THE ENVIRONMENT CHANGES and CHRONOLOGY of the LATE VISTULIAN (WEICHSELIAN) SEDIMENTS in the RĄBIEŃ MIRE Michczyńska D.J.12 , Forysiak J

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THE ENVIRONMENT CHANGES AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE LATE VISTULIAN (WEICHSELIAN) SEDIMENTS IN THE RĄBIEŃ MIRE Michczyńska D.J.12 , Forysiak J. , Pawłowski D. 3, Płóciennik M. 4 , Borówka R.K. 5 , Witkowski A. 5 , Obremska M.67589 , Słowiński M. , Żurek S. , Brooks S.J. , Michczyński A. 1 1GADAM Centre of Excellence, Institute of Physics - SE, Silesian University of Technology, Bolesława Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 2Department of Geomorphology and Palaeogeography, University of Łódź, Narutowicza 88, 90-139 Łódź, Poland 3Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geology, Maków Polnych 16, 61-606 Poznań, Poland 4Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland 5Geology and Palaogeography Unit, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 18, Szczecin 70-383, Poland 6Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences,Research Centre in Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland 7Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kopernika 19, 87-100 Toruń, Poland 8Szareckiego 6/48, 01-493 Warszawa, Poland 9Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, Great Britain

LOCATION and DESCRIPTION: Rąbień mire is located in central Poland, in the morainic Łask Upland, about 11 km to the west of Łódź. The mire is situated in an oval depression surrounded by dunes. The deposits contain mainly biogenic sediments, consisting of gyttja and peat. Lake sediments form the base of the profile (6.2-1.8 m) are covered with peat. From the deepest part of the mire, a 6.2 m core was taken (R-II). Rąbień mire was previously the subject of palaeobotanical and geological studies (Balwierz 2005; Kloss 2005; Kloss and Żurek 2005).These 51°° 48’28’’- 51 48’07’’N and 19°° 17’45’’- 19 18’37’’E studies indicate that gyttja deposition started during the Oldest Dryas and continued to present day. The present palaeoecological and chronological study focuses on the lower section of the R-II sequence, which is a fairly complete sedimentary record from approximately 15 to 12 ka cal BP.

m ABAGE - DEPTH RELATION: n.p.m. WE 194 The stratigraphic framework for the Rąbień profile was constructed on the basis of ten radiocarbon dates of

192 3 R-II organic material using the P-Sequence function of the OxCal calibration programme. This indicates the base of

190 6 the profile is 14920-14500 cal yr BP (68.2% conf. interval). The lithological and geochemical data indicate that 2 5 188 sudden changes in deposition rate took place at 1.8, 4.1 and 4.4 m. B 4 1 Rąbień 186 1 A 184 182 Calendar values of chronozone boundaries according to 010.5 1.5 km INTIMATE Stratigraphy vs. calibration curve IntCal 09: Rąbień Geological cross-sections (Forysiak, 2012 ) Pleniweichselian: 1– vari-grained sands with an admixture of silts and GS-2 / GI-1e Oldest Dryas / Bolling 14642±93 cal BP gravels;–– Late Weichselian/Holocene: 2 aeolian sands (cover), 3 aeolian GI-1e / GI-1d Bolling / Older Dryas 14025±85 cal BP sands in dunes, 4–– gyttja, 5 peat, 6 - water GI-1d / GI-1c Older Dryas / Allerod 13904±83 cal BP GI-1c / GI-1b 13261±75 cal BP GI-1b / GI-1a 13049±72 cal BP GI-1a / GS-1 Allerod / Younger Dryas 12846±69 cal BP

12000

GS-1 YD IntCal09 R-II

0 0,5 1 km 1 3 5 7 9 GI-1a 13000 2 4 6 8 10 A GI-1b cal BP Allerod Geomorphological sketch Rąbień peatland (Forysiak, 2012 ) GI-1c 1234 R-II 5 6 0 50 100 m 1 – fluvioglacial hillocks; 2 – fluvial-perglacial plains; 3 – 123456 m valley bottoms; 4 – aeolian sand sheets; 5 – dunes; 6 – 14000 GI-1d Older Dryas slopes; 7 – denudational valleys; 8 – peatland; 9 – streams; 1–;–;–; thickness of biogenic deposits 2 dump 3 post-exploitation basins 10 – line of geological cross-sectionAB 4–;– location of the R-II core 5 boreholes (Forysiak, 2012 ) GI-1e Bolling

