DOCSLIB.ORG

Food Security in Vulnerable Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food Security in Vulnerable Islands FOOD SECURITY IN VULNERABLE ISLANDS A REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY ATLAS OF THE PACIFIC Foreword What is The Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific? The Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific is a joint publication by the Pacific Community (SPC) and the World Food Programme (WFP). It is generously funded by the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade. The 2018 Atlas provides a spatial overview of the core issues that affect food security across the Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Divided into nine topical sections, the Atlas provides the reader with information and knowledge on the causes and outcomes of food security and nutrition in the region. The Pacific is prone to natural disasters. To be able to respond quickly and effectively after the occurrence of a disaster, accurate and up to date data is essential. The Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific is intended to provide a baseline of statistical information that can be helpful to decision makers to improve food security and the nutritional status of vulnerable people across the Pacific Island countries. It is hoped that the 2018 Food Security Atlas for the Pacific will contribute to attaining the Sustainable Development Goal 2: end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Anthony Freeman Director of Pacific Office United Nations World Food Programme, Fiji Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific FOOD SECURITY IN VULNERABLE ISLANDS A REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY ATLAS OF THE PACIFIC Contents section section FISH CONSUMPTION 11 THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 01 OBESITY RATES 13 01 04 UNDERNUTRITION 15 reference diets & nutrition section section POPULATION 03 LIVELIHOODS 17 02 URBAN POPULATION 05 05 demographics livelihoods section section POVERTY RATES 07 GENDER 19 03 CHRONIC HUNGER 09 06 poverty gender section CYCLONE RISK 21 EL NIÑO RISKS 23 07 SEA-LEVEL RISE 25 climate risk section ACCESS TO WATER 27 08 ACCESS TO SANITATION 29 water & sanitation section TRADE FLOWS 31 09 ROADS 33 trade & infrastructure THE PACIFIC ISLANDS TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES Spreading over a distance of 10,000 km, the Pacific Islands comprise nations After the Second World War several of the islands in the Pacific became territories or and territories of Oceania. The region is generally divided into three sub-regions dependencies of other countries. While several of the islands have become independent – Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia – with distinct geographic and cultural states in the last few decades, a number of island groups maintain their status as a features. dependency or territory; a small number of independent island states have also signed a Compact with the United States to ensure long-term assistance. Below is a list of these MELANESIA countries. The arc of islands located north of Australia and south of the Equator is known as Melanesia, named after the dark-skinned peoples of these islands. This island group includes Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji. The sub-region is characterized by relatively larger islands of ISLAND GROUPS STATUS predominantly volcanic nature and complex topography. Marshall Islands Independent states that have Palau signed a Compact with the United MICRONESIA Federated States of Micronesia } States North of the Equator and east of the Philippines are the Micronesian islands, named accordingly due to the relatively small size of the islands. This group Guam Insular area of the United includes Palau, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Northern Mariana Islands States Micronesia, Nauru, the Marshall Islands and Kiribati. The group includes 2,100 American Samoa } islands with a total area of 2,700 km2 with many atoll and low-lying islands. French Polynesia Overseas country of France POLYNESIA New Caledonia } In the Eastern Pacific, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Tokelau, Samoa, American Samoa, Wallis & Futuna Tonga, Niue, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia and the Pitcairn Islands comprise the largest island group, Polynesia, named after the many islands of this group. Dependent territory of New Tokelau } Characterized by a small amount of land spread over a large portion of the Zealand southern Pacific Ocean, islands in this group are predominantly of volcanic origin. Pitcairn Islands } British overseas territory Cook Islands Non-United Nations member Niue } states Page 1 Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific Micronesia is a region comprising of 2,100 small islands in the Western Pacific Ocean. The Polynesian group is composed of nations with numerous islands (poly = many). The Melanesian region is named after the population, who were deemed to have darker complexion than those in the other island nations. NOTE: The presentation of the material on this map do not imply the expression Page 2 Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WFP concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. POPULATION TRENDS A GROWING POPULATION? The population of the Pacific islands has grown five-fold between 1950 and 2015, Over 11 million people live in the Pacific Islands. The relatively small largely due to population growth in Vanuatu (highest growth rate at 2.5%), Papua population of the region is dispersed over a vast territory covering an area 2 New Guinea, Fiji and Solomon Islands. Migration has been a way of life for Pacific of over 13,000 km . islanders and migration continues