Index of Names

Home , Aaron ben Samuel Schor, Abravanel, Eliezer ben Nathan, Gershom ben Judah, Hillel II, Imrani

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82597-9 — The Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture Edited by Judith R. Baskin Index More Information

INDEX OF NAMES

∗indicates that there is an entry for this individual

∗Aaron: ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; DEAD SEA SCROLLS; Abraham, Pearl: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: WOMEN DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; EGYPT AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA) EXODUS, BOOK OF; HASMONEAN DYNASTY; INCENSE; Abrahams, A.: POETRY: BRITAIN ISRAELITES: RELIGION; LEVITICUS, BOOK OF; MIRIAM; Abramovich, Sholem Jacob: See Mendele Mokher Seforim MOSES; NUMBERS, BOOK OF; TABERNACLE; TEMPLE AND Abramovitsh, Bina: THEATER, YIDDISH TEMPLE CULT; WORSHIP Abrams, Morris: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Aaron ben Elijah: KARAISM Abrams, Nate: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Aaron ben Joseph: KARAISM Abramson, Larry: ART, ISRAELI ∗ Aaron of Karlin: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Abravanel, Benvenida: ABRAVANEL FAMILY; WOMEN: EARLY Aaron of Lincoln: ENGLAND: MIDDLE AGES MODERN EUROPE; WOMEN: MIDDLE AGES Aaron, Israel: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE ∗Abravanel, Isaac: ABRAVANEL FAMILY; BIBLICAL Aaronson, Lazarus: POETRY: BRITAIN COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; MIDDLE AGES: Abbaye, R.: AMORAIM JEWISH-CHRISTIAN POLEMICS; THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN; Abdullah I: ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF THE MODERN THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE STATE; JERUSALEM, 1948–1967 Abravanel, Jacob: ABRAVANEL FAMILY Abecassis,´ Eliette: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; Abravanel, Judah: ABRAVANEL FAMILY; THOUGHT, EARLY LITERATURE: FRANCE MODERN Abel: ADAM; CAIN AND ABEL; EVE; JACOB Abravanel, Samuel: ABRAVANEL FAMILY Aberlin, Rachel: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Abse, Dannie: POETRY: BRITAIN Abernathy, Ralph: UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Absalom: DAVID; LOVE; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; TAMAR (2 Abigail: DAVID; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL SAMUEL) REPRESENTATIONS Abu Aaron: ITALY Abihu: LEVITICUS, BOOK OF Abu’l Harun al-Faraj: KARAISM Abimelech: JUDGES, BOOK OF; SHECHEM Abu Lashin, Johar: SPORTS: ISRAEL Aboab, Immanuel: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN AbuNass¯ .r David b. Isaac ha-Levi: EGYPT: MIDDLE AGES ∗Abraham: AMMON; ARABIA; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; BETH EL; Abu-Shakra, Asim: ART, ISRAELI BIBLE: ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; BIBLE: NARRATIVE Abu Zayyad, Ziad: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT LITERATURE; CIRCUMCISION; COVENANT; DEUTERONOMY, ∗Abulafia, Abraham: KABBALAH; NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA); BOOK OF; ETHICS, SEXUAL; FOLKTALES; GENESIS, BOOK POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; SEFIROT OF; GOD; GOLEM; HAGAR; HEBRON; HITTITES; HOLOCAUST Abulafia, Meir: EDUCATION, BOYS: MEDIEVAL AND EARLY REPRESENTATION: ART; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL MODERN RESPONSES; ISAAC; ISHMAEL; ISHAMEL: RABBINIC Abulafia, Samuel Halevi: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO TRADITIONS; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; ISRAEL, LAND OF; EIGHTEENTH CENTURY JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC SOURCES; JOB: Abulafia, Todros: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE RABBINIC TRADITIONS; LOVE; MARTYRDOM; Abzug, Bella: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; MOAB; PHILO OF Achish: DAVID; PHILISTINES ALEXANDRIA; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; PTOLEMIES; Achsah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS REVELATION; SAMAEL; SARAH; SHECHEM Aciman, Andre:´ MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I ∗ Abraham bar H. iyya: AMORAIM; ASTROLOGY; SCIENCE AND Ackerman, Paula: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN ∗Adam: AFTERLIFE: HEBREW BIBLE AND SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD PERIOD; AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; CAIN AND ABEL; ∗Abraham ben David of Posquieres` (Rabad): FRANCE, SOUTHERN: CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; ETHICS, SEXUAL; EVE; EVIL AND MIDDLE AGES; ISAAC THE BLIND; MONEY LENDING: SUFFERING; GENESIS, BOOK OF; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE LILITH; RESURRECTION; SAMAEL Abraham ben Garton: PRINTING Adam Baal Shem of Bingen: BAAL SHEM Abraham ben H. ayyim of Pesaro: PRINTING Adams, Julia: DANCE: UNITED STATES Abraham ben Isaac: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE Addams, Jane: CHICAGO AGES Adler, Celia: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE Abraham ha-Levi: PRAGUE ∗Adler, Cyrus: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY; UNITED ∗Abraham ibn Daud: SABORAIM; TANNAIM; THOUGHT, STATES: MILITARY CHAPLAINCY MEDIEVAL Adler, Dankmar: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Abraham ibn Ezra: See IBN EZRA, ABRAHAM Adler, Jacob: ENTERTAINMENT Abraham of Kalisk: ZALMAN, SCHNEUR BEN BARUCH Adler, Jankel: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY

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INDEX OF NAMES

Adler, Rachel: AESTHETICS; JUDAISM, FEMINIST; THEOLOGY; Alfarabi: SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND THOUGHT, MODERN EARLY MODERN PERIOD Adonijah: BATHSHEBA; DAVID; SOLOMON Al-Fasi, David ben Abraham: GRAMMARIANS AND Adorno, Theodor: AESTHETICS; FRANKFURT AM MAIN; LEXICOGRAPHERS HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: Alfasi, Isaac: MEIR BEN BARUKH OF ROTHENBURG; RESPONSA POETRY LITERATURE Agadati, Baruch: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Alhadeff, Gina: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I ∗Agnon, S. Y.: ADULTERY; GALICIA; HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: Ali ibn Dawud al-Yahd: ASTROLOGY POETRY; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Alkabetz, Solomon: BRIDE AND BRIDEGROOM; CORDOVERO, LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948; MEMOIR MOSES; KARO, JOSEPH; OTTOMAN EMPIRE; SABBATH; AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; OZ, AMOS SAFED; SHEKHINAH Agos´ın, Marjorie: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Allen, Gracie: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Agranat, Simon: ISRAEL, STATE OF: JUDICIAL SYSTEM Allen, Mel: SPORTSCASTERS Agrippa: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; HEROD AND HERODIAN Allen, Woody: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; DYNASTY FILM: UNITED STATES Aguilar, Grace: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN; Allon, Yigal: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW GRATZ, REBECCA; LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: Allouche, Jean Luc: LITERATURE: FRANCE WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); Almog, Ruth: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, WOMEN, MODERN: BRITAIN AND NORTH AMERICA 1882–2010 Aguinis, Marcos: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Almosnino, Moses: LITERATURE, LADINO; THOUGHT, EARLY ∗Ahab: ASSYRIA; BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND MODERN; TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY PEACE; ELIJAH: BIBLICAL AND POST-BIBLICAL TRADITIONS; MODERN PERIOD HOSEA, BOOK OF; ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF; KINGS, BOOKS Almqvist, Carl Love Jonas: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA OF; SAMARIA Aloni, Ami: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS ∗ Ah. ad Ha-Am: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT; KAPLAN, Alpert, Rebecca: JUDAISM, FEMINIST MORDECHAI M.; RUSSIA; THOUGHT, MODERN; ZIONISM Alsheikh, Moses: SAFED Ahashuerus: ART, LATE ANTIQUITY: IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL Altenberg, Peter: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE AND THE DIASPORA; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; ESTHER, Alter, Abraham Mordecai: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE BOOK OF; GARDENS Alter, Robert: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS Ahaz: ASSYRIA; EDOM; HEZEKIAH; KINGS, BOOKS OF Alterman, Natan: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, Ahaziah: AHAB 1880–1948; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW; SPORTS: ISRAEL Ahijah: SHILOH Altman, Natan: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Ah. imaaz ben Paltiel: ITALY Altmann, Alexander: COHEN, HERMANN Ahinoam: DAVID; TAMAR (2 SAMUEL) Altschuler, David: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Akhenaten: EGYPT AND ANCIENT ISRAEL 1800 Akhmatova, Anna: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Altschuler, Jeh. iel: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Akiva ben Joseph, R.: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; BAR KOKHBA; 1800 CAPITAL PUNISHMENT; FOLKTALES; LOVE; MARTYRDOM; Altschuler, Moses ben Henoch: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN MISHNAH; MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT AND MERKAVAH EUROPE LITERATURE; OMER; RABBINIC HERMENEUTICS; Al-Tustar¯ı, AbuSa¯ d Abraham ben Jashar: EGYPT: MIDDLE AGES REDEMPTION; SONG OF SONGS, BOOK OF; TANNAIM; Amalek: SAMUEL, BOOKS OF TOSEFTA; TRIBES, TEN LOST; WOMEN, ANCIENT: RABBINIC Amar, Marlene:` LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; JUDAISM LITERATURE: FRANCE Aksenfeld, Israel: THEATER, YIDDISH Amaral, Suzana: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Aksenov, Vasily: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Amarilio, Solomon: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN RUSSIAN) Amichai, Yehuda: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Alantansi, Eliezer: PRINTING LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; POETRY, MODERN Al-Hariri: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN HEBREW Alashkar, Moses: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Amiel, Moshe Avigdor: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Albalag, Isaac: THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Amir, Aharon: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Albeck, H.: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES Amir, Eli: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Albert, Marv: SPORTSCASTERS Amir, Yehoyada: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Albo, Joseph: CRESCAS, H. ASDAI BEN ABRAHAM; THOUGHT, Amir-Pinkerfeld, Anda: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN MEDIEVAL WRITERS, 1882–2010 Alcalay, Yehuda ben Shlomo Hai: LITERATURE, LADINO Amis, Martin: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Alcott, Amy: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Amitai: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Alderman, Naomi: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Ammi, R.: AMORAIM Aldrophe, Alfred: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH Amnon: LOVE; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; TAMAR (2 SAMUEL) CENTURY Amon, King of Judah: GARDENS Aleskovsky, Naomi: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL ∗Amos: BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; BIBLE: ∗Alexander the Great: ALEXANDRIA, ANCIENT; ARCHEOLOGY, REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; JEREMIAH, BOOK LAND OF ISRAEL: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; HELLENISM; OF; JOEL, BOOK OF JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC SOURCES; NEAR ∗Amram bar Sheshna: GAON, GEONIM, GEONIC ACADEMIES; EAST, ANCIENT; PERSIA, ANCIENT; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; PRAYER BOOKS; WORSHIP PTOLEMIES; SELEUCIDS Amsterdam, Morey: TELEVISION: UNITED STATES Alexander Jannaeus: HASMONEAN DYNASTY Anan ben David: KARAISM Alexander, John: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Andersen, Hans Christian: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Alexander, Joseph: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Anger, Per: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS

678

INDEX OF NAMES

Anielewitz, Mordechai: HOLOCAUST: ROLE OF GENDER; Armelin, Pierre: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO MUSEUMS EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Anissimov, Myriam: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; Arnold, Eve: PHOTOGRAPHY LITERATURE: FRANCE Arnon, Yaakov: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Anker, Danny: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION Arnon, Yehudit: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Ansky (An-Ski), Semyon: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Arnstein, Fanny von: HABSBURG EMPIRE DYBBUK; FILM: YIDDISH- LANGUAGE; LITERATURE: RUSSIA Arnstein, Margaret: NURSING: UNITED STATES AND SOVIET UNION (IN RUSSIA); LITERATURE, YIDDISH: Aronson, Boris: THEATER: UNITED STATES 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; MUSEUMS; RUSSIA; Aronson, David: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 THEATER, YIDDISH; VILNA Aronson, Shlomo: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE Antigonus: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; HEROD AND HERODIAN ARCHITECTURE DYNASTY; PTOLEMIES; SELEUCIDS Artapanus: PTOLEMIES: IMPACT ON JEWISH CULTURE AND Antin, Eleanor: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 THOUGHT Antin, Mary: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900); Artzi, Shlomo: MUSIC, POPULAR LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH Asa: ANOINTMENT AMERICA); LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Asa, Abraham ben Isaac: LITERATURE, LADINO CENTURY Asahel: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE Antiochus IV Epiphanes: DANIEL, BOOK OF; HASMONEAN Asaph ben Berekhiah: MEDICINE DYNASTY; MACCABEES, BOOKS OF; MARTYRDOM; ROME, ∗Ascarelli, Devora:` PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN: ROMAN EMPIRE; SELEUCIDS; TOBIADS; WISDOM OF BEN EARLY MODERN EUROPE SIRA, BOOK OF Ascarelli, Joseph: ASCARELLI, DEVORA` Antiochus VII Sidetes: HASMONEAN DYNASTY Asch, Sholem: CELEBRITIES; FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; Antipater: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; HEROD AND HERODIAN LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; DYNASTY THEATER, YIDDISH Anton, Maggie: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION; LITERATURE: Ascher, Felix: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA) Ascher, Saul: GOD Antonelli, Alessandro: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Aseneth: PSEUDEPIGRAPHA Antoninus Pius: JEWISH WAR, SECOND Ash, Abraham J.: FASHION Antschel, Paul See CELAN, PAUL Asher: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; TRIBES, TEN Apollonius: TOBIADS LOST; TRIBES, TWELVE ∗ Appelfeld, Aharon: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Asher ben Jeh. iel: JACOB BEN ASHER; JUDAH BEN ASHER; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; MEMOIR AND MARTYRDOM; RESPONSA LITERATURE; SPAIN, CHRISTIAN; LIFE WRITING: HEBREW TOSAFISTS Aquila: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS Ashkenazi, Bezalel: LURIA, ISAAC Aquinas, Thomas: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Ashkenazi, Dan: SPAIN, CHRISTIAN Arad, Yael: SPORTS: ISRAEL Ashkenazi, Eliezer ben Isaac: PRINTING Arafat, Yasser: ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, Ashkenazi, Joseph ben Eliezer Lipman: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1948 – 2010; ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT; RABIN, BEGINNINGS TO 1700 YITZHAK Ashkenazi, Nathan: KABBALAH; SHABBETAI ZEVI ∗Arama, Isaac: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Ashkenazi, Zvi Hirsch: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN 1800; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Ashi, R.: AMORAIM Aranha, Oswaldo: BRAZIL Ashlag, Judah: KABBALAH Arbatova, Mia: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Asimov, Isaac: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Arbus, Diane: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Askowith, Dora: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN Archelaus: FRANCE: MIDDLE AGES; HEROD AND HERODIAN Assi, R.: AMORAIM DYNASTY Astro, Alan: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Archipova-Grossman, Valentina: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE Athaliah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS ISRAEL Athias, Abraham, Immanuel, and Joseph: PRINTING Ardon, Mordecai: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART; ART, Atiyah, Mordekhai: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES ISRAELI; PLATE 24 Atlan, Lillian: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Ardutiel, Shem Tov: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Atrahasis: MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL EUROPE Attie, Shimon: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Arendt, Hannah: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA REPRESENTATION: ART Argov, Zohar: MUSIC, POPULAR Atzmon, Shmuel: THEATER, YIDDISH Arieli, Yehoshua: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Auden, W. H.: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY; POETRY, Arikha, Avigdor: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART MODERN HEBREW Aristoboulus: HELLENISM; PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA; PTOLEMIES: Auerbach, Arnold “Red”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL IMPACT ON JEWISH CULTURE AND THOUGHT Auerbach, Berthold: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Aristobulus: HASMONEAN DYNASTY Auerbach, Rachel: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Aristobulus II: HASMONEAN DYNASTY Augustine: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND Aristotle: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; GERSONIDES; JUDAISM LOVE; MAIMONIDES; REVELATION; SCIENCE AND Avayou, Shlomo: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN Avedon, Richard: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; PHOTOGRAPHY PERIOD; THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN; THOUGHT, Averbuch, Alex: SPORTS: ISRAEL MEDIEVAL Averroes: GERSONIDES; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE Arlt, Roberto: FILM: LATIN AMERICA AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD; THOUGHT, EARLY Armelin, Antoine: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO MODERN; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Avner of Burgos: THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL

679

INDEX OF NAMES

Avneri, Uri: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Baron, Devorah: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Avnet, Jon: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION 1882–2010; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 Avrech, Robert J.: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Baron, Salo: JEWISH STUDIES; MENORAH ASSOCIATION Ayrton, Edith: ZANGWILL, ISRAEL Barth, Belle: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Azariah: APOCRYPHA Barth, Karl: SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B. Azriel: KABBALAH Bartov, Hanoch: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; MEMOIR Azulai, H. ayim Joseph: TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW EARLY MODERN PERIOD Baruch ben Neriah: JEREMIAH, BOOK OF Azulay, Jom Tob: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Barukh ben Isaac: TOSAFISTS ∗Baal Shem Tov, Israel ben Eliezer: BAAL SHEM;DOVBEROF Barukh ben Samuel: TOSAFISTS MIE¸ DZYRZECZ; ETHICAL WILLS; FOLKTALES; H. ASIDISM: Barukh of Mie¸dzybo´ z:˙ H. ASIDISM: EUROPE EUROPE; HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; KABBALAH; Barzani, Asnat: KURDISTAN; PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL NAH. MAN BEN SIMH. A OF BRATSLAV; UKRAINE; ZALMAN, Barzilai, Judah: ABRAHAM BAR H. IYYA; ASTROLOGY; FRANCE, SCHNEUR BEN BARUCH SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; SEFER YETZIRAH Bab, Julius: THEATER: EUROPE Bas Tovim, Sarah: See Sarah bas Tovim Baba’i ben Lotf: IRAN Basemath: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Babel, Isaac: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND Bashyatchi, Elijah: KARAISM SOVIET UNION (IN RUSSIAN); RUSSIA Basilea, Aviad Sar Shalom: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Bachman, Lev: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Baskin, Leonard: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Bacon, Francis: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART REPRESENTATION: ART; PLATE 19 Bacon, Yehuda: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Basloe, Frank: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Baeck, Leo: AESTHETICS; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Basola, Moses: TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY RESPONSES; JUDAISM, REFORM: GERMANY; LEO BAECK MODERN PERIOD INSTITUTE; THOUGHT, MODERN Bassani, Giorgio: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Bagritsky, Eduard: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE RUSSIAN) Bassman, Lillian: PHOTOGRAPHY Bah. ia ben Asher: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Bassman-Chaim, Rivka: POETRY, YIDDISH 1800 Bat-Miriam, Yocheved: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN ∗ Bah. ia ben Joseph ibn Pakuda: ASCARELLI, DEVORA;` LOVE; WRITERS, 1882–2010 MUSAR MOVEMENT; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL ∗Bathsheba: DAVID; DAVID: POST-BIBLICAL TRADITIONS; LOVE; Bailly, Pascale: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) SOLOMON; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Baizerman, Saul: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY REPRESENTATIONS; WOMEN, ANCIENT: ISRAELITE Bak, Samuel: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Bauer, Felice: KAFKA, FRANZ Baker, Jesse: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Baum, Harry: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Bakst, Leon: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Bausch, Pina: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL ∗Balaam: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; JETHRO; JOB: RABBINIC Beatriz de Luna: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE TRADITIONS; MAGIC; NUMBERS, BOOK OF Beck, Julian: THEATER: UNITED STATES Balak: BALAAM Becker, Jurek: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Balaban, Avraham: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE FICTION Beckmann, Max: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Balanchine, George: DANCE: UNITED STATES Bedersi, Abraham: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Balas, Alexander: HASMONEAN DYNASTY EUROPE Balfour, Arthur: BALFOUR DECLARATION; BRITAIN: EARLY Beer, Haim: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW MODERN AND MODERN; BRITISH MANDATE OVER Beer, Peter: PRAGUE PALESTINE; ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF THE MODERN Beer, Rami: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL STATE Beer-Hofmann, Richard: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; Bally, Davicion: ROMANIA THEATER: EUROPE Baltard, Victor: SYNAGOGUES: FRANCE Beg, Isaac: ROMANIA Balter, Sam: SPORTSCASTERS ∗Begin, Menachem: ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI Bamberger, Dov: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: ULTRA-ORTHODOX CONFLICT, 1948–2011; ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA Banchik, Pedro: FILM: LATIN AMERICA RELATIONS; ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Bankier, Abraham: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS; SCHINDLER, PARAMILITARY BODIES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL OSKAR PARTIES; SHARON, ARIEL Bar Kappara, R.: AMORAIM; TANNAIM; TOSEFTA Begley, Louis: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION ∗Bar Kokhba, Simon: JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC Behar, Ruth: ANTHROPOLOGY; CARIBBEAN; FILM: LATIN SOURCES; JEWISH WAR, SECOND AMERICA; LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Bar Moshe, Itzhak: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Behrens, Peter: SYNAGOGUE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Bar-Zohar, Michael: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Beilin, Yossi: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Bara, Theda: CELEBRITIES; FILM: UNITED STATES Beilis, Mendel: BEILIS TRIAL; RITUAL MURDER ACCUSATION; Barak: DEBORAH RUSSIA Barak, Aharon: ISRAEL, STATE OF: JUDICIAL SYSTEM Bejerano, Maya: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW ∗Barak, Ehud: ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS; Belasco, David: THEATER: UNITED STATES ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB–ISRAELI CONFLICT, 1948–2010 Belev, Alexander: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Barash, Asher: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 Belial: DEAD SEA SCROLLS; DUALISM: IN ANCIENT JUDAISM; Barbie, Klaus: LATIN AMERICA ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE Bardin, Shlomo: SUMMER CAMPING Belinksky, Fabian:´ FILM: LATIN AMERICA Barnay, Ludwig: THEATER: EUROPE Belisario, Isaac Mendes: JAMAICA Barnes, Peter: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Belkin, Samuel: YESHIVA UNIVERSITY

