-a bill which pro­ the remaining 50 percent; night, although the plane had been waiting vides for full public funding of all Fed­ Candidates without major party back­ for him all day at Edwards Air Force Base. eral election campaigns. "What's the difference," said an aide. ''He ing can receive their funds by two proc­ wasn't going to sleep anyway; he might as I do not consider sacrosanct the con­ esses-the system described above for well not sleep on the plane." cept that the right to give unlimited majcr party candidates, or by transmit­ Officially, all of the above is steadfastly campaign contributions is basic to our ting to the Commission signatures of 20 denied. An aide who recalled that Mr. Nixon democratic system. To me, claims that percent of the registered voters who re­ had said he would remain in otnce as long as the $10 donor is treated the same as the side in the geographi~al area in which physically able was pressed on the issue by $10,000 contributor are hypocritical. The the election is held; January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1517 ( Eligibility contributions are limited to proposed act does contain a stringent afraid to take him. We owed doctors so much oversight provision which mandates that already. We owed everybody. $10; personal contributions by a candi­ I unconsciously reached for the worn Bible date and relatives for the candidate's candidates must report to the Commis­ near the bed. As a child I had always caiTied own expenses are completely prohibited, sion not later than 30 days after the the Bible with me to Sunday school. The as are all other private contributions, election an accounting of how funds pages fell open and little golden stars glit­ other than those for the eligibility de­ were spent. tered in the !Iloonlight. I smiled. They were posit. A list of contributors to the secu­ "It's undemocratic." Nonsense. What pasted there by my teacher, next to each rity deposit must be submitted to the really is undemocratic is the current verse I had memorized. Commission; if a candidate receives less election financing system. This proposal The book had opened to the Psalms. I gives all oitizens an equal chance to run switched on the bedside light and began read­ than half ·~he eligibility deposit total, ing. "Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine by those funds are turned over to the Com­ for office. the sides of thine house; thy children like mission, which then returns them to the And, finally, "it's biased against in­ olive plants round about thy table." "My contributors Contributions by political cumbents." Possibly, because it would help cometh from the Lord which made committees and all subsidiaries and affil­ force incumbents to get out among heaven and earth." iates within the scope of political com­ their constituents more often in order to Even though I'd memorized those verses mittees are completely prohibited. raise the eligibility deposit, but is that years ago it now seemed as if the Lord Him­ Sets expenditure levels for respective so bad? self were saying them to me. I bowed .,JnY individual campaigns: I am convinced that our Nation can­ head, and the bitterness seemed to drain not afford-both literally and figurative­ · from me. I realized I had been looking to my For the House of Representatives, husband for everything. Now I looked to God. $125,000-$50,000 for primary or run­ ly-any longer the current inequities The days that followed were like a blue off, when held; $75,000 for the general and problems of the existing Federal sky following a rain squall. It was the dif­ election; election funding system. The Federal ference in my attitude. Our shack had be­ For the Senate, $350,000-$150,000 for Election Finance Act would be the best come a home. the primary or run-off; $200,000 for the answer to those problems, and I urge Tremember stepping out on our raggedy general election; my colleagues to give serious considera­ porch early one evening to watch the clouds. For the Presidency, $20 million-$7 tion to this proposal. My uncle came by, looked up and called, "Child, if I didn't know you, I'd say you were million for primaries, $13 million for the drunk." general election. "Uncle," I said smiling, "I've just decided When a candidate is not involved in JULIET KING to be somebody." a primary or run -off election, or in He stopped. "How's that?" States where there are no primaries or "I've been asking God and He is going to runoffs, candidates will only receive HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN help me." He laughed and shook his head. funds allotted for general elections. OF ILLINOIS I got to thinking about what I could do In addition to the campaign finance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES best. All the folks praised my cooking. In provisions, the Federal Election Finance Wednesday, January 30, 1974 school I had studied commercial catering. My Act contains major reforms of the sub­ sister worked for a. doctor. His family needed sidized political mailing and media Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, Juliet King a cook, so I applied and was hired. One eve­ availability regulations. Candidates is the mother of 10 children, a wife tak­ ning just as I was getting dinner on their ing care of a handicapped husband, and table, Aunt Florence, who looked after my would be provided a specified number of children while I worked, telephoned. "Honey, low cost political mailings, in both pri­ a domestic worker in Joliet, Dl., my you'd better come home; Jeffery is sick." mary and general elections. Presidential hometown. The doctor overheard and said, "Don't candidates would all receive 10 half­ She is also an outstanding vocalist who worry. I'll go look after your boy." From hour blocks of low cost guaranteed tele­ has earned the acclaim of thousands as then on he took care of all our medical vision time. a result of her concert performances needs. As for possible objections to this throughout America and all over the I worked hard--cooking, cleaning and system: world. scrubbing. It was good being able to help "It is too expensive." Too expensive My purpose today, however, is not to fill my family's needs, since we now had recite a tale of the sadness of poverty, ten children. compared to what? My calculations Sometimes I'd get discouraged. Then I'd show that even under the worst of all nor to celebrate a musical talent. The just think about that woman who touched possible conditions-in this estimate, 5 point of my comments, rather, is to tell the hem of Jesus's garment. He said, "Your primary and 2 general contenders for all the truly inspirational story of one wom­ faith has made you whole." And I had faith. 439 House seats; 5 primary and 2 gen­ an's faith and determination. With every As I worked I'd keep looking up to Him eral election opponents for one-third of excuse for giving up, Juliet King made and it got to be like we were having con­ the Senate who are up for election every stumbling blocks into stepping stones and versations. One day I asked, "Lord, I Wish bitterness into betterment. there was something I could do that would 2 years; and 3 Presidential candidates-­ give me pleasure." ! calculate that per capita annual cost An abiding religious faith was her driv­ Inside me welled this strong desire to sing. would be around 60 cents. Add on ad­ ing force and constant companion. Her When I was small, mama. had encouraged ministrative costs and that figure would story of courage has been published in my love of music. And a. lady came to teach be around 70 cents. Seventy cents a year the February issue of Guideposts. I am me on our old parlor organ at 50 cents a is not expensive by any possible placing this story in the REcORD for all lesson. When I told Charles about my desire, measure. to admire: be laughed me to shame. "It is too cumbersome." True, this is SoMETHING TO SING ABOUT-WHAT CO'ULD THE But my first evening off from work I went not the easiest method because it forces FuTuRE HOLD FOR A DOMESTIC WORKER to Joilet Musical College. I had heard of a potential candidates to gamer massive WITH 10 CHILDREN AND A HANDICAPPED voice teacher there, Lucille Gowey. She asked HU'SBAND? me to sing something. I stood there and community support before they are eli­ sang Deep River. When I finished, she gave gible for funding, but I question whether (By Juliet King) me a. strange look. Inside I shriveled. the imposition of requiring broad sup­ I don't know what I would've done that Months later I learned that when she got port will deter any interested citizens night 21 years ago if it hadn't been for the home that night, she told her father, "I have from becoming candidates. little golden stars. I had got out of bed to found a. voice." If a potential candidate cannot find check the potbellied stove that heated our Miss Gowey kept her studio open for me 20,000 backers either to sign a petition four-room shack. at night twice a. week so I could study under I threw in some chunks of railroad coal, her. I paid $1.50 a. lesson. But Charles was or contribute $10, then that candidate went back into the bedroom and sat on the has no chance of winning anyway, since side of the bed. The soft sighing of my five having difficulty finding work and I owed sleeping children blended with the heavier Miss Gowey $83. I was horrified. But she in· my research indicates that no primary sisted that I come back. "People have helped candidate for the House has won with breathing of my husband. He tossed and mur­ mured. Charles was a. construction worker, me," she said. "I'll help you." She wouldn't less than 30,000 votes in recent years. weather permitting. And lately the weather let me give up. And any less stringent eligibility require­ had been all bad. Then tragedy struck. Out on a construc• ment might be an incentive for persons One of the boys coughed hoarsely and my tion site, my husband was injured and lost a to enter political races just to receive heart jumped. His cough was getting worse leg, God helped him through his misfortune, the cash allotment-even though the and that meant seeing a. doctor. But I was though money became even shorter. 1518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 After five years of voice lessons, Miss Gowey the "Father of Fetology" for developing from surgery to psychiatry to start with said it was time for me to sing in public. the intrauterine transfusion to treat un­ adult life and work backwards. And since I heard that Mount Olive Baptist Church born children afflicted with Rh disease. A the standard o! all that is normal in medi­ needed a strong soprano for their Easter sun­ fellow of the Royal College of Obstetri­ cine has been the fit young adult male, any rise service which was to be held in a ceme­ function in the baby which differs from this tery. I applied. I sang my first public solo cians and Gynecologists, Dr. Liley is the standard has been considered as immaturity, out among the tombstones. I'll never forget research professor in perinatal physiol­ and by inference inferiority. The net effect that morning sun breaking through the ogy at the postgraduate OB-GYN School has been to consider the foetus and neonate clouds as I sang Lift Up Your Heads. of the National Women's Hospital in as a poorly functioning adult rather than as Later I was invited to the Central Presby­ Auckland. a splendidly functioning baby. Neonatal terian Church where I have been soloist ever The paper presented by this eminent kidney function provides a ready example; since. The people at Central Presbyterian research scientist follows: for, by adult standards, the baby lacks the encouraged me to continue my studies under ability to concentrate urine. He handles a Professor Norman Gulbrandsen of North­ THE FOETUS IN CONTROL OF His ENVIRONMENT water load wen but p.annot cope with a western University. (By Albert W. Liley) large solute load, or least not unless he has Friends at Central Presbyterian and other My subject, the foetus in control of his en­ plenty of water to handle it with. Both be­ Joliet people helped with scholarship funds. vironment, is concerned not primarily with fore and after birth the baby lives on a diet I began giving concerts at the church. And I the pronouncement of a few facts which are with a very high water content which he still kept up my domestic work. easily come by and soon forgotten but with must convert to relatively anhydrous tissue. Concert offers began coming in from other the more difficult task of presenting a con­ From an osmometric point of view he lives parts of the country. I sang at the American cept--that the foetus is not a passive, de­ in constant danger of drowning, but his Baptist Convention and at the National Con­ pendent, nerveless, fragile vegetable, as tradi­ asymmetric kidney function is prceisely what vention of Church Women United. tion has held, but a young human being, he needs to cope with this situation. It is Last summer I went on a European con­ dynamic, plastic, resilient and in very large only misguided adults who embarrass this cert tour. It was wonderful to sing in such measure in charge of his environment and function by falling to give artificially fed places as Westminster Abbey. But I most en­ destiny. The traditional attitude is under­ babies additional fluid in situations of high joyed singing for American boys at the big standable because for many centuries the water loss-for instance, heat waves. Left Army bases in Germany, for I had five sons only serious students of the foetus were ac­ to himself, on demand feeding, the baby in service. couchers and embryologists. The accoucher would not get into this plight. We do not At the end of the tour we were visiting was concerned primarily with mechanical regard the foetal cardiovascular system as Brussels and a friend took me to an interest­ problems in delivery, so that the only aspects one big heap of congenital defects, but rather ing little church. Inside, the sounds of the of the foetus which mattered were the pre­ as a system entirely appropriate to his cir­ street were muted; candles glowed before senting part and its diameters in relation to cumstances, and there is little reason to the altar. I felt a warmth, a close presence the diameters of the birth canal. For proof of regard his "immature" kidney function in of God, and I sank to my knees, feeling un­ this contention we need only reflect that, any different light. worthy of all He had bestowed on me. apart from Semmelweis, the great and famous The foetus lives in a very warm and very Suddenly the years flew back and once in obstetrics are those who worked out better wet environment. He is neither in stupor nor again I was sitting on my bed talking with ways of delivering breeches or posteriors, bet­ hypoxic coma. By electroencephalographic Him. The candles filckered and as I looked ter ways to design and use forceps or how to studies he shows cyclical activity, the lighter up at them, my eyes misted and the flames do caesarean sections. No one can deny the periods of which correspond in the neonate seemed to become golden stars. tremendous benefits conferred on humanity with a drowsy wakefulness from which he is by these men, but their work left untouched readily aroused by external stimuli. He is dis­ the whole of foetal life and de·velopment. The turbed by flashing lights on the abdominal embryologist studied dead, static tissue and wall and responds to sound, human voices in­ FETUS IS DOMINANT PARTNER attempted to deduce function from struc­ cluded, from as early as twenty-five weeks. ture-no easy task when we remember that He is aware of pain and discomfort. The HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO there are physicians still practising today who foetus responds with violent movement to recall being told as medical students that the needle puncture and the intramuscular or in­ OF NEW YORK pituitary gland was a vestigial structure with traperitoneal injection of cold or hypertonic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no known function. The embryologist's wild­ solutions. Although we would accept that est surmises fell short of the dynamic real­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 these stimuli are painful for adults and chil­ ities of foetal life. But in the meant ime, the dren and, to judge from his behavior, pain­ Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. attitude had become fixed; that apart from ful for the neonate, we are not entitled to Speaker, there has been much debate re­ some aimless kicking which began in the assert that the foetus feels pain. It would fifth month, the foetus was a placid, depend­ seem prudent to consider at least the pos­ cently as to whether a fetus in the womb ent creature who developed quietly in prep­ has the same rights as any other human sibility that birth is a painful experience for aration for a life that started at birth. a baby. Radiological observation shows foet al being. Indeed, proponents of abortion The legacies of this attitude are not hard limbs flailing during contractions, and if one would have us believe that the fetus is not to find. Birth is the crowning achievement of attempts to reproduce in the neonate by a live human being at all. They say that motherhood. Women speak of their waters man ual compression a mere fraction of the a woman should have the right to con­ breaking or their membranes rupturing, cranial deformat ion that may occur in the trol her own body, but lose sight of the when they really belong to the foetus. The course of a single contraction, the baby pro­ biological fact that it is the fetus, not deep symbolism attached to cutting the cord, tests violently. the woman, that is firmly in control separating the baby from his mother, is en­ It is the purposeful search for comfort tirely lost when it is realized that cutting the which determines foetal position in utero. throughout the pregnancy. In the fol­ cord really means simply separating the baby Getting comfortable presents little problem lowing paper, presented before the Royal from his own organ, the placenta, which he in the first half of pregnancy when he is rel­ Australasian College of Physicians, Dr. no longer needs. We could dismiss these mis­ atively small and in a globular cavity. He Albert W. Liley, of New Zealand, reveals conceptions as harmless folklore but for some has no position of stability and moves freely the 'fetus as the dominant partner in the rather sinister infiltration of these ideas into and rapidly. Occasionally these conditions relationship. He describes how the un­ the law. By legal definition the baby only ac­ still prevail in late pregnancy, for instance in quires proper status as a member of the hu­ the presence of polyhydramnios or with the born child independently dominates man race when, inter alia, the cord is severed among other things, fetal position, amni­ uterine cavity truncated by a placenta prae­ and he has independent circulation, a re­ via or fundal placenta. Normally in the sec­ otic fluid regulation, maternal body quirement which sublimely ignores the fact ond half of pregnancy the uterus is no longer function, immunological success, and the that he has had an independent circulation globular but ovoid, with the lower pole nar·· initiation of labor. · for the whole pregnancy. rower, and the foetus elongates more rapidly The proabortionists also confuse the We may feel that we have outgrown these than the uterus. However, amniotic fluid issue by trying to convince us that de­ fallacies, but the terminology and the view­ volume reaches a maximum at 28-32 weeks, nominational religious considerations are point stubbornly prevail. The sebaceous re­ and up to this time the foetus, although now the prime motivation against abortion. tention cysts and witch's milk of the neonate, normally restricted to a longitudinal lie, i3 Nothing could be further from the truth. the labial development and withdrawal by no means cramped or under any obliga­ Dr. Liley makes a scientific, not religious, bleeding of the baby girl are explained in tion to lie well-flexed. As amniotic fluid a dozen textbooks as the effects on the foe­ volume diminishes from 32 weeks to term, argument and demonstrates that the tus of exposure to high levels of maternal comfort becomes more difilcult to achieve. If fetus has an independent life in control hormones, when really it is