to affect the growth and distribution of Pacific populations. In recent years, much of the migration has been in the form of rural- The largest countries by population are in the Melanesian group with urban population movements, particularly as people from the outer islands move to Solomon Islands, Fiji and Papua New Guinea having over 600,000; urban centers. Indeed, in many Pacific islands urban population growth is greater 800,000; and 8 million inhabitants respectively. The three countries account than national population growth. for almost 90% of the population in the region. The Micronesian islands have medium-sized populations relative to other Pacific islands but are dispersed Despite the growth trend at the regional level, over 16,000 Pacific islanders leave over many remote islands. The smallest countries by population are located in their countries every year – mainly to Australia and New Zealand. Several islands the Polynesian group, with countries such as Pitcairn (57), Niue (1,611) and including the Cook Islands, Niue and Tuvalu are experiencing depopulation trends Tokelau (1,411) having populations of under 2,000 inhabitants. Other with the more remote outer islands being particularly affected. Polynesian islands (apart from French Polynesia) also have relatively small numbers of people spread over several islands. Despite relatively small population numbers, there are areas of the Pacific that have high population densities such as Ebeye (Marshall Islands) and POPULATION GROWTH IN THE PACIFIC (1950-2015) South Tarawa (Kiribati). In fragile atoll environments such as these, high population densities stress limited water resources, sanitation, and land 12 000 000 availability. 10 000 000 Population growth rate in the region is relatively low – at 2%. International 8 000 000 migration, mainly to Australia and New Zealand is keeping population growth levels low. One of the consequences of migration is the reduced 6 000 000 availability of specialized labour in the Pacific countries, but on the flipside, migrants are supporting family members in their home countries through 4 000 000 remittances which is significantly changing the economy of the region. 2 000 000 0 19501955196019651970197519801985199019952000200520102015 Source: UN Population Fund (2016) Page 3 Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific Population has increased almost fourfold since the 1950s with most of the population growth occurring in PNG, Fiji and the Solomon Islands . PNG has one of the highest annual growth rates (2.3%) and represents 71% of the population in the Pacific. However, some countries have experienced a decrease in population. Page 4 Regional Food Security Atlas of the Pacific THE URBANIZATION OF THE PACIFIC THE CHALLENGES OF URBANIZATION An estimated 34% of the peoples of the Pacific Islands live in urban areas. around Urbanization rates are high and are primarily responsible for the population growth experienced in the Pacific. Urban growth rates are particularly high in 34% of the population Melanesian countries: for instance, in the Solomon Islands, urban growth rate of the Pacific Islands lives exceeds the national population growth rate by a factor of two. in urban areas CHANGING DIETS As the population of the Pacific Islands becomes increasingly urbanized, their diets are changing from traditional root crop based cuisines to a higher migration from rural to urban areas reliance on imported foods – particularly rice, noodles and processed foods. has led to the rise of a Nevertheless, in most Pacific Island nations, urban populations supplement their diets and income with home gardens. cash economy EMERGING CHALLENGES Most of the economies of the Pacific Islands are still transitioning from being predominantly rural to largely urban; as a result countries are experiencing urban dwellers are increasingly consuming labour shortage. A higher reliance on imported foods also means that urban populations are vulnerable to food price spikes and can be heavily affected imported foods such as rice, noodles and processed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traditional Leadership in the Constitution of the Marshall Islands
    TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS by C. J. LYNCH Working Papers Series Pacific Islands Studies Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Joe Lynch is a consultant on legislation and constitutional drafting whose long experience in the Pacific encompasses island areas in Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Robert C. Kiste, Director Pacific Islands Studies Program Center for Asian and Pacific Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (With Comparative Notes) C. J. Lynch 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v Introductory 1 Part I. THE COUNCIL OF IROIJ l. The precursors 3 2. Functions of the Council 4 (a) General 4 (b) Relations with the Nitijela 6 ( c) The Council in action 9 3. Composition of the Council 10 4. Procedures of the Council 13 5. Miscellaneous matters 14 6. Comparisons 16 (a) Palau 16 (b) The Federated States of Micronesia 17 (c) Yap 18 (d) Vanuatu 21 (e) Western Samoa 22 (f) The Cook Islands 22 (g) Comment 24 Part II. THE TRADITIONAL RIGHTS COURT 7. The Traditional Rights Court and the judicial system 27 ADDENDUM: Two problems of interpretation 8. Comparisons and comment 34 Part III. CONCLUSION 9. General comments 35 10. Is a traditional input desirable? 37 APPENDIX 42 NOTES 43 iii PREFACE It hardly needs to be said that this paper is written by a lawyer and from a lawyer's point of view. This fact, however , necessarily means that it is selective, firstly in the aspects of its subject that are considered and secondly in the detail (especially on non-legal aspects) into which it goes.