680

INDEX OF NAMES

Bellow, Saul: CHICAGO; HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; Berab, Jacob: RABBINIC ORDINATION LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900); LITERATURE, Berardelli, Alessandro: SULAM, SARRA COPIA YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Berdichevsky, Micah Joseph: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: Belmont, August: BANKING AND BANKING HOUSES HEBREW; ZIONISM Ben-Ami, Jacob: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE Beregi, Oszkar:´ THEATER: EUROPE Ben Aych, Gil: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; Berekhia ha-Nakdan: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE LITERATURE: FRANCE Berenbaum, Michael: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Ben-David, Amon: ART, ISRAELI Berenice: HEROD AND HERODIAN DYNASTY Bendavid, Lazarus: HASKALAH Berenson, Senda: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Ben David, Mordecai: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Berg, Gertrude: FILM: UNITED STATES; RADIO: UNITED STATES; Ben Ghiat, Alexander: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN TELEVISION: UNITED STATES EMPIRE); LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Berg, Judith: DANCE: UNITED STATES Ben-Ami, Tami: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Berg, Morris “Moe”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Ben-Ezer, Ehud: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Bergelson, Dovid: BOLSHEVISM: RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND SOVIET Ben-Gal, Nir: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL UNION; JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; LITERATURE, ∗Ben-Gurion, David: BRITISH MANDATE OVER PALESTINE; YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; MEMOIR AND EINSTEIN, ALBERT; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; THEATER, YIDDISH TELEVISION; ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF THE Bergman, Ingmar: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM MODERN STATE; ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Bergmann, Hugo: BUBER, MARTIN PARAMILITARY BODIES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL Bergner, Elizabeth: THEATER: EUROPE PARTIES; JERUSALEM, 1948–1967; MEMOIR AND LIFE Bergner, Hinde: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH WRITING: HEBREW; MUSEUMS; SILVER, ABBA HILLEL; Bergson, Henri: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH WEIZMANN, CHAIM; YOM HA-SHOAH CENTURY) Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer (Perelman): HEBREW: MODERN REVIVAL; Berinsky, Lev: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 CENTURY Ben-Yehuda, Hemdah: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN Berk, Fred: DANCE: UNITED STATES WRITERS, 1882–2010; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, Berkewicz,´ Ulla: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE 1880–1948 Berkoff, Steven: THEATER: BRITAIN Ben-Zion: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Berkovich, Eyal: SPORTS: ISRAEL Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak: BEN-GURION, DAVID; ISRAEL, STATE OF: Berkovich, Miki: SPORTS: ISRAEL MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY BODIES; YOM HA-SHOAH ∗Berkovits, Eliezer: AESTHETICS; GOD; HOLOCAUST: Benabou,´ Marcel: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, LITERATURE: FRANCE MODERN Benayoun, Yossi: SPORTS: ISRAEL Berkson, Isaac B. and Libbie S.: SUMMER CAMPING Benderly, Samson: EDUCATION, NORTH AMERICA: HEBREW Berle, Milton: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION; COLLEGES; EDUCATION, NORTH AMERICA: SUPPLEMENTAL COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: SCHOOLS; SUMMER CAMPING UNITED STATES Benedict, Ruth: ANTHROPOLOGY Berlewi, Henryk: ART: ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS Benigni, Roberto: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Berlin, Adele: BIBLE: POETRY HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Berlin, Irving: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL; THEATER: Benjamin: CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS JOSHUA, BOOK OF; RACHEL; TRIBES, TWELVE Berlin, Judah (see also Jost Liebmann): COURT JEWS Benjamin al-Nahawendi: KARAISM Berlin, Saul: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Benjamin of Rome: PRINTING Berman, Jakub: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE ∗Benjamin of Tudela: ETHIOPIA; PILGRIMAGE; ROMANIA; Berman, Joanna: DANCE: UNITED STATES TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN Berman, Saul: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: MODERN ORTHODOX PERIOD Berman, Shelley: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Benjamin, Judah P.: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – Bermant, Chaim: LITERATURE: BRITAIN JEWISH RELATIONS; UNITED STATES: CIVIL WAR; UNITED Bernal, Mestre: JAMAICA STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; UNITED STATES, Bernard, Barney: ENTERTAINMENT SOUTHERN Bernays, Isaac: HIRSCH, SAMSON RAPHAEL Benjamin, Marina: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Bernays, Jacob: COHEN, HERMANN ∗Benjamin, Walter: BERLIN; HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; Berne, Joseph: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; LITERATURE: CENTRAL Bernhar, Thomas: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA EUROPE; SCHOLEM, GERSHOM Bernhardt, Sarah: THEATER: EUROPE Benny, Jack: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION; Bernini, Gian Lorenzo: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: EIGHTEENTH CENTURY UNITED STATES; RADIO: UNITED STATES ∗Beruriah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: RABBINIC JUDAISM Bentley, Muriel: DANCE: UNITED STATES Bernstein, Berl: THEATER, YIDDISH Benveniste, Immanuel: PRINTING Bernstein, Charles: POETRY: UNITED STATES Benveniste, Joshua: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Bernstein, Leonard: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, Benveniste, Sheshet ben Isaac: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS AGES Bernstein, Theresa: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Benveniste, Vidal: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN; Berr, Berr Isaac: SECULARISM POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Berr, Michel: JUDAISM, REFORM: FRANCE; ZIONISM: FRANCE Ber, Baruch: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES Bertonoff, Deborah: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Ber of Bolechow: FAMILY AND MARRIAGE: EARLY MODERN Best, Werner: DENMARK; HOLOCAUST RESCUERS PERIOD Bezalel: ARK OF THE COVENANT

681

INDEX OF NAMES

Bezem, Naftali: ART, ISRAELI; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Boeckh, August: COHEN, HERMANN ART Bogrov, Grigory: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Bezmozgis, David: LITERATURE: CANADA RUSSIAN) ∗Bialik, Hayyim Nahman: ART, ISRAELI; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: Bohm, Gabriela: FILM: LATIN AMERICA 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; MEMOIR AND LIFE Bohme,¨ Jakob: BUBER, MARTIN WRITING: HEBREW; POETRY: UNITED STATES; POETRY, Bohne, Sammy (Cohen): SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL MODERN HEBREW Bois, Curt: THEATER: EUROPE Bibago, Abraham: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN; THOUGHT, Bolano,˜ Roberto: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA MEDIEVAL Bolotowsky, Ilya: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Bichovsky, Elisheva: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS Boltansky, Christian: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Bielski Partisans: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM; Bomberg, Daniel: PRINTING HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE Bonafed, Solomon: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN; Bier, Susanne: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Bonifacio, Baldassare: SULAM, SARRA COPIA Bilhah: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JACOB; LEAH; RACHEL; TRIBES, Booth, Charles: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN TWELVE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Borchardt, Rudolf: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Biller, Maxim: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: CENTRAL Borer, Tamar: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL EUROPE; LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Boreysho, Menakhem: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH Bimko, Fishl: THEATER, YIDDISH Borges, Jorge Luis: FILM: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN Binder, A. W.: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS AMERICA Bing, Lazare Levy:´ ZIONISM: FRANCE Borkovsky, Joshua: ART: ISRAEL Bingham, Theodore A.: CRIME AND CRIMINALS: UNITED Born, Friedrich: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS STATES Borne,¨ Ludwig: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY; Binyamin ben Misha’el: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE LITERATURE Borofsky, Jonathan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Biouw, Hermann Gunther and Joanna: PHOTOGRAPHY Borofsky, Philip: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Bird, Bonnie: DANCE: UNITED STATES Borokhov, Ber: ZIONISM Birnbaum, Nathan: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; VIENNA; Borowitz, Eugene: THOUGHT, MODERN ZIONISM Borowski, Tadeusz: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Birnbaum, Phillip: PRAYER BOOKS: UNITED STATES Bosco, Monique: LITERATURE: CANADA Birshteyn, Yosl: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Bostwick, Henry (Lifschiftz): SPORTS, UNITED STATES: CENTURY BASEBALL Biton, Erez: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Botta, Mario: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Black, Hughie: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Bouganim, Ami: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Blainsten, Isidoro: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Boukhobza, Chochana: LITERATURE: FRANCE Blanc, Mel: RADIO: UNITED STATES Bouman, Elias: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO Blanchot, Maurice: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Blau, Herbert: THEATER: UNITED STATES Bourke-White, Margaret: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; Blaustein, David: FILM: LATIN AMERICA HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Blecher, Miriam: DANCE: UNITED STATES Bouwmeester, Louis Frederik Johannes: THEATER: EUROPE Blitzstein, Marc: THEATER: UNITED STATES Box, Bobby: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Bloch, Jean-Richard: LITERATURE: FRANCE Boxer, Barbara: SAN FRANCISCO; UNITED STATES: POLITICAL Bloch, Pedro: LATIN AMERICA INVOLVEMENT Bloch, Samuel: HABSBURG EMPIRE Boyarin, Jonathan: ANTHROPOLOGY Bloch-Bauer, Ferdinand and Adele: HOLOCAUST REPARATIONS Brahe, Tycho: SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND RESTITUTION AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD Bloom, Harold: POETRY: UNITED STATES Brahm, Otto: THEATER: EUROPE Bloom, Hyman: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; HOLOCAUST Brahms, Helga Sanders: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: REPRESENTATION: ART FILM Bloom, Mike: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Brand, Joel: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Bloomgarden, Solomon: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND ∗Brandeis, Louis Dembitz: BOSTON; BRITISH MANDATE OVER TRANSLATORS; POETRY, YIDDISH PALESTINE; JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AMERICA; Bluenthal, Arthur “Bluey”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL SUMMER CAMPING; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS; UNITED Blum, Leon:´ FRANCE: 1789–1939 STATES, SOUTHERN; ZIONISM: UNITED STATES Blum, Moshe: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Brandes, Edvard: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA; THEATER: Blume, Peter: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 EUROPE Blumenfeld, Yitzhak: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Brandes, George: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA; THEATER: Blumenthal, N.: YIZKOR BOOKS EUROPE Blumenthal, Oscar: THEATER: EUROPE Brandon, Moses Hoheb: CARIBBEAN Bluwstein, Rachel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Brandstadter,¨ Mordechai David: LITERATURE, HEBREW: 1882–2010; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW HASKALAH Boas, Franz: ANTHROPOLOGY; UNITED STATES: HIGHER Brandwein, Naftule: MUSIC, POPULAR EDUCATION Braque, Georges: ART, ISRAELI Boaz: ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; MARRIAGE, Braudes, Reuven Asher: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH LEVIRATE; RUTH, BOOK OF Brauer, Erich: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Bock, Geoffrey: EDUCATION, NORTH AMERICA: Brazovsky, Shalom Noah: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL SUPPLEMENTAL SCHOOLS RESPONSES Bock, Jerry: THEATER: UNITED STATES Brecht, Bertolt: ART, ISRAELI; BENJAMIN, WALTER

682

INDEX OF NAMES

Brenner, Joseph Haim: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Caesar, Sid: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION; LITERATURE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: 1880–1948; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW UNITED STATES; TELEVISION: UNITED STATES Breuer, Isaac: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: ULTRA- ORTHODOX Cafri, Rachel: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Breuer, Josef: PAPPENHEIM, BERTHA Cagli, Corrado: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Brice, Fanny: CELEBRITIES; COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; Cahan, Abraham: FILM: UNITED STATES; JOURNALISM, ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: UNITED STATES; RADIO: UNITED YIDDISH: NORTH AMERICA; LITERATURE: UNITED STATES STATES; THEATER: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900); MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH Bril, Jehiel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Cahana, Alice Lok: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Brill, Joel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Cahn, Sammy: ENTERTAINMENT Brod, Max: HABSBURG EMPIRE; KAFKA, FRANZ ∗Cain: ADAM; JACOB Broder, Henryk: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Campe, J. H.: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Brodkin, Karen: ANTHROPOLOGY CENTURY Brodsky, Joseph: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Canetti, Elias: BULGARIA RUSSIAN); LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Canter, John: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Brody, Tal: SPORTS: ISRAEL Canter, Joshua: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Brøgger, Suzanne: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Cantor, Eddie: ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: UNITED STATES; RADIO: Brokhes, Zalmen: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: THE YISHUV UNITED STATES; THEATER: UNITED STATES Bromberg, Ellen: DANCE: UNITED STATES Capa, Robert: PHOTOGRAPHY Bronstein, Lev Davidovich: TROTSKY, LEON Carasso, Emmanuel: OTTOMAN EMPIRE Brookner, Anita: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Cardozo, Abraham: SHABBETAI ZEVI Brooks, Mel: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; Carlebach, Shlomo: CANTOR, CANTORATE: HISTORICAL FILM: UNITED STATES; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DEVELOPMENT; MUSIC, POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS TELEVISION; THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Carmel, Zefania: SPORTS: ISRAEL STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Carmi, Ted: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Browne, Edward B. M.: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Carmona, Elia: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) Bruder, Dora: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Carnegie, Hattie: FASHION Bruce, Lenny: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT Carter, Jimmy: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; Brukman, Shimshon: SPORTS: ISRAEL UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Brunner, Arnold: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Carvalho, Solomon: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; Brunner, Emil: SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B. PHOTOGRAPHY Bruno, Giordano: ABRAVANEL FAMILY Caslari, Crescas: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Brunschwieg, Leon:´ JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH Cassel, Ernest: BANKING AND BANKING HOUSES CENTURY) Cassin, Rene:´ HUMAN RIGHTS Brustein, Robert: THEATER: UNITED STATES Cassius Dio: BAR KOKHBA Brynych, Zbynek:ˇ HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Cassuto, Umberto: BIBLE: NARRATIVE LITERATURE Brysk, Alison: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Castel-Blum, Orly: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; ∗Buber, Martin: AESTHETICS; ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, 1882–2010 CENTURY; BERKOVITS, ELIEZER; BIBLE: NARRATIVE Castro, Abraham: OTTOMAN EMPIRE LITERATURE; BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS; Ceba, Ansaldo: SULAM, SARRA COPIA FACKENHEIM, EMIL LUDWIG; FRANKFURT AM MAIN; Celan, Paul: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST GERMANY; GOD; HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; LITERATURE: POETRY; LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ISRAEL, STATE EUROPE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT; LEVINAS, EMMANUEL; Celine,´ Louis-Ferdinand: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: Chabon, Michael: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; NAH. MAN BEN SIMH. AOF LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: UNITED BRATSLAV; PAPPENHEIM, BERTHA; REDEMPTION; STATES (SINCE 1900) REVELATION; ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ; RUBENSTEIN, ∗Chagall, Bella: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH RICHARD L.; SCHOLEM, GERSHOM; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, Chagall, Marc: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; ART: MODERN ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS; ART, ISRAELI; CHAGALL, Buber, Salomon: BUBER, MARTIN BELLA ROSENFELD; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART; Bublick, Gedaliah: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES RUSSIA; PLATE 14 Bueno de Mesquita, Abraham: CARIBBEAN Chaikin, Joseph: THEATER: UNITED STATES Bukiet, Melvin Jules: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Chaillet, Pierre: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) Chalﬁ, Rachel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Buloff, Joseph: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH 1882–2010 Bunche, Ralph: UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Chaney, James: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – JEWISH Burla, Yehuda: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, RELATIONS; UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 1880–1948 Chaplin, Charles: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Burman, Daniel: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Charles, Gerda: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Burns, George: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION; Chaucer, Geoffrey: GHETTO; RITUAL MURDER ACCUSATION COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: Chayefsky, Paddy: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS UNITED STATES; RADIO: UNITED STATES Chayim of Volozhin: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES; Burns, Richard: POETRY: BRITAIN VILNA GAON Burstein, Michael: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Chekhov, Anton: OZ, AMOS Bush, George W.: UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Chelouche, Yosef Eliyahu: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE Buxtorf, Johann: CHRISTAIN HEBRAISM MOVEMENT Buzaglo, Haim: FILM: ISRAEL Chetrit, Sami Shalom: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW

683

INDEX OF NAMES

Chicago, Judy: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST ∗Cordovero, Moses: BREAKING OF THE VESSELS; KABBALAH; REPRESENTATION: ART KABBALAH, LURIANIC; LURIA, ISAAC; SAFED; TURKEY Chilkovsky, Nadia: DANCE: UNITED STATES Corning, Beth: DANCE: UNITED STATES Chochem, Corrine: DANCE: UNITED STATES Cortazar,´ Julio: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Chocron,´ Isaac: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Cortissoz, Royal: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Chodorov, Yaakov: SPORTS: ISRAEL Cosell, Howard: SPORTSCASTERS Chorin, Aaron: HABSBURG EMPIRE Costa-Gavras: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM ∗Chmelnitzki, Bogdan: ROMANIA; UKRAINE Coughlin, Charles: INTERFAITH DIALOGUE: UNITED STATES Christiani, Pablo: CONVERSOS/CRYPTO JEWS; MIDDLE AGES: Cover, Robert: JUDAISM, FEMINIST JEWISH – CHRISTIAN POLEMICS Cowen, Sir Frederic Hyman: JAMAICA Chronegk, Ludwig: THEATER: EUROPE Cozen, Samuel: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Chrysostom, John: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS Cranz, August: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES AND JUDAISM; SERMONS Cremieux,´ Adolphe: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; Churchill, Winston: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND FRANCE: 1789–1939; NORTH AFRICA ∗ MODERN Crescas, H. asdai ben Abraham: MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – Clarke, Martha: DANCE: UNITED STATES CHRISTIAN POLEMICS; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: Citroen, Andre:´ FRANCE: 1789–1939 MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD; THOUGHT, Clauberg, Carl: HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND KILLING CENTERS MEDIEVAL Clement of Alexandria: PSEUDEPIGRAPHA Croci, Pascal: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS Cleveland, Grover: STRAUS FAMILY Cromwell, Oliver: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN; Clinton, Bill: BARAK, EHUD; ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI MENASSEH BEN ISRAEL; MENDELSSOHN, MOSES; UNITED CONFLICT, 1948 – 2010; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS STATES: IMMIGRATION Clurman, Harold: THEATER: UNITED STATES Cross, Frank Moore: BIBLE: NARRATIVE LITERATURE Cobb, Ty: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Curtis, M. B.: THEATER: UNITED STATES Cohan, Robert: DANCE: UNITED STATES Cusi, Meshullam: PRINTING Cohen, Albert: LITERATURE: FRANCE Cygielman, Victor: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Cohen, Arthur: AESTHETICS; GOD; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Cyrus the Great: BABYLONIAN EXILE; EZRA AND NEHEMIAH, RESPONSES; ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ BOOKS OF; ISAIAH, BOOK OF; PERSIA, ANCIENT Cohen, David: KOOK, ABRAHAM ISAAC Czarny, Norbert: LITERATURE: FRANCE Cohen, Frederick E.: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 ∗Czerniakow, Adam: HOLOCAUST DIARIES; HOLOCAUST: Cohen, Gershon ben Solomon: PRAGUE; PRINTING GHETTOS; HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE ∗Cohen, Hermann: AESTHETICS; ATONEMENT; AUTONOMY Czynski, Jan: ZIONISM: FRANCE AND HETERONOMY; BERKOVITS, ELIEZER; BUBER, MARTIN; Da Costa, Uriel: AMSTERDAM GOD; JUDAISM, REFORM: GERMANY; LITERATURE: Da Silva, Antonio Jose:´ FILM: LATIN AMERICA CENTRAL EUROPE; REDEMPTION; ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ; D’Alemand, Antoine: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B.; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, EIGHTEENTH CENTURY MODERN Dambrot, Irwin: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Cohen, Isaac: KABBALAH Dan: ETHIOPIA; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; Cohen, Jacob: KABBALAH RACHEL; TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, TWELVE Cohen, Judith Barent: MONTEFIORE, MOSES HAIM Danel: BIBLE: NARRATIVE LITERATURE Cohen, Katherine M.: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 ∗Daniel: AFTERLIFE: HEBREW BIBLE AND SECOND TEMPLE Cohen, Leonard: LITERATURE: CANADA PERIOD; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; BEL AND THE DRAGON; Cohen, Levi Barent: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; ESCHATOLOGY: SECOND Cohen, Lionel Louis: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN TEMPLE PERIOD; JOB, BOOK OF; MARTYRDOM; MESSIAH; Cohen, Matt: LITERATURE: CANADA RESURRECTION Cohen, Michael: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Daniel al-Kumisi: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Cohen, Myron: ENTERTAINMENT 1800; KARAISM Cohen, Sacha Baron: ENTERTAINMENT Daniel’, Yuly: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Cohen, Sasha (Alexandra): SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN RUSSIAN) Cohen, Yardena: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Danielsson, Carl Ivan: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Cohen, Ze’eva: DANCE: UNITED STATES Danzig, Abraham: PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL Cohen-Gan, Pinchas: ART, ISRAELI Danziger, Itzhak: ART, ISRAELI; PLATE 23 Cohen-Mintz, Tanchum: SPORTS: ISRAEL Dapiera, Meshullam: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Cohn, Albert: FRANCE: 1789–1939 Dapiera, Solomon: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Cohn, Haim: ISRAEL, STATE OF: JUDICIAL SYSTEM Dari, Moses: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD Cohn, Harry: FILM: UNITED STATES Darius I: HAGGAI, BOOK OF; PERSIA, ANCIENT Cohn, Linda: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Darius II: ALEXANDER THE GREAT Cohn, Nudie: FASHION Darmesteter, Arsene` and James: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE Cole, Frederick: FASHION (NINETEENTH CENTURY) ∗Columbus, Christopher: JAMAICA; MEXICO Darmon, Paule: LITERATURE: FRANCE Conat, Abraham and Estellina: PRINTING Darwin, Charles: BIBLE: MODERN SCHOLARSHIP; Constantine: BYZANTINE EMPIRE; CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND PSYCHOANALYSIS TEMPLE JUDAISM; CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS Darwishe, Salman: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I AND JUDAISM Dassa, Dani: DANCE: UNITED STATES Cooper, Chuck: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Da’ud ibn Marwan: THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Cooper, Sybil (Syd) Koff: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN ∗David: AMORAIM; ANOINTMENT; APOCRYPHA; Copeland, Lillian: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN ARCHEOLOGY, LAND OF ISRAEL: ANCIENT TIMES TO Copernicus: BIBLE: MODERN SCHOLARSHIP; PSYCHOANALYSIS PERSIAN PERIOD; ARK OF THE COVENANT; ART: LATE

684

INDEX OF NAMES

ANTIQUITY; BATHSHEBA; BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF Descartes, Rene:´ GOD; SPINOZA, BARUCH WAR AND PEACE; BLESSINGS: BEFORE AND AFTER MEALS; Dessoir, Ludwig: THEATER: EUROPE CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; DAVID: POST-BIBLICAL Dessler, Eliyahu: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES TRADITIONS; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; EDOM; ETHICAL DeVaux, Roland: QUMRAN WILLS; EXILARCH; GENESIS, BOOK OF; HASMONEAN DeWette, Wilhelm: DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF DYNASTY; HEBRON; HITTITES; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Deutsch, Ernst: THEATER: EUROPE RESPONSES; ISAIAH, BOOK OF; ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP; Deutsch, Naomi: NURSING: UNITED STATES ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND Deutscher, Isaac: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE RABBINIC SOURCES; JOSHUA, BOOK OF; JUDAH, KINGDOM Deutschlander, Leo: SCHENIRER, SARAH OF; KINGS, BOOKS OF; LOVE; LUZZATTO, MOSES H. AYYIM; Dever, William: CANAAN, CANAANITES MESSIANISM: BIBLICAL AND SECOND TEMPLE ERAS; Di Castro, Angelo: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY MOAB; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS; PATRIARCH; PHILISTINES; Diaghilev, Serge: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY PROSTITUTES, PROSTITUTION: HEBREW BIBLE THROUGH Diamant, Anita: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION; LITERATURE: MIDDLE AGES; PSALMS, BOOK OF; RUTH, BOOK OF; WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA) SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; SHAVUOT; SOLOMON; TABERNACLE; Diamant, Dora: KAFKA, FRANZ TAMAR (GENESIS 38); TAMAR (2 SAMUEL); TEMPLE AND Dickens, Charles: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS TEMPLE CULT; UNITED MONARCHY; WORSHIP; Dienemann, Max: JONAS, REGINA ZERUBBABEL Digby, Kenelm: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND David ben Amram ha-Adani: YEMEN MODERN David ben Daniel: EGYPT: MIDDLE AGES Dilthy, Wilhelm: BUBER, MARTIN David ben Samuel: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES Dimov, Osip: THEATER, YIDDISH David ben Zimra: LURIA, ISAAC ∗Dinah: ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; JOB: RABBINIC David of Makow:´ H. ASIDISM: EUROPE TRADITIONS; LEAH; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; SHECHEM; TRIBES, David, Larry: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; HOLOCAUST TWELVE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION; TELEVISION: UNITED Dinar, Baruch: FILM: ISRAEL STATES Dine, Jim: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Davidson, Avram: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Dineson, Jacob: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Davidson, Jo: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Dinur, Yehiel: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Davidson, Melech: LITERATURE: CANADA Dio Cassius: JEWISH WAR, SECOND Davis, Al: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Dischereit, Esther: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY Davis, Arthur: ZANGWILL, ISRAEL EUROPE Davis, Jacob: FASHION Disney, Walt: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Davis, Moshe: SUMMER CAMPING ∗Disraeli, Benjamin: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN; Dawison, Bogumil: THEATER: EUROPE CELEBRITIES Dayan, Assi: FILM: ISRAEL Dix, Otto: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Dayan, Moshe: ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA RELATIONS; Dizengoff, Meir: MUSEUMS ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY BODIES; Dmytryk, Edward: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Doblin,¨ Alfred: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE De Goncourt, Edmond: ANTISEMITISM: France, 1789–1939 Dohm, Wilhelm von: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES De Grousillier, Hector: ANTISEMITISM: France, 1789–1939 Dolce of Worms: PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN: De la Parra, Samuel Haim: CARIBBEAN MIDDLE AGES De la Torre, Raul:´ FILM: LATIN AMERICA Domecq, Alcina Lubitch: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA De Sica, Vittorio: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) Domin, Hilda: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE De Winter, Leon: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY Donadille, Francoise and Marc: HOLOCAUST EUROPE RESCUERS ∗Deborah (Judges): BETH EL; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; ISRAELITES: Donat, Alexander: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES RELIGION; JUDGES, BOOK OF; TRIBES, TWELVE; WOMEN, Donin, Nicholas: MIDDLES AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS; WOMEN, ANCIENT: POLEMICS ISRAELITE Donnolo, Shabbetai: BYZANTINE EMPIRE; MEDICINE; POETRY, Deborah (GENESIS): WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; SEFER YETZIRAH REPRESENTATIONS Doran, Silvia: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Debre,´ Simon: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 Doron, Shay: SPORTS: ISRAEL Dedi: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Dorfman, Ariel: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Dekal, Zvi: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Dorfman, Carolyn: DANCE: UNITED STATES Delakova, Katya: DANCE: UNITED STATES Dorfman, David: DANCE: UNITED STATES Delanoe,¨ Nelcya: LITERATURE: FRANCE Dortas, Samuel: PRINTING Delaunay, Robert: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Dositheus: SAMARITANS Delbo, Charlotte: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST Dostrovski, Yaakov: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND REPRESENTATION: DRAMA PARAMILITARY BODIES ∗ Delilah: JUDGES, BOOK OF; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Dov Ber of Mie¸dzyrzecz: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; KABBALAH; REPRESENTATIONS MAIMON, SALOMON; UKRAINE; ZALMAN, SCHNEUR BEN Delmedigo, Joseph Solomon: MEDICINE; SCIENCE AND BARUCH MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN Dov Ber of Lubavitch: H. ABAD; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE PERIOD Dovlatov, Sergey: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN D’Ennery, Adolphe: THEATER: EUROPE RUSSIAN) Demetrius: HELLENISM Drach, Michel: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Derenbourg, Joseph and Hartwig: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE Draigor, Anat: SPORTS: ISRAEL (NINETEENTH CENTURY) Dreyer, Carl: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA

685

INDEX OF NAMES

∗Dreyfus, Alfred: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; DREYFUS ∗Einhorn, David: CHICAGO; JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AFFAIR; EMANCIPATION; FILM: UNITED STATES; FRANCE: AMERICA; UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN–JEWISH 1789–1939; HERZL, THEODOR; ISRAEL, STATE OF: RELATIONS; UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN FOUNDING OF THE MODERN STATE; LITERATURE: FRANCE ∗Einstein, Albert: BERLIN; GERMANY; SCHOLEM, GERSHOM Dreyfuss, Barney: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Einstein, Arik: MUSIC, POPULAR Driver, Minnie: FILM: UNITED STATES Eisen, Arnold: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY; JUDAISM, Dropkin, Celia: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CONSERVATIVE CENTURY; POETRY, YIDDISH Eisendrath, Maurice: JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AMERICA Dror, Liat: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Eisenhower, Dwight: DISPLACED PERSONS; UNITED STATES Druks, Michael: ART, ISRAELI PRESIDENTS Drumont, Edouard:´ ANTISEMITISM; ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, Eisenman, Peter: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS 1789–1939 Eisenmenger, Johann Andreas: CHRISTAIN HEBRAISM Dryfoos, Orvil: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Eisenstaedt, Alfred: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; LANGUAGE) PHOTOGRAPHY DuPlessis, Rachel Blau: POETRY: UNITED STATES Eisenstein, Bernice: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS Dubinsky, David: UNITED STATES: LABOR MOVEMENT Eisenstein, Ira: JUDAISM, RECONSTRUCTIONIST; Dublon, Else: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL RECONSTRUCTIONIST RABBINICAL COLLEGE Dubno, Solomon: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Eisner, Will: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: 1800 POPULAR FICTION ∗Dubnow, Simon: COUNCIL OF FOUR LANDS and COUNCIL OF Eitinger, Leo: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA LITHUANIA; THOUGHT, MODERN Elberg, Simhah: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Duchamp, Marcel: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY ∗Eldad ha-Dani: ETHIOPIA Duckwitz, Georg Ferdinand: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Eldad, Israel: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY Dudley, Jane: DANCE: UNITED STATES BODIES ∗Dunash ben Labrat: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES Eldan, Anadad: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW TO 1800 Eleazar: ZEALOTS Dunash ibn Tamim: ASTROLOGY; GRAMMARIANS AND Eleazer ben Azariah, R.: TANNAIM LEXICOGRAPHERS; SEFER YETZIRAH Eleazer ben Judah of Worms: EDUCATION, GIRLS: MEDIEVAL Duncan, Isadora: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL; AND EARLY MODERN; GOLEM; MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI DANCE: UNITED STATES ASHKENAZ; MYSTICISM: ANCIENT; NUMEROLOGY Dupeyron, Franc¸ois: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) (GEMATRIA); POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; Duran, Proﬁat: MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN POLEMICS WOMEN: MIDDLE AGES Duran, Solomon ben Simon (Rashbash): RESPONSA LITERATURE Eleazer ben Kallir: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Durkheim, Emile: ANTHROPOLOGY; JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE Eleazar ben Pedat, R.: AMORAIM (NINETEENTH CENTURY); KAPLAN, MORDECHAI M. Eleazar ben Samuel of Mainz: EDUCATION, GIRLS: MEDIEVAL Durlacher, Gerhard L.: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY AND EARLY MODERN; ETHICAL WILLS EUROPE Eleazar ben Simeon, R.: ZOHAR Dushkin, Alexander M. and Julia: SUMMER CAMPING Elder, Will: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Dyer, Richard: CELEBRITIES Elhanan: HANNAH Dymshits, Mark: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, Elh. anan ben Samuel: TOSAFISTS 1967–1989 Elh. anan ben Jakar: MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ Ebner, Ferdinand: BUBER, MARTIN Eli: SAMARITANS; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; SHILOH Edelstadt, Dovid: POETRY, YIDDISH Elias, Henry Hart: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Edelstein, Yuli: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, Eliashib: TOBIADS 1967–1989 Eliav, Lova: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Eden, Anthony: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN Eliezer, R.: TRIBES, TEN LOST Ederle, Gertrude: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, R.: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; TANNAIM Edvardson, Cordelia: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Eliezer ben Nathan: TOSAFISTS Edwards, Ralph: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION Eliezer ben Joel Ha-Levi: TOSAFISTS Egidio di Viterbo: CHRISTIAN HEBRAISM Eliezer of Beaugency: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES Efrat, Benni: ART, ISRAELI TO 1800; FRANCE: MIDDLE AGES Efrati, Moshe: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Eliezer of Touques: TOSAFISTS ∗Ehrenburg, Ilya: JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; Elihu: JOB, BOOK OF LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN RUSSIAN) ∗Elijah: AHAB; BIBLE; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; Ehrenkrantz, Dan: JUDAISM, RECONSTRUCTIONIST CANAAN, CANAANITES; ELIJAH: BIBLICAL AND Ehrenreich, Shlomoh Zalman: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL POST-BIBLICAL TRADITIONS; ELISHA; MOSES RESPONSES Elijah ben Solomon Zalman: VILNA; VILNA GAON Ehud: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE Elijah de Veali: ETHICAL WILLS Eichelbaum, Samuel: LATIN AMERICA Elimelekh: RUTH, BOOK OF Eichmann, Adolph: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT; HOLOCAUST; Elimelech of Lizhensk: DOV BER OF MIE¸ DZYRZECZ; H. ASIDISM: HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND KILLING CENTERS; HOLOCAUST EUROPE EDUCATION: NORTH AMERICA; HOLOCAUST ∗Elisha: BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; HABAKKUK, BOOK REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION; HOLOCAUST RESCUERS; OF; MAGIC HOLOCAUST TRIALS; LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE, ∗ Elisha ben Abuya: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; THERESIENSTADT; VIENNA METATRON Eicke, Theodor: HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND KILLING CENTERS Ellenson, David: HEBREW UNION COLLEGE-JEWISH INSTITUTE Eidlitz, Leopold: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY OF RELIGION Eilberg, Amy: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN Ellison, Harlan: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION

686

INDEX OF NAMES

Ellstein, Abe: THEATER, YIDDISH MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT AND MERKAVAH LITERATURE; Elte, Harry: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY PROPHETS; PTOLEMIES; RESURRECTION; SEFIROT; TRIBES, Elzas, A.: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY TWELVE Emden, Jacob: ABORTION Ezekiel the Poet (or Tragedian): HELLENISM; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; Emmanuel, David: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN PTOLEMIES: IMPACT ON JEWISH CULTURE AND THOUGHT Engel, Fritz: THEATER: EUROPE Ezekiel, Moses Jacob: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Englander, Nathan: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) ∗Ezra: BABYLON, BABYLONIA; BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND Enoch: ESCHATOLOGY; METATRON; MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT TRANSLATORS; EZEKIEL, BOOK OF; GOD; INTERMARRIAGE: AND MERKAVAH LITERATURE; PSEUDEPIGRAPHPA HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES; MOSES; NEHEMIAH, BOOK OF; Ephraim: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JACOB; JOSEPH; SHILOH; PERSIA, ANCIENT; RUTH, BOOK OF; SAMARITANS; TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, TWELVE SPINOZA, BARUCH Ephraim Solomon ben Aaron: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: Ezra ben Solomon: KABBALAH MIDDLE AGES TO 1800 ∗Fackenheim, Emil Ludwig: AESTHETICS; GOD; HOLOCAUST: Ephraim of Regensburg: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, EUROPE; TOSAFISTS MODERN Ephrem: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND Fagen, Cary: LITERATURE: CANADA JUDAISM Fainlight, Ruth: POETRY: BRITAIN Epicurus: EPIKOROS Faitlovitch, Jacques: ETHIOPIA Epiphanius: GNOSTICISM; SEPTUAGINT Faktor, Emil: THEATER: EUROPE Eppel, Asar: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Falaquera, Shem Tov: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Eppstein, Jacob: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Falk, Jacob Joshua ben Zevi Hirsch: FRANKFURT AM MAIN Epstein, Charlotte: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Falk, Marcia: GOD; JUDAISM, FEMINIST; PRAYER BOOKS: Epstein, Henry Moses: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL UNITED STATES Epstein, Jacob: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Falk, Shmuel Jacob H. ayyim: BAAL SHEM Epstein, J. N.: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES Fanta, Berta: PRAGUE Epstein, Yitzhak: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Farberb¨ ock,¨ Max: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) Erdman, Harley: ENTERTAINMENT Farer, Louis: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Erekat, Saeb: ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT Farjeon, Benjamin: LITERATURE: BRITAIN (1948 TO 2010) Farkas, Mihaly:´ COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Ernst, Jimmy: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Farrakhan, Louis: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – Erter, Yitzhak: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH JEWISH RELATIONS ∗Esau: ANTISEMITISM; EDOM; GENESIS, BOOK OF; ISAAC; Fassbinder, Rainer Werner: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: JACOB; JOB: RABBINIC TRADITIONS; LOVE; RASHI; DRAMA; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM REBEKAH; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE Faurisson, Robert: HOLOCAUST DENIAL Eshed, Eli: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS Fautrier, Jean: ART, ISRAELI Eshel, Ruth: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Favier, Auguste: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Eshkol, Levi: BEN-GURION, DAVID; ISRAEL, STATE OF: Fefer, Itsik: JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY BODIES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: Feierberg, Mordecai Ze’ev: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: POLITICAL PARTIES; MEIR, GOLDA HEBREW Eshkol, Noa: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Feierstein, Ricardo: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Essman, Susie: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Feiffer, Jules: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS ∗Esther: ANOINTMENT; APOCRYPHA; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; Feijoo,´ Beda Docampo: FILM: LATIN AMERICA DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; FIVE SCROLLS; FOLKTALES; Fein, Leonard: PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH INDIA; LITERATURE, LADINO; PERSIA, ANCIENT; PURIM; LANGUAGE) WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENATIONS Feinman, Dina: THEATER, YIDDISH Ettinger, Solomon: THEATER, YIDDISH Feinman, Sigmund: THEATER, YIDDISH Ettlinger, Jacob: HIRSCH, SAMSON RAPHAEL Feinstein, Diane: SAN FRANCISCO Etzioni-Halevy, Eva: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION; Feinstein, Elaine: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; POETRY: BRITAIN LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH Feiwel, Berthold: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE AMERICA) Feld, Eliot: DANCE: UNITED STATES Euchel, Isaac: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; Feldenkrais, Moshe: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL MENDELSSOHN, MOSES; THEATER, YIDDISH Feldman, Zev: MUSIC, POPULAR Eusebius: PSEUDEPIGRAPHA Feldmann, Wilhelm: THEATER: EUROPE Evans, Eli: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Felic,´ Eliza Rachel: THEATER: EUROPE ∗Eve: ADAM; ALPHABET OF BEN SIRA; AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; Fellig, Arthur: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; PHOTOGRAPHY CAIN AND ABEL; ETHICS, SEXUAL; EVIL AND SUFFERING; Felsenthal, Bernhard: CHICAGO; JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH GENESIS, BOOK OF; LILITH; SAMAEL; WOMEN, ANCIENT: AMERICA BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Ferber, Edna: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Eve, Nomi: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Ferdowsi: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE NORTH AMERICA) Feuchtwanger, Lion: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; THEATER: Evergood, Philip: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 EUROPE Eytan, Rachel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Feuerbach, Ludwig: BUBER, MARTIN 1882–2010 Feuerverger-Meiri, Meir: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL ∗Ezekiel: AFTERLIFE: HEBREW BIBLE AND SECOND TEMPLE RESPONSES PERIOD; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; BABYLON, BABYLONIA; Fibich, Felix: DANCE: UNITED STATES BAR KOKHBA; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; HOSEA, BOOK Fichandler, Zelda: THEATER: UNITED STATES OF; INCENSE; ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JERUSALEM: Ficino, Marsilio: KABBALAH BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC SOURCES; MYSTICISM, ANCIENT; Ficowski, Jerzy: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY

687

INDEX OF NAMES

Field, Esther: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE ∗Frankel, Zacharias: COHEN, HERMANN; GERMANY; GRAETZ, Fields, Lew: THEATER: UNITED STATES HEINRICH; JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY; JUDAISM, Fields, Totie: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS CONSERVATIVE; JUDAISM, REFORM: GERMANY; THOUGHT, Fierstein, Harvey: FILM: UNITED STATES MODERN Figes, Eva: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Frankenthaler, Helen: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Fink, Ida: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Franzos, Karl Emil: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Fink, Uri: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Freed, Isadore: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS POPULAR FICTION Freelander, Daniel: MUSIC, POPULAR Finkel, Note Hirsh (Natan Tsevi): MUSAR MOVEMENT Freeman, Mark: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Finkelkraut, Alain: LITERATURE: FRANCE Freilich, Alicia: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Finkelstein, Louis: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Fremont,´ John Charles: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; Finkelstein, Norman: POETRY: UNITED STATES PHOTOGRAPHY Firer, Bentsiyon: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Fresco, David: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) Firkovitch, Abraham: KARAISM ∗Freud, Sigmund: EGYPT AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; Fischel, Arnold: UNITED STATES: CIVIL WAR ENTERTAINMENT; HABSBURG EMPIRE; LITERATURE: Fisher, Bobby: CELEBRITIES CENTRAL EUROPE; MEDICINE; PAPPENHEIM, BERTHA; Fishman, Rukhl: POETRY, YIDDISH PSYCHOANALYSIS; VIENNA Fishof, Adolf: HABSBURG EMPIRE Fried, Avraham: MUSIC, POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Flack, Audrey: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Fried, Hedi:´ LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA REPRESENTATION: ART Friedan, Betty: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT Flapin, Simha: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Friedland, Sally-Anne: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Fleg, Edmond: LITERATURE: FRANCE Friedlander,¨ David: HASKALAH; MENDELSSOHN, MOSES Fleischer, Max: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Friedlander, Eytan: SPORTS: ISRAEL Fleischmann, Elizabeth: PHOTOGRAPHY Friedlander, Lee: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Fleishman, Jerry: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Friedlander,¨ Moritz: GNOSTICISM Fliegel, Bernard: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Friedman, Benny: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Foa, Eugenie:´ LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Friedman, Bruce Jay: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS NORTH AMERICA) Friedman, Carl: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Folman, Ari: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS Friedman, Debbie: CANTOR, CANTORATE: HISTORICAL Ford, Alexander: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM DEVELOPMENT; MUSIC, POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Ford, Henry: ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: UNITED STATES; Friedman, Gal: SPORTS: ISRAEL JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH LANGUAGE); Friedman, Kinky: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION SPORTS AND AMERICANIZATION; SPORTS, UNITED STATES: Friedman, Marty: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL BASEBALL Friedman, Richard E.: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND Forman, Zadik: LITERATURE, LADINO TRANSLATORS Forster,¨ Ludwig von: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH Friedman, Robert: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY CENTURY Friedman, Thomas L.: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Fosse, Bob: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM LANGUAGE) Fould, Benoˆıt and Achille: FRANCE: 1789–1939 Friedmann, Mira: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Fourier, Charles: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 POPULAR FICTION Fox, Everett: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS Friedsel, Louis: THEATER, YIDDISH Fox, Michael: EGYPT AND ANCIENT ISRAEL Frisch, Efraim: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Fox, William: FILM: UNITED STATES Fromm, Erich: ANTHROPOLOGY Fraenkel, David: GOD; MENDELSSOHN, MOSES Fromm, Herbert: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Franck, Adolphe: FRANCE: 1789–1939; JEWISH STUDIES: Froot, Dan: DANCE: UNITED STATES FRANCE (NINETEENTH CENTURY) Froschauer, Christoph: ART: ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS Franck, Henri: LITERATURE: FRANCE Fry, Varian: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS ∗Frank, Anne: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Fuchs, Leo: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE HOLOCAUST DIARIES; HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATION; Fuenn, Samuel Joseph: HASKALAH HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Fuentes, Carlos: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA DRAMA; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM; Fug, Semyon: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION; MUSEUMS RUSSIAN) Frank, Eva: FRANK, JACOB AND FRANKISM; MYSTICISM, Fuller, Jake: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL WOMEN AND; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Funn,¨ Shmuel Yosef: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Frank, Hans: HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATION Futterman, Enid: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA ∗ Frank, Jacob: ANTINOMIANISM; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; Gabler, Neal: FILM: UNITED STATES KABBALAH; MYSTICISM, WOMEN AND; UKRAINE; WOMEN: Gabo, Naum: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY EARLY MODERN EUROPE Gad: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; SAMUEL, BOOKS Frank, Leo: UNITED STATES: SOUTHERN OF; TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, TWELVE Frank, Edith, Margot, and Otto: FRANK, ANNE; HOLOCAUST Galante, Abraham: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Galpern, Lasar: DANCE: UNITED STATES Frank, Rachel (Ray): RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN; Gamaliel, R.: CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISM; UNITED STATES, WESTERN PATRIARCH; TANNAIM; WORSHIP Frank, Robert: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; PHOTOGRAPHY Gamaliel II, R.: PATRIARCH; TANNAIM Frankau, Gilbert: POETRY: BRITAIN Gans, David: PRAGUE; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE Frankau, Julia: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; POETRY: BRITAIN AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD Frankel, Ellen: JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY Gaon, Yehoram: MUSIC, POPULAR Frankel, Jacob: UNITED STATES: MILITARY CHAPLAINCY Gardner, Herb: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS

688

INDEX OF NAMES

Garﬁeld, John: FILM: UNITED STATES Glantz, Jacobo: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Garﬁnkel, Jack “Dutch”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Glantz, Margo: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Garfunkel, Baruch Mordecai and Moses: FASHION Glanville, Brian: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Gary, Romain: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Glasburg, Alexandre: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS LITERATURE: FRANCE Glatstein, Jacob (Yankev Glatshteyn): HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; Gat, Eliahu: ART, ISRAELI LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; Gat, Emanuel: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; POETRY: UNITED Gates, Pop: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL STATES; POETRY, YIDDISH Gavron, Jeremy: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Glikl bas Judah Leib: See Gluckel¨ of Hameln Gechtman, Gideon: ART, ISRAELI Glickman, Marty: SPORTSCASTERS Geffen, Aviv: MUSIC, POPULAR Glickman, Susan: LITERATURE: CANADA Geffen, Tobias: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Glickstein, Shlomo: SPORTS: ISRAEL ∗Geiger, Abraham: CHOSENNESS; FRANKFURT AM MAIN; Globocnik, Odilo: HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND KILLING CENTERS GERMANY; HIRSCH, SAMSON RAPHAEL; GOD; JUDAISM, Gluck,¨ Louise: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND REFORM: GERMANY; THOUGHT, MODERN; WISSENSCHAFT NORTH AMERICA); POETRY: UNITED STATES DES JUDENTUMS Gluck, Rena: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Gelbart, Larry: ENTERTAINMENT ∗Gluckel¨ of Hameln: FAMILY AND MARRIAGE: EARLY MODERN Gelber, N. M.: YIZKOR BOOKS PERIOD; LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; LITERATURE: Gens, Jacob: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); Gentry, Eve: DANCE: UNITED STATES LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700; MEMOIR AND Gerchunoff, Alberto: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; PAPPENHEIM, BERTHA; WOMEN: AMERICA EARLY MODERN EUROPE; WOMEN, MODERN: CENTRAL Gerlier, Pierre-Marie: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS EUROPE Gernsheim, Helmut: PHOTOGRAPHY Gluckstein,¨ Alain: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Gero,” Erno:” COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Gluska, Aharon: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART ∗Gershom ben Judah of Mainz: COMMERCE: MEDIEVAL AND Gnessin, Uri Nissan: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, EARLY MODERN EUROPE; DIVORCE: HISTORICAL 1880–1948 DEVELOPMENT; GERMANY; MARRIAGE AND MARRIAGE Godbey, A.: TRIBES, TEN LOST CUSTOMS; MARTYRDOM; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Godder, Yasmeen: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL EUROPE; RASHI; RESPONSA LITERATURE; WOMEN: MIDDLE Goebbels, Joseph: HOLOCAUST; HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND AGES KILLING CENTERS; HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATION; Gershon, Karen: KINDERTRANSPORT; LITERATURE: BRITAIN; THERESIENTSTADT POETRY: BRITAIN Golan, Eyal: MUSIC, POPULAR Gersht, Yehudah Layb: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Golan, Menahem: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Gershuni, Moshe: ART, ISRAELI Gold, Michael: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) Gershwin, George: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, Goldberg, Daniel: FILM: LATIN AMERICA UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Goldberg, Leah: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Gershwin, Ira: THEATER: UNITED STATES 1882–2010; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948; ∗Gersonides (Levi ben Gershon): ASTROLOGY; BIBLICAL POETRY, MODERN HEBREW COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; FRANCE, Goldblatt, Emanuel: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: Goldemberg, Isaac: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD; THOUGHT, Golden, Harry: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN MEDIEVAL Goldenberg, Shmuel Leib: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Gerz, Jochen: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Goldenson, Leonard: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Gessner, Solomon: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Goldfaden, Avrom: THEATER, YIDDISH Getter, Tamar: ART, ISRAELI Goldin, Farideh: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Geva, Avital: ART, ISRAELI Goldin, Sidney: FILM: YIDDISH – LANGUAGE Geva, Zibi: ART, ISRAELI Goldin, Leyb: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Giacon, Samuel: PRINTING Golding, Louis: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; POETRY: BRITAIN Giardino, Vittorio: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS Goldman, Emma: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT Gideon, Jerubaal: COURTS Goldman, Mo: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Gies, Miep: FRANK, ANNE Goldmann, Annie: LITERATURE: FRANCE Gikatilla, Joseph: KABBALAH; ZOHAR Goldmann, Nahum: ENCYCLOPEDIAS; ISRAEL, STATE OF: Gilboa, Amir: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW DIASPORA RELATIONS; ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF Gilgamesh: MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL THE MODERN STATE; ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE Gillman, Neil: GOD; THOUGHT, MODERN MOVEMENT Gillman, Sid: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Goldreich, Gloria: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Ginsberg, Allen: POETRY: UNITED STATES Goldsmid, Francis: MONTEFIORE, MOSES HAIM Ginzberg, Asher: See AH. AD HA-AM Goldsmid, Louisa: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN Ginzberg, H. L.: JUDAISM, CONSERVATIVE Goldschmidt, Me¨ır Aron: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Ginzberg, Louis: JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY; JUDAISM, Goldstein, Maksymilian: MUSEUMS CONSERVATIVE; SZOLD, HENRIETTA Goldstein, Moritz: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Giordano, Ralph: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Goldstein, Rebecca: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE Giradoux, Jean: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 AND NORTH AMERICA); LITERATURE: UNITED STATES Girsdansky, Joseph “Gid”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: (SINCE 1900) BASKETBALL Goldwyn, Samuel: FILM: UNITED STATES Girsdansky, Max: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Goliath: APOCRYPHA; BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND Gitai, Amos: INFERTILITY PEACE; DAVID; PHILISTINES

689

INDEX OF NAMES

Golinkin, Mordechai: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL UNITED STATES; ORGANIZATIONS, WOMEN’S: NORTH Goller, Izak: LITERATURE: BRITAIN AMERICA; PHILADELPHIA Goloboff, Mario: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Graubart, Philip: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Golomb, Eliyahu: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Grede, Kjell: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); PARAMILITARY BODIES LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Golub, Leon: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Green, Arthur: AESTHETICS; ETHICS, ENVIRONMENTAL; GOD; REPRESENTATION: ART H. AVURAH MOVEMENT; JUDAISM: JEWISH RENEWAL Gomer: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS MOVEMENT; JUDAISM, RECONSTRUCTIONIST; THOUGHT, Goodman, Allegra: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900); MODERN LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH Green, Adolph: THEATER: UNITED STATES AMERICA) Green, Joseph: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE Goodman, Andrew: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – Green, Shawn: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL JEWISH RELATIONS; UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS Greenberg, Clement: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 MOVMENT Greenberg, Henry Benjamin “Hank”: CELEBRITIES; SPORTS, Goodman, Benny: CHICAGO UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Goodman, Percival: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Greenberg, Joanne: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE Goodman, Ruth: DANCE: UNITED STATES AND NORTH AMERICA) Goodrich, Frances: FRANK, ANNE; HOLOCAUST Greenberg, Sydney: PRAYER BOOKS: UNITED STATES REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Greenberg, Uri Tzvi: ART, ISRAELI; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE Gorbachev, Mikhail: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, YISHUV, 1880–1948; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW; POETRY, 1967–1989 YIDDISH Gordin, Jacob: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; LITERATURE: Greenberg, Yitzhak: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; POPULAR FICTION; SECULARISM; THEATER, YIDDISH THOUGHT, MODERN ∗Gordon, Aharon David: GARDENS; ISRAEL, STATE OF: Grinberg, Zalman: DISPLACED PERSONS ECOLOGY; KOOK, ABRAHAM ISAAC Gringauz, Samuel: DISPLACED PERSONS Gordan, David: DANCE: UNITED STATES Grobelny, Halina and Julian: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Gordon, David: HASKALAH Grodzensky, Avraham: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Gordon, Judah Leib: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: Gropper, William: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; HOLOCAUST HASKALAH; SECULARISM; THOUGHT, MODERN; WOMEN, REPRESENTATION: ART MODERN: EASTERN EUROPE Gross, Chaim: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Gordon, Samuel: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Gross, Michael: ART, ISRAELI Goring,¨ Hermann: HOLOCAUST Grossman, David: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Goskind, Shaul and Itzhak: FILM: YIDDISH – LANGUAGE LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Goth, Trudy: DANCE: UNITED STATES LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; MUSIC, POPULAR Gotheiner, Zvi: DANCE: UNITED STATES Grossman, Vasily: JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; Gotlieb, Phyllis: LITERATURE: CANADA LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN RUSSIAN) Gottheil, Richard J. H.: FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES: NORTH Grosz, George: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART AMERICA Grumberg, Jean-Claude: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Gottlieb, Adolph: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; ART, DRAMA; THEATER: EUROPE AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Grunberg, Arnon: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Gottlieb, Eddie: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Grunfeld, Ernie: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Gottlieb, Lynn: JUDAISM, FEMINIST Grunﬁeld,¨ Nina: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Gottlieb, Mauryey: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Gottlober, Avrom Ber: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; Grunzweig, Emil: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT THEATER, YIDDISH Grynszpan, Herschel: HOLOCAUST; KRISTALLNACHT Gottwald, Norman: TRIBES, TWELVE Guberman, Igor’: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Gouri, Haim: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; LITERATURE, RUSSIAN) HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Gucci, Matteo: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO Govrin, Michal: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE, EIGHTEENTH CENTURY HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, 1882–2010 Guimard, Hector: SYNAGOGUES: FRANCE; SYNAGOGUES: Grade, Chaim: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION TWENTIETH CENTURY ∗Graetz, Heinrich: AESTHETICS; COHEN, HERMANN; JEWISH Gumpertz, Aron: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES PUBLICATION SOCIETY; MARX, KARL; THOUGHT, MODERN; Gunzburg,¨ Mordecai Aaron: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; WISSENSCHAFT DES JUDENTUMS MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Graham, Martha: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL; Gunzburg,¨ Barons Yevzel, Horace, and David: DUBNOW, SIMON; DANCE: UNITED STATES SAINT PETERSBURG; SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF Granach, Alexander: THEATER: EUROPE ENLIGHTENMENT AMONG THE JEWS OF RUSSIA (OPE) Granovsky, Alexander: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; THEATER, Gunzenhauser, Joseph ben Jacob Ashkenazi and Azriel: PRINTING YIDDISH Gur, Batya: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS; Grant, Linda: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: WOMEN LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA) Gurevich, Lev: SAINT PETERSBURG Grant, Ulysses S.: PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Gussow, Bernard: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 LANGUAGE); UNITED STATES: CIVIL WAR; UNITED STATES: Guston, Philip: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; ART, POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Gratz, Michael and Barnard: UNITED STATES: AMERICAN Gutman, Claude: LITERATURE: FRANCE REVOLUTION Gutman, Nahum: ART, ISRAELI ∗Gratz, Rebecca: LEESER, ISAAC; LITERATURE: WOMEN Gutfreund, Amir: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); NURSING: Guthrie, Tyrone: THEATER: UNITED STATES