the mother who the foetus elects to flex his legs at the knees. of the prenatal environment. Science and is exposed to high levels of foetal hormones. he will fit in best as a cephalic presentation. ethics are not incompatible. Lest anyone Because the medicine of adults preceded since his head forms a smaller pole than his doubt his scientific qualifications, Dr. the medicine of the infant, neonate and back, thighs, calves and feet. If, however, he Liley is known throughout the world as foetus a tendency has grown up in fields elects to extend his legs at the knees, then January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1519 he will usually be most comfortable as a been a stranger to hunger before birth. the conceptus can grow in sites other than breech, since his tapering lower trunk and Have we perhaps a clue to the poly­ the uterus-for instance, tube or peritoneum. thighs form a smaller pole than his head, hydramnios of the pregnancy in the dia­ There is no evidence of any but the feeblest calves and feet. Variations of uterine contour, betic mother or the oligohydramnios of weakening of immunological reactivity in the abnormal size or location of the placenta. toxaemic pregnancy? mother during pregnancy. On the other and the presence of another foetus may all The foetus has much greater ambitions, hand, we cannot plead the old parrot cry present further challenges to comfort and in­ however, than simply the control of his im­ of immaturity in the foetus. It is now known genuity and result in stable malprese~ta­ mediate confines. For the duration of preg­ that transplantation antigens appear very tions. nancy he rules his mother's body, for it is early in embryonic life and that the human Foetal position, whether he lies with his the foetus who induces all the changes foetus is immunologically competent by at back anterior, posterior or lateral, is deter­ which make his mother a suitable host for least as early as 12-14 weeks, so that clearly min ed by other influences, notably the tone him. From soon after conception, neither the homograft problem is a two-way affair. of t he mother's uterine and abdominal wall, maternal pituitary nor ovaries are necessary Nevertheless it is a component of the foetus the shape of the maternal lumbar lordosis for successful pregnancy; the newly con­ which ensures the immunological success of and changes in maternal position, Braxton­ ceived supplies all the hormones necessary pregnancy. This component is the tro­ Hicks' contractions and external palpation, for maintenance of the decidua. The effects phoblast, which not only forms a continuous all disturb the foetus and may provoke him of foetal rule are seen most strikingly in barrier between the circulations of mother to seek a new position of comfort. He pur­ changes of maternal excretory function. It is and foetus but also fails to express any posefully seeks to evade the sustained pres­ progesterone produced 'hy the conceptus transplantation antigens itself. The tro­ sure of a phonendoscope of knuckle on which induces the hyperventilation and phoblast acts as an immunological barrier prominences. mild respiratory alkalosis of pregnancy. or buffer between mother and foetus so that Although the very early embryo develops Since the foetus lacks external surface of each is completely indifferent not only to in flexion, beyond this stage there is little his own for heat dissipation, he must use the transplantation antigens of the other but evidence to justify the traditional assump­ his mother's skin as a radiator. The expan­ even to a specific sensitivity of the other tion that flexion is fundamental in foetal sion of the mother's plasma volume neces­ against its own antigens. musculoskeletal development. In midpreg­ sary for vasodilation and a high skin cir­ Throughout pregnancy it is the mother, nancy, with plenty of room, the foetus can culation is induced by oestrogen made by not the foetus, who 1s passive and dependent. move as he pleases. Nearly buoyant and with the foetus. Changes in maternal kidney Therefore it might be fitting if we could intervertebral discs virtually synovial joints, function are the least satisfactorily ex­ ascribe to the mother a. positive role in end­ he can assume postures difficult or imposible plained, although in part at least the dilu­ ing pregnancy, in initiating labor, just as she for the child or adult. In late pregnancy, tion of plasma protein contributes to the had a positive role originally in allowing con­ when the foetus elongates more than the increased glomerular filtration and the fall ception. Older theories generously gave the uterus, he must fold to fit in. Commonly the in haematrocrit to the increased renal mother this privilege, but one by one these attitude is again one of flexion, but some­ plasma flow. theories have been found inadequate. The times he elects to lie with neck, limbs, or These changes, induced by the foetus, in idea that labor is an eventual immunological trunk entended, and sometimes grossly maternal excretory function appear some­ rejection of the foetus fails to explain labor hyperextended, a preference he continues to what extravagant and overdone. They are in isogenic strains. Theories invoking cervi­ express as his position of comfort after birth well establlshed before the conceptus is of cal distension cannot explain labor with if nursed naked in a warm environment. any significant metaboltc size, and even at transverse lies. Uterine distension appears The realization that the foetus himselt peak foetal excretory demand greatly exceeds plausible 1n view of the premature labors determines the way he will present in labor his needs. On the other hand, from the With polyhydramnios and multiple preg­ by making the best he can of the space and mother's point of view the additional renal nancy but founders badly on advanced extra­ shape available to him puts the practice of osmotic work required is quite modest, just uterine pregnancies where "false" labor 1s version in new perspective, and nowadays as the 2Q-25% increase in cardiac output is a common presenting symptom. Despite the fewer obstetricians assume that they know quite modest in comparison with effects of fact that oxytocin infusion may produce an better than the foetus how he will be most even mild exercise. Traditionally, pregnancy excellent clinical labor, theories involving comfortable. Of course, in selecting a posi­ has been considered a time of metabolic maternal oxytocin and oxytocina.se are be· tion of comfort in late pregnancy, the foetus stress, of increased metabolic rate for the coming harder to accept with an increasing may have chosen a position which is mother's body. In fact there is little evidence body of evidence that oxytocin has little if hazardous or impossible for vaginal delivery. to justify this view. The measured increase any part in spontaneous labor. The possibil­ In this regard he may be said to lack fore­ in oxygen consumption in pregnancy is ity that it was the foetus who determined sight, but this is a trait not unknown in neatly accounted for by foetal oxygen con­ when labor should start was inherent in adults. sumption, a state of affairs mirrored by the theories of hormone, especially progesterone, The foetus is responsible for the regula­ increase in maternal haemoglobin mass, withdrawal, for it is the foetus who makes tion of his own amniotic fluid volume. The which both in time and magnitude matches the hormones. However, the role of the foe­ foetus does not need his kidneys to regulate foetal growth and oxygen consumption. tus has been made even more unequivocal his body water and electrolytes, his placenta Mother's personal oxygen consumption in by the studies in foetal surgery and endoc­ handling this task; but he does need his pregnancy is virtually unaltered; and since rinology of my colleague, Dr. G. C. Liggins. kidneys for maintenance of amniotic fluid certain structures, notably uterus and His work may be summarized very briefly­ volume. A patent and functional gastroin­ breasts, are metabolically more active, it fol­ no foetal pituitary, no labor! Stnce even intestinal tract 1s also required. That the lows then that other tissues must be less a hydratidifrom mole has a labor of sorts, foetus drinks his amniotic fluid is readily active. This quiescence is seen in the dimin­ it is evident that the natural tendency of demonstrated, and the rate of drinking ished muscle tonus, the diminished periph­ a uterus to expel any object distending it averages out at about 25ml per hour. Foetal eral thyroid activity and the relative insulin provides a. backstop, but it appears inesca­ swallowing is important because it appears resistance of pregnancy. In summary, the pable that normally the onset of labor is to be the major, if not the only, signl.flcant foetus organizes his mother so that she a unilateral declaration of independence by route by which the osmotically active col­ shows an increased acquisition of nutrients, the foetus. This conclusion puts concepts loids of amniotic fluid can be removed. some increase in storage, notably fat and of term and postmaturity in new perspective The foetal swallowing regulates amniotic possibly calcium, and a general metabolic and suggests that in deciding on induction fluid volume raises the question of what quiescence so that nutrients are deflected of labor the obstetrician should have good regulates foetal swallowing. Whereas foetal for foetal needs. reason to believe that he knows better than micturition does not contribute to foetal Another type of foetal control, and perhaps the baby when it should be born. hydration, foetal swallowing does appear to his most dazzling achievement, is seen in his command of a parabiotic situation. In These five topics I have discussed-foetal contribute to foetal nutrition, for babies poS'ition, amniotic fluid regulation, maternal who cannot swallow amniotic :fluid (e.g. in an outbred population, mother and foetus body function, the homograft situation and oesophageal or duodenal atresia) are are inevitably immunological foreigners, and yet for successful pregnancy they must be the initiation of labor--demonstrate the smaller, maturity for maturity, than nor­ physiological dominance of the foetus in mal babies. This evidence raises the pos­ made to accept each other as mutual homo­ grafts. (The baby 1s immunologically foreign pregnancy. The list of topics could be ex­ sibility that foetal hunger in fact regulates panded, but always the conclusion ls the foetal swallowing. Traditionally it has been to the mother as the frequently rejected heart transplant is immunologically foreign same-it is the foetus who is in charge of considered that hunger is a powerful and the pregnancy. This of course 1s not news brand-new experience for the baby after to the recipient.) The magnitude of this homograft problem and a measure of its to any woman with an unplanned pregnancy, birth, and that before birth an obliging but it is a. relatively new concept in obste­ mother and faithful placenta have supplied successful solution is the fact that it is tric physiology and the implications are all baby's needs. But does the foetus really quite possible for a woman to bear more far-reaching. No longer can we accept the live in a metabolic Nirvana.? We know that than her own bodyweight of babies during foetus as a placild vegetable, growing struc­ fluctuations in maternal blood-sugar levels her reproductive career. Early explanations tures and maturing in blind anticipation and many other substances are reflected of this mutual acceptance of a homograft of a life to begin at birth. Instead, from as transpla.centally, and the sight of babies attempted to give the mother credit for the early as we can re~gntze, development of who have been malnourished in utero makes performance. However, the uterus is certainly structure and development of function go it diftlcult to believe that the foetus has not an immunologioally privileged site, and hand in hand. 1520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 The foetal visual machinery is bombarded appropriate to consider the adult as a poorly America in Congress assembled, That the by and responds to photons; it has been functioning foetus than the foetus as a Congress hereby finds that- shown that flashing lights applied to the poorly functioning adult. {1) there are many products and mate­ maternal abdominal wall produce fluctua­ In antenatal education the effect of ani­ rials which, after they have been used or tions in the foetal heart rate. The foetal mating the foetus is most dramatic. Fascina­ damaged, are discarded or scrapped as waste auditory system is bombarded by and re­ tion with foetal development and life not matter; sponds to sound; sudden noise in a quiet only takes a mother's mind off all the minor {2) the accumulation of this waste matter room startles the foetus lined up under an miseries of pregnancy but, most important, presents a danger to the health and welfare image intensifier. Although we do not know leads parents to accept that the baby is not of the citizens of the United States; if the flavor and taste of amniotic fluid vary a by-product of pregnancy but the end­ (3) many products and materials (other­ much, the great Dutch obstetrician de Snoo product; in fact, he is the pregnancy, and wise discarded as waste matter) could be demonstrated that the foetus drinks more yet the one party who did no~ enter into the recovered and reused as the raw material for amniotic fluid it it is sweetened with sac­ arrangement by choice. new products and materials; charin. Conversely the foetus swallows very Not all of us will live to be old, but we were ( 4) such recovery and reuse of such waste little if the amniotic fluid is injected with each once a foetus. We had some engaging matter will abate the noxious and dangerous the contrast medium, Lipiodol-an iodinated qualities which unfortunately we lost as we accumulation of such waste matter and will poppy-seed oil which tastes foul to an adult grew older. We were supple and physically aid in the effort to conserve our scarce nat­ or child and which causes a neonate to active. We were not prone to disc lesions and ural resources; and grimace and cry. Because the foetus often were not obese. Our most depraved vice was ( 5) the Federal Government has the re­ lies with his face in close proximity to his thumbsucking, and the worst consequence sponsibiilty to lead in the effort to utilize hands and feet, it is not uncommon in ob­ of drinking liquor was hiccups. We ruled our recycled material by procuring, using, and stetric radiology to detect the foetus sucking mothers with a serene emciency which our recycling, to the greatest extent possible, thumbs, fingers or toes, and thumb-sucking fathers could not hope to emulate. Our main those products and materials which have, as has been photographed as early as nine handicap in a world of adults was that we part of their composition, recycled or recy­ weeks. The foetal larynx works at its pri­ were small, naked, ;nameless and voiceless. clable material. mary phylogenetic task as a respiratory tract But surely if any of us count for anything SEc. 2. The Secretary of the Interior, sphincter. All the foetal endocrine glands now, we counted for something before we through the Bureau of Mines, and the Ad­ have their task in utero. The foetal gonads were born. ministrator of General Services are author­ might appear exceptions, and certainly the ized and directed to jointly conduct a full foetal ovary awaits an assignment, but the and complete study of ( 1) which products foetal testis is necessary for male sex differ­ REUSABLE RESOURCE STUDY ACT and materials procured or used by the de­ entiation. It is true of course that the task OF 1974 partments, agencies, or instrumentalities of some foetal structures perform is not the the Federal Government could be required same and/or not for the same purpose as to have, as part of their composition, re­ they will have after birth. Particular exam­ HON. BURT L. TALCOTT cycled and recyclable material while meeting ples are the adrenal glands, which produce OF CALIFORNIA the use specifications of such departments, la.tge quantities of estrogen precursor !or agencies, or instrumentalities, and (2) the the placenta and the liver, which for much of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES feasibility of recycling wastepaper from all pregnancy is a major haemopoietic organ. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Federal omces. For the purposes of this study, These multifarious activities of the foetus wastepaper means any paper which (A) has challenge the obstetric physiologist because Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, our Na­ served the purpose for which it was orig­ clearly we cannot understand the physiology tion is inconvenienced by fuel shortages, inally manufactured, (B) has been scra.pped of pregnancy if we remain in ignorance of the and threatened with a food shortfall. or otherwise discarded as an element of solid physiology of the dominant partner in this Possible shortages in other areas can be waste, and (C) can be recovered in whole or relationship, the foetus. Just as nowadays we prevented by thoughtful Federal legisla­ in part and reprocessed into a new raw mate­ would maintain that the responsibilities of tion. Recycling of waste material and re­ rial used 1n the manufacturing process of the obstetrician may start before conception, new paper. so we would maintain that the responsibil­ turning it to the economy-returning SEc. 3. (a) The Secretary of the Interior ties of the pediatrician may start before ovaste into a usable resource-and thereby and the Administrator of General Services, birth-that no longer should pediatricians alleviating some of the drain on our en­ in carrying out the joint study under accept with a resigned fwta.lism what time, vironment and natural resources is just this Act, are authorized to secure di­ intra-uterine life and the obstetrician pre­ such amove. rectly from any executive department, bu­ sent them with at birth--or, worse still, Legislation which I have introduced reau, agency, board, commission, omce, in­ forty-eight hours after birth. The list of would determine what materials can and dependent establishment, or instrumentality foetal maladies which can be dignosed and of the Federal Government any information, managed in one way or another grows stead­ should be recycled and what products suggestions, estimates, and statistics !or the ily. Indeed in some conditions we can accu­ should be composed of recycled materials. purposes of this Act, and each such depart­ rately diagnose and hopefully treat the foetus A committee would be established to ment, bureau, agency, board, commission, of­ as a patient as early as seventeen weeks, a study the Federal Government's capacity fice establishment, or instrumentality is au­ time when the reformers of abortion law for using recycled materials. thorized and directed, to the extent per­ would cheerfully maintain that he is not The bill is limited to Government use mitted by law, to furnish such information, yet human. Nowadays, apart from parents, it of materials for two reasons. First, it suggestions, estimates, and statistics directly is only lawyers, administrators and astrol­ to the Secretary and the Administrator, ogists who attach any significance to the will allow a comprehensive study to be upon their joint request. date on which we were born. From a medical accomplished within a reasonable time (b) For the purposes of securing the standpoint we are looking after the same with minimum expense. Second, the find­ necessary scientific data and information the person before and after birth, and it may be ings of this experimental study can be Secretary and the Administrator may jointly entirely fortuitous whether he be bOrn under applied to many other facets of our econ­ make contracts with universities, research Capricorn or Pisces. omy. institutions, foundations, laboratories, and There is room !or practitioners o! adult Mr. Speaker, we can no longer look other competent public or private agencies medicine to show a little more respect !or to conduct research into the various aspects pregnancy and its master, the foetus. We only at our natural resources to provide of the problem of using products and mate­ should reserve the right to consider heart us with all the materials we need. We can rials which have, as part of their composi­ disease as a complication o! pregnancy rather only "go to the well" so often before it tion, recycled and recyclable materia.l. For than take the medical textbook View that runs dry. Our ingenuity must now be such purposes the Secretary and the Admin­ pregnancy is a complication of heart disease. tested to help us carry on and maintain istrator are authorized to obtain the services Recently, a surgeon friend of mine remarked our present levels of consumption; my of experts and consultants in accordance how fortunate we were at National Women's bill recognizes this necessity. Govern­ with section 3109 of title 6 of the United Hospital in that we dealt with expendable ment has a responsibility to lead the way. States Code. organs. But these expendable organs are the SEc. 4. The Secretary of the Interior and means of creating a new human being, the Mr. Speaker, the text of my bill the Administrator of General Services shall greatest responsib111ty and the only immor­ follows: report to the Congress, . from time to time, tality most of us w111 ever know. Not only H.R. 12370 the findings and results of the study con­ the obstetrician and immunologist have A bUl to authorize and direct the Secretary ducted under this Act. The final report shall something to learn from the foetus. He heals of the Intertor and the Administrator of be made on or before the expiration of the fractures much more readily than adults, General Services to conduct a study re­ twelve-calendar-month period following the shows a much more prompt and emcient lating to the procurement and use by the date of enactment of this Act. Such final re­ haematological response to haemorrhage Federal Government of products manu­ port shall include the findings and results of than adults, and his abillty to heal experi­ factured from recycled materials the study, and specifically- mental burns would be the envy of a plastic Be ft enacted by the Se114te and House ( 1) recommendations as to the necessary surgeon. In many resp~cts it would be more of Representatives of the Untted States of and proper legislative, administrative, or January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1521 other actions that should be taken in order American industries are continuing to MURDER BY HANDGUN: THE CASE to insure that the departments, agencies, enable the Soviets to build their military FOR GUN CONTROL-NO. 66 and instrumentalities of the Federal Gov­ might as I have continued point out ernment procure and use (whenever pos­ to sible) products and materials which have, as in numerous speeches in this House and part of their composition, recycled and re­ throughout the country. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON cyclable material; and It is suicidal for the American people OF MASSACHUSETTS (2) the feasibiUty, economically and to be subsidizing the U.S. Export-Import IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES otherwise, of recycling wastepaper from all Bank while at the same time that insti­ Federal offices. tution subsidizes creditLi to the Soviet Wednesday, January 30, 1974 SEc. 5. (a) For the purposes of this Act, Union. For this reason I have cospon­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, last the term "recycled material" means any sored a sense of the Congress resolution November, before the House adjourned product or material completed for sale or use which has been scrapped, used, aamaged, which would deny loans, guarantees, in­ for 1973, the Boston Globe published an or otherwise discarded; and- surance, or credits by the Eximbank article by Nathan Cobb describing Con­ ( 1) recovered in whole or in part and re­ to the Soviet Union. The Eximbank gress' activities on gun control legisla­ used as all or part of the contents of any new should immediately cease and desist from tion. The article documents a largely material or product; or the granting of any further credits to futile effort by the pro-gun control Mem­ (2) the salvageable wastes or byproducts Moscow. At this point I include in the bers of Congress against the gun lobby, of post-consumer use which are recovered RECORD and article frorr.. the Journal of whose influence was strongly felt in and reused as all or part of the contents many congressional offices. of any new material or product. Commerce of January 21, 1974, entitled (b) As used m this Act, "recycled mate­ "Eximbank Grants More U.S.S.R. Cred­ In the second session of Congress, we rial' does not include any waste or byprod­ its." I also include in the RECORD the will again have the choice of ignoring uct that results from the production or text of the resolution that I cosponsored. or promoting responsible bills to control manufacture of goods intended for sale or EXIMBANK GRANTS MORE U.S.S.R. CREDITS handguns. If we do nothing to stop hand­ use. WASHINGTON, Jan. 20.-The Export-Import gun availability, 10,000 people will die SEc. 6. There is authorized to be appropri­ Bank has authorized four more credtts, total­ needlessly this year. Certainly, this fact ated such sum as may be necessary to carry ing $37.7 million, to the Soviet Union, to ought to be adequate incentive for strong out the provisions of this Act. help finance purchases of U.S. machine tools efforts to pass laws in this area. and other capital goods. The description of Maurir ~ Salvia's The loans bring to 10 the number o:t death, from the January 1, t974, New credits extended by Eximbank to the Soviet Foreign Trade Bank since last year. They York Times, is included belo 1, together FINANCING THE SOVIET UNION: U.S. total roughly $158 milllOJl. with the November 18, 1973, t,rticle from EX-IM BANK GIVES A HELPING The largest of the four new credits-$16.2 the Boston Globe: HAND million-will go for iron ore pell~t plant [From the New York Times, Jan. 11, 1974] equipment, to be su!Jplied by All1s.:.chalmers AUCTIONEER'S BUSINESS ASSOCIATE ACCUSED Corp., Milwaukee. The equipment, valued at OF FATALLY SHOOriNG HIM HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK $36 million, will be delivered starting the fourth quarter of this year. Private u.s. CAMDEN .-Joseph A. Kaplan, a 26-year-old OF OHIO sources are expected to lend an additional Israeli citizen, was arrested on murder IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $16.2 million to the Soviet bank for the charges this morning in the fatal shooting last week of Maurice Salvia, an Atlantic Wednesday, January 30, 1974 project. An $11.8 mllllon Eximbank loan will help City Boardwalk auctioneer for whom he Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, while finance sales by International Harvester Ex­ worked as a chauffeur. port Co., San D!ego, of gas reinjection com­ The shooting occurred, the pollee said, the U.S. House of Representatives has on the night of Jan. 2 in Mr. Salvia's home passed legislation prohibiting credits to pressors to the Soviet OU Ministry. Wells Fargo Bank, San Francisco, will also extend in Cherry Hlll. Mr. Kaplan had lived with the Soviet Union, the U.S. Export-Import an $11.8 mlll1on loan. the Salvia family since September. Bank continues to grant credits at sub­ LaSalle Machine Tools, Warren, Mich., has He had been held by the Camden County sidized rates to the Soviets. The Journal sold $15 mllllon of transfer line equipment Prosecutor's office and the Cherry Hill town­ of Commerce of January 21, 1974, reports to the Soviet Union under a $7 million Exim­ ship police as a material witness in the kUl­ that the Ex-Im Bank has authorized bank loan, with the French-American Bank­ ing since last Thursday. four more credits totaling $37.7 million ing Corp., New York, providing another $7 The authorities said that Mr. Kaplan came mlll1on. The lines will be used for the manu­ to New York City from Israel two and a half for the Soviet Union. These credits will years ago with a work visa and had lived in help finance purchases of U.S. machine facture of truck engine pistons. A $2.7 mlll1on Eximbank credit, matched New York City before meeting Mr. Salvia and tools and other capital goods. by $2.7 million from the Franklin National moving in with the family. Mr. Kearns, the former President of Bank, New York, will finance the Soviet In addition to his chores as chauffeur, the the Ex-ImBank has previously expressed Union's purchase of $6 million of transfer police said, Mr. Kaplan was associated in the caution on the expanding granting of line equipment for machining friction drums auctioneering business with Mr. Salvia. credits to the Soviet Union. He has now for farm tractors. Jones and Lamson Co., In 1971, Mr. Salvia and Danni Marlon, 40, been joined by Mr. Malcolm R. Currie, Springfield, Vt., supplied the line. of Cherry Hill, were indicted on loan shark­ Director of Defense and Research Engi­ The loans are to be repaid over periods ing and extortion charges by Federal authori­ of seven to eight years, with grace periods ties. The Camden County Prosecutor's office neering in the Department of Defense, varying from 10 months to more than three said the Federal charges were pending. who states that: years. A 6 per cent interest rate will be ap­ A spokesman for the Prosecutor, Thomas J. He is very concerned about exports in high plied to all four credits. Shusted, said that Mr. Salvia, who was 31 technology areas which have both civilian and Mr. Kaplan, had been associated in an and military application. auctioneering operation in Atlantic City and H. RES.- at the Pennsauken Mall. Mr. Currie further states that: Resolved, That it is the sense of the House They [the Soviets] apparently see that they that, during the period pending considera­ (From the Boston Globe, Nov. 18, 1973] can neither close pivotal gaps in a mll1ta.ry tion and action by the Senate upon the blll STRONG U.S. HANDGUN CONTROLS STU.L FAR capability nor gaps in a general economic H.R. 10710, as introduced in the 1st Session FROM REALITY growth~omestically and worldwide-until of this Congress, cited as the "Trade Reform they acquire a manufacturing technology Act of 1973", and as amended and passed (By Nathan Cobb) comparable to ours. by the House, no loan, guarantee, insurance, The National Rifle Assn. (NRA) recently issued a call to arms. The Eximbank is enabling the So­ or credit shall be extended by the Export­ Import Bank of the United States to any "Face it," the organization warned its viets to close those pivotal gaps. There nonmarket economy country (other than members-"a gun law fight by '74" was lurk­ has been no evidence that such aid to ing on the horizon. any such country whose products are ellgi­ Considering the facts, this exhortation to the Soviets is in any way in the na­ ble for column 1 tariff treatment on the date tional interests of the United States. do battle with impending Federal gun con­ of the enactment of this resolution), and trol legislation seems almost to have been Rather, the evidence lies completely on no such country shall participate in any written as a joke. the other side. Aid to the Soviet Union, program of the Government of the United As the first session of the 93d Congress which has been miscalled trade, harms States which extends credits or credit draws to a close, substantially stronger Fed­ the.security and ir_terests of the. United guarantees or investmen-t guarantees, di­ eral laws pertaining to the possession of States. The U.S. Eximbank and many rectly or indirectly. handguns in the United States are perhaps 1522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 as far from becoming reality as they have which favors handgun registration but not munism." Mr. Lyons, of course. is famous been at any time. confiscation-the blame for lack of stronger In the Senate, three stiff handgun bills gun control legislation rests with the White for his books "Assignment in Utopia," have been in the Subcommittee on Juvenile House. "The Red Decade," and "Workers Para­ Delinquency since February. The chairman "The Administration has said it wlll send dise Lost." Although the booklet was of the committee, Sen. Birch E. Bayh (D­ up bills pertaining to 'Saturday night spe­ written nearly 7 years ago, its importance Ind.) has indicated he will not act on any cials' but it's never done so,'' Michael J. has grown as our aid and trade to the type of strong gun control laws because he Steinberg asserted this week. "It's got noth­ Communist nations have increased. prefers that action be initiated in the House. ing to do with Watergate, either. The inertia I would like to insert the booklet ser­ In the House, at least 16 bills calling for has always been there. a ban on handguns or a system of national "We can have all the bills and all the ially by chapter into the RECORD for the registration of such weapons are resting hearings in the world," Steinberg added, "but information of my colleagues on this vital quietly in the Judiciary Committee. This is in the end it's the Administration which has matter. Permission for insertion has been the body currently dealing with matters re­ to do something to get the ball rolling." obtained from the gracious publishers of lated to Watergate, and it is not expected Two of the strong anti-handgun bills cur­ "Operation Suicide". Twin Circle, 86 to shift its focus for several weeks or even rently in Congress ban all private ownership Riverside Drive, New York. months. of handguns except by certain persons such The first chapter, which follows, is en­ Even if tough handgun bills are approved as members of the armed forces, law enforce­ in committee, there seems little likelihood ment officials and members of pistol clubs. titled simply, "Operation Suicide." they will become law. The trio of strong bills Several other measures prohibit civilian OPERATION SUICIDE now in the Senate all were defeated in ex­ manufacture, sale and purchase of handguns, A dispatch from Poland in a Hamburg act or similar form last year on the floor by but allow those now held by the public to be newspaper on October 1, 1966 reported: overwhelming margins. retained. One of these was filed by 17 con­ "While on one side of the Stettin harbor A major bill, proposed by Sen. Bayh, which gressmen including Michael J. Harrington, American wheat is unloaded from freighters, did pass the Senate last year, banned the Thomas P. O'Neill and John J. Moakley, all on the other side of the same harbor weapons sale, importation and manufacture of certain Massachusetts Democrats. are loaded which are used against American small handguns. It was aimed at the new The remaining bills are a mixed lot. Seven soldiers." domestic manufacturers of so-called "Satur­ call for handgun registration. Of these, at This was not an exceptional day or an ex­ day night specials," but died in the House least two also set up manufacturing stand­ ceptional piece of news. For years the United without reaching a vote. ards which would primarily limit the pro­ States has been supplying Poland and other A discouraged Bayh, whose staff spent a duction of inexpensively made "Saturday great deal of time and effort on the b111, now night specials." One of these was filed by Iron Curtain countries not only with food feels the Senate should not act until some­ five senators including Edward M. Kennedy but with hundreds of commodities that for­ thing is initiated in the House. (D-Mass.) and Claiborne D. Pell (D-R.I.). tify their own and Soviet Russia's capacity Rep. Robert F. Drinan {D-Mass.), a mem­ A similar bill, filed in the House, would to provide mllltary and economic support to ber of the House Judiciary Committee, con­ set the same criteria for domestic manufac­ North Vietnam. firmed this week that even if a strong bUl ture and sale of handguns as are now ap­ Even our so-called non-strategic goods en­ were to reach the House floor it would stand plied to imports. The importation of "Satur­ able those countries to divert faclllties and virtually no chance of passage. day night specials" is currently prohibited. manpower to m111tary production for Hanoi. "Even if it did pass, the President would At the same time that prospects for But hundreds of American exports to the veto it," Drinan predicted. "With presiden­ stronger gun laws look dim, anti-gun control communists lend themselves directly to use tial leadership, all things can happen. But forces are hoping to subvert the 1968 Gun against Americans and their allies fighting why go through thousands of hours of agony Control Act. This existing control deals pri­ in Southeast Asia. To make matters worse, and have it defeated?" marily with interstate commerce and the a Presidential order on October 12, 1966 stuck Meanwhile, handguns and handgun crime use of the mails. some 400 items from the list of commodities continue to mount. Latest figures released by A dozen bills would repeal the entire Act. which for 20 years had been banned for ex­ the Federal Bureau of Investigation show This is a step advocated by many gun en­ port to communists. But the nature of prod­ that handguns were used in 54 percent of the thusiasts, and one which was called for this ucts cannot be altered by official flat. Most homicides in the United States last year, a year by the Veterans of Foreign Wars {VFW) of them-various metals and electronic com­ 3 percent increase over 1971. during its 74th national convention. ponents, for example-remain no less stra- Last year, Americans spent as much money In all, 60 bills pertaining to changing the tegic than they were in the past. ' on handguns as on equipment to play base­ nation's gun control laws are in both Our shipments to Communist Eu:~:ope have ball. There are an estimated 35 milUon hand­ branches of Congress. . included radio-communications equipment, guns in this country, and figures from the US The efforts of the "gun lobby" in squelch­ combustion engines, refrigeration compres­ Treasury Dept. indicate that more than 2 ing stronger laws-particularly the efforts of sors, synthetic fibers, computers, rocket en­ m1111on a year are being manufactured or the NRA and the one million members it gines, air-borne devices, synthetic rubber, imported. claims to be able to marshal-are given containers for explosives, nuclear radiation In August, the National Advisory Com­ mixed reviews by legislative staff members and detection instruments. They include fer­ mission on Criminal Justice, Standards and who have worked on such measures. tilizer chemicals, which Secretary of Agricul· Goals-made up of state and local law en­ "They tie it all up in masculinity, Com­ ture Freeman has called "as important as forcement officials under the aegis of the Law munism and everything else," one sta.:ffer who bullets"; industrial processing control in­ Enforcement Assistance Administration helped prepare two strict bills commented truments, vegete.ble oils, medicinal supplies. (LEAA)-recommended that all state legis­ this week. "They're very effective in dealing Directly or indirectly such items end up latures pass laws prohibiting the ownership, with emotion rather than reason, and it as ingredients in t):le Soviet-made anti-air­ manufacture, sale and possession of hand­ works." craft system in North Vietnam, one of the guns by Jan. 1, 1983. It also recommended Said another: "The 'gun lobby' is a. myth largest and most advanced ever constructed; that penalties for committing crimes with the to the extent of its collective power. But in Soviet airplanes, surface-to-air mlsssiles, use of handguns be increased. there are plenty of individuals out there who rockets, radar and othet' implements now To date, LEAA has had no indication that feel strongly enough about gun control that taking a toll of thousands of American lives any states have undertaken the commis­ they wm cast their votes on that one issue and hundreds of American planes. In effect, sion's firearms recommendations. alone. Give them some credit: they make we are passing the ammunition to the enemy Its report stated that the commission "be­ themselves heard." while he is shooting at us. lieves that private use and possession of SOPHISTICATED SCHIZOPHRENIA handguns infringes on the right of the To simple-minded observers handicapped American public to be free from violence by common sense, this may look like political and death caused by the use of handguns." schizophrenia. But official Washington sees The report represented the fourth such AID AND TRADE "'WITH THE it as a sophisticated policy under the newly national commission in the past six years COMMUNISTS fashionable rubric of "building bridges" to to recommend substantially stiffer gun con­ communist governments. The administra­ trol laws. After the LEAA report was released, then­ HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE tion is ardently committed to wide-open trade, long-term credits. most-favored-nation Attorney General Elllot L. Richardson asked OF INDIANA Justice Dept. lawyers to examine the ques­ tariffs for the European allies of Ho Chi tion of gun control. But Richardson resigned IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Minh and his Viet Cong, plus all possible on Oct. 20, and a spokesman for the depart­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 "accommodations" looking to a :(ull detente ment this week would state only that the or rapprochement .. investigation "is still going on, with no rec­ Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, in To promote this so-subtle policy, beyond ommendations yet." 1967 Eugene Lyons published a small the grasp of unsubtle pea.sants througout According to the executive director of the booklet on aid to and trade with Com­ the country, the administration 1s most care­ National Council For A Responsible Firearms munist countries entitled "Operation ful to say and do nothing that might offend Polley, Inc.