    [Show full text]
  • Backwash Sediment Record of the 2009 South
    Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami Brieuc Riou, Eric Chaumillon, Catherine Chagué, Pierre Sabatier, Jean-Luc Schneider, John-Patrick Walsh, Atun Zawadzki, Daniela Fierro To cite this version: Brieuc Riou, Eric Chaumillon, Catherine Chagué, Pierre Sabatier, Jean-Luc Schneider, et al.. Back- wash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2020, 10, pp.4149. 10.1038/s41598-020-60746-4. hal- 02544141 HAL Id: hal-02544141 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02544141 Submitted on 12 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacifc Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami Brieuc Riou1,2*, Eric Chaumillon1, Catherine Chagué3, Pierre Sabatier4, Jean-Luc Schneider2, John-Patrick Walsh5, Atun Zawadzki6 & Daniela Fierro6 Following recent tsunamis, most studies have focused on the onshore deposits, while the ofshore backwash deposits, crucial for a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes during such events and ofering an opportunity for sedimentary archives of past tsunamis, have mostly been omitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Study (Focusing on Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu
    1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Hazard exposure 1.1. Pacific island countries (PICs) are vulnerable to a broad range of natural disasters stemming from hydro-meteorological (such as cyclones, droughts, landslide and floods) and geo-physical hazards (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis). In any given year, it is likely that Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu are either hit by, or recovering from, a major natural disaster. 1.2. The impact of natural disasters is estimated by the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative as equivalent to an annualized loss of 6.6% of GDP in Vanuatu, and 4.3% in Tonga. For Fiji, the average asset losses due to tropical cyclones and floods are estimated at more than 5%. 1.3. In 2014, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Ian caused damage equivalent to 11% to Tonga's GDP. It was followed in 2018 by damage close to 38% of GDP from TC Gita. In 2015, category five TC Pam displaced 25% of Vanuatu's population and provoked damage estimated at 64% of GDP. In Fiji, Tropical Cyclone Winston affected 62% of the population and wrought damage amounting to 31% of GDP, only some three and a half years after the passage of Tropical Cyclone Evan. 1.4. Vanuatu and Tonga rank number one and two in global indices of natural disaster risk. Seismic hazard is an ever-present danger for both, together with secondary risks arising from tsunamis and landslides. Some 240 earthquakes, ranging in magnitude between 3.3 and 7.1 on the Richter Scale, struck Vanuatu and its surrounding region in the first ten months of 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Freshwater
    State of the Environment report 2012 | Our freshwater Surface water quality OUR Northland has an extensive network of rivers flowing and muddy because the land is FRESHWATER and streams. None of them are considered dominated by deeply weathered geology and major on a national scale as Northland's fine clay soils. narrow land mass means most rivers are relatively short with small catchments. Most of Northland also has a large number of small, the major rivers flow into harbours, rather than shallow lakes and associated wetlands. Most discharging directly to the open coast which of these have been formed between stabilised means contaminants tend to take longer to sand dunes on the west coast. These dune disperse from these sheltered environments. lakes are grouped on the Aupōuri, Karikari and Poutō peninsulas. Most are between five and The Northern Wairoa River is Northland's 35 hectares in area and are generally less than largest river, draining a catchment area of 15 metres deep. However, Lake Taharoa of the 3650 square kilometres, or 29 percent of Kai Iwi group near Dargaville is one of the Northland's land area. largest and deepest dune lakes in New Zealand. It covers an area of 237ha and is 37m Flows in rivers vary considerably with rainfall deep. There are also a few volcanic and man- and high intensity storms causing flash floods, made lakes. Northland’s largest lake is Lake while prolonged dry spells lead to very low Ōmāpere, which is 1160ha in area and located flows in many smaller catchments. Northland’s to the north of Kaikohe.