690

INDEX OF NAMES

Haacke, Hans: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS ∗Hannah: ETHICS, MEDICAL; INFERTILITY; ISRAELITES: ∗Habakkuk: BEL AND THE DRAGON RELIGION; PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN, Haber, Fritz: BERLIN ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Habord, J. G.: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Hannah, Mother of Seven Sons: AFTERLIFE: HEBREW BIBLE AND Hackett, Albert: FRANK, ANNE; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; H. ANUKKAH, AND WOMEN; DRAMA HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; MARTYRDOM Hackett, Buddy: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS H. aninah ben Dosa, R.: MEDICINE Hacohen, Shalom: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Hansson, Ola: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Hadassah: DANCE: UNITED STATES Hapgood, Hutchins: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Hadassi, Judah: KARAISM Harby, Isaac: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Hadrian: BAR KOKHBA; JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC Hareven, Shulamit: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, SOURCES; JEWISH WAR, SECOND; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE; 1882–2010 SAMARITANS Harden, Maximilian: THEATER: EUROPE Ha’efrati, Joseph: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Harkavy, Alexander: YIDDISH DICTIONARIES Hafez: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Harlap, Mosheh Ya’akov: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Haft, Nina: DANCE: UNITED STATES RESPONSES Hagai, Baruch: SPORTS: ISRAEL Harnack, Adolph von: GNOSTICISM ∗Hagar: ABRAHAM; BIBLE: ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; GENESIS, Harnick, Sheldon: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS BOOK OF; INFERTILITY; ISHMAEL; ISHMAEL: RABBINIC Harris, Louis: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 TRADITIONS; SARAH; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Harris, Ruth: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL REPRESENTATIONS Harrison, Earl: DISPLACED PERSONS ∗Haggai: ESCHATOLOGY: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; PERSIA, Harrison, Lester: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL ANCIENT Hart, Lorenz: THEATER: UNITED STATES ∗Hai ben Sherira Gaon: GAON, GEONIM, GEONIC ACADEMIES; Hart, Moss: THEATER: UNITED STATES RESPONSA LITERATURE Hartman, David: THOUGHT, MODERN Haile Selassie: ETHIOPIA Haruveni, Ephraim and Nogah: GARDENS Ha¨ım, Victor: THEATER: EUROPE H. asdai ibn Shaprut: DUNASH BEN LABRAT; MEDICINE; SPAIN, Hakak, Lev: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW MUSLIM Hakakian, Roya: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Haukeland, Jon: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA ∗Halevi, Judah: AESTHETICS; CHOSENNESS; EGYPT: MIDDLE Hayden, Melissa: DANCE: UNITED STATES AGES; IBN EZRA, ABRAHAM; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; H. ayyim ben Moses ibn Attar: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE JUDEO-ARABIC; LOVE; MEDICINE; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: AGES TO 1800 CHRISTIAN EUROPE; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD; H. ayyim ha-Kohen: MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: H. ayyuj, Judah: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD; SHEKHINAH; 1800; GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS; IBN EZRA, SPAIN, MUSLIM; STRAUSS, LEO; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL ABRAHAM Halevi, Hayim David: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Haza, Ofra: MUSIC, POPULAR Halevi, Solomon ben Moses Alkabits: PRINTING Hazaz, Haim: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Halevi, Uri Feiwesh: PRINTING LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 Halevy,´ Betzalel Saadi: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN Head, Edith: FASHION EMPIRE) Heartﬁeld, John: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Halevy,´ Jacques Fromental: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS Hecht, Anthony: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); THEATER: EUROPE Hecht, Ben: FILM: UNITED STATES; JOURNALISM: UNITED Halevy,´ Joseph: ETHIOPIA; JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE STATES; LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION (NINETEENTH CENTURY) Hecker, Zvi: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Halevy,´ Ludovic: THEATER: EUROPE Hegel, Georg: AESTHETICS; FACKENHEIM, EMIL LUDWIG; Halevy,´ Shmuel Saadi: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN KOOK, ABRAHAM ISAAC; KROCHMAL, NACHMAN; EMPIRE) THOUGHT, MODERN Halkin, Hillel: ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA RELATIONS Heijermans, Herman: THEATER: EUROPE Halkin, Simon: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 Heine, Heinrich: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY; Halle-Wolfssohn, Aaron: THEATER, YIDDISH LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; Halpart, Samuel: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA; SECULARISM Halpern, Israel: COUNCIL OF FOUR LANDS and COUNCIL OF Heise, Heinz: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY LITHUANIA Heldman, Gladys: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Halprin, Anna: DANCE: UNITED STATES Heldman, Julie: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Hamburger, Cao: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Helene of Adiabene: WOMEN, ANCIENT: SECOND TEMPLE Hamburger, Michael: POETRY: BRITAIN PERIOD Hameiri, Avigdor: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, Helfman, Hesia: RUSSIA 1880–1948 Helfman, Max: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Hammerstein, Oscar I: THEATER: UNITED STATES Hellen, Elkhonon: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700 Hammerstein, Oscar II: THEATER: UNITED STATES Heller, Max: JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AMERICA ∗Hammurabi: LAW: ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND HEBREW Heller, Michael: POETRY: UNITED STATES BIBLE Heller, Yom-Tov Lipmann: PRAGUE Hamon, Moses: OTTOMAN EMPIRE Hellman, Lillian: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Hamor: DINAH H. en, Zerahiah: ITALY Hampton, Christopher: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Hendel, Yehudit: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, H. ananiah ben H. ezekiah, R.: EZEKIEL, BOOK OF 1882–2010 H. ananiah ben Teradion, R.: MARTYRDOM Henkin, Joseph: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES

691

INDEX OF NAMES

Heraclius: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND ∗Hirsch, Samson Raphael: ETHICS, ENVIRONMENTAL; JUDAISM FRANKFURT AM MAIN; GERMANY; GOD; GRAETZ, Hermann, Georg: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE HEINRICH; HABSBURG EMPIRE; JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: Hermlin, Stephan: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE MODERN ORTHODOX; JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: ULTRA- Herrnfeld, Anton: THEATER: EUROPE ORTHODOX; MENDELSSOHN, MOSES; THOUGHT, MODERN Herrnfeld, Donat: THEATER: EUROPE Hirschbein, Peretz: FILM: YIDDISH – LANGUAGE; THEATER, ∗Herod the Great: ARCHELAUS; ARCHEOLOGY, LAND OF YIDDISH ISRAEL: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; HASMONEAN DYNASTY; Hirschbiegel, Oliver: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM HEROD AND HERODIAN DYNASTY; JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL Hirschfeld, Harry: RADIO: UNITED STATES AND RABBINIC SOURCES; JOSEPHUS; MASADA; Hirschﬁeld, Pearl: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; SAMARIA; TEMPLE, SECOND; ZEALOTS Hirszenberg, Samuel: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY Herod Antipas: ARCHEOLOGY, LAND OF ISRAEL: SECOND H. isda, R.: AMORAIM TEMPLE PERIOD; FRANCE: MIDDLE AGES; HEROD AND Hitler, Adolph: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; ART, HERODIAN DYNASTY AMERICAN (BEFORE 1940); BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND Herrmann, Max: THEATER: EUROPE MODERN; COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE; FACKENHEIM, Hershberg, Israel: ART, ISRAELI EMIL LUDWIG; HOLOCAUST; HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND Hershman, Marcie: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION KILLING CENTERS; HOLOCAUST RESCUERS; JOINT Hershman, Mordechai: FILM: YIDDISH – LANGUAGE; MUSIC, DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE; LEVINAS, EMMANUEL; NAZI, POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS NAZI PARTY; ROMA; WORLD WAR II: IMPACT ON Hertz, Fanny: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN AMERICAN JEWS Hertz, Henrik: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA; THEATER: EUROPE Hivi ha-Balkhi: SAADIA BEN JOSEPH GAON Hertz, Robert: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH H. iyya, R.: TANNAIM; TOSEFTA CENTURY) Hobab: See JETHRO Herzberg, Abel: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Hobsbaum, Philip: POETRY: BRITAIN Herzfeld, Jacob: THEATER: EUROPE Hochhuth, Rolf: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA ∗Herzl, Theodor: ART, ISRAELI; DREYFUS AFFAIR; HABSBURG Hocker,¨ Karl: HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATION EMPIRE; ISRAEL, STATE OF: AGRICULTURAL Hod, Nir: ART, ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS,1878–1948; ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF Hodes, Stuart and Linda Margolis: DANCE: UNITED STATES THE MODERN STATE; JERUSALEM: 1948–1967; KOOK, Hofmannsthal, Hugo von: BUBER, MARTIN; LITERATURE: ABRAHAM ISAAC; MUSEUMS; RUSSIA; TEL AVIV; THOUGHT, CENTRAL EUROPE MODERN; WEIZMANN, CHAIM; ZANGWILL, ISRAEL; Hoffmeier, James: EGYPT AND ANCIENT ISRAEL ZIONISM; ZIONISM: FRANCE; ZIONISM: UNITED STATES Hoffmeister, Adolf: HOLOCAUST: GHETTOS Herzog, Elizabeth: ANTHROPOLOGY Hofshteyn, Dovid: ART: ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS; JEWISH ∗Heschel, Abraham Joshua: AESTHETICS; BERKOVITS, ELIEZER; ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; POETRY, YIDDISH ETHICS, ENVIRONMENTAL; GOD; INTERFAITH DIALOGUE: Hogah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS UNITED STATES; JUDAISM, CONSERVATIVE; JUDAISM: Hoheisel, Horst: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS JEWISH RENEWAL MOVEMENT; REVELATION; Holberg, Ludvig: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA RUBENSTEIN, RICHARD L.; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, Holdheim, Samuel: JUDAISM, REFORM: GERMANY; THOUGHT, MODERN; UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT MODERN Heschel, Susannah: HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; JUDAISM, Hollander,¨ Felix: THEATER: EUROPE FEMINIST; THOUGHT, MODERN Holland, Agnieszka: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) Hess, Amira: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Holliday, Judy: FILM: UNITED STATES Hess, Moses: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; MARX, KARL; Holman, Nat: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL SECULARISM; THOUGHT, MODERN Holzer, Rochl: THEATER, YIDDISH Heusen, Jimmy van: ENTERTAINMENT Holzman, William “Red”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: Hever, Hanan: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION BASKETBALL Heyen, William: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Homburg, Herz: PRAGUE ∗Hezekiah: ANOINTMENT; ASSYRIA; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND Honigmann, Barbara: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; PROPHECY; CANAAN, CANAANITES; CHRONICLES, BOOKS LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE OF; ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP; ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JOSHUA, Hophni: SAMUEL, BOOKS OF BOOK OF; KINGS, BOOKS OF; LEVITICUS, BOOK OF; MAGIC; Horkheimer, Max: FRANKFURT AM MAIN MEDICINE; ZEPHANIAH, BOOK OF Horn, Dara: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Hickey, Jeremiah: FASHION NORTH AMERICA) Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Horn, Shifra: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Hilberg, Raul: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA 1882–2010 Hildesheimer, Esriel: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: MODERN Horowitz, Beila: PRAGUE ORTHODOX Horowitz, Chaim: BARAITA DE-NIDDAH ∗Hillel: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; FOLKTALES; MAGIC; MISHNAH; Horowitz, Isaiah ben Abraham Ha-Levi: FRANKFURT AM MAIN; PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA; TANNAIM KABBALAH, LURIANIC Hillel II: Rosh H. odesh Horowitz, Sarah Rebecca Rachel Leah: PRAYER: WOMEN’S Hillel of Verona: ITALY DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Hillman, Sidney: UNITED STATES: LABOR MOVEMENT Horthy, Miklos:´ HOLOCAUST RESCUERS; HUNGARY Himmelfarb, Harold: EDUCATION, NORTH AMERICA: Horwitz-Walecki, Max: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE SUPPLEMENTAL SCHOOLS ∗Hosea: ASSYRIA; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; JEREMIAH, Hiram of Tyre: PHOENICIA, PHOENICIANS BOOK OF Hirsch, Emil: CHICAGO; SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Hoshaiah, R.: TOSEFTA Hirsch, Baron Maurice de: ARGENTINA; BARON DE HIRSCH Hoss,¨ Rudolf: HOLOCAUST; HOLOCAUST TRIALS FUND; LATIN AMERICA Howe, Irving: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900)

692

INDEX OF NAMES

Hoz, Dov: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY Isaac ben Moses of Vienna (Riaz): MEIR BEN BARUKH OF BODIES ROTHENBURG; MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ; Hrebejk,ˇ Jan: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) PRAGUE; TOSAFISTS Hugh of Lincoln: RITUAL MURDER ACCUSATION Isaac ben Samuel: TOSAFISTS Hughes, Langston: THEATER: UNITED STATES Isaac ben Solomon Israeli: THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Hughes, Sarah: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Isaac ha-Cohen: SAMAEL Hughes, Ted: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Isaac ha-Gorni: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Huldah: JOSIAH; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Isaac ha-Levi: RASHI REPRESENTATIONS Isaac ha-Seniri: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Hume, David: BERKOVITS, ELIEZER Isaac ibn Barun: GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS Humphrey, Doris: DANCE: UNITED STATES Isaac ibn Sahula: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN; Huna, R.: AMORAIM; EXILARCH POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Hundertwasser, Friedensreich: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Isaac of Acre: DEVEKUT ART Isaac of Corbeil: MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ Hurvitz, Yair: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Isaac of Dampierre (Ri): MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ Hurwitz, Haikl: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST ∗Isaac the Blind: ABRAHAM BEN DAVID OF POSQUIERES;` CENTURY FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; SEFIROT Hurwitz, Moyshe: THEATER, YIDDISH Isaac, Aaron: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Hurwitz, Sheftl: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Isaacs, Jorge: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Hussein, King of Jordan: ISRAEL, STATE OF: WARS (1956–1967); Isaacson, Michael: MUSIC, POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT (1948–2010) Isaak, Levi: DOV BER OF MIE¸DZYRZECZ Hyrcanus II: HASMONEAN DYNASTY ∗Isaiah: AFTERLIFE: HEBREW BIBLE AND SECOND TEMPLE ∗Ibn Ezra, Abraham: ASTROLOGY; BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: PERIOD; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; MICAH, BOOK MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; CHRISTAIN HEBRAISM; ELDAD OF; THEOLOGY HA-DANI; GERSONIDES; GRAMMARIANS AND Isaiah di Trani: TOSAFISTS LEXICOGRAPHERS; ISAIAH, BOOK OF; ISLAM AND Iscovescu, Barbu: ROMANIA ∗ JUDAISM; KIMH. I FAMILY; KROCHMAL, NACHMAN; LOVE; Ishmael: ABRAHAM; ARABIA; CIRCUMCISION; HAGAR; NAH. MANIDES; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; ISHMAEL: RABBINIC TRADITIONS; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY JACOB; SARAH MODERN PERIOD; SHEKHINAH; SONG OF SONGS, BOOK OF; Ishmael, R.: MARTYRDOM; MEDICINE; METATRON; SPAIN, MUSLIM; THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT AND MERKAVAH LITERATURE; ∗Ibn Ezra, Moses: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN; RABBINIC HERMENEUTICS; TANNAIM; WOMEN, ANCIENT: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD; SPAIN, MUSLIM RABBINIC JUDAISM ∗Ibn Gabirol, Solomon: LOVE; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM Isidor, Lazare: FRANCE: 1789–1939 WORLD; SPAIN, MUSLIM; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Israel: See ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF; ISRAEL, STATE OF Ibn Nah. mias, David and Samuel: PRINTING; TURKEY Israel: See JACOB Ibn Tibbon, Jacob ben Makhir: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE Israel of Kozienice: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE AGES Israel ben Eliezer: See BAAL SHEM TOV Ibn Tibbon, Judah: ETHICAL WILLS; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: Israel of Ruzhin: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE MIDDLE AGES; KIMH. I FAMILY Israel of Shklov: VILNA GAON Ibn Tibbon, Moses: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES Israel Loebel of Sluck: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Ibn Tibbon, Samuel: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; Israels,¨ Josef: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY Issachar: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; LEAH; TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, MODERN PERIOD TWELVE Idelsohn, Abraham Z.: MUSIC, POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS ∗Isserles, Moses (Rema): EDUCATION, GIRLS: MEDIEVAL AND Il’f, Ilya: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN EARLY MODERN; HALAKHAH; SHULH. AN ARUKH; TEFILLIN; RUSSIAN) THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Imar, Vivian: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Iushchinskii, Andrei: BEILIS TRIAL Immanuel of Rome: ITALY; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Izban, Samuel: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: THE YISHUV EUROPE; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Jabin: DEBORAH Immendorff, Jorg:¨ HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Jabotinsky, Vladimir (Ze’ev): BEN-GURION, DAVID; ISRAEL, Imrani: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STATE OF: FOUNDING OF THE MODERN STATE; ISRAEL, Ingber, Judith Brin: DANCE: UNITED STATES STATE OF: MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY BODIES; RUSSIA; Iranaeus: GNOSTICISM ZIONISM Irving, David: HOLOCAUST DENIAL; HOLOCAUST TRIALS Jackson, Henry: PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH ∗Isaac: ABRAHAM; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; BIBLE: ANCESTRAL LANGUAGE) NARRATIVES; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; EDOM; ESAU; Jackson, Robert H.: HOLOCAUST TRIALS GENESIS, BOOK OF; GOD; HAGAR; HOLOCAUST ∗Jacob: ABRAHAM; ANTISEMITISM; BALAAM; BETH EL; BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS: ART; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; ISHMAEL; ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; DIETARY LAWS; DINAH; ESAU; ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; JACOB; LOVE; GENESIS, BOOK OF; GOD; ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND MARTYRDOM; PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; FAMILY; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JOSEPH; LEAH; LOVE; REBEKAH MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; PHILO OF Isaac bar Sheshet (Ribash): RESPONSA LITERATURE ALEXANDRIA; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; RACHEL; REBEKAH; Isaac ben Abba Mari: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES REDEMPTION; SHECHEM; TAMAR; TRIBES, TWELVE Isaac ben Abraham: KABBALAH; KARAISM Jacob al-Kirkisani: KARAISM; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Isaac ben Asher: TOSAFISTS Jacob Anatoli: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES ∗ Isaac ben Eliakim: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700 Jacob ben Asher: ASHER BEN JEH. IEL; HALAKHAH; ISSERLES, Isaac ben Jedaiah: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES MOSES; JUDAH BEN ASHER; PRINTING