GS-2 Oldest Dryas 15000 PROXY DATA -44 -42 -40 -38 -36 10000 11000 12000 13000 18 14 Below are presented choosen proxies vs depth and vs age. Values of AX1 and d O, ‰ CBP AX2 (PCA or DCA curves) were calculated with using CANOCO 4.5 software:

Lithology Organic matter Na K Ca Mg Fe/Mn PCA DCA Total sum of DCA Total sum of July air temp. Pinus Betula LPAZ DCA Chara sp. (%) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) Chemical analysis Cladocera specimens Chironomidae specimens reconstruction (%) (%) Macrofossils -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Cladocera 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 Chironomidae Chironomidae 01234 (°C) 400 GdA-2552 10060±45 Va Rb7

IV YD

Rb6 450

GdA-2553 11180±45

III 500 GdA-2554 Rb5 11625±45 Allerod Depth (cm) Rb4

550 Older Rb3 GdA-2556 ? 12210±45 Dryas

II Rb2 Bolling 600 GdA-2891 12530±70 I Oldest AX1(38.3%) AX1(34.6%) Dryas AX1(13.3%) Rb1 AX1 AX2 (17%) AX2 (11.1%) AX2(8.2%) AX2

0 204060800.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.01.02.03.04.0 0 3000 6000 020000 100 200 300 3.02.01.00.02.0 2.5 3.0 0 2000 4000 6000 9.69.28.88.48.07.60 100 200 8.0 12.0 16.0 0 204060 02040 01234 0 100 200 300 400

Lithology Organic matter Na K Ca Mg Fe/Mn PCA DCA Total sum of DCA Total sum of July air temp. Pinus Betula DCA Chara sp. INTIMATE This (%) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) Chemical analysis Cladocera specimens Chironomidae specimens reconstruction (%) (%) Macrofossils event stratigraphy study -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 0.00.51.01.52.02.5Cladocera 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 Chironomidae Chironomidae 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 (°C) Holocene Holocene

12000

GS-1 YD GS-1

GI-1a 13000 GI-1a GI-1b GI-1b Allerod

Cal age (BP) GI-1c GI-1c

14000 GI-1d Older Dryas GI-1d

GI-1e Bolling GI-1e

AX1(38.3%) AX1(34.6%) AX1(13.3%) AX1 GS-2 Oldest Dryas GS-2 AX2 (17%) AX2 (11.1%) AX2(8.2%) AX2 15000 0 204060800.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 0 3000 6000 0 2000 0 100 200 300 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 2000 4000 6000 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.4 0100200 8.0 12.0 16.0 0204060 0 1020304050 01234 0 100 200 300 400

CONCLUSIONS: REFERENCES The biotic and radiocarbon data are consistent and indicate the main climatic phases recognized in other Polish and European Balwierz Z. , 2005 – The history of vegetation of the Rąbień Mire region.Monogr. Bot ., 94:135- records 144. General agreement between proxy data for site Rąbień and INTIMATE event stratigraphy is visible, although particular Forysiak J., 2012 - Zapis zmian środowiska przyrodniczego późnego vistulianu i holocenu w boundaries are shifted. The Younger Dryas (GS-1) onset is recorded one houndred years later than in Greenland ice core NGRIP osadach torfowisk regionu łódzkiego.Acta Geographica Lodziensia 99: 1-164 - near 12750 cal BP in Rąbień and 12850 cal BP in NGRIP Kloss M., 2005 – Identification of subfossil plant communities and paleohydrological changes in a raised mire development.Monogr. Bot. , 94: 81-116. Kloss M., Żurek S., 2005 – Geology of raised mire deposits.Monogr. Bot. , 94: 65-80. Presented studies were obtained in the framework of interdisciplinary research projects from the Polish Ministry of Science and Żurek S. , 2005 – Abiotic natural environment in the area of selected raised mires. Monogr. Higher Education, NN306 276735 and Polish National Science Centre, N N306 034040. Bot., 94: 19-36.