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands & French Polynesia Joint Media Statement
    GOVERNMENTS OF THE COOK ISLANDS & FRENCH POLYNESIA JOINT MEDIA STATEMENT: AUTHORISED FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE LEADERS HAIL NEW DAWN FOR POLYNESIAN NEIGHBOURS NOW CONNECTING AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT – joint statement by leaders of French Polynesia and Cook Islands – – ground breaking transnational partnership comes to fruition – – Cook Islands consumers now benefiting from first ever international fibre connectivity – – French Polynesia’s OPT and Cook Island’s Avaroa Cable in extended commercial deal – RAROTONGA, COOK ISLANDS & TAHITI, FRENCH POLYNESIA, 23 SEPTEMBER 2020: Political leaders in the Cook Islands and French Polynesia today paid tribute to the fruition of a ground breaking international partnership that has created the Manatua One Polynesia cable. Page 1 of 5 The 3600km cable concept grew from a ‘twinkle in the eye’ of regional leaders into an International Treaty signed in April 2017, and a delivery and operating contract between the four national operators agreed in Auckland, New Zealand in November 2018. The cable installation was declared complete earlier this year, on time and within budget despite the prevailing global crisis. Today, leaders celebrated the further collaboration between Avaroa Cable in the Cook Islands and OPT in French Polynesia which has put in place the first ever live fibre cable internet connectivity from the Cook Island to the global internet. This will enable the transformation of the internet user experience in Rarotonga and Aitutaki in the Cook Islands, supercharging their connections. The Manatua One Polynesia Cable Project is the first international collaboration of its kind in the Pacific and has been seen as a future model for cooperation. The initiative aims to transform the affordability, speed, reliability and resilience of regional connectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Layout
    Disaster Risk Assessment and Recovery Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Pacific Islands. The World Bank UAV4Resilience Project - Update Malcolm Archbold Consultant, World Bank 27 November 2019 Pacific Islands GIS & RS Conference 2019 Introduction Pacific Island nations are some of the most vulnerable to natural disasters • Cyclone Waka – 2001 – Tonga • Cyclone Heta – 2003 – Tonga, Niue, American Samoa • Cyclone Lin – 2008 – Fiji • Cyclone Wilma – 2010 – Solomon Islands, Tonga • Cyclone Ian – 2013 – Fiji, Tonga • Cyclone Pam – 2014 – Vanuatu • Cyclone Winston – 2016 – Fiji • Cyclone Gita – 2018 - Tonga Cyclone Ian, Vanuatu, Jan 2014 The World Bank UAV4Resilence Project • Assess the utility of UAVs in Disaster Management for the SW Pacific • Identify the potential cost-benefits of UAVs for disaster assessment • Develop Standard Operating Procedures for in country operations UAV4Resilence Project UAV Challenge Project – October 2017 Cyclone Gita – Feb 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga OpenAerialMap.org UAV Training and Capacity Building • Commence in May 2019 • Objectives: • Assist in procurement, training and capacity building • Involve Govt Disaster Management organisations and associated Govt Depts/Ministries • Facilitate cooperation and communication between Govt Depts and local Civil Aviation and Air Traffic Control authorities. DroneFlyer Course (2 days) Day 1 Day 2 • Civil Aviation PRAS/drone rules • Review of Day 1 • Airspace • Semi
    [Show full text]
  • The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
    THE PACIFIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING POLICY AND LEGISLATION ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation 1 The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation THE PACIFIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING POLICY AND LEGISLATION ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Contents Glossary iv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of the study and acknowledgements 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 Findings of the institutional and policy analysis on DRR and CCA in the Pacific 3 Chapter 2. Joint National Action Plans on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change (JNAPs) – Regional Perspective 4 2.1 Background of the JNAPs 4 2.2 Intent to develop the JNAPs 5 2.3 Process to develop the JNAPs 6 2.4 Implementation of the JNAPs 7 Chapter 3. Country Studies – Tonga 10 3.1 Introduction 10 3.2 Joint National Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management 2010-2015 10 3.3 Emergency Management Act (2007) 16 Chapter 4. Country Studies – Cook Islands 19 4.1. Introduction 19 4.2 Te Kaveinga Nui – National Sustainable Development Plan 2011-2015 19 4.3 Disaster Risk Management Act (2007) 23 Chapter 5. Country Studies – Solomon Islands 26 5.1 Introduction 26 5.2 Joint framework for resilient development 26 5.3 Process towards the joint framework for resilient development 27 Chapter 6. Conclusions 29 References 32 Annex 1: Interviewees 34 Annex 2: Interview
    [Show full text]
  • Treaty Between the United States of America and the Cook Islands (1980)
    TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 10774 MARITIME BOUNDARIES Treaty Between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and the COOK ISLANDS Signed at Rarotonga June 11, 1980 NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE Pursuant to Public Law 89-497, approved July 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)- "... the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent evidence . of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and international agree- ments other than treaties, as the case may be, therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime jurisdiction, d in all the tribunals and public offices of the United States, and of the several States, without any further proof or authentication thereof." For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 COOK ISLANDS Maritime Boundaries Treaty signed at Rarotonga June 11, 1980; Transmitted by the President of the United States of America to the Senate September 2, 1980 (S. Ex. P, 96th Cong., 2d Sess.); Reported favorably by the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­ tions February 11, 1982 (S. Ex. Rept. No. 97­49, 97th Cong., 2d Sess.); Advice and consent to ratification by the Senate June 21, 1983; Ratified by the President August 16, 1983; Ratified by the Cook Islands September 8, 1983; Ratifications exchanged at Rarotonga September 8, 1983; Proclaimed by the President October 31, 1983; Entered into force September 8,
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Colonisation and Canoe Performance: Experiments in the Science of Sailing
    PACIFIC COLONISATION AND CANOE PERFORMANCE: EXPERIMENTS IN THE SCIENCE OF SAILING GEOFFREY IRWIN University of Auckland RICHARD G.J. FLAY University of Auckland The voyaging canoe was the primary artefact of Oceanic colonisation, but scarcity of direct evidence has led to uncertainty and debate about canoe sailing performance. In this paper we employ methods of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic analysis of sailing routinely used in naval architecture and yacht design, but rarely applied to questions of prehistory—so far. We discuss the history of Pacific sails and compare the performance of three different kinds of canoe hull representing simple and more developed forms, and we consider the implications for colonisation and later inter-island contact in Remote Oceania. Recent reviews of Lapita chronology suggest the initial settlement of Remote Oceania was not much before 1000 BC (Sheppard et al. 2015), and Tonga was reached not much more than a century later (Burley et al. 2012). After the long pause in West Polynesia the vast area of East Polynesia was settled between AD 900 and AD 1300 (Allen 2014, Dye 2015, Jacomb et al. 2014, Wilmshurst et al. 2011). Clearly canoes were able to transport founder populations to widely-scattered islands. In the case of New Zealand, modern Mäori trace their origins to several named canoes, genetic evidence indicates the founding population was substantial (Penney et al. 2002), and ancient DNA shows diversity of ancestral Mäori origins (Knapp et al. 2012). Debates about Pacific voyaging are perennial. Fifty years ago Andrew Sharp (1957, 1963) was sceptical about the ability of traditional navigators to find their way at sea and, more especially, to find their way back over long distances with sailing directions for others to follow.
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic Instability in the Paci C Island Territories
    Durham E-Theses Demographic instability in the pacic island territories Matoto, O. A. How to cite: Matoto, O. A. (1971) Demographic instability in the pacic island territories, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10011/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk DEMOGHAPHIC INSTABILITY Bf THE PACIFIC ISLAND TEREITORIES Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Durham, for the degree of M.A. 'O.A. Matoto B.A. (Auckland) University of Durham, Durham City, England, 1971. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. ABSTRACT The main purpose of this thesis is to show that demographic instability is a feature of the populations of the Pacific island territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Island Populations
    POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS / MID-YEAR POPULATION ESTIMATE / VITAL STATISTICS / POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS / ESTIMATION DE LA POPULATION EN CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE LA POPULATION STATISTIQUES VITALES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DE LA POPULATION MILIEU D’ANNÉE Crude Crude Crude Net Annual Estimated Average Land area Urban Dependency Teenage Fertility Population Average Birth Rate a Death Rate a Migration Growth Rate Annual Growth Rate b Median e Infant Mortality Rate COUNTRY/TERRITORY (km²) Last Density population at Annual Sex Ratio c Ratio Total Fertility Rate Rate f (15–19) COUNTRY/TERRITORY count at last Household (‰) (‰) Rate (‰) (%) (%) Age d (IMR, ‰) g Life Expectancy at Birth h population (persons/ last census (%) Intercensal (15–59) (TFR) 2 Size PAYS / TERRITOIRE Superficie census km ) Growth Rate 2020 2030 2050 PAYS / TERRITOIRE census Rapport de Rapport de Indice synthétique Fécondité des h (km²) Population Tx brut de Tx brut de Tx brut de Tx de Estimation du tx de c Âges f Tx de mortalité Espérance de vie à la naissance Taille a a b masculinité d e adolescentes Population Densité urbaine Tx annuel de natalité mortalité migration croissance croissance annuel médian dépendance de fécondité (ISF) infantile (TMI, ‰) g Dernier moyenne (15–19) au dernier (habitants/ au dernier croissance (‰) (‰) nette (‰) annuel (%) (%) (15–59) recensement des recensement km2) recensement intercensitaire TFR Year Year IMR Year Males Females Year ménages Total Total Total 2020 2020–30 2030–50 2020 % (%) ISF Année Année TMI Année Hommes Femmes Année MELANESIA 540,260
    [Show full text]