693

INDEX OF NAMES

Jacob ben Elazar: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN; Jellinek, Adolf: HABSBURG EMPIRE POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Jellinek, Hermann: HABSBURG EMPIRE Jacob ben Jakar: RASHI ∗Jeremiah: APOCRYPHA; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; Jacob ben Meir Tam (Rabbeinu Tam): MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI BRIDE AND BRIDEGROOM; CANAAN, CANAANITES; ASHKENAZ; MARTYRDOM; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN HABAKKUK, BOOK OF; HOSEA, BOOK OF; LAMENTATIONS, EUROPE; RASHI; RESPONSA LITERATURE; TEFILLIN; BOOK OF; MICAH, BOOK OF; REDEMPTION; TEMPLE AND TOSAFISTS TEMPLE CULT; THEOLOGY Jacob ben Nethanel ha-Cohen: PILGRIMAGE Jeremiah, R.: AMORAIM Jacob ben Reuben: MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN ∗Jeroboam: BETH EL; CANAAN, CANAANITES; ISRAEL, POLEMICS KINGDOM OF; REHOBOAM; SHECHEM; SHILOH; UNITED Jacob ben Solomon: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE MONARCHY; WORSHIP Jacob Isaac of Lublin: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Jerome: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND Jacob Isaac of Przysucha: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE JUDAISM; JOB: RABBINIC TRADITIONS; SEPTUAGINT Jacob of London: ENGLAND: MIDDLE AGES; POETRY, Jesenska,´ Milena: KAFKA, FRANZ MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Jeshua ben Judah: KARAISM Jacob, Max: LITERATURE: FRANCE Jesse: DAVID Jacobi, Lotte: PHOTOGRAPHY Jessel, George: ENTERTAINMENT; THEATER, UNITED STATES: Jacobs, Joseph: ZANGWILL, ISRAEL PLAYWRIGHTS Jacobs, Monty: THEATER: EUROPE Jessner, Leopold: THEATER: EUROPE Jacobsohn, Siegfried: THEATER: EUROPE Jesurum, Stefano: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Jacobson, Gershon: JOURNALISM, YIDDISH: NORTH AMERICA Jesus: APOCRYPHA; CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND TEMPLE Jacobson, Howard: LITERATURE: BRITAIN JUDAISM; CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND Jacobson, Israel: JUDAISM, REFORM: GERMANY JUDAISM; GNOSTICISM; HEROD AND HERODIAN DYNASTY; Jacobson, Simon: SCHNEERSON, MENACHEM MENDEL ISLAM AND JUDAISM; MESSIANISM entries; MIDDLE AGES: Jacoby, Alfred: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY JEWISH – CHRISTIAN POLEMICS; MOSES; NEW TESTAMENT; Jael: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; PASSOVER; PHARISEES; PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA; DEBORAH; ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JUDGES, BOOK OF; SADDUCEES; SAMARITANS; SHABBETAI ZEVI; WOMEN, WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS ANCIENT: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD Jaffe, Kalonymos ben Mordecai: PRINTING ∗Jethro: EXODUS, BOOK OF; JOB: RABBINIC TRADITIONS; Jaffe, Moshe: HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE MOSES Jaffe, Norman: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Jezebel: AHAB; ELIJAH: BIBLICAL AND POST-BIBLICAL Jais, Alan: FILM: LATIN AMERICA TRADITIONS; ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF; OBADIAH, BOOK OF; Jakobovits, Tobias: PRAGUE WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Jakubowska, Wanda: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer: LITERATURE: BRITAIN James: APOCRYPHA; CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND TEMPLE Jian, Sylvie: SPORTS: ISRAEL JUDAISM Joab: BATHSHEBA; BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND Jankev ben Isaac Ashkenazi: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN PEACE EUROPE ∗Job: AFTERLIFE: HEBREW BIBLE AND SECOND TEMPLE Janowski, Max: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS PERIOD; AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; BIBLE: WISDOM Janowsky, Oscar: UNITED STATES: COMMUNITY CENTER LITERATURE; EVIL AND SUFFERING; HOLOCAUST MOVEMENT REPRESENTATION: ART; JEREMIAH, BOOK OF; JETHRO; Japheth ben Eli ha-Levi: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE JOB: RABBINIC TRADITIONS; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA AGES TO 1800; KARAISM; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL ∗Joel: PROPHETS Jaroslow, Risa: DANCE: UNITED STATES Joel Baal Shem of Zamoscs: BAAL SHEM Jason of Cyrene: APOCRYPHA; MACCABEES, BOOKS OF Joel, Richard: HILLEL: FOUNDATIONS; YESHIVA UNIVERSITY Jefferson, Thomas: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; Joh. anan, R.: COURTS; MISHNAH; TOSEFTA UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Joh. anan bar Napah. a, R.: AMORAIM Jedaiah Bedersi ha-Penini: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Joh. anan ben Zakkai: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; COURTS; JUDAISM; EUROPE; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; THOUGHT, TANNAIM; WORSHIP MEDIEVAL John the Baptist: HEROD AND HERODIAN DYNASTY Jefet ben Eli: KARAISM John Hyrcanus: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; MACCABEES, BOOKS Jeh. iel ben Jekutiel: TALMUD, JERUSALEM OF; PHARISEES; SADDUCEES; SAMARITANS Jeh. iel ben Joseph of Paris: MEIR BEN BARUKH OF John of Gischala: ZEALOTS ROTHENBURG; MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN Johnson, Lyndon B.: UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS POLEMICS; TOSAFISTS Jolson, Al: CANTORS, CANTORATE: HISTORICAL Jeh. iel of Pisa: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN DEVELOPMENT; CELEBRITIES; FILM: UNITED STATES; Jehoahaz: JOSIAH RADIO: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED STATES; Jehoiachin: BABYLONIAN EXILE; EZEKIEL, BOOK OF; KINGS, THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS BOOKS OF ∗Jonah: BALAAM; COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Jehoram: EDOM ∗Jonah ben Abraham Gerondi: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE Jehoshaphat: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; AGES; SPAIN, CHRISTIAN; TOSAFISTS ELISHA Jonah ibn Janah: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Jehosheba: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS 1800; GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS; IBN EZRA, Jehu: ASSYRIA; ELISHA; ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP; KINGS, BOOKS ABRAHAM OF Jonas, Hans: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Jenkins, Margaret: DANCE: UNITED STATES ∗Jonas, Regina: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN Jephthah: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; Jonathan: DAVID; LOVE; SAUL JUDGES, BOOK OF; LITERATURE, LADINO Jonathan ha-Kohen: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES

694

INDEX OF NAMES

∗ Jones, Bill: DANCE: UNITED STATES Judah ben Asher: ASHER BEN JEH. IEL; JACOB BEN ASHER Jose ben Bun, R.: GARDENS Judah ben Baba, R.: MARTYRDOM Jose ben H. alafta, R.: TANNAIM Judah ben Isaac: TOSAFISTS Jose ben Jose: PRAYER BOOKS Judah ben Jacob: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Josel of Rosheim: GERMANY Judah ben Kuraish: GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS ∗Joseph: ABRAHAM; BIBLE: ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; Judah ben Nathan: RASHI FOLKTALES; EXODUS, BOOK OF; GENESIS, BOOK OF; Judah ben Samuel: NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA) ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JACOB; LITERATURE, LADINO; LOVE; Judah ben Solomon ha-Kohen: SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: LUZZATTO, MOSES H. AYYIM; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD PTOLEMIES; RACHEL; SHECHEM; TRIBES, TWELVE Judah ben Tabbai: RESPONSA LITERATURE Joseph (son of Tobiah): TOBIADS ∗Judah ha-Nasi (the Patriarch): HALAKHAH; MISHNAH; Joseph II: EMANCIPATION; HABSBURG EMPIRE; LITERATURE: PATRIARCH; RABBINIC LITERATURE: MISHNAH AND CENTRAL EUROPE TALMUDS; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE; TANNAIM Joseph al-Basir: THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Judah ibn Mosconi: BYZANTINE EMPIRE Joseph bar Samuel Tov Elem: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Judah ibn Shabbetai: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE EUROPE Joseph bar Solomon: MARTYRDOM Judah Romano: ITALY Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: Judah the Pious: BAAL SHEM; FOLKTALES; GOLEM; MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; FRANCE: MIDDLE AGES; TOSAFISTS NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIAH); PILGRIMAGE; POETRY, Joseph ben Meir ibn Migash: RESPONSA LITERATURE MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI Joseph ben Simon Kara: FRANCE: MIDDLE AGES ASHKENAZ ∗ Joseph ben Tanh. um Yerushalmi: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM Judith: APOCRYPHA; H. ANUKKAH AND WOMEN; WOMEN, WORLD ANCIENT: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD Joseph ben Uziel: KABBALAH; TARGUM Jusid, Juan Jose:´ FILM: LATIN AMERICA Joseph ha-Kohen: ITALY Justin, Eva: ROMA Joseph ha-Nagid: SAMUEL IBN NAGHRELA HA-NAGID Justin Martyr: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND Joseph ibn Kaspi: ETHICAL WILLS; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: JUDAISM; GNOSTICISM MIDDLE AGES; GERSONIDES Justinian I: BYZANTINE EMPIRE Joseph ibn Tabul: LURIA, ISAAC Kadar, Jan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Joseph ibn Zabara: LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL SPAIN; Kadishman, Menashe: ART, ISRAELI POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE ∗Kafka, Franz: HABSBURG EMPIRE; LITERATURE: CENTRAL Joseph, Jacob: KABBALAH EUROPE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Joseph, Jenny: POETRY: BRITAIN THEATER: BRITAIN Josephson, Erland: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Kahana-Carmon, Amalia: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN ∗Josephus, Flavius: ALEXANDER THE GREAT; ALEXANDRIA, WRITERS, 1882–2010 ANCIENT; ARCHEOLOGY, LAND OF ISRAEL: SECOND Kahane, Arthur: THEATER: EUROPE TEMPLE PERIOD; ART: ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS; Kahanoff, Jacqueline: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I BIBLE; CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISM; Kahn, Annette: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE DEAD SEA SCROLLS; EPIKOROS; ESSENES; HASMONEAN Kahn, Madeline: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS DYNASTY; JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC SOURCES; Kahn, Florence Prag: SAN FRANCISCO; UNITED STATES, JEWISH WAR, FIRST; JOSIPPON, BOOK OF; LITERATURE, WESTERN SCANDINAVIA; MARTYRDOM; MASADA; MENORAH; Kahn, Julius: SAN FRANCISCO PHARISEES; PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA; QUMRAN; Kahn, Sharon: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION RESURRECTION; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE; SAMARITANS; Kahn, Tobi: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 SANHEDRIN; TANNAIM; TRIBES, TEN LOST; WOMEN, Kahn, Zadoc: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; JEWISH ANCIENT: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; ZEALOTS STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH CENTURY); JUDAISM, ∗Joshua: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; REFORM: FRANCE DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; HAZOR; HEBRON; ISRAELITES: Kaledin, Sergei: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE TRIBES; JERICHO; JUDGES, BOOK OF; LACHISH; MOSES; Kalganov, Michael: SPORTS: ISRAEL NUMBERS, BOOK OF; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; RABBINIC Kalish, Isaac: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE ORDINATION; TRIBES, TWELVE Kalisky, Rene:´ THEATER: EUROPE Joshua ben H. ananiah, R.: AVOT; BLESSINGS: BEFORE AND Kalonymus Family: KABBALAH; MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI AFTER MEALS; TANNAIM ASHKENAZ Joshua ben Levi, R.: AMORAIM Kalonymus ben Kalonymus: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES ∗Josiah: BETH EL; BIBLE; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; EZEKIEL, Kaminer, Isaac: HASKALAH BOOK OF; KINGS, BOOKS OF; ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP; Kaminer, Vladimir: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JOSHUA, BOOK OF; MOSES; LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE ZEPHANIAH Kaminska, Ida: THEATER, YIDDISH Joyce, James: LITERATURE: CANADA; POETRY: BRITAIN Kaminsky, Stuart: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Jubal: BIBLE: MUSIC AND DANCE Kanafani, Ghassan: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Judah: CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JUDAH, LITERATURE KINGDOM OF; LEAH; MARRIAGE, LEVIRATE; PROSTITUTES Kanar, Tsvi: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST AND PROSTITUTION: HEBREW BIBLE THROUGH MIDDLE CENTURY AGES; TAMAR (GENESIS 38); TRIBES, TWELVE Kandinsky, Wassily: ART: ISRAEL Judah, R.: AMORAIM; PUMBEDITA; TALMUD, BABYLONIAN Kane, Klondike (Harry Cohen): SPORTS, UNITED STATES: Judah al-H. arizi: IBN EZRA, ABRAHAM; LITERATURE, HEBREW: BASEBALL MEDIEVAL SPAIN; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Kaniuk, Yoram: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; EUROPE; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION

695

INDEX OF NAMES

Kant, Immanuel: AESTHETICS; AUTONOMY AND HETERONOMY; Kazen, Yosef: INTERNET BUBER, MARTIN; COHEN, HERMANN; GOD; KROCHMAL, Kazin, Alfred: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS NACHMAN; MAIMON, SALOMON; THOUGHT, MODERN Keleti, Agnes: SPORTS: ISRAEL Kantor, Tadeusz: THEATER: EUROPE Kellerman, Faye: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Kanovich, Grigory: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, Kellner, Tatana: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART 1967–1989 Kemelman, Harry: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Kaplan, Aryeh: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS Kenan, Amos: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Kaplan, Chaim: HOLOCAUST DIARIES Kenaz, Yehoshua: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION ∗Kaplan, Mordecai M.: BAT MITZVAH; BERKOVITS, ELIEZER; Kennedy, John F.: UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS CUSTOM (MINHAG); GOD; INTERFAITH DIALOGUE: UNITED Keret, Etgar: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION STATES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA RELATIONS; Kern, Jerome: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED JUDAISM, CONSERVATIVE; JUDAISM, STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS RECONSTRUCTIONIST; MENORAH ASSOCIATION; Kerr, Alfred: THEATER: EUROPE THOUGHT, MODERN; UNITED STATES: COMMUNITY Kertesz,´ Imre: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE: CENTER MOVEMENT CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Kaplan, Rose: NURSING: UNITED STATES Keshet, Yehudit Kirstein: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Kaplowitz, Ralph: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Kesselman, Wendy: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Kara, Avigdor: PRAGUE Kessler, Daniel: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Kara, Joseph: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; Kest, Itamar Ya’oz: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW RASHI Kesten, Hilde: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Karavan, Avraham: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE Keturah: ABRAHAM; BIBLE: ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; ARCHITECTURE GENESIS, BOOK OF Kardiner, Abram: ANTHROPOLOGY Keyser, Ephraim: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Kardon, Dennis: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Kharik, Izi: POETRY, YIDDISH Karmel, Ilona: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Kholmyansky, Alexander: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, Karmel-Wolfe, Henia: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE 1967–1989 Karni, Yehuda: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Khuli, Jacob: LITERATURE, LADINO ∗Karo, Joseph: BULGARIA; CORDOVERO, MOSES; HALAKHAH; Kiefer, Anselm: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART ISSERLES, MOSES; LITERATURE, LADINO; OTTOMAN Kierkegaard, Søren: HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; EMPIRE; RABBINIC ORDINATION; SAFED; SHULH. AN ARUKH; LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA; SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B. SPAIN, CHRISTIAN; TURKEY Kift, Roy: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Kashmann, Truda: DANCE: UNITED STATES Kimchi, Alona: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION ∗ Kashua, Sayed: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Kimh. i, David: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO LITERATURE 1800; CHRISTIAN HEBRAISM; EZEKIEL, BOOK OF; Kass, Deborah: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; PLATE 20 GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS; KIMH. I FAMILY; Kassovitz, Peter: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM PRINTING ∗ Kastner, Israel: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Kimh. i, Joseph: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; KIMH. I PARAMILITARY BODIES FAMILY; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; MIDDLE Kastner, Rudolf: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN POLEMICS ∗ Katchor, Ben: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Kimh. i, Moses: KIMH. I FAMILY POPULAR FICTION King, Alan: FILM: UNITED STATES Katin, Miriam: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS King, Dolly: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Kattan, Naim: LITERATURE: CANADA King, Martin Luther, Jr.: HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; UNITED Katz, Alex: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Katz, Reuven: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES King, Phil: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Katz, Shmulik: ISRAEL, STATE OF: KIBBUTZ MOVEMENT King, Ruchama: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Katz, Jacob: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN NORTH AMERICA) Katzenellenbogen, Phineas: FAMILY AND MARRIAGE: EARLY Kingsley, Sidney: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS MODERN PERIOD Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara: ANTHROPOLOGY Katzir, Yehudit: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Kirstein, Lincoln: DANCE: UNITED STATES 1882–2010 Kishon, Ephraim: FILM: ISRAEL Katznelson, Berl: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Kissinger, Henry: UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Katzenelson, Itzhak: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Kister, Menahem: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN Kaufman, George S.: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, Kitaj, R. B.: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS REPRESENTATION: ART Kaufman, Irving: ENTERTAINMENT Klasmer, Gabi: ART, ISRAELI Kaufman, Judah: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Klatzkin, Jakob: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Kaufman, Moises:´ THEATER: UNITED STATES Klausner, Joseph: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Kaufman, Shirley: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Klee, Paul: ART: ISRAEL; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Kaufmann, Isidor: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY; Klein, A. M.: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE: CANADA PLATE 12 Klein, Georg: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Kaufmann, Ezekiel: THOUGHT, MODERN Klein, William: PHOTOGRAPHY Kaye, Danny: FILM: UNITED STATES Kleinstein, Rami: MUSIC, POPULAR Kaye, Nora: DANCE: UNITED STATES Klemperer, Victor: BERLIN; HOLOCAUST DIARIES Kayserling, Meyer: COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER Klepﬁsz, Irena: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE: Kazakov, Yaakov: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); 1967–1989 LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; Kazan, Elia: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM POETRY: UNITED STATES

696

INDEX OF NAMES

Klepper, Jeffrey: MUSIC, POPULAR Kubert, Joe: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Klimt, Gustav: HOLOCAUST REPARATIONS AND RESTITUTION; POPULAR FICTION HOLOCAUST TRIALS Kufeld, Jack (Yankel): ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE Kline, Herbert: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM 1940 Klionsky, Marc: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Kulbak, Moyshe: POETRY, YIDDISH; THEATER, YIDDISH Klopstock, Frederick: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Kumin, Maxine: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Knoblauch, Dieter: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY NORTH AMERICA) Kobrin, Leon: THEATER, YIDDISH Kun, Bela:´ COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Kohler, Kaufmann: CHICAGO; CHOSENNESS; THOUGHT, Kunitz, Stanley: POETRY: UNITED STATES MODERN Kupferman, Moshe: ART, ISRAELI Kohner, Hanna Bloch: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Kuranda, Ignaz: HABSBURG EMPIRE TELEVISION Kurtzer, Sophie: MUSIC, POPULAR Kohut, Alexander: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Kurtzman, Harvey: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Koidonover, Aaron Samuel ben Israel (Maharshak): FRANKFURT Kushner, Lawrence: GOD; JUDAISM: JEWISH RENEWAL AM MAIN MOVEMENT Koidonover, Zvi Hirsch: FRANKFURT AM MAIN Kushner, Tony: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Kolben, Amir: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Kollek, Teddy: JERUSALEM: SINCE 1967 Kutner, Itshak: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Kolton, Batia: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Kuznetsov, Edward: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, POPULAR FICTION 1967–1989 Kompert, Leopold: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Kvitko, Leyb: JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; POETRY, Koner, Pauline: DANCE: UNITED STATES YIDDISH ∗Kook, Abraham Isaac ha-Kohen: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: Kwartin, Zavel: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS MODERN ORTHODOX; MESSIANISM: MODERN Laban: ARAMAIC; BIBLE: LANGUAGES; JACOB; LEAH; APPROACHES; SPORTS: ISRAEL MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; RACHEL Kook, Tsevi Yehudah: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; Laban, Rudolph von: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL KOOK, ABRAHAM ISAAC; MESSIANISM: MODERN Laemmle, Carl: FILM: UNITED STATES APPROACHES Lagnado, Lucette: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Kopman, Benjamin: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Lambeau, Earl “Curly”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Kops, Bernard: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA; Lambert, L. M.: ZIONISM: FRANCE LITERATURE: BRITAIN; POETRY: BRITAIN; THEATER: Lamdan, Isaac: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948; BRITAIN POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD; POETRY, MODERN Korah: INCENSE HEBREW Korczak, Janusz: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Lamm, Norman: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: MODERN ORTHODOX; Korn, Rachel: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST YESHIVA UNIVERSITY CENTURY Lampe, Alfred: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Kornfeld, Paul: THEATER: EUROPE Land, Ronit: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Kortner, Fritz: THEATER: EUROPE Landau, Ezekiel: HABSBURG EMPIRE; PRAGUE Kosinski, Jerzy: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Landau, Jacob: PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Koskas, Marcos: LITERATURE: FRANCE LANGUAGE) Koster, Serge: LITERATURE: FRANCE Landauer, Fritz: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Kotik, Yekhezkel: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH Landauer, Gustav: BUBER, MARTIN Koufax, Sandy: CELEBRITIES; SPORTS, UNITED STATES: Landman, Isaac: ENCYCLOPEDIAS BASEBALL Landoy, Zisha: POETRY, YIDDISH Koussevitzky, Moshe: CANTOR, CANTORATE: CONTEMPORARY Landy, Rae: NURSING: UNITED STATES Kovner, Abba: HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE; POETRY, MODERN Lang, Berel: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY HEBREW; VILNA Lang, Pearl: DANCE: UNITED STATES Kovner, Avraham Uri: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: Lange, Friedrich Albert: COHEN, HERMANN HASKALAH Langer, Lawrence: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY; Kozer, Jose:´ LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Kracauer, Siegfried: BENJAMIN, WALTER Langfus, Anna: LITERATURE: FRANCE Kramer, Lotte: POETRY: BRITAIN Lann, Staffan: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Kramer, Stanley: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Lanzmann, Claude: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Kranz, Jacob: SERMONS HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Krasa,´ Hans: HOLOCAUST: GHETTOS Laor, Isaac: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Krasner, Lee: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; PLATE 17 Lapid, Shulamit: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Kraus, Gertrud: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL 1882–2010 Kraus, Karl: HABSBURG EMPIRE; THEATER: EUROPE Lappin, Elena: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Kreisel, Henry: LITERATURE: CANADA Lapson, Dvora: DANCE: UNITED STATES Kreitman, Esther Singer: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: L’Arrogne, Adolph: THEATER: EUROPE YIDDISH Larrson, Zenia: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Krich, Rochelle: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION ∗Lasker-Schuler,¨ Else: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; ∗Krochmal, Nachman: GALICIA; HABSBURG EMPIRE; THEATER: EUROPE HASKALAH; LEVINSOHN, ISAAC BAER; LITERATURE, Lasky, Jesse: FILM: UNITED STATES HEBREW: HASKALAH; THOUGHT, MODERN; ZUNZ, Lateiner, Joseph: THEATER, YIDDISH LEOPOLD Latte, Haim: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Kruk, Herman: HOLOCAUST DIARIES Lavater, Caspar: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES Kruger, Barbara: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Lavrov, Piotr: AH. AD HA-AM