-a small Washington-based lobby Suicide: Those Strange Bridges to Com- the men in the Kremlin, no matter how January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1523 serious the provocation. When Soviet mlsslle not even consider U.S. proposals for accom­ gression for a month without the continuing ships deliberately harassed a U.S. destrorer modation untll we removed our forces from flow of Soviet materiel and weapons. But the in the international waters of the Sea of Vietnam. U.S. government and the "liberal establish­ Japan, the provocation was laughed off by Since then the rebuffs to the President's ment" are so persuaded of the wisdom of their Washington as harmless mischief-boys wm plea for "peaceful engagement" have multi­ "bridge-bullding" enterprise, that they will be boys. An indication by the Soviet m111tary plied. On April 23, 1967, the U.P.I. reported pay a heavy and embarrassing price to pro­ attache in our capital that Moscow was pre­ from Moscow a new "declaration yesterday mote it. pared to use Soviet pilots against American that American hopes for a United States In what they consider the long-term inter­ planes in Vietnam drew neither a protest nor reconc111ation were vain as long as the United ests of peace, they are knowingly bolstering a desist warning from the U.S. Government. States troops remained in Vietnam." A few communist strength for tha current war and The last teeth have been pulled from official days later Brezhnev, in East Berlin, called for future "wars of liberation" on the Viet­ and semi-official broadcasts to the commu­ for "unity of action" by all communist gov­ namese model to which the Kremlin daily nist-captive peoples. The magnitude of ex­ ernments, Red China included, for "the ac­ pledges all-out support, including armed ports of strategic materials to the Soviet tive, many-sided and steadlly increasing force. bloc is played down. Mof$t disastrously, the brotherly help of the Soviet Union against To justify itself, a policy so paradoxical and table 1s being spread that the cold war is the United States in Vietnam." so costly in American blood and substance over or about to expire, thus disarming our But Soviet refusal to play the game can­ should be overwhelmingly convincing. It world psychologically in meeting the con­ not douse the zeal of the political bridge­ should be foolproof-supported by concrete tinuing challenge. builders. They wipe off the spit and say it is evidence of its efficacy, as distinct from theo­ Americans who can't follow the logic of r~ining. rizing guess-work. this conduct are assailed as "obsessed anti­ The communists, of course, desperately But the bridge-bullding brigades, unfor­ communlsts"-and naive. One Congressman need American machinery, technology, and tunately, rest their case on hopes, specula­ who favors long-term credit, Chester L. Mize expertis~n long-term credits. Behind the tion, and conjectures related to supposed of Kansas, said frankly and sadly during a scenes, possibly, they are encouraging our in­ changes ln the U.S.S.R. and its European House hearing: "You may think them credible plans to give it to them. Foreign empire since the passing of Stalin 14 years na'ive, but I'm afraid a lot of our constitu­ Minister Andrei Gromyko, after a visit with ago. They point, in the recent words of the ents look upon this as trading with the President Johnson at the White House, went State Department's chief ideologue of the enemy." Only this "naivete" at the grassroots, so fas as to tell reporters that he thought strange policy, Dr. Walt Rostow to signs in fact, stands between the bridge-builders America "sincere"-we are so grateful for a of "pragmatism and moderation" trt the com­ and the accomplishment of their grand kind Soviet word that this momentous ad­ munist camp which may open roads to "rec­ design. mission made news! onc111ation and cooperation." Specifically The Soviet-bloc dictatorships boast that Publicly, however, we have maneuvered they refer to alleged trends toward "liberall­ they are the main suppliers against "Ameri­ ourselves into the role of supplicants, in zation" and "economic reform" and, in the can imperialist aggressors" in Southeast effect begging the communists to help them­ satellites, pressures for "national independ­ Asia. And they are telling the truth. The selves to our wealth and know-how. Wash­ ence." U.S.S.R. and its satellites, according to a ington, amazingly, has chosen to deny itself The bridge-buUding theory holds that study by the U.S. News & World Report the advantage of a bargaining position, be­ large-scale Western and especially American (January 30, 1967), "are furniShing the real having for all the world as if they were doing goods and credits would accelerate these sinews for major and prolonged war" in Viet­ us a favor in accepting American largesse. trends, relieve cold-war tensions (if, indeed, nam. Since then both Senator Robert F. The mythical man from Mars, reading the there is still a cold war) and encourage the Kennedy, Democrat, and Melvin R. Laird, a record, would suppose that the U.S. was so puppet regimes to break away from the Republican leader in the House, have esti­ starved for communist trade that it was wUling to demean itself to get it. country which created them, imposed them mated that 80 percent of the war materials on unwilling populations and has defended flowing into North Vietnam now come from While official Washington, in dread of "of­ fending" the Kremlin oligarchs, is curbing them against their subjects. the Soviet-bloc countries. Some even talk of "convergence" o! the The classic example of economic support of its own tongue and preventing others from speaking forthrightly about Soviet conduct, two worlds, ours moving toward democratic an enemy is the sale of U.S. scrap iron to socialism, communists moving toward de­ Japan. In that case, we were not yet at war how does Moscow repay this restraint? A few samples, out of the thousands avallable, glve mocracy and free enterprise, the two meeting and there was no certainty that the metal in the center and living together happlly would be returned to us in bombs and bul­ us the answer: On November 21, 1966, readers of Pravda every after. This fanciful prognosis, of course, lets. But 1n the present situation we know as is angrily rejected by the communist nations a grim fact that our exports are being trans­ were told, in a review of Soviet books about America, that the United States is ruled by as a malicious capitalist fairy tale. It can't lated into American casualties. Moreover, come true, Khrushchev wa.rned us, until since most of this trade is on the basis of "a tight bloc of m111tary and industrial mag­ nates . . . representing in essence what "shrimps learn to whistle." long-term credits guaranteed by the U.S. Never before has a great and powerful na­ taxpayer through the Export-Import Bank, existed in Hitler's Germany." On March 18, 1967, Moscow Radio informed its listeners tion based its world policies on such a IDmsy we are in effect subS1d1z1ng the expansion of foundation ot wishful thinking geared to enemy strength. that "teams of u.s. experts on bacteriological w~rfare" 1n Vietnam have lnnoculated thou­ self-deception. Because the risks and the On October 8, J966, the Soviet bloc an­ stakes are so enormous, at least two ques­ nounced in Moscow another vast enlargement sands of rats with bubonic plague, causing "over 100 cases of plague in three coastal tions must be answered factually: of its material support of Hanoi. Only four 1. Is there any solid proof that the blue­ days later President Johnson, in a foreign towns of South Vietnam." Why Americans policy address in New York, said this about would want to spread the horrible disease in printed bridges would in tact speed up po­ territory where their own troops and Viet­ litical mellowing and national independence economic support to the Kremlin and its at the communist ends of the bridges? satellites. namese allies are deployed was not explained. "We do not intend to let our differences Ironically, even The New York Times, so 2. Is the Washingf;Qn estimate of what has tn Vietnam or elsewhere prevent us from ex­ fervent in its propaganda for those "bridges," happened in Communist Europe accurate, is not sp~red in the relentless anti-American or is the administration reading its own hopes ploring all opportunities," he said. But the into developments there? chief differences are that We< are on ;one side barrage. Thus Pravda on November 3, 1966, of a war, they on the other; that they are Charged this newspaper with opening its fomenting and arming communist revolu­ pages to "enemies of communism," purveyors tions in Central and South Amerioa, w.heTe of "tales ... nonsense ... deltberate false-- hoods ... rubbish." Some weeks later, on 1\'8 are laboring for pea~eful progress. A CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO HON. The President went on to announce plans December 25, IzvesUa accused the Times of far "peaceful engagement" that "will help "playing into the hands of those who are FREDERICK L. KRAMER us bUild bridges to Eastern Europe." These doing everything they can to worsen Soviet­ included Export-Import Bank loans and American relations." guarantees of commercial credits. American In the course of a floor debate in March, HON. ROBERT A. ROE financing of an Italian Fiat plant in Soviet 1967, Senator i'rank Lausche of Ohio ex­ OJ' NEW JERSEY claimed: "I want someone to show me one Russia, mosi-favored-natl.on treatment · of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES European communil'lt states not yet enjoy· ste~ne meaningful step-the Soviet Union tng these tariff advantages. has taken toward a detente." None o! the Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Senatorial bridge-buUders did or could. At How did the communists react to this mag­ Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, 1t is indeed my nanimous offer, tl&wed by no hint that we thi& point it is strictly a one-way love affa1r, expected any quid pro quo? Their responee with Uncle Sam cast in the role of the eager great pleasure to have you join with me ranged from cold to insulting. The Presi­ but rejected wooer. today in lauding the outstanding achieve­ dent's speech was virtually ignored by the UNANSWERED Q'OESTIONS ments of a young man who grew up 1n Soviet p,ess. In· the puppet capitals it By this time no one denies that our ex­ my congressional district and was recent­ touched. off new floods of anti-American bllge. ports and credits to the Soviet bloc help ly projected into international promi­ Leonid Brezhnev, the Kremlin Party boss, maintain the m111tary vitality of North Viet­ nence for his highly extensive, in-depth haughtUy declared that the U.S.S.R. would nam. Ho Chi Minh could not maintain his ag- background research, most authentically CXX--97-Part 2 1524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 portrayed and historically accurate pub­ political anecdotes gathered by Mr. Kramer, Re: Current Constitutional Crisis And Other lication entitled, "The White House and actual planting plans of the present Matters White House gardener for spring, summer Han. PATRICIA SCHROEDER. Gardens." On the eve of the 200th an­ and fall showing in detail all the beds and niversary celebration of the founding of DEAR PAT: This is probably my first com­ various :flowers. Also in full color done by Mr. munication with you since I visited with you our country, this excellent, beautifully Sterner on location are White House flower briefly at the benefit affair held for candi­ Ulustrated publication already looms in arrangements for the state occasions. date Alan Mersen at the Regency Hotel last the forefront as a work of excellence and According to Mr. Kramer, the White House year. A considerable body of trauma.Uc a work of art. Our heartiest congratula­ gardens have been as much a part of AmeN­ factual events have occurred in government tions and best wishes are extended to can history as the White House, itself. since our last visit, and it 1s those events the Honorable Frederick L. Kramer who In the preface written by Mrs. Richard M. which compel me to direct this letter of ex­ Nixon, she says, "With the publication of treme concern at this time. is the publisher and author of this col­ ''The White House Gardens," there is now lector's item on our American heritage. It will probably assist if I enumerate available to all a comprehensive reference on the things that concern me most about the All of us in my congressional district the landscape that has evolved from a coun­ present posture in which the President of can point with pride to Fred Kramer and tryside terrain to a stately setting of flowers, the United States seems to find himself, the excellence of his manuscripts on shrubs and trees." at least according to published accounts: American art history. Many of us who Mr. Kramer, who now lives in New York 1. As a concerned citizen I truly fear had the good fortune to grow up with City, grew up in the Passaic-CUfton area. A for the result of the government scandals him as a good friend and neighbor are writer and editor of American art history which now are rocking our country. We tend books he is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Harold to be a nation of those who believe that especially inspired by not only his exem­ Kramer of Passaic. The text, which he has plary writings but the warmth of his the least government is the best govern­ written for this book, represents extensive ment. This can occur only when the citizens friendship and his quality as an individ­ research. of the United States truly believe that the ual. There is no question that Fred is a The book was printed by the Hoechstetter laws of the United States wlll be enforced credit to himself, his family, and the peo­ Printing Co., Pittsburgh, and bound by A. fairly and impartially as to them and that, ple of America and underlying all of his Horowitz & Son, Bookbinders, Clifton. high or low, they will receive a fair hearing great progress-and I am sure he would Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the op­ and a fair application of the laws. Recent be the first one to agree--is the fine guid­ portunity to call to the attention of you public events have suggested that there are ance and counseling of his mom and dad, and other Members of the House of Rep­ those in this country in high places who are above the law and cannot be touched by the the Honorable and Mrs. Harold Kramer, resentatives this most significant accom­ law or the judicial process. This attitude wlll who enjoy the highest reputation and plishment by an outstanding young man surely spell a. breakdown in the self govern­ esteem of all of us who have the good of my district and know that you and our ing parameters of a large number of the fortune to know them. The sensitivity of colleagues here in the Congress will want American population. the extraordinary achievement of the to join with me in saluting Fred Kramer 2. As a practicing tri.al attorney involved offspring is the reward of fulfillment and all of his good works with our best almost weekly in the judicial process, I am from the love and compassion of the wishes for continued success and happi­ flabbergasted at the posture which the Presi­ most distinguished parents, and Adeline dent of the United States has picked for ness as he progresses in his increasingly himself with regard to the judiciary and the and Harold Kramer exemplify the best upward spiral in documenting the his­ judicial process. Should the charges that have and finest. tory of the American dream for the en­ now been made against the President be Mr. Speaker, with your permission I joyment of all of our people. made against a.ny practicing attorney before would like to insert at this point in our any bar of the United States, surely that historic journal of Congress a copy of a attorney's license to practice law would not recent news article that appeared in the long endure. Which one of us could claim Passaic Herald News, one of New Jersey's THE CURRENT CONSTITUTIONAL with impunity destruction of material evl­ prestigious newspapers, reporting on the CRISIS dence in a presently pending court case when that evidence was under the supervision and formal ceremony held in the White control of our office, and avoid disbarment House gardens commemorating Fred proceedings? The tremendous disrespect tor Kramer's presentation of the first copy HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER OF COLORADO the legal profession which has arisen as a of ''The White House Gardens" to our result of the current Washington revelations First Lady, Mrs. Richard M. Nixon, who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is something that I am facing daily With my wrote the preface to this historic docu­ Wednesday, January 30, 1974 clients, my professional associates, and most ment and living memorial to the serenity importantly, with the jurors with whom I Ms. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, Water­ have so much frequent contact. This indeed and beauty of America's landscape. The gate revelations continue unchecked. In is a dark hour for the legal profession. news report is as follows: a recent letter of my constituents 3. My area of greatest concern probably AREA MAN WRITES TEXT, PuBLISHES points out that he, as an attorney, arises from the searching inquiries that are DoCUMENTARY would have a hard time avoiding dis­ made of me, supposedly for the purpose of Frederick L. Kramer, member of a well obtaining wise responses, from my children known area family, is the pubUsher and barment if material evidence in the con­ aged 14, 16 a.nd 18. Sadly, they were just com­ author of the text of a first blstorical and trol of his office was destroyed during ing out of the no-peek patriotism "America pictorial record of "The White House Gar­ the pendency of a court proceeding. He Love It or Lose It" time frame, and they are dens." says that: now hard pressed for rational answers and The book traces both the history o! the The tremendous disrespect for the legal explanations, and they do not relent. My most famous gardens in the United States profession which has arisen as a result of statements have been an attempt at reas­ from the time of John Adams to the present the current Washington revelations ts some­ surance, a reassurance which 1s founded and gives detailed lllustrations on how they thing that I am facing daUy with my upon the principle that our precious gem of are pla.nned and what they look like. clients, my professional associates, and most constitutional government' a4equately pro­ For the past two years, Great American importantly, with the jurors with whoi:n I vides for a crisis such a this. Conviction of Editions, Ltd., has been working with the have so much ·frequent contact. an accused by newspaper articles has neV'er cooperation of the White House curator, been particularly to my liking. On the .:>ther Clement Conger, the White House florist, He goes on to note that: hand, at this juncture the presumption does Rusty Young, and the head gardener, I. Wil­ My greatest concern probably arises from indeed seetn great. The test for my children liams. the searching inquiries that are made of me, o! the truth of my statements to them of the power of our constitutional government For the :flrst time, an artist was permitted supposedly for the purpose of obtaining to work on location making water colors of will be determined by Congress in t~e near the va.rlo11S :flowers in the gardens and those wise responses, from my children aged 14, future. used for centerpiece arrangements for state 16 and.18. It would be hard for me to describe which occasions. He 1s the noted artist, Harold I think Mr. Harold Feder, as a citizen, of the Watergate revelations has been the Sterner, son of the turn-of-the-century a parent and a member of the legal pro­ most diftlcult for me to cope with. I can only artist, Albert Sterner, fession, expresses well the concerns that say that the recent article from The Denver "The White House Gardens" is an authen­ P~t o! January 12, 1974, a copy o~ : which ta tic and original documentation of the Amer­ have been voiced by many of my con­ enclosed, serves somewhat to characterize illY ican heritage. Includ~d are ~5 full color plate stituents in recent days. grave concern. I don'ii know whether tt ~. s the reproductions of Mr. Sterner's water colors; Following is the full text of Mr. Feder•s· oU comp~ies· influence for the Alaska p1pe- many pages of faso1nat1ng Presidential and letter: 11n~, the Trans-Stberif~.n gas ~all!Wl1$81on

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~ -. ------·- - - . .. . January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1525 line, or another crack at the Teapot Dome He has brought an end to compus unrest signed to purge the land of illegals. As a naval oll reserves which concern me the most. and violence. consequence, numerous dragnets have I don't know whether it is the ITT "con­ He has traveled more miles abroad than been conducted in the Northeast and the tribution" or the milk producers contribu­ any other U.S. President. tion or the James Hoffa release from prison He was elected to the highest office in this Southwest in which anyone who may contribution or the Vesco contribution or great country by the biggest majority of this speak with a Spanish accent, who may the Hughes contribution, or whether it'll century. appear to be of Latin background to some maybe a comptlation of all the contributions. Sure, he's made a few mistakes. Nobody's immigration inspector or who may oth­ Whatever the cause, I feel deeply com­ perfect. My Dad made some mistakes in his erwise present a "foreign" or Latin ap­ pelled as a citizen, an attorney, a father, as a lifetime. But it didn't change my opinion of pearance is apprehended and is forced to former Naval officer and Korean war veteran, him. He was still a good man, and as any good prove he is an American citizen. Basic and as one of your constituents to suggest-­ man ... he profited from his mistakes. civil liberties, rights guaranteed by the no, not suggest, to urge-your support for Let's stop talking about impeachment and impeachment proceedings to be brought at Watergate and start thinking about the Constitution and simple human dignity the earliest possible date. Pearly Gates. Let's show some love and com­ have been violated time and time again I believe that the longer that this consti­ passion for our President and our country. by these reprehensible practices. tutional crisis wears on, the greater will be He can't possibly know what everyone work­ In the Februray issue of the Progres­ the damage to our form of government and ing for him is rtoing. The company I work for sive, Father Mark Day, a parish priest the confidence of the people in their form employs over five thousand people. Should in Los Angeles, has written a timely and of government and the very government it­ the plant manager be judged for something quite perceptive article on the plight of self. Soon, too soon, we all will become in­ one of his employees does? the illegal immigrants and the efforts sensitive and cynical. I think its' time we started acting like the And so I write this letter before I have people who made this country great .... I which some have made to deal with the become insensitive and before I have become think it's time we started. talking about situation on a more humane, legal, and cynical to seek your assistance in bringing supporting our President not deporting affirmative basis. The article not only at­ the matter of impeachment to bear quickly him.... I say let's get off his baok and let tempts to look at the situation from the and in a forthright manner. Only through him do the job we elected him to do. Spanish-speaking c9mmunity's vieWPoint impeachment can the trial that I think we Sure, this country has problems. But it was but also focuses on certain repressive so desperately need be held. Only through not our President who created them. But he this device can the cloud of suspicion which State and Federal legislation which only can help solve them. exacerbate the problem. I present Father surrounds the President be dispelled, or if it We need to find a solution to the energy is not to be dispelled, then the innuendoes crisis. Day's article herewith for inclusion in and the charges will have an airing in a form We need to find a cure for cancer and the RECORD and urge that our colleagues which will allow their proof. As a citizen and heart disease. give it full and careful consideration. It a lawyer and a father, it seems that this is We need to care for our senior citizens. is an issue which we cannot ignore and the only alternative, but it must be speedily We need to reduce crime. it seems to me that we have an obliga­ undertaken. We need to fight drug abuse and alcohol­ tion to act in a more responsible, com­ For these reasons and many more too ism, plus pollution. extensive to set forth in this brief transmis­ passionate and progressive manner than And there are many more things that need we have in the past. sion, I urge you to vote in support and in to be done .... Yes we've got problems. favor of impeachment proceedings. It is with But we must work together and get on The article follows: heavy heart that I, a lifelong Republican and with the business at hand and stop fighting ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTs--A VIEW FROM THE continual Nixon supporter, take this most among ourselves. BARRIO severe step. But running the President of the United (By Mark Day) Very truly yours, States down and dividing our country won't HAROLD A. FEDER. Maria Hernandez was changing her baby's solve them. diapers when U.S. Immigration and Nat­ I urge all Americans to unite and pledge uralization Service (INS) agents arrested her their support to the President of the greatest at a deteriorating East Los Angeles apart­ nation in the world ... and I beg you ..• ment house in February 1973. Maria, a Mexi­ Please get ofl his back. can citizen who had overstayed her visitor's GET OFF illS BACK visa in the United States, was hysterical when she arrived at the allen detention center in the basement of the New Federal HON. J. HERBERT BURKE Building in downtown Los Angeles. The THE CONTINUING PLIGHT OF young mother cried out desperately for her OF FLORIDA ILLEGAL ALIENS baby. The agents allowed her to recover the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES infant hours later, when he was found nearly Wednesday, January 30, 1974 suffocated in his excrement. The last I heard HON. HERMAN BADILLO was that the baby was taken to the County Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, OF NEW YORK Hospital with a serious case of pneumonia. a recent radio broadcast by Mr. Doug IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES When an attorney questioned INS officials about the incident, they told him that the Zepp of Pensacola, Fla., was called to my Wednesday, January 30, 1974 attention. You may or may not agree child was born in the United States and was Mr. BADn.LO. Mr. Speaker, for several not under the jurisdiction of the Service. with his comments, but I think they are The lllegal immigrant issue, described by a worth bringing to the attention of my years we have viewed a continuing con­ labor leader in Los Angeles as a dllemma sur­ colleagues. His speech does summariZe troversy over the status of certain aliens rounded by an enigma, is one of the most the views expressed by a large number of who have entered the United States il­ complex social problems in the United my constituents, and I am sure, perhaps, legally and who have been subsequentlY States today. Government statistics show a of yours. exploited and threatened by unscrupu­ dramatic increase in the number of immi­ lous employers.. landlords, and creditors grants deported each year. The majority are The speech follows: Mexicans, refugees attracted by a. better GET OFF His BACK and have been unduly and unnecessar­ ily harrassed and degraded by agencies standard of living in the United States. In The office of the President of the United. 1972, of the 492,189 aliens arrested, more States demand more time, energy, intelli­ of the Federal Government. As yet, how­ than eighty per cent were apprehended. in gence and mental fortitude than any position ever, no meaningful consideration has the Southwestern states, some 94,000 in held by any man in the world. been given to the plight of these hap­ Southern California alone. OUr President, in my opinion has done less men, women, and children-either to One method of control has been periodic more for this country and under more adverse the misery they are forced to endure sweeps of city streets and factors by the INS conditions than any President in my while living in a constant state of fear "It's a crime to have brown skin In th18 lifetime. while in this country or the conditions in town," one of the members of a Mexican I think it's time we get ofl his back. their native lands which have precipi­ mariachi band told me. The band plays each OUr President has brought an end. to the tated their departure. Sunday at our chu,rch services. The congre­ war in Vietnam. An gation, whose membership is now almost Be has brought all of our POWS home. especially distasteful aspect of this totally Spanish-speaking, comes to life with He has ended. the draft. situation is the fact that the term "il­ blaring trumpets and cheerful hymns at He ts the first President ever to visit Main­ legal alien" has become a code word for these masses. More than sixty-five per cent land China. Spanish-speaking and our community of these church-goers at St. Joseph's in He has re-structured the SUpreme Court has been forced to bear the brunt of the downtown Los Angeles are in this country for the first time in this century. Government's ill-conceived policies de- Ulegally. 1526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 197J, Matters worsened last June when the INS has strong support from many liberal legis­ fornia., both Democrats. Badillo, whose an­ conducted a series of dragnet raids in South­ lators and much of the labor movement, cestry is Puerto Rican, said that the Ulegal ern California to round up the lllegal im­ though there is growing dissent within the immigrant "has become one of the most migrants. Soon after the intensified raids unions on this issue. popular scapegoats for our bankrupt eco­ began, churches, television stations, and Although farm labor leader Cesar Chavez nomic policies and soaring unemployment community organizations were inundated never made a statement supporting the problems." He disagreed with claims that with complaints alleging that the agents Arnett law, it is believed that he initially aliens take jobs from U.S. citizens, increase made unlawful arrests, broke up families, favored the measure. The United Farm Work­ welfare costs, and create balance of payments ignored the constitutional right of due proc­ ers have always had the problem of aliens deficits by sending money abroad. Aliens, he ess, brutalized and harassed brown-skinned being transported to the fields to break their said, take jobs that lawful U.S. residents do people regardless of their status in this coun­ strikes, especially in the Coachella and San not want; they pay taxes, are consumers, and try, and created an atmosphere of terror­ Joaquin Valleys of California. It would fol­ stay away from public assistance programs. especially in the Chicano community. A class low that any legislation restricting aliens Badillo noted that the news media have action suit on behalf of several plaintiffs was from the labor market would be beneficial been responsible for advancing erroneous fig­ filed by the American Civll Liberties Union to to his organizing activities. But Chavez un­ ures on the number of 11legal immigrants "insure that the law enforcement officers doubtedly saw the suffering that the Arnett living in the United States. He was referring would follow their own [Federal] law in law, even in anticipation of its going into full to stories such as the one t~at appeared in making arrests." As yet no decision has been effect, caused Chicanos and other Latins The Washington Post, November 12, 1971. reached by the Federal court. working in urban areas. He also wanted to The lead sentence read: "Up to one milllon Chicano activist Bert Corona, the director avoid any damaging rift between rural and New Yorkers may not be New Yorkers at all of the Center for Autonomous Social Action urban Chicanos, since his battle with the ... instead, they are aliens." (CASA) of Los Angeles, an organization Teamsters was just beginning. According to the news story, an INS offi­ working for reforms in immigration law and Therefore, when the House of Representa­ cial claimed that there are more than 2.5 mil­ practices, claims that the present labor cer­ tives passed the Rodino blll, Chavez con­ lion 11legal aliens in New York City, while tl:ftcation regulations are designed to keep demned it. The UFW leader said that the btll Sol Marks, the local INS director, expressed out foreign labor. Yet, he points out, because "would not help either urban or rural work­ doubts that there are even tens of thousands the border is, in effect, open, foreign workers ers in their common struggle against unscru­ in the New York City metropolitan area. enter the country to work and are burdened pulous employers." His major objection was Other newspapers have published such fig­ by the stigma of lllegality. Corona believes that the blll should have had provisions ures without attempting to verify the facts. that many employers find this desirable, since directed against labor contractors who recruit Besides Cesar Chavez, other labor leaders they can pay the aliens lower wages and aliens as strikebreakers. The UFW statement have disagreed with the rationale behind the dispose of workers at whim merely by calling also opposed the blll "for encouraging dis­ Rodino bill. At a recent rally in New York the immigration department-often just be­ crimination against brown-skinned people City, Henry Foner, the president of the Fur, fore payday. and for breaking up fam111es who had long Leather & Machine Workers Union, .AFL-CIO~ Corona and a growing number of activists standing roots in this country, and who, for protested the dragnet raids conducted there throughout the country disagree with the the lack of a piece of paper (a visa], are by the INS. Foner told the group, composed assertion that the aliens themselves are re­ subjected to embarrassing and burdensome mainly of Latin Americans: "As long as sponsible for depressing wages and depriving practices and rules enforced by government unions allow themselves to be deluded into local residents of low income jobs. They point bureaucrats unconcerned with the plight of believing that the 1llegal immigrant is their to the shortages of workers in some industries poor people." enemy-so long w111 they be demob111zed in such as garment manufacturing and add that Chavez referred directly to the detrimental the important and necessary fight against local residents generally have a. natural edge effects of the Arnett law. Instead of the em­ their real enemies-the big business inter­ on the job market since they can speak Eng­ ployers, it was the workers-both lawful and ests, the profiteers, and their corrupt pro­ lish, supply references, and are familiar with alien residents-who felt the brunt of the tectors in government." local community resources. law. Months before the law was to go into The Mexican-American Labor Council of The real culprits, say the defenders of the effect, employers began to fire anyone sus­ Los Angeles, headed by Trinidad Flores, also immigrants, are the employers who seek to pected of not having proper documentation. has attacked the Rodino blll. In a letter to employ these workers-whatever the source­ Church and social centers, especially in the Andrew J. Biemiller, the AFL-CIO's chief who wm work at the cheapest possible pay Los Angeles area, were flooded with hardship lobbyist in Washington, Flores said that the rates. cases. Several immigrants told me they had Rodino bill "does not serve the best interests National attention focused on the problem married legal residents and had children of the Mexican-American community nor of the aliens in October 1971 when INS agents born in the United States. Since they could that of labor." rounded up several of them at a food process­ not produce visas, their employers had laid Representative Roybal has suggested sev­ ing plant belonging to Ramona Bafiuelos, them off. In some cases, Chicanos who were eral positive solutions to the allen dilemma. President Nixon's appointee as treasurer of legal residents were turned away because of As a means of reducing the number of il­ the United States. Harry Bernstein, labor re­ their skin color or their heavily accented legal immigrants, Roybal proposes thwt the porter for the Los Angeles Times who broke English. On one occasion, a Puerto Rican Western Hemisphere ceiling for legal admis­ the Banuelos story, also revealed that an worker asked me to write a letter for him in sions to the United States-which is now tllegalimmlgrant was working at the Western English, guaranteeing that he was from Puer­ 120,000 annually-be increased to 170,000 to White House. to Rico and not from Mexico. His poor grasp equal total admissions permitted from the It came as no surprise to me that aliens of the English language led several employ­ Eastern Hemisphere countries (including worked for either Ms. Bafiuelos or Mr. Nixon. ers to believe he was an 11legal immigrant. Europe and the Orient); thwt the system There are from 300,000 to 500,000 such work­ In a meeting with the bill's sponsor, As­ which gives preference to reuniting families, ers in Southern California, occupying menial semblyman Dixon Arnett workers complained now appUcable to the Eastern Hemisphere, jobs in places like food packing plants, fac­ that their employer, a large soup company, be extended to all Western applicants; and tories, and restaurants, or pruning rose­ had demanded that all employes without that immigrants from both hemispheres be bushes and trimming hedges on the grounds documents put up a $400 cash bond in case of permitted to legaliZe their status while re­ of most parks and suburban estates. a fine. Other workers complained that their ma1n1ng in the United States. As of now, The concern of the Ca.lifornla. legislature bosses fired them, rather than newer work­ some immigrants have to return to their led to the enactment of the Dixon Arnett law ers, since they enjoyed seniority, paid vaca­ country and walt more than two years before in November 1971. The law, fining employers tions, and other benefits. they can return. Unfortunately, these sug­ for hiring Ulegal immigrants, was to have The simplest way for an employer to evade gested amendments were ktlled dUring the gone into effect in March 1972. It became a the law, we told Arnett, was •by using a sim­ House debate last May. hotly debated civil rights issue, since it au­ ple legalistic device. The boss asks the worker, Bert Corona of CASA has suggested that thorized employers to question the immigra­ tongue in cheek, if he is lawfully entitled to workers who are not here legally but have