697

INDEX OF NAMES

Lawson, John Howard: THEATER, UNITED STATES: Levi,´ Sylvain: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH PLAYWRIGHTS CENTURY); ZIONISM: FRANCE Layton, Irving: LITERATURE: CANADA Levi, Tikva: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Lazare, Bernard: DREYFUS AFFAIR; FRANCE: 1789–1939; Levi-Agron, Hassia: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL LITERATURE: FRANCE Levi-Strauss,´ Claude: ANTHROPOLOGY Lazar, Moshe: LITERATURE, LADINO Levin, Dania: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Lazarov, Lydia: SPORTS: ISRAEL Levin, Hanoch: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Lazarus, Emma: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Levin, Meyer: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM NORTH AMERICA); POETRY: UNITED STATES Levin, Mona: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Lazarus, Jacob Hart: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Levin, Robert: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Lazarus, Moritz: COHEN, HERMANN ∗Levinas, Emmanuel: DREYFUS AFFAIR; ETHICS, RABBINIC; Lazewnik, Libby: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION GOD; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; JUDAISM; ∗Leah: DINAH; ETHICS, SEXUAL; INFERTILITY; ISRAELITES: MESSIANISM: MODERN APPROACHES; THOUGHT, MODERN; TRIBES; JACOB; MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; RACHEL; TRIBES, Levine, Jack: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; HOLOCAUST TWELVE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS REPRESENTATION: ART Lebensohn, Adam Hacohen: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Levine, Jonathan D.: PRAYER BOOKS: UNITED STATES Lebensohn, Michah Yosef: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Levine, Judah Leib: HASKALAH ∗Leeser, Isaac: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS; Levine, Norman: LITERATURE: CANADA PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH LANGUAGE); Levine, Myra: NURSING: UNITED STATES PHILADELPHIA ∗Levinsohn, Isaac Baer: HASKALAH; RUSSIA; THOUGHT, Leﬁn, Mendel: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 MODERN TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Levinthal, Helen: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN Leftwich, Joseph: POETRY: BRITISH Levinthal, Bernard: PHILADELPHIA Lehman, Ernest: FILM: UNITED STATES Levita, Elijah Bokher: CHRISTAIN HEBRAISM; LITERATURE, Lehmann, Marcus: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 Leibowitz, Isaiah: ENCYCLOPEDIAS TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Leibowitz, Yeshayahu: EVIL AND SUFFERING; ISRAEL, STATE OF: Levy, Amy: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN; PEACE MOVEMENT; THOUGHT, MODERN LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS Leigh, Mike: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; THEATER: BRITAIN (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); POETRY: BRITAIN Leighton, Cristian: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Levy,´ Clara: LITERATURE: FRANCE Lein, Yevgeny: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, Levy, Clifton Harby: JEWISH SCIENCE 1967–1989 Levy, Dani: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) Leivick, H.: THEATER, YIDDISH Levy, Isaac: PHILADELPHIA Lejtes, Josef: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Levy, Marv: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Lelouch, Claude: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Levy,´ Michel and Calmann: FRANCE: 1789–1939 Lemel, Yosef: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Levy, Nathan: PHILADELPHIA Lemkin, Raphael: HUMAN RIGHTS Levy-Bruhl,´ Lucien: ANTHROPOLOGY; JEWISH STUDIES: Lemlein, Asher of Ruetlingen: MESSIANISM: EARLY MODERN FRANCE (NINETEENTH CENTURY) Lempel, Blume: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Lewald, Fanny: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND CENTURY NORTH AMERICA) Lenin, Vladimir: EHRENBURG, ILYA; SOVIET UNION; TROTSKY, Lewandowski, Louis: CANTOR, CANTORATE: HISTORICAL LEON DEVELOPMENT; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS; MUSIC, SYNAGOGUE Lensky, Haim: SAINT PETERSBURG Lewis, Jerry: FILM: UNITED STATES Lerner, Alan Jay: THEATER: UNITED STATES Lewisohn, Alice: DANCE: UNITED STATES Lerner, Michael: JUDAISM: JEWISH RENEWAL MOVEMENT Lewisohn, Irene: DANCE: UNITED STATES Lerner, Yoysef-Yude: THEATER, YIDDISH Lewisohn, Ludwig: LITERATURE: CANADA; LITERATURE: Leshem, Ron: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) Lesin, Ya’akov: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Lewitsky, Bella: DANCE: UNITED STATES Lessing, Gotthold: AESTHETICS; MENDELSSOHN, MOSES LeWitt, Sol: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Letteris, Meir Halevi: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH MEMORIALS Levanda, Lev: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Leyb, Mani: POETRY, YIDDISH RUSSIAN) Leyb-Halpern, Moyshe: POETRY: UNITED STATES; POETRY, Levertin, Oscar: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA YIDDISH Levi: CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; DINAH; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; Leyeles, A.: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST LEAH; JOB: RABBINIC TRADITIONS; LEVITICUS, BOOK OF; CENTURY; POETRY, YIDDISH MOSES; NUMBERS, BOOK OF; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; Leyvik, H.: POETRY, YIDDISH TABERNACLE; TEMPLE AND TEMPLE CULT; TRIBES, Liberman, Aaron: HASKALAH TWELVE; WORSHIP Libeskind, Daniel: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Levi ben Abraham ben H. ayyim: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE Libicki, Miriam: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS AGES Libin, Zalmen: THEATER, YIDDISH ∗Levi ben Gerson: See Gersonides Lichtenberg, Bernhard: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Levi Isaac of Zelech˙ ow:´ H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Lichtenstein, Bernard: FASHION Levi,´ Israel:¨ JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH Lichtenstein, Morris: JEWISH SCIENCE CENTURY); JUDAISM, REFORM: FRANCE Lichtenstein, Rachel: LITERATURE: BRITAIN ∗Levi, Primo: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Lichtenstein, Roy: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Lichtenstein, Tehilla: JEWISH SCIENCE DRAMA; LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Lieb, Charles: JUDAISM, RECONSTRUCTIONIST

698

INDEX OF NAMES

Lieben, Salomon Hugo: PRAGUE Loewenberg, Nathaniel: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE Lieberman, Edith and Harold: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: 1940 DRAMA London, Meyer: UNITED STATES: LABOR MOVEMENT; UNITED Lieberman, Joseph: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT Lieberman, Saul: JUDAISM, CONSERVATIVE; TALMUD STUDY: Londres, Albert: FILM: LATIN AMERICA MODERN APPROACHES; TOSEFTA Longhena, Baldassare: SYNAGOGUES, EUROPE: MEDIEVAL TO Liebermann, Max: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY; EIGHTEENTH CENTURY BERLIN; LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Lopez, Aaron: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – JEWISH Liebmann, Esther Schulhoff Aaron: COURT JEWS; WOMEN: RELATIONS EARLY MODERN EUROPE Losey, Joseph: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Liebmann, Jost (Judah Berlin): COURT JEWS; WOMEN: EARLY Lot: ABRAHAM; AMMON; BIBLE: ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; MODERN EUROPE GENESIS, BOOK OF; MOAB Liebowitz, Annie: PHOTOGRAPHY Louis, Morris: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Leibovitz, Karen: SPORTS: ISRAEL REPRESENTATION: ART Liebrecht, Savyon: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Low, Seth: UNITED STATES: HIGHER EDUCATION LITERATURE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Lowth, Robert: BIBLE: POETRY 1882–2010; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Loy, Mina: POETRY: UNITED STATES Liepmann, Heinz: THEATER: EUROPE Lozowick, Louis: ART: ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS Lifshits, Y. M.: YIDDISH DICTIONARIES Lubin, Arieh: ART, ISRAELI Likht, Mikhl: POETRY: UNITED STATES; POETRY, YIDDISH Lubin, Sigmund: FILM: UNITED STATES Lilien, Ephraim Moses: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Lubitsch, Ernst: FILM: UNITED STATES ART: ISRAEL; LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; PLATE 21 Luckman, Sid: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Lilienblum, Moses Leib: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: Ludwig, Jack: LITERATURE: CANADA HASKALAH; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; Lukacs,´ Georg: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE THOUGHT, MODERN Luke: SAMARITANS ∗Lilienthal, Max Lumbroso, Joseph: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA ∗Lilith: ALPHABET BEN SIRA; SAMAEL; SEFIROT; SHEKHINAH Lumet, Sidney: FILM: UNITED STATES; HOLOCAUST Limberg, Joanne: POETRY: BRITAIN REPRESENTATION: FILM Lin, Hilla Lu-Lu: ART, ISRAELI Lunel, Armand: LITERATURE: FRANCE Lincoln, Abraham: ART, AMERICAN: TO 1940; UNITED STATES: ∗Luria, Isaac: BREAKING OF THE VESSELS; CORDOVERO, CIVIL WAR; UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; MOSES; DYBBUK; FOLKTALES; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS KABBALAH; KABBALAH, LURIANIC; MESSIANISM: EARLY Lind, Jacov: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION MODERN; SAFED; NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA); THEOLOGY; Lindheim, Irma Levy: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN TURKEY; TZIMTZUM; WORSHIP Lion, Eugene: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Luria, Solomon: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Lipchitz, Jacques: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Lusitanus, Amatus: MEDICINE HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART; PLATE 15 Lustig, Arnost:ˇ HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Lipkin, Semyon: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Luther, Martin: CONVERSION: EARLY MODERN PERIOD; RUSSIAN); LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE GERMANY; PRINTING; REFORMATION Lippmann, Walter: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Lutski, Simh. ah Isaac: KARAISM LANGUAGE) Lutz, Carl and Gertrud: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Lipschits, Oded: ARCHEOLOGY, LAND OF ISRAEL: SECOND Luxemberg, Rosa: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE ∗ TEMPLE PERIOD Luzzatto, Moses H. ayyim: KABBALAH; MUSAR MOVEMENT Lipstadt, Deborah: HOLOCAUST DENIAL; HOLOCAUST ∗Luzzatto, Samuel David: HASKALAH; ISAIAH, BOOK OF; TRIALS LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Lipton, Julius: POETRY: BRITAIN Luzzatto, Simone: ITALY Lipton, Seymour: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Lyell, Charles: BIBLE: MODERN SCHOLARSHIP Lispector, Clarice: FILM: LATIN AMERICA; LATIN AMERICA; Lynn, Henry: FILM: YIDDISH – LANGUAGE LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Lysimachus: SELEUCIDS Liss, David: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Maacah: TAMAR (2 SAMUEL); WOMEN, ANCIENT: Lissitzky, El: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; ART: ISRAELITE ILLUSTRATED YIDDISH BOOKS; RUSSIA; PLATE 13 ∗Maccabee, Eleazer, John, Jonathan, Simon: HASMONEAN Littauer, Lucius: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL DYNASTY; MACCABEES, BOOKS OF ∗ Littauer, Nathan: FASHION Maccabee, Judah: H. ANUKKAH; HASMONEAN DYNASTY; Littell, Jonathan: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION MACCABEES, BOOKS OF; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE Litvinoff, Emanuel: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; POETRY: Machir: TRIBES, TWELVE BRITAIN Madsen, Kenneth: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Litwack, Harry: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Madison, James: UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Livneh, Yitzhak: ART, ISRAELI ∗Magnes, Judah L.: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; BUBER, Llosa, Mario Vargas: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA MARTIN; ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Loeb, Isidore: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH Magnin, Edgar: UNITED STATES, WESTERN CENTURY) Mahlah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Loesser, Frank: THEATER: UNITED STATES Mahler, Gustav: HABSBURG EMPIRE; VIENNA ∗Loew, Judah ben Bezalel (Maharal): EDUCATION OF BOYS: Mahr, Eric: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION ∗ MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN; GOLEM; HABSBURG Maimon, Salomon: CRESCAS, H. ASDAI BEN ABRAHAM; DOV EMPIRE; PRAGUE; THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN BER OF MIE¸ DZYRZECZ; FAMILY AND MARRIAGE: EARLY Loew, Marcus: FILM: UNITED STATES MODERN PERIOD; KROCHMAL, NACHMAN; MEMOIR AND Loewe, Frederick: THEATER: UNITED STATES LIFE WRITING: HEBREW

699

INDEX OF NAMES

∗Maimonides, Moses: ABORTION; ABRAHAM BEN DAVID OF Marcuse, Herbert: FRANKFURT AM MAIN POSQUIERES;` ABULAFIA, ABRAHAM; ASTROLOGY; BARAITA Margaritha, Anthonius: CONVERSION: EARLY MODERN DE-NIDDAH; CHOSENNESS; DINA DEMALKHUTA DINA; PERIOD ECOLOGY; EDUCATION, GIRLS: MEDIEVAL AND EARLY Margolin, Anna: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST MODERN; EGYPT: MIDDLE AGES; EVIL AND SUFFERING; CENTURY; POETRY, YIDDISH FOLKTALES; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; Margolin, Eliezer: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND GERSONIDES; HASKALAH; HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; PARAMILITARY BODIES ISLAM AND JUDAISM; JONAH BEN ABRAHAM GERONDI; Margolin, Yaron: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL JUDEO-ARABIC; KABBALAH; KARO, JOSEPH; KIMH. I Margolis, Max: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS FAMILY; KOOK, RABBI ABRAHAM ISAAC; KROCHMAL, Margulies, Donald: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, NACHMAN; LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH;LOVE; UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS MARTYRDOM; MEDICINE; MEIR BEN BARUKH OF Mariamne: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; HEROD AND HERODIAN ROTHENBURG; MESSIANISM: MODERN APPROACHES; DYNASTY MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ; MISHNEH TORAH; Markbreit, Jerry: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL MOSES DE LEON; MYSTICISM: ANCIENT; NAH. MANIDES; Markel-Mosessohn, Miriam: HASKALAH;WOMEN,MODERN: NORTH AFRICA; PHILANTHROPY; PRINTING; REASON; EASTERN EUROPE REDEMPTION; RESPONSA LITERATURE; REVELATION; Markish, Peretz: JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; SAADIA BEN JOSEPH GAON; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN RUSSIAN); MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD; SHEKHINAH; POETRY, YIDDISH SPAIN, CHRISTIAN; SPAIN, MUSLIM; SPINOZA, BARUCH; Markish, Simon: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN STRAUSS, LEO; TEFILLIN; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, RUSSIAN) MEDIEVAL; TOSEFTA; WOMEN: MIDDLE AGES; Markman, Hillel: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL YEMEN Marks, Victoria: DANCE: UNITED STATES Maimonides, Abraham: EGYPT: MIDDLE AGES; NAGID Marr, Wilhelm: ANTISEMITISM Maimonides, David, Joshua, and David ben Joshua: EGYPT: Marshall, Barak: DANCE: UNITED STATES MIDDLE AGES Marshall, Hezekiah: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Majzels, Robert: LITERATURE: CANADA Marshall, Jack: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I ∗Malachi: DIVORCE: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT; ISLAM AND ∗Marshall, Louis JUDAISM Martini, Raymond: CHRISTIAN HEBRAISM Malamud, Bernard: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; LITERATURE, Marx, Alexander: JUDAISM, CONSERVATIVE YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; LITERATURE: Marx, Chico, Groucho and Harpo: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; POPULAR FICTION; LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE FILM: UNITED STATES; RADIO: UNITED STATES; THEATER: 1900) UNITED STATES Malevich, Kasimir: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY ∗Marx, Karl: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE; LITERATURE, Malina, Judith: THEATER: UNITED STATES CENTRAL EUROPE; SECULARISM Malle, Louis: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Maryan, Maryan S.: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Mamet, David: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Mash’allah: ASTROLOGY; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD Manasseh: CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK Maslow, Sophie: DANCE: UNITED STATES OF; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JACOB; JOSEPH; Mason, Jackie: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; FILM: UNITED PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; SAMARIA; TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, STATES TWELVE Mason, Frances: TRIBES, TEN LOST Manasseh, King of Judah: GARDENS; HABAKKUK, BOOK OF; Massary, Fritzi: THEATER: EUROPE ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP Matalon, Ronit: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Manasseh of Rome: PRINTING 1882–2010; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Mandel, Arnold: LITERATURE: FRANCE Match, Pinky: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Mandel, Eli: LITERATURE: CANADA Mauss, Marcel: ANTHROPOLOGY Mande’lstam, Osip: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION Mauthner, Fritz: BUBER, MARTIN (IN RUSSIAN); RUSSIA Maw, Nicholas: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Manessier, Alfred: ART, ISRAELI May, Elaine: ENTERTAINMENT Manger, Itzik: POETRY, YIDDISH Mayakovsky, Vladimir: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET Manin, Daniele: VENICE UNION (IN RUSSIAN) Mankowitz, Wolf: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Maybaum, Ignaz: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Mann, Emily: THEATER: UNITED STATES Mayer, Edward: FASHION Mann, Theodore R.: ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA RELATIONS Mayer, Erskin: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Mannheimer, Isaac Noah: HABSBURG EMPIRE Mayer, Gerda: POETRY: BRITAIN Mannings, Muriel: DANCE: UNITED STATES Mayer, Louis B.: FILM: UNITED STATES Manoach, Hillel: ROMANIA Mayer, Nathan: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Manoah. of Narbonne: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES Mayne, Seymour: LITERATURE: CANADA Manor, Ehud: MUSIC, POPULAR Mazursky, Paul: FILM: UNITED STATES Mansdorf, Amos: SPORTS: ISRAEL Mead, Margaret: ANTHROPOLOGY Maor, Haim: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Mechanicus, Philip: HOLOCAUST DIARIES Mapu, Abraham: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; THOUGHT, Medici, Cosimo: ABRAVANEL FAMILY MODERN; RUSSIA Meehan, Thomas: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Marber, Patrick: THEATER: BRITAIN Meerapfel, Jeanine: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Marcena, Rabbanit: PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL Megged, Aharon: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Marconi, Gugliemo: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; LITERATURE, Marconi, Leandro: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948

700

INDEX OF NAMES

Meidner, Ludwig: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Menelik: ETHIOPIA; QUEEN OF SHEBA HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Mengele, Josef: AUSCHWITZ; HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND Meilhac, Henri: THEATER: EUROPE KILLING CENTERS; LATIN AMERICA; ROMA Meinecke, Friedrich: ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ Menkin, Sarah Foner: HASKALAH Meir, R.: BERURIAH; MISHNAH; TANNAIM Merab: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Meir ben Samuel: TOSAFISTS Merneptah: BIBLE: MODERN SCHOLARSHIP Meir of Norbonne: MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN Meromi, Ohad: ART, ISRAELI POLEMICS Mesha: BIBLE: MODERN SCHOLARSHIP; MOAB Meir of Opatow/Stopnica:´ H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Meshullam bar Kalonymos: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN ∗Meir ben Barukh of Rothenburg (Maharam): ADULTERY; EUROPE DIVORCE: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT; ELDAD HA-DANI; Meshullam ben Jacob: ABRAHAM BEN DAVID OF POSQUIERES;` MARTYRDOM; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES RESPONSA LITERATURE; TOSAFISTS; WOMEN: MIDDLE Meshullam ben Moses: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES AGES Meshullam of Volterra: TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND Meir ben Elias: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE EARLY MODERN PERIOD Meir ben Simon: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES Mestrovic, Ivan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART ∗Meir, Golda: BEN-GURION, DAVID; ISRAEL, STATE OF: ∗Metatron: MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT AND MERKAVAH POLITICAL PARTIES; JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; LITERATURE MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; RABIN, YITZHAK Meyer, Jules: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 Meir of Norwich: ENGLAND: MIDDLE AGES Meyer, Marshall: ARGENTINA Meisel, Nachman: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Meyer, Max: FASHION Melammed, Siman Tov: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND Meyer-Bernstein, Gerda: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART LITERATURE Meyerovitsh, Dovid: THEATER, YIDDISH Melchizedek: JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC SOURCES; Meyerowitz, William: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; ART, RESURRECTION AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Melguerri, Solomon: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Meyerson, Morris: MEIR, GOLDA Melikhov, Alexandr: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE ∗Micah: TEMPLE AND TEMPLE CULT Melito of Sardis: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND Michael: ESCHATOLOGY: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD JUDAISM Michael, Sami: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Melitzer, Samuel: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL LITERATURE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Memmi, Albert: LITERATURE: FRANCE; MEMOIR AND LIFE Michaeli, Katia: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL WRITING: MIZRAH. I Michaels, Anne: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Menahem: ASSYRIA; ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY; LITERATURE: CANADA; Menah. em ben (ibn) Saruk: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AGES TO 1800; DUNASH BEN LABRAT; GRAMMARIANS AND AMERICA) LEXICOGRAPHERS ∗Micah: PROPHETS (NEVI’IM); PROPHETS AND PROPHECY Menah. em Ha-Meiri: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES Micaiah ben Imlah: BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY Menachem Mendel of Kotzk: HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA Michal: DAVID; LOVE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; ZALMAN, REPRESENTATIONS SCHNEUR BEN BARUCH Midler, Bette: FILM: UNITED STATES Menasse, Robert: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; LITERATURE: Mielziner, Jo: THEATER: UNITED STATES CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Mieses, Yehuda: GALICIA ∗Menasseh ben Israel: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN; Mignona, Eduardo: FILM: LATIN AMERICA CHRISTIAN HEBRAISM; MENDELSSOHN, MOSES; Mihaileanu, Radu: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM MESSIANISM: EARLY MODERN; PRINTING; REFORMATION Mikhoels, Solomon: BOLSHEVISM: RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND Mendele Mokher Seforim (Sholem Jacob Abramovich): HEBREW: SOVIET UNION; FILM: YIDDISH- LANGUAGE; JEWISH MODERN REVIVAL; LITERATURE: CANADA; LITERATURE, ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; THEATER, YIDDISH HEBREW: HASKALAH; LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION; Milcah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; Milgrim, Sally: FASHION MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; RUSSIA; SHTETL; Mill, John Stuart: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA THEATER, YIDDISH Millaud, Mo¨ıse Polydore: FRANCE: 1789–1939 Mendelsohn, Eric: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Miller, Alice: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY ROLES OF WOMEN Mendelssohn, Abraham, Chaim, Joseph, Mendel, Nathan, Recha, Miller, Arthur: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Sisa, Yente: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Mendelssohn, Dorothea (Brendel): See SCHLEGEL, DOROTHEA Miller, Lee: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART VEIT VON Miller, Louis: JOURNALISM, YIDDISH: NORTH AMERICA ∗Mendelssohn, Moses: AESTHETICS; BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: Miller, Risa: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND NORTH AMERICA) TRANSLATORS; FRIEDLANDER,¨ DAVID; GERMANY; GOD; Miller, Zvi: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE HASKALAH; KROCHMAL, NACHMAN; LITERATURE: Miloh, Joseph: FILM: ISRAEL CENTRAL EUROPE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; Milosz, Czeslaw: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; Milstein, Uri: ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF THE MODERN MAIMON, SALOMON; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, MODERN STATE; ISRAEL, STATE OF: WARS (1948) Mendes,` Catulle: THEATER: EUROPE Minc, Hilary: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Mendes, Henry Pereira: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Minkov, N. B.: POETRY, YIDDISH ∗Mendes-Nasi Family: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE; Minkowski, Mauryey: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY WOMEN: MIDDLE AGES Mirandola, Pico della: ABULAFIA, ABRAHAM; KABBALAH; Menelaus: TOBIADS NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA)

701

INDEX OF NAMES

∗Miriam: AARON; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; EGYPT Mortara, Salomone and Marianna Padovani: MORTARA AFFAIR AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; ISRAELITES: RELIGION; MOSES; Moscato, Judah: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN, ANCIENT: Mosco, Maisie: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS ∗Moses: AARON; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; AVOT; AVOT DE RABBI Miriam, Rivkah: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN’S WRITING, NATAN; BALAAM; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; 1882–2010 BLESSINGS: BEFORE AND AFTER MEALS; CANAAN, Mirvis, Tova: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION CANAANITES; COURTS; DAVID: POST-BIBLICAL Mises, Judah Leib: HASKALAH TRADITIONS; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; EDOM; EGYPT Mish’al, Khalid: ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; ETHICS, RABBINIC; EXODUS, BOOK 1948 – 2010 OF; GENESIS, BOOK OF; GOD; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; Mishkowsky, Zelda Shneurson: See Zelda ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JETHRO; JOB: RABBINIC Misrach, Richard: PHOTOGRAPHY TRADITIONS; JOSHUA, BOOK OF; KABBALAH; LAW: Mitrani, Michel: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM ANCIENT NEAR AND HEBREW BIBLE; LITERATURE: Mizrachi, Limor: SPORTS: ISRAEL SCANDINAVIA; LUZZATTO, MOSES H. AYYIM; MAGIC; Mizrachi, Motti: ART, ISRAELI MAIMONIDES; MIRIAM; NUMBERS, BOOK OF; PASSOVER; Mizrahi, Moshe:´ FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA; PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; Mizrahi, Osnat: PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; PSYCHOANALYSIS; PTOLEMIES; Mnouchkine, Arianna: THEATER: EUROPE RABBINIC HERMENEUTICS; RABBINIC ORDINATION; Modan, Rutu: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: RESURRECTION; REVELATION; SPINOZA, BARUCH; POPULAR FICTION TABERNACLE; TEMPLE AND TEMPLE CULT; TEN Modell, Art: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL COMMANDMENTS; TRIBES, TWELVE; WORSHIP; ZOHAR Modena, Fioretta (Bat Sheva): WOMEN: EARLY MODERN Moses ben Eliezer: MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ EUROPE Moses ben Maimon: See Maimonides, Moses ∗ Modena, Leon: CHRISTIAN HEBRAISM; FAMILY AND Moses ben Nah. man: See Nah. manides, Moses MARRIAGE: EARLY MODERN PERIOD; ITALY; MUSIC, Moses ben Solomon: MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS; SECULARISM; SULAM, SARRA COPIA; POLEMICS THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN; VENICE; WOMEN: EARLY ∗Moses de Leon: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO MODERN EUROPE 1800; KABBALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: MEDIEVAL Modiani, Patrick: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; SPAIN; ZOHAR LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; LITERATURE: Moses of Coucy: EDUCATION, GIRLS: MEDIEVAL AND EARLY FRANCE MODERN; MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ; TOSAFISTS Modigliani, Amadeo: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Moses of Evreux: MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ Moellin, Jacob ben Moses (Maharil): EDUCATION, GIRLS: Moses of London: ENGLAND: MIDDLE AGES MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN; HIGH HOLIDAYS Moses Narboni: GERSONIDES Mogulesco, Zelig: THEATER: EUROPE Moses, Alfred Geiger: JEWISH SCIENCE Mo¨ıse, Penina: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Moshe, Haim: MUSIC, POPULAR NORTH AMERICA) Moshenson, Ilan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Mo¨ıse, Theodore Sidney: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE Mosler, Henry: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 1940 Mosley, Oswald: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN Mokady, Moshe: ART, ISRAELI Moss, Celia and Marion: WOMEN, MODERN: BRITAIN AND Molkho, Solomon: KARO, JOSEPH; MESSIANISM: EARLY NORTH AMERICA MODERN Mossanen, Dora Levy: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Molnar,´ Ferenc: THEATER: EUROPE Most, Johnny: SPORTSCASTERS Molodowsky, Kadya: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE, Most, Johann: SPORTSCASTERS YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; POETRY, Mostel, Zero: FILM: UNITED STATES YIDDISH Muenster, Sebastian: KIMH. I FAMILY Monis, Judah: JEWISH STUDIES Mulisch, Harry: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Monk, Meredith: DANCE: UNITED STATES Mumford, Lewis: MENORAH ASSOCIATION Montagu, Lily: WOMEN, MODERN: BRITAIN AND NORTH Muni, Paul: ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: UNITED STATES; AMERICA THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS; Monteﬁore, Claude: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN Muniz-Huberman,˜ Angelina: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA ∗Monteﬁore, Moses Haim and Judith Barent Cohen: BANKING Munk, Salomon: FRANCE: 1789–1939; JEWISH STUDIES: AND BANKING HOUSES; BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND FRANCE (NINETEENTH CENTURY) MODERN; DAMASCUS AFFAIR; RUSSIA Murrow, Edward R.: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Moore, Henry: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Music, Zoran: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Moos, Herman: MORTARA AFFAIR Myer, Charles Solomon “Buddy”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: Morais, Sabato: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY; BASEBALL PHILADELPHIA Myerhoff, Barbara: ANTHROPOLOGY Mordecai: ESTHER, BOOK OF; FIVE SCROLLS; PURIM Myers, Myer: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Mordecai of Chernobyl: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Myerson, Bess: CELEBRITIES Morin, Jean: CHRISTAIN HEBRAISM Naamah: BIBLE: MUSIC AND DANCE; REHOBOAM Moring,¨ Marcel: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Na’aman, Michal: ART, ISRAELI Morpurgo, Lucia: LEVI, PRIMO Nabonidus: BABYLONIAN EXILE Morris, Benny: ISRAEL, STATE OF: WARS (1948) Naboth: AHAB Morris, Robert: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Nabal: DAVID Morse, Samuel F. B.: PHOTOGRAPHY Nadav, Rachel: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Mortara, Edgar: MORTARA AFFAIR; PERIODICALS: UNITED Nagrin, Daniel: DANCE: UNITED STATES STATES (ENGLISH LANGUAGE) Nagy, Bela: THEATER: EUROPE

702

INDEX OF NAMES

Naharin, Ohad: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Netter, Charles: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH Nah. man, R.: HEAD COVERING: MEN CENTURY) ∗ Nah. man ben Simh. aofBratslav:H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; Neuda, Fanny: PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL KABBALAH Neumark, Martha: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN ∗ Nah. manides, Moses: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES Neusner, Jacob: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; MISHNAH; TOSEFTA TO 1800; DEVEKUT; EDUCATION, BOYS: MEDIEVAL AND Neustein, Joshua: ART, ISRAELI EARLY MODERN; ETHICAL WILLS; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: Newhouse, Samuel I.: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH MIDDLE AGES; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; KABBALAH; LANGUAGE) KROCHMAL, NACHMAN; MESSIANISM: MODERN Newman, Arnold: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; APPROACHES; MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN PHOTOGRAPHY POLEMICS; PILGRIMAGE; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Newman, Barnett: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST EUROPE; RESPONSA LITERATURE; SAMAEL; SPAIN, REPRESENTATION: ART CHRISTIAN; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL; TOSAFISTS Newman, Bernard: FASHION Nahai, Gina: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Newman, Paul: FILM: UNITED STATES NORTH AMERICA); MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Newman, Pauline: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT Naismith, James: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Nichols, Mike: ENTERTAINMENT Najara, Israel: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD; Nicolai, Friedrich: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES SAFED Nicholas of Lyra: CHRISTAIN HEBRAISM Naomi: ANOINTMENT; RUTH, BOOK OF; WOMEN, ANCIENT: Niebuhr, Reinhold: INTERFAITH DIALOGUE: UNITED STATES BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Niemoller,¨ Martin: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY Naphtali: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; RACHEL; Nieto, David: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, TWELVE Nietzsche, Friedrich: BUBER, MARTIN; LITERATURE: Napoleon: EMANCIPATION; FRANCE: CONSISTORIES, SCANDINAVIA 1806–1939; GHETTO; INTERMARRIAGE: MODERN EUROPE Nikova, Rina: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL AND UNITED STATES; NAH. MAN BEN SIMH. A OF BRATSLAV; Nilsson, Leopoldo Torre: FILM: LATIN AMERICA SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY; ZIONISM: FRANCE Nirenska, Pola: DANCE: UNITED STATES Nasi, Gracia: MENDES-NASI FAMILY; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN Nissan, Rosa: FILM: LATIN AMERICA EUROPE; WOMEN: MIDDLE AGES Nissim ben Moses: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; Nasi, Joseph: MENDES-NASI FAMILY THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Nasser, Gamal Abdel: ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB-ISRAELI Nissim ibn Shangi: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN CONFLICT; ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT; ISRAEL, Nissim of Gerona: DINA DEMALKHUTA DINA STATE OF: WARS (1956–1967) Nixon, Richard: ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA RELATIONS; Nassy, Joseph: HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATON JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Natan, Michal: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Noah: ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; Natanel ibn Fayyumi: YEMEN ECOLOGY; FLOOD; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; JOB, BOOK OF; Nathan: BATHSHEBA; BIBLE; BIBLE: PROPHETS AND MESOPOTAMIA AND ANCIENT ISRAEL; REVELATION PROPHECY; DAVID; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; SOLOMON Noah (Daughter of Zelophehad): WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Nathan, R.: MISHNAH; TANNAIM REPRESENTATIONS Nathan of Gaza (Nathan Ashkenazi): KABBALAH, LURIANIC; Noah, Mordecai M.: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH MESSIANISM: EARLY MODERN; SHABBETAI ZEVI LANGUAGE); LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; THEATER: Nathan, Abie: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Nathansen, Henri: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Noll, Chaim: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Nomberg-Przytyk, Sara: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Natronai ben Hilai, Gaon: AMRAM BAR SHESHNA; RESPONSA Nordau, Max: ZANGWILL, ISRAEL LITERATURE Norworth, Jack: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Nattel, Lilian: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Noth, Martin: KINGS, BOOKS OF; TRIBES, TWELVE NORTH AMERICA) Novak, David: THEOLOGY Nebe, A.: BELORUSSIA Nowina-Przybylski, Jan: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE Nebuchadnezzar: BABYLON/BABYLONIA; BABYLONIAN EXILE; Nuchi, Natan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART ESCHATOLOGY: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; EZEKIEL, BOOK Nudel, Ida: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, 1967–1989 OF; JEREMIAH, BOOK OF; LACHISH; PHILISTINES Nusseibeh, Sari: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Nefertiti: EGYPT AND ANCIENT ISRAEL Nussbaum, Felix: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Nehama, Yehuda: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATION; HOLOCAUST ∗Nehemiah: APOCRYPHA; BABYLON/BABYLONIA; EZEKIEL, REPRESENTATION: ART BOOK OF; EZRA AND NEHEMIAH, BOOKS OF; Nyiszli, Miklos: AUSCHWITZ; HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND INTERMARRIAGE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES; JERUSALEM: KILLING CENTERS BIBLICAL AND RABBINIC SOURCES; PERSIA, ANCIENT; ∗Obadiah RUTH, BOOK OF; SAMARITANS; TOBIADS Obadiah of Bertinoro: TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND Neh. emiah, R.: TANNAIM; TOSEFTA EARLY MODERN PERIOD Neh. emiah ben Solomon: MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI ASHKENAZ Obadiah of Rome: PRINTING Nehunia ben ha-Kanah: BAHIR, SEFER HA- Obama, Barack: UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS Nemec,˘ Jan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Ochs, Adolph S.: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES Nemerov, Howard: POETRY: UNITED STATES Ocko, Edna: DANCE: UNITED STATES Ner-David, Haviva: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN Odets, Clifford: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Nero: JEWISH WAR, FIRST; NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA) STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Netanyahu, Benjamin: SHARON, ARIEL Ofek, Avraham: ART, ISRAELI Netanyahu, Ben-Zion: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Ogden, Rollo: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Netsky, Hankus: MUSIC, POPULAR Ohlendorf, Otto: HOLOCAUST: ROMA

703

INDEX OF NAMES

Oirich, Alan: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Papo, Yehudah Eliezer: LITERATURE, LADINO Olczak-Ronikier, Joanna: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY Papon, Maurice: HOLOCAUST TRIALS EUROPE Papp, Joseph: THEATER: UNITED STATES Olere,` David: HOLOCAUST DOCUMENTATION Pappa, R.: AMORAIM Olitski, Jules: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Pappe,´ Ilan: ISRAEL, STATE OF: WARS (1948) Ollman, Arthur: PHOTOGRAPHY ∗Pappenheim, Bertha: BREUER, JOSEF; BUBER, MARTIN; FREUD, Olmert, Ehud: ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL PARTIES SIGMUND; GLUCKEL¨ OF HAMELN; JUDISCHER¨ Olomucki, Halina: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART FRAUENBUND; ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ; WOMEN, MODERN: Olsen, Tillie: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND CENTRAL EUROPE NORTH AMERICA) Pascal, Julia: THEATER: BRITAIN Omri: AHAB; KINGS, BOOKS OF; ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF; Pascin, Jules: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; BULGARIA ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP; MOAB; SAMARIA Passon, Harry: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Onkelos: TARGUM Pasternak, Boris: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Ophuls, Marcel: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM RUSSIAN) Oppen, George: POETRY: UNITED STATES Pauker, Ana: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Oppenheim, David: PRAGUE Paul: ANTINOMIANISM; CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND TEMPLE Oppenheim, Moritz Daniel: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH JUDAISM; CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS AND CENTURY; FRANKFURT AM MAIN JUDAISM; GNOSTICISM; NEW TESTAMENT Oppenheimer, Joseph Suss:¨ COURT JEWS Pearlman, Ruthie: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Oppenheimer, Samuel: COURT JEWS; HABSBURG EMPIRE Pearlstein, Philip: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Oppert, Jules: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH Peer, Shahar: SPORTS: ISRAEL CENTURY) Peerce, Larry: FILM: UNITED STATES Oppler, Edwin: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Peixotto, Jessica Blanche: UNITED STATES: HIGHER EDUCATION Or, Amir: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Peled, Mati: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Orbach, E. A.: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES Pelty, Barney: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Oren, Heda: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Pember, Phoebe Yates: NURSING: UNITED STATES Oren-Weinberg, Shlomo: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE Penn, Irving: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHITECTURE Perec, Georges: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE: Orkeny,¨ Istvan:´ THEATER: EUROPE CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; LITERATURE: FRANCE Orlinsky, Harry M