tion status of predominantly brown-skinned work. If the worker answers affirmatively, the jobs as well as roots in the community should people. The law was declared unconstitu­ employer has exercised his duty under the have their status legalized. This, he believes, tional in February 1972 for two reasons: The law. The worker, however, 1s now tn a more would drastically reduce the problems caused field of immigration and naturalization ts dependent position than before because his by the present vulnerablllty of their status. preempted by the Federal Government, and boss has done him another "favor." Arnett Senator Edward Kennedy, a member of the the act, with its criminal sanctions, was listened carefully, but said that his law was Senate Subcommittee on Immigration and considered "too vague, indefinite, and the only way to handle the problems caused Naturalization, spoke sympathetically a'bout uncertain." by the aliens. the plight of the aliens on a television inter­ The Arnett law was followed by a Federal A growing number of legislators !ear that view 1n Fresno, California, during last year's bill (H.R. 982), introduced by Representative the Federal bill wlll create the same injus­ convention of Cesar Chavez's United Farm Peter Rodino, New Jersey Democrat. The tices as the California law. The opposition to Workers Union. Kennedy agrees with the House passed the btll, almost a carbon copy the Rodino blll in the House was led by Rep­ UFW position that the Rodino bffi would of the Arnett law, 1n May 1973. The blll, resentative Herman BadUlo of New York not effectively punish the unscrupulous em­ stalled in the Senate Judiciary Committee, and Representative Edward Roybal of Cali- ployer who hires aliens to exploit them. January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1527 Another bill, sponsored by Representative and his government, the people, and the FORMER CONGRESSMAN ROBERT T. Joshua Ellberg, Pennsylvania Democrat, army have performed quite well, conSidering SECREST OF C.Al\mRIDGE, OIDO, stipulates that all immigrants wlll be allowed the d11llcult circumstances. IS HONORED to change their status whlle remaining in the It is certainly evident that the South United States, a privilege which is now ac­ Vietnamese far prefer any government of corded only to Eastern Hemisphere immi· their own to Hanoi or the Viet Cong, and HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY grants. The House Judiciary Committee ap­ wUl fight persistently for their independence. oF omo proved the Ellberg blll in October. Oppo­ On the other side, the Communists are nents of this bill argue that the measure lim­ following their pattern of the past. They IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its annual immigration from any one coun­ are obviously stUl determined to control Wednesday, January 30, 1974 try to 20,000 a year. Representatives Roybal South Viet Nam, no matter what the cost. and Henry Gonzalez, Texas Democrat, argue The Communists have consolidated their Mr. CARNEY of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, that the bill discriminates against Mexicans, hold on the areas of South Viet Nam which on Tuesday, January 22, 1974, I had the cutting the present immigration quota from are under their control and they have tried privilege and the pleasure of attending Mexico by one-half. Roybal and Gonzalez to expand these areas, with little success. a reception in honor of former Congress­ have supported an amendment to the Ell­ The North Vietnamese have also moved great berg bill which provides for special prefer­ quantities of weapons and many more troops man, and now State Senator, Robert T. ence for Mexican immigrants. They maintain into South Viet Nam---apparently preparing Secrest, of Cambridge, Ohio. that unique historical, economic, and social for another big military o1fensive. The Honorable Robert T. Secrest relationships between the two countries war­ If another great battle comes off, it wm served 10 terms in the U.S. House of rant this preference. be a crucial test of the basic goal of our Representatives, 7 years on the Federal It 1s unfortunate tha.t we have not yet help to the South Vietnamese--strength and Trade Commission, and is now serving learned to overcome the nativistic mentality wUl to defend themselves. his fifth year as a member of the Ohio in our country which continues to regard the Hopefully, the South Vietnamese will pre­ Senate. In addition, Senator Secrest re­ foreign born as economically threatening, vall in all the fighting and ultimately throw signed his seat in Congress to serve in unclean, and "un-American." We still tend out the North Vietnamese and establish last­ to hang labels on groups of people, then ing peace for themselves. the U.S. Navy during World War n, and conclude that any means necessary can be Tho the fate of South Viet Nam is still he earned his law degree by attending used to get rid of them, including aproaches uncertain, we can begin to bring into better law school at night while he was a that lessen our basic freedoms and make a perspective the worth of our sacrifices Member of Congress. mockery of the Constitution. there-irrespective of our mistakes. Mr. Speaker, Bob Secrest is one of the Certainly the last five years of our in­ finest public servants I have ever known. volvement deeply and adversely affected our I am proud to call him my friend. He domestic unity, confidence, and view of our celebrated his 70th birthday this month. responsib111ties in the world. VIETNAM CEASE-FIRE But, in an international geopolitical sense, and I know that I speak for all of my ANNIVERSARY our fighting for the principle of self-deter­ colleagues in the Congress who know him mination in helping the South Vietnamese when I wish him continued good health, resist Hanoi's drive to take them over, has happiness, and success. HON. BILL ARCHER helped stabilize the world scene with long­ Mr. Speaker, I insert my tribute to OF TEXAS lasting and incalculable benefits. Representative Secrest in the RECORD at Had we not responded to the challenge this time: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posed in Viet Nam in the 1960s, the whole TRmUTE TO RE.'PRESENTATIVE ROBERT T. SECREST Wednesday, January 30, 1974 of Southeast Asia might by now have fallen under the control of the militant expansion- Over 2,000 years ago the great Aristotle Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, we are 1st regime in Hanoi, with repercussions far declared that "a man who aspires to any witnessing the first anniversary of the beyond that region. high omce should have three qua111lcat1ons: cease-fire agreement in Vietnam. The And, having got involved in VietNam, the First, he should be prepared to support the agreement came about after much ne­ way in which we extricated ourselves be­ constitution of his country; second, he came very important--as Presidents Johnson should have a special aptitude for the omce gotiating and it still remains a fragile he desires; and third, he should have virtue agreement. Despite the predictions of and Nixon repeatedly and rightly told us. Had we cut and run in Viet Nam, we would and justice as they are understood by his critics that the Government of South have had little cred1b111ty now in the Mid­ fellow-citizens." Those qualifications, em­ Vietnam would collapse soon after the east with the Russians, Arabs, or Israelis. bodying the classical wisdom of our civlliza­ withdrawal of American troops, this pre­ Hence, Henry Kissinger's vital, catalytic role tion, have found honorable expression in the dicted collapse has not occurred. As we in seeking an enduring, just Mideast settle· life and public service of Robert Thompson view the American experience In Viet­ ment would have been impossible. Secrest. nam a year after the American with­ Further, at some stage, the key to peace in An aptitude for the responsibU1ties and the Mideast is likely to be a commitment obligations of public service and an abiding drawal of military forces, we can gain commitment to virtue and justice as guard­ a new perspective on our role in Asia. from us to insure the security of Israel and to help enforce whatever settlement is reached. ians of liberty-these qualities have distin­ This significance was stated effectively Had we dropped the South Vietnamese when guished him whom we honor here tonight in a column by Henry Huglin entitled the going got tough, no one, least of all the throughout his long life. "The Value of Our Role in Vietnam" Israelis, would have placed any credib111ty The celebration of a seventieth birthday, which appeared in the Chicago Tribune on such a commitment of ours. marking the biblical "threescore years and ten", is, indeed, a fitting time for hts fel­ on January 7, 1974. It is ironic that many who were highly low-citizens to pause, to refiect, and to A YEAR L.o\,TER-THE VALUE OF OUR ROLE IN critical of our role in VietNam and wanted render grateful and deserving homage. We VIETNAM us to cut and run are now depending on us to live in the midst of troubled times for (By Henry Huglin) play the key role in protecting Israel and bringing a lasting Mideast settlement--with­ America and for the world, times wherein Just a year ago we were in the throes of out acknowledging the linkage. the faith and idealism which has always the intensive bombing campaign of North Reliability, credibility, infiuence, and ef­ sustatned this land is called to fresh exer­ Viet Nam. This bombing sparked an uproar fectiveness in the world are built up as the tions of the spirit as together we restore the of criticism, but it was apparently the nec­ sense of public trust which must always accumulation of policies and actions over animate free government if it is to endure. essary and key act in finally getting the years, even generations. And, in trying to be agreement last January-under which we got In such a time the example of a man such a responsible superpower, we have inescapa­ as Robert Secrest is especially inspiring and our POWs freed and were able to extricate ble duties and commitments in the world. If ourselves from VietNam with some integrity. significant. In such a time an occaSilon such we don't fulfill these responsibilities con­ as this rekindles our faith and our hope How goes it now with VietNam, where we sistently, the fragile structure of what sta­ invested so much--our youths' lives, money, 1n the abiding vitality of America. and agony? And what of the worth of our b111ty and peaceful progress there is in the It was in 1933 that Robert Secrest first involvement from a year's perspective? world will be undermined. ca.m.e to Washington-to serve in the 73rd Well, the cease-fire has been a farce; As time goes by-and as agonies and divi­ Congress of the United States. He brought fighting has continued sporadically between sions over Viet Nam fade--more of us will with him a rtch background of experience the South Vietnamese and the North Viet­ appreciate the long-term value of our in­ in State and local government, in educa­ namese and VietCong. volvement there--as a major step in our tion and in law. He entered the legislative But there is political stabiUty in South helping move the world community toward branch of our Federal Government in a time Viet Na.m.. Tho no democratic paragon, Presi­ greater political stability and better chances of grave crisis for America. He was--be it dent Thieu has been skillful and effective: for more enduring peace. noted-reelected to the four succeeding 1528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 Congresses during one of the most signifi­ league, whom it is our privilege and pleasure WHEN OMB SPEAKS, NASA AD­ cant eras in our history. to honor at this testimonial dinner. In hon­ LISTEN In 1942, with the advent of American oring him we are recognizing a life bullt VISORY COMMITTEES entry into the Second World War, he re­ upon public trust and fidelity to principle; in signed his seat to serve in the United States paying this tribute to his remarkable career Navy, in which he was appointed a Lieuten­ we are affirming the validity of our American ant Commander. Later he was promoted to system of government in the face of the HON. DAVID R. OBEY commander. He served his country faith­ challenges and trials which history sends. OF WISCONSIN fully, bravely, and well during that terrible We salute him tonight, we thank God who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES confiict, in England, in North Afrtca, and has brought him and us to this day, and we in Italy. For a year he was also on the pray for a renewal of that spirit of service Wednesday, January 30, 1974 staff of Admiral Chester Nimitz in the to God and to country which he has demon­ Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, in recognition Pacific theatre as a mllitary government strated and which has ever been the mainstay of the delay in submission of the Presi­ officer. of this Nation and its people in every age. In 1946 he was released from active duty, In the Hebrew Bible it is written that dent's fiscal year 1975 budget, the Na­ and returned to his first and Ufe-long voca­ "Gold and sliver make the foot stand sure: tional Aeronautics and Space Adminis­ tion in politics, seeking his old seat in the But counsel is esteemed above them both," tration announced today in the Federal Congress. At first unsuccessful in his 1946 and again, "To the counselors of peace is Register that a 2%-hour segment of to­ campaign for the 80th Congress, he was en­ joy." To Robert Secrest, patriot and wise morrow's meeting of its Physical Sciences gaged as a legal supervisor in the Library counselor in the affairs of Government, we Committee will be held in executive ses- . of Congress untll his resignation in 1947 and wish both joy and peace. his successful candidacy for the 81st Con­ sion instead of public session. The change gress, to which he was elected 1n 1948. He 1s dutiful but silly. served this time from 1949 to 1954 in the The notice says that the material to be 81st, 82nd, and 83rd Congresses, resigning discussed in this closed session "includes to accept a 7-year appointment by President the budgetary planning and levels pro­ Eisenhower to the Federal Trade Commis­ A TAX BREAK posed in the NASA submission for the sion, a position he held down from 1954 to Office of Space Science in preparation of 1961. His being named to the FTC was it­ the President's budget for FY 1975." self a mark of the esteem 1n which he was held by his colleagues of both parties HON. JAMES V. STANTON That makes the material preliminary, and within the larger community. OF OHIO not final, so there is no question of break­ During most of 1962 he served as director IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing a release date on actual budget fig­ of commerce for the State of Ohio. However, ures and no reason to close the session. his first love could not be denied, and in Wednesday, January 30, 1974 It then explains: that same year he again sought public office, Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, Under instructions from the Office of Man­ and was elected to the 88th Congress, taking Congressman RosTENKOWSKI and I are agement and Budget, this material may not office in 1963. He was re-elected to the 89th today reintroducing our legislation con­ be disclosed publicly until the President's Congress, but was unsuccessful in his candi­ FY 1975 budget 1s subinitted to Congress. dacy for the 90th Congress in 1966. In Jan­ cerning "downside" income averaging. This bill provides a tax break for the in­ uary of 1967, with the close of the 89th Maybe so, but there are at least three Congress, he left Federal service only to turn dividual whose income falls off abruptly his energy and abllity to public service here due, for example, to a work layoff or things wrong with this: in Ohio; in 1969 he was elected to the State other reason beyond his control. Plant First. The Federal Advisory Commit­ Senate, 1n which he has served with char­ closings necessitated by the energy crisis tee Act does not recognize instructions acteristic abllity and distinction. are leaving thousands of Americans out from OMB, in and of themselves, as During his years 1n the House Robert of work. A work layoff of this nature just:.ftcation for closing a meeting. It says Secrest was a member of the Veterans' Af­ that advisory committee meetings shall fairs Committee, a post reflecting h18 11fe­ forces a famtly who has enjoyed a stable long commitment to the needs and aspira­ income to suffer a sharp drop in income be open to the public unless they are tions of Americans who have served their during a given year. This bill provides concerned with matters which the Free­ country in the armed forces. Himself a 11fe this unfortunate individual with a tax dom of Information Act exempts from member of AMVETS, the VFW, and the regu­ break, when he needs it most. mandatory public disclosure, and "in­ lar veterans association, he is also a former We are pleased with the excellent re­ structions from OMB" is not one of those past commander and life member of the sponse we have received so far concern­ senacaville American Legion Post 747. exemptions. I think you wlll agree with me that this ing this bill and we are still welcoming Second. Even if the reason were valid, is indeed an extraordinary record, the ac­ cosponsors to join us in the reintroduc­ the form of the not1ce is not. The law count of a man's tireless devotion to the tion of this bill. At the present time, the requires that a determination be made following Members have joined us in the public good and his un!alling concern for in writing that a meeting or portion of that goal, in war and in peace, 1n innu­ reintroduction of this btll: it qualifies for closure, and no such de­ merable political victories and in occasional LisT OF CosPoNsoRs pol1tical defeats, in the legislative and in Bella Abzug, Thomas Ashley, Les Asptn, termination appears in the NASA notice. the executive t>ranches of our Government, Lindy Boggs, George Brown, Jr. (Calif.), Third. It is giving inadequate notice in elective and in appointive office alike. Charles Carney, Shirley Chisholm, Cardiss of the changed circumstances of the His public career-like his private ll!e-­ Coll1ns, Silvio 0. Conte, John Conyers, Paul has been marked by integrity of purpose meeting. Though it is labeled, "Notice of Cronin, Dan Daniel, Mendel Davis, John J. is and honorable achievement in behalf of the Duncan, William Ford, Edwin B. Forsythe, Change of Agenda," the notice not people he has served. The roots of his loyalty Michael Harrington, and Ken Hechler. announcing that something has been have encompassed his community, his State Henry Helstoski, James Howard, Richard added to or subtracted from the agenda. and his Nation and have flowered in loyalty !chord, Albert Johnson, Jim Jones (Okla.), to God, the common Father. Rather, it is giving only 24-hour advance Barbara Jordan, Edward Koch, Wllliam Leh­ notice that a meeting NASA said last You wlll hear much tonight of particular man, Ray J. Madden, Richard W. Mallary, aspects of his career and his personality, but Donald J. Mitchell, (N.Y.), Parren J. Mitchell, week would be open wtll, in fact, not be. I direct your attention to the larger pic­ (Md.), Joe Moakley, Charles A. Mosher, John Finally, the excuse that budget ma­ rture, which, as we look back over some four decades--decades of historic import for this Moss, Morgan Murphy (Ill.), Robert Nix, and terial may not be "disclosed publicly" Nation and for the world, moves all who George O'Brien. does not fit the facts of the case, since have known him to heightened respect and Claude Pepper, Bertram Podell, Donald W. 13 of the 14 members of the Physical gratitude for the example he has provided in Riegle, Jr., Charles Sandman, Paul Sarbanes, Sciences Committee are public mem­ these troubled days. Pat Schroeder, John Seiberling, B. F. Slsk, My friends, the meaning of a man's ll!e John Slack, Pete Stark, Frank Thompson, bers-that is, not Federal employees. can never fully be known, save to God. Robert Tiernan, David Treen, Jerome Waldie, How is it that preliminary budget ma­ But when that life has been characterized Richard White, Wllllam G. Whitehurst, terial can be disclosed to these members by publlc service. then we may see more Charles H. Wilson (Calif.) , Larry Winn, Jr., of the public and not to others? clearly the values and ideals lby which he Lester Wolff, Gus Yatron, and Andrew Young Mr. Speaker, the text of the NASA has Uved. So it 1s with my friend and col- (Ga.) notice follows: January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1529 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE concentration of capital in the ut1Uty busi­ The banks still demand growing profits, ADMINISTRATION ness 1s even more important. For example, the even though there is virtually no risk in NASA PHYSICAL SCIENCES COMMITTEE Georgia Power Company spends more each investing in the power monopolies. But util­ year on building new plants than do all man­ ity plants have reached their maximum Notice of Change of Agenda ufacturing industries in the state put to­ efficiency, and the costs of new ones have Due to the revised date of the President's gether. Thus, Georgia Power virtually controls increased astronomically. So the utilities are FY 75 budget submission to Congress, it is the construction industry, and with it the forced to go to the regulatory agencies and necessary to make a change in the PSC meet­ wage scale of thousands of workers. The ask to charge the public more money for the ing agenda published last week. power to decide who gets the big contracts same service it is already getting. Whining Agenda Item (7): FY 75 Budget Request for a new $150,000,000 generating plant is about increased costs and threatening black­ scheduled from 2 p.m. to 4:30p.m., 31 Jan­ another good reason to bring control of the outs, the utilities demand more money to uary 1974, is changed to read: Executive utilities closer to home. give the bankers so they can continue their Session. The material to be discussed in this The sums of money involved in the utmty policy of expansion. There is no mention of closed session includes the budgetary plan­ business indicate how they match the im­ curtalling growth, no rational discussion of ning and levels proposed in the NASA sub­ pact of having a US Steel or a Ford Motor a decent rate of expansion, no thought of mission for the Office of Space Science in Company spend all its money for world-Wide simply cutting out the profits in the utllity preparation of the President's Budget for expansion in a few southern states. In 1971, business altogether. FY 1975. Under instructions from the Office private, investor-owned electric ut1llties But there is one further rub. It turns out of Management and Budget, this material spent over $12 bilUon in capital expansion that the ut111ties are effectively owned by may not be disclosed publicly until the (buying new equipment and building new the very same banks and financial institu­ President's FY 1975 budget is submitted to plants), bringing the total net value of their tions which they say they must satisfy. It's Congress. plants up to $90 b1llion. (Most power com­ bad enough to pay Peter a little extra so he The meeting is still scheduled to be held panies so.y they will double their investment can pay the increased interest charge of his in Room 5026, FOB No.6 commencing 9 a.m. in generating fac111ties in the next five creditor Paul, but when Peter is taking our Thursday, 31 January 1974. For further in­ years.) In the same year, the non-profit, money to pay off himself, that's absurd. The formation regarding the meeting, please con­ rural electrical cooperatives and mUnicipal ut1lities call it "normal"-llke your light bill tact Mr. Guenter Strobel: Area Code 202- power systems, which serve 22% of America's every month. 755-3647. electric customers, spent $1.6 b1llion to build The solution to all this is more compli­ HoMER E. NEWELL, new fac111ties. * By contrast, the big four auto cated than bringing control back home from Associate Administrator, National makers spent only $1.8 billion in 1971 for "the North" to "the South." Of course, it is Aeronautics and Space Administra­ new equipment and plants, while the top important to recognize the degree of control tion. eight steel producers invested $1.2 blllion exercised by Wall Street, and it is a valuable JANUARY 23, 1974. for their expansion. organizing slogan that revises the best of the [FR Doc. 74-2359 Filed 1-29-74; 8:45 am] Relatively moderate-sized ut1llties Uke Populist imagery. But there is little progress Arkansas Power & Light, Florida Power, or in just putting southern faces and southern Carolina Power & Light spent more in capi­ banks in place of the Yankees. What is needed tal expansion than did Chrysler Motors is a restructuring of the entire industry to ($114,000,000): and the bigger ones, like Vir­ cut out the profits, cut out the parasitic THE SOUTH AND THE ENERGY money market altogether, and put the reins CRISIS ginia Electric, Duke Power, and Florida Power & Light, spent three times this amount. The of the company in the hands of people that Southern Company, holding company for care about decent service now and for the HON. ANDREW YOUNG utillties in four southeastern states, spent future. That means people who we see, who more in 1971 on capital expansion 1n those live in our neighborhoods, who work With OF GEORGIA four states than did General Electric, IT&T us-people who we can yell at if we don't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or Ford Motor on a world-Wide scale I like what they're doing and who wlll have to listen. That's accountab111ty. Wednesday, January 30, 1974 Because of the tremendous amounts of capital they require, electric ut111ties have There are models for such control of utm­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, historically been subject to the will of the ties, and Joseph Hughes in the following ar­ the fall issue of Southern Exposure, a Yankee money markets. They have to go to ticle describes their historical roots and their quarterly magazine published by the At­ Wall Street to borrow their money, and contemporary appllcation. Two other fine ar­ lanta-based Institute for Southern Wall Street is adept at exacting a high price ticles that present even more detatl can be in return. The large banks, insurance com­ found in the Spring issue of People's Appala­ Studies, included a special supplement on panies and brokerage houses demand grow­ chia, the magazine of the People's Appala­ Southern power companies. illg, ever expanding profits on each dollar chian Research Collective (see "Resources" In this period of an "energy crisis," they invest. In the past, the utilities have on inside back cover for address) . In the first there is great interest in the energy in­ met this requirement by promoting the sale article, Richard Simon and Roger Lesser pro­ dustries, and I therefore submit for the of more and more electricity and by making vide an imaginative strategy for developing RECORD Southern Exposure's summary of their plants more "efficient." There was little a region economically (for them it's Appa­ regard for what the consequences of such lachia and involves financing all types of its special supplement. The magazine's small cooperative businesses and service address is policies would be, except that they yielded editorial and subscription office the greater profits needed for more expan­ units) with the capital generated by popular Southern Exposure, P.O. Box 230, Chapel sion. Today's energy crisis 1s the product of control of the area's energy companies, es­ Hill, N.C. 27514. such private enterprise at work. pecially the electric utilities. Also in People's The article follows: Appalachia, David Whisnant explores the his­ SOUTHERN POWER COMPANIES tory of Public Utlllty Districts, their capacity •There are 3,500 electric ut1llty systems in to provide resources for community develop­ Every month millions of Americans drop a the country. Some 450 of these are investor­ ment, and the attempt to institute such check for fifteen, or thirty, or even fifty dol­ owned, and ot this number about 75 have Districts in Appalachia. lars in the mall, addressed to their local annual revenues exceeding $100,000,000. More The Georgia Power Project in Atlanta has power company. The light bill 1s as "normal" than 2,000 systems are owned by nonfederal met With incredible success in organizing to us as the light sWitch. And the ubiquitous public agencies (primartly municipal gov­ against rate increases and for public owner• nature of both-and the lack of control over ernments, Uke Jacksonville, Florida's Elec­ ship of the local private ut111ty, as Hughes either-are a. reflection of the immense 1n­ tric Authority), about 1,000 are rural elec­ explains here. Combining the assets of south• 'fiuence the electric industry has come to have tric cooperatives, and 41 are federal govern­ ern regionalism-the precedent o! TVA, pop­ over our llves. That's one reason control of ment projects. Because of TVA, the relatively ulist rhetoric and an instinctive disgust for such a business by communities is so im­ large portion of southerners Uving 1n rural Yankee bankers-the project has been able portant. areas, and the earlier movements for pubUc to raise crucial questions of community­ There are more reasons: The quality ot ownership of ut1llties, the South has more oriented service versus private gain by the service, the chance for decent work oppor­ than its share of the publicly ownec1 utlllty few, and at the same time home in on speclflc tunities, the use of huge amounts of cash and business. With only 26% of the nation's pOp­ abuses of the company, especially racial dis• invested capital. It takes money to make crimination, advertising costs, and regressive money, and the uttlity industry takes more ulation, the South has 54% of the residents money to keep it going than any other busi­ served by rural cooperatives living Within rates. ness in America; it's the most capital-inten­ its boundaries, and 50% of the revenues of The second part of this special supple­ sive industry, 'Which means it consumes ~rge these firms. Because of the cheaper price of ment is a research methodology guide far amounts of capital (put into generating electricity in the South, brought about par­ investigating your local power company. It 1& plants, transmission towers, etc.) to produce tially because ot TVA and public power, the self-explanatory and is included as a re­ each dollar worth of electricity. In the South, average resident in the region consumes more source. It is, of course, applicable to research where labor-intensive industries (like tex­ ; kilowatt hours than his northern counter­ and organizing of other companies. The par­ tiles. apparels and furniture) prevail, the part, and pays a smaller bill. ticular metb.od. and madness grew out of Bob 1530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 30, 1974 Hall's research of the Georgia Power Com­ belittling the danger that this process wUl Party has already made substantial progress. pany in connection with the Georgia Power continue at an even faster rate. The Soviet There can be no bellttllng the danger that Project. Union has no compunction in shamelessly this process will continue at an even faster Why ut111tles are important institutions tn exploiting the relatively feeble .•. resistance mte. The Soviet Union has no compunction. the South can be seen from the array of cor­ of Indian pollticlans to material tempta­ in shamelessly exploiting the rel81tively feeble. porate affiliations representing local to in­ tions. but in view of India's poverty understand­ ternational power structures, as well as in ably feeble resistance of Indian potit1c1ans to the impressive assets of these firms and the Whlle we believe that a "detente" fs material temptations. equally impressive use of their (the rate pay­ taking place, the Soviet Union is doing Such, then, are the domestic dangers th&t ers') money in self-serving and/or wasteful its best to expand and extend its own may ensue from the Soviet bear-hug of ways. The charts in the third section provide power and influence. Mr. Natorp reports India, bUJt they are nothing in comparison this data for each ut111ty and ut111ty holding that- with the international poUtical consequences company serving the thirteen southern states Soviet expansion in South Asia represents of an unhampered Soviet advance into South w1th electricity sales over $100,000,000. Thl a challenge to the United States. From its Asia. five utlllty holding companies each have two outposts in Aden and Somalia the Red Fleet For years Communist China has been most or more operating companies providing elec­ is slowly gaining ground in the Indian upset by Soviet activities ln this part of the tricity to southerners. Ocean. It may not yet possess naval bases world. For the Chinese the Soviet suggestion The key at the beginning of the charts ex­ on the Indian subcontinent, but the right of a collective security system is merely an­ plains the meaning of various terms and the to berth in certain ports is a first step in other term for en<:irclement. sources of the information. Of note are sev­ this direction. If the United States proposes This fear may be exa.ggerated, but there eral items: the control by a few northern to maintain a balance in this part the world can be no gainsaying that Soviet policy to­ banks of a significant percent of each com­ it must take prompt action. wards India. has a strong anti-Chinese pany's stock; the small amount of federal in­ flavour. Peking ca.n certainly be expected to come taxes paid by many firms, even though I wish to share this important article try and foil Soviet attempts to canvass sup­ the base rate is 48% of income over $lO,OOO; by Klaus Natorp from the December 7. port. the discrepancy between the average price of 1973, issue of Frankfurter Allgemeine Lending support to pro-Chinese revolution­ a kUowatt hour of electricity when bought Zeitung fur Deutschland with my col­ aries already organised in India (and their by a homeowner and by an industry; pay­ numbers could readily be increased) would ment of large sums to firms that are also leagues and insert it into the RECORD at be but one way of putting a damper on stockholders or interlocked with the board of this time. Indian enthusiasm about the alliance with directors of the utll1ty; and a number of out­ SOVIET ADVANCES INTO SOUTH ASIA the Soviet Union. rageous expenses, like Kentucky Power con­ MusT BE WATCHED Bangla Desh. a potential trouble spot pat' tributing money to New York University or Remembering how persistently the Soviet excellence, could be transformed into an in· Florida Power & Light buying football tick­ leaders pursued and eventually achieved ferno thwt might well burn India too. ets with ratepayer's money, or the country their ambition of convening a European se­ Another possibllity would be for Peking to club dues paid by Louisiana Power & Light or curity and cooperation conference, it is hard refuse to re-establish normal ties with India. West Texas Utilities, or the millions paid for to imagine the Kremlin slackening the pace Relations have been chtlly, not to say frozen, advertising by all the ut111ties to promote untU such time as it has achieved its equally for many years, although New Delhi would themselves and their product 1n a time when determined ambition of establishing a col• like to see an improvement. they say there's an unprecedented energy lective security system in Asia. At the same time China Inight supply crisis. During his recent visit to New Delhi Soviet Pakistan with such an arsenal of modern Party leader Mr Brezhnev recommended the weaponry th81t Islamabad could be tempted proposal so enthusiastically that even some to embark on fresh military adventures SOVIET ADVANCES INTO SOUTH of his Indian friends felt ill at ease. against neighbouring India. ASIA MUST BE WATCHED The Soviet advance in South Asia. deserves Last but not least Soviet expansion in all our attention. Were India., a sub-conti­ South Asia represents a. challenge to the nent of considerable size and strategic sig­ United States. From its outposts in Aden and HON. PHILIP M. CRANE nlftcance, one day to become fully depend­ Somalla the Red Fleet is slowly gaining yet OF ILLINOIS ent on the Soviet Union, the resulting gr01md in the Indian Ocean. !t may not changes would have repercussions for this possess naval bases on the Indian sub-con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country too. tinent, but the right to berth in certain porta Wednesday, January 30, 1974 This stage has not yet been reached but is a. first step in this direction. Soviet influence in India has powerfully in­ I! the Uni,ted States proposes to maintain a Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, while many ceased in recent years. Mrs Gandhi will balance in this part of the world it must take in the West are being successfully wooed doubtless have had her reasons for remind­ prompt action, especially if the Suez Canal by the Soviet Union's conciliatory words ing Mr Brezhnev on more than one occasion is reopened in the foreseeable future. concerning "detente," the actions of the in the course of his visit that her country In the West a regrettably large number of Soviet Union tell a far different story. intended to go its own way. politicians tend to dismiss India as unim­ Within the Soviet Union itself, a policy Adinittedly, since the conclusion of the portant. This factor has contributed towards Indo-Soviet friendship pact in late summer the Indian tendency to seek refuge in Soviet of re-Stalinization is being harshly ap­ 1971 India's ab111ty to resist the tempestuous backing. There is stm time to counteract this plied. Within the Communist wor~d. So­ courtship of a Soviet Union bent on closer growing Soviet influence. viet supremacy is more than ever being cooperation has been largely curtailed. KLAUS NATORP. imposed. Most important, perhaps, is the The Soviet leaders expect India to show (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung fur manner in which the Soviet Union is con­ gratitude for the political and m111tary serv­ Deutschland, 7 December 1973). tinuing to pursue its aggressive policies ices rendered during the clashes between toward non-Communist countries. India and Pakistan 1n respect of the sep­ At the present time, one of the Krem­ aratist movement in what ts now Bangla Desh. lin's key goals is the establishment of a The friendship pact with the Soviet Union PIONEER 10 Soviet-dominated collective security sys­ was highly praised in India two years ago. tem in Asia. During his recent visit to It gave New Delhi the much-needed back­ India, Soviet Party leader Brezhnev spent ing for an armed settlement of the Bengall HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE much of his time advancing this idea. crisis. Now the other side of the coin is in­ OF TEXAS Discussing the current Soviet moves in creasingly coming to the fore. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES South Asia, Klaus Natorp, writing in the It not only restricts India's foreign policy leeway, making nonsense of non-alignment; Wednesday, January 30, 1974 distinguished West German newspaper, tt also creates domestic problems such as Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, notes those occasioned by the Soviet desire to Jorge Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Mar­ that: closer links between the ruling parties in quis Childs in the Washington Post of The Soviet advance in South Asia deserves both countries. Tuesday, January 8, 1974. discusses the all our attention. Were India, a sub-con­ Congress could hardly resislt an offer of important contribution of Pioneer 10 to tinent of considerable size slze and strategic this kind. India stlll has its Communists, the knowledge of our solar system. As algn!ftcance, one day to become fully depend­ when ,all is said and done, and this move pointed out in Mr. Childs' article, the ent on the Soviet Union the re&ultlng changes would really embarrass them. benefits of space research and ot Pioneer would have repercussions. Yet at the same time New Delhi knows 10 will have a long-term effect on our life well enough how dangerous it is to co­ Mr. Natorp points out th.at within In­ operate with people who abolish democracy -.here on Earth. Not only does it provide dia's ruling Congress Party: wherever they can, replacing it 'with totali­ new knowledge of our Ul'livel'H, but tt Communist lnftltration ..• has alreac1y tarian rule. utilizes and nurtures the technology so made substantial progreM. There can be no Communist inftltraltton of the Congress essential to our national well-being. I January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1531 commend Mr. Childs' article to the read­ ter-Ganymede or Callisto--where there is a tradict that sense of pride. Now, from a mood ing of my colleagues and the general solid base. Wolfe talks about these matters of optimism about education, many people With the assurance of one who has mastered have become deeply pesslmlstic about wheth­ pUblic: the incredibly complex language of physics er schools can do anything. PIONEER 10: ADVENTURES IN NASA's and astrophysics. As the assault on schools unfolded, a. WONDERLAND The scientiftc brains that have gone into group of researchers from many countries (By Marquis Chllds) the Pioneer project are one of America's formed the International Association for the MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIF.-For an escapee greatest resources. They underwrite the tech­ Evaluation of Educational Achievement. from the muddied, muddled, quarrelsome nological-scientiftc lead that is perhaps this First nurtured by UNESCO, then forming a atmosphere of Washington, it is an adven­ country's greatest asset. separate organization, the association be­ ture to come here to NASA's Ames Research lieved that the evaluation of education had Center~ The journey into space being directed to be viewed in a broad perspective--across from the center is thrilling evidence of nationa! boundaries. America's scientiftc and technological lead­ THE SCHOOLS DO MAKE A From 1959 to 1973, the group worked at ership. It is a strength which, if sustained, DIFFERENCE testing the achievement of students 1n dif­ can transcend the political frailties and ferent countries. The first report, on mathe• foibles of the moment. mattes, was completed in 1967. But the major The Pioneer 10 spacecraft has been travel­ HON. HERMAN BADILLO task has been a survey CY! achievement 1n siX ing for 21 months. Passing Within 82,000 OF NEW YORK subjects: reading, science, literature, civics, miles of the planet Jupiter only one minute IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES English as a foreign language and French off schedule, Pioneer sent back a mass of data as a. foreign language. about that planet With its radiation belt at Wednesday, January 30, 1974 The initial newspaper accounts of these least a hundred times greater than the Van Mr. BADn..LO. Mr. Speaker, we are in studies seemed to support the contentions of Allen Belt around the earth. the pessimists. However, an analysis of the While this was Pioneer's primary goal, it is the midst of a period of reassessment contents at a. conference held last Novem­ traveling on in space With four more years of and reevaluation of our nationaJ educa­ ber at the Harvard University School of Edu­ communication from a distance calculated tional policies. Pessimistic voices have cation produced a consensus that a mood of to be close to two billion miles. Two years been raised to proclaim flatly that the cautious optimism about schools was more from now Pioneer wnl be passing Saturn, schools are not doing the job expected warranted than pessimism and that a great which is tWice as far from the earth e.s of them, a reaction from the attitude of deal more sifting and thinking was needed. Jupiter. a decade ago that the schools would play The major findings of the association's re­ Nor is that the end of the journey. At one in ports might be summarized as follows: stage Pioneer will be passing Pluto, farthest a fundamental role solving all the There is a generally consistent relationship out of the planets in the solar system. Then, problems of our society. In finding their between the social class of a student and that for anyone interested in far-ou.t statistics, !or highest expectations unrealized, some student's relative achievement, particularly Pioneer traveling at 10 miles per second lt is educators and laymen have gone so far in reading. 8 million light years to Taurus. Project man­ as to declare that our schools are not The relationship between social class and ager Charles Hall reports this in all serious­ functioning at all. achievement is not consistent from countey ness, since in the frictionless atmosphere of Taking a more optimistic tack in this . to country or le levels, maximize dis­ "unjustified." I have not seen one T.V. spec­ under central economic controls." tmate production and to locate every barrel tacular rationalizing why there should be January 30, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1539 strict controls over energy, but not over handful of misguided zealots threaten to de­ ethical. A first step toward a solution is media prices and profits. liberately undermine a responsible industry disclosure. Incidentally, while Conoco was generating tha.t has been alerting Washington to the a miserly 38 percent increase in third quarter dangers of inaction and pointing to the vital We have seen how a few powerful and profits in 1973 over 1972, the Times was needs tor a coordinated national effort. moneyed interests can subtly exert nndue boosting its profits by 113 percent.. And over The soap and detergent industry can't influence in Government and in political the last 12 months, the Times has earned a shake its head and say, "That's too bad, but campaigns. Part of the solution, again, 16.6 percent return on equity, while we st it's your problem." It's more than that, for is disclosure, and in the case of political Conoco have had to get along on 12.3 percent. all industry and everyone in this nation campaigns, complete financial reform. Is there any doubt in your mind about the would be hurt by an ill-advised and emo­ And with the energy crisis at hand, relative risks of our businesses or respective tional anti-business response in Congress. If we have seen the public interest fall prey needs for profits in order to expand capital the petroleum indu~ is so crippled by tax­ investments? es and regulations that it cannot aggressively to the secret manipulations of the oil A final note on profits. Conoco's profit expand energy supplies, your industry will be companies. And again, part of the solu­ growth has come principally from foreign directly affected. If the mMketplace is con­ tion is disclosure. operations because of one-time inventory ad­ trolled and government is substituted for In each of these areas I have been justments to reflect increased values of in­ private industry, where will it stop? Who will active: I have introduced legislation call­ ventory. Price controls have kept domestic be your supplier of feedstocks? Slowly the ing for complete disclosure of all lobby­ oil and gas earnings increases to about 7 per­ institutions that have made America great ist activity, campaign contributions, and cent. will be destroyed not by accident, but by income tax returns for public officials; I For many years, Conoco has conducted a design. very aggressive program to develop new sup­ Further, it disturbs me deeply that legis­ have cosponsored Federal campaign fi­ plies of oil and gas in many countries, with lative processes that have stood the test of nancing legislation; and I have intro­ its greatest effort concentrated in the United time, and have permitted all sides of an duced legislation establishing a National States. In more recent years, we have under­ issue to be aired, are now being eroded aJt a Energy Information System which would taken programs to develop new supplies of frightening rate. When legislation can pass provide the Government with energy in­ coal and uranium in the United States, and Congress without critical committee analy­ formation it does not now have but these efforts have been larger than the aver­ sis and review, then the democratic process which it needs to make proper decisions. age for the energy industry. These programs has been bypassed. If tax measures can be It would now appear that similar first have required substantial amounts of in­ passed without review by the House Ways ternally-generated funds and extensive ex­ and Means or Senate Finance Committees, steps need to be taken with large private ternal financing. Our capital investment of then we have aborted an essential ingredient corporations. $1.4 billion in the last three years is about of a legislative process designed to prevent It would seem reasonable that the three times our earnings in this period. I'm emotional and Mbitrary action. larger and more powerful a corporation proud of this record and I think that if the There are sensible and rational answers to is, the more people that it affects and, American public knew what we and other this nation's energy problems. We can therefore, the more subject to public energy suppliers did with profits, they would weather the storm without widespread hard­ scrutiny it should be. However, a few of ship and economic loss 1f we respond intel- understand and approve not only our profits in but the magnitude of their reinvestment. 11gently. Adequate supplies of energy will us know much about who votes stock That leads me to my reasons for saying not flow from the destruction of private in­ the major multibillion dollar corpora­ there has been a conspiracy to destroy the dustry. Rather, they will flow from a co­ tions-entities whose wealth and influ­ industry. If media were conveying an objec­ operative effort between government and in­ ence are greater than that of many na­ tive presentation of facts regarding the dustry, assisted and encouraged by the pub­ tions. Removed from the public eye, energy crisis, the public and government lic. Let's ca.pttalize on our strength, m1n1- these companies often make decisions would not be responding negatively today. mlze our weaknesses, face our challenges as which rival, sometimes supersede in To the contrary, this nation would be re­ partners and be guided by the truth. It economic, social, and political impor­ sponding in a constructive fashion to develop ha.s been a. successful formula in the past new sources of energy. and it can resolve our present difficulties. tance actions taken by States or even Apparently, many in media are not in­ The Wall Street Journal, in an editorial en­ the Congress. terested., for I have tried. On December 6, titled "The Great on Conspiracy", summed The sum of the information which is I appeared before the Haskell Subcommittee 1t up pretty well when it concluded: currently available indicates that a few and testlfied as to concentration in the energy "To us, all of this looks a good deal less institutional stockowners are the key industry, presented an ana.lysis of industry like a conspiracy than like each company voters in many of the major corpora­ profits, and refuted allegations of contriv­ trying to cope on its own. Yet the conspiracy tions-it is generally considered in a ance and conspiracy. Although Morton Mintz theory will no doubt thrive, nudging Con­ widely held company that 5 percent of of the Washington Post and the wire serv­ gress to take all manner of punitive action ices were present during the testimony, and, against the companies, action that will pro­ the voting interest is controlling, if the although a press release was widely distrib­ long, not shorten, the energy crisis. We only rest of the ownership is scattered, and uted, not one T.V. network or anti-business hope that enough people can conceive that that concentration of stock control has newspaper mentioned the rebuttal. That just as a nation's foreign policy can be dis­ become an ominous characteristic of our same newspaper had headllned every un­ torted by believing 1n bogeymen in pin­ economic system. A study done by the Se­ supported charge against the industry. Two stripes, so energy policy can be warped by curities and Exchange Commission on weeks later, in a Ft. Worth speech, with visions of be.ndtts in the boardrooms." 620 representative companies showed widely distributed press releases, I repeated As my final note, allow me to repeat what. that various combinations of from 1 to the facts and asked media generally to do a tor months now, I have felt called upon to documentary or an editorial on why higher tell the nation: The only conspiracy I have 3 of the Nation's 230 institutional inves­ rates of return and profit increases are good witnessed is the one of industry orit1cs who tors voted at least 10 percent of the stock tor media, but bad for the energy industry. have consistently delayed and frustrated sen­ in a quarter of the companies. Some of None took me seriously. I can only conclude sible energy programs tor the past 10 years. the companies thus controlled included that there is a. large and important part of the such giants as Fiord, Chrysler, Gulf Oil, communications industry that does not want and Standard Oil of Indiana. the facts and both sides of this issue dis­ The 1972 reports filed by the airlines closed. to the public. At the same time our critics in Congress continue their cheap shots CORPORATE SECRECY with the Civil Aeronautics Board showed while ignoring factual answers to their dis­ that Chase Manhattan Bank is a major tortions. stockholder in most of the conntry's air­ Concern that media will not approach the HON. JEROME R. WALDIE lines: 6.5 percent of TWA, 9 percent of energy problem objectively has prompted in­ OF CALIFORNIA Eastern, 8.1 percent of National, and 7.5 dustry to resort to advertising to tell its side IN THE HOl':JSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent of American. Other sources show of the story. The same Congressional Uberals, afraid that the facts would become widely Wednesday, January 30, 1974 that Chase owns 6.8 percent of North­ known, suggested legislation and regulations Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, over the west, 7.26 percent of Western, and 8.5 which would prevent even this approach. last few years we have seen the decision­ percent of United. Why are they so afraid of the truth? making process of Government opened The bank held this stock with "nomi­ Thls 1s a. d.lsoouragtng period. At Conoco, nees," also known as "street names" or we a.re getting ready to begtn, in 1975, our up to public scrutiny, and recent history second century of service to the American emphasizes the need for still more open­ "straws" 1n the securlties trade, to hide people. Yet a.t the sa.m.e time, we see our first ness. This history has shown how secrecy the true beneficial ownership for report­ century of endeavor, respons1btl1ty, citlzen­ high 1n the Government decisionmaking ing purposes. shlp and positive contribution to the Amer­ process which affect the public interest Safeway, the second largest food chain ican way of life forgotten overnight. Now, a can often be misdirected, criminal or un- in the conntry,is another case in point- 1540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE January 31, 1974 nearly 50 percent of the stock was held tion volunt&.rily. Indeed, as Ralph Nader interlocking directorships among oil and last year by some of the largest insur­ stated during testimony before the Sen­ gas firms which may be in violation of the ance companies, banks, and trusts in the ate Select Committee on Small Business Clayton Act. country. Chase again appears, voting and in 1972: Mr. Speaker, no institution so critical owning 10 percent of Safeway stock Neither the SEC, the ctvll Aeronautics to the people's interest can maintain ac­ through its nominee, "Kane & Co.,'' an Board nor tlle Federal Power Commission countability if its machinations are organization which exists only on paper. penetrates the veil of so-called nominee shrouded with secrecy. Recent events In one of the most important of the shareholders to determine who the actual have accentuated the importance of owners are-corporate or individual--of the opening to public view more of the Gov­ Nation's industries, electric utilities, industries they purport to regulate. - Chase, using four different names. ap­ ernment's affairs, and steps are being pears among the top 10 stockholders of As a result, law enforcement and Gov­ taken. Similar steps need to be taken 42 utilities, including Pacific Gas & Elec­ ernment regulation in critically impor­ with large private corporations. tric; Morgan Guaranty Trust, using 12 tant aspects of our economy-including There should be easy access to the different names, is among the top 10 energy, communications, antitrust, and names and addresses of the individuals stockholders in 42 utilities; and the list environmental protection-are impeded voting major blocks of stock in large continues on to show that 14 banks are because responsibility for illegal or un­ corporations; principal creditors and each among the top 10 stockholders in 10 ethical actions is not easily ascertain­ amounts involved should be divulged; or more utilities, indicating the horizon­ able. Regulatory agencies as well as the and the relationships and affiliations be­ tal influence of institutional investors Department of Justice need the informa­ tween officers of different corporations .across an entire industry. tion for antitrust law. Congress needs, if should be disclosed. The information The full extent and effect of corporate we are to seriously cope with the energy should be continually updated and pub­ ownership concentration is not known. crisis, current data on the oil companies, licly available. Corporate documents have never been on their acquisition of coal companies, As Theodore Roosevelt eloquently public record; their transactions are pri­ uranium companies, and mineral leases, stated in 1901 when calling for exten­ vate except for a few ·outside of the as well as their connections with trans­ sive disclosure of the financial affairs of privileged "insider class." What this in­ portation interests. In 1971, it was de­ large corporations! formation means is that the control of termined that oil companies owned 30 Great corporations exist only because they many large corporations is in the hands percent of our coal reserves and 50 per­ are created and safeguarded by our institu­ of a small group of managers of invest­ cent of our uranium reserves, the signifi­ tions; and it 1s our right and our duty to cance of which is apparent. see that they work in harmony with these ment portfolios, unknown and, as a re­ institutions. sult, unaccountable to the public. And In addition to the veil of nominees corporate secrecy is perpetuating that shrouding corporate behavior, corporate While the Judiciary Committee is un­ control. Only recently, through the dili­ power and control is increased through derstandably occupied with pending im­ gence of Senator METCALF of Montana, command over credit and interlocking peachment proceedings, I believe it and Vic Reinemer, staff director of the directorships. For example, it was deter­ should not delay any longer in commenc­ Senate Subcommittee on Budgeting, mined that Continental Oil has direct ing hearings and investigations to deter­ Management, and Expenditures, could director interlocks with three banks, one mine what changes may be needed in our the general public find out that Fiveco, insurance company and two coal com­ commercial law to insure that major Forco, Octo, Oneco, Treco and Twoco panies. "Indirectly, these six companies corporations function in harmony with are all code words for the Prudential In­ have secondarily overlaps with seven of the public interest. The Judiciary Com­ surance Co., by consulting a nominee list the country's largest insurance com­ mittee should also investigate evidence now printed by the Government Print­ panies, two investment companies, two which indicates widespread violations of ing Office. Even so, Federal regulatory foundations, seven other oil companies, antitrust laws by U.S. corporations, in­ agencies have a marginal record in bat­ five banks, five of the largest utilities­ cluding oil companies and the Nation's tling through the maze of nominees to two uranium companies, and two gas institutional investors, with a resulting obtain ownership information, and many pipelines." Additionally, Congressman restrail).t of trade and illegal control of companies refuse to divulge the informa- LES AsPIN has recently released a list of consumer prices.

HOUSE OF REPRE · SENTATIVE ~ S-Thursday, January 31, 1974 , The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ceedings and announces to the House his DR. WALTER G. NUNN Rev. Walter G. Nunn, First Baptist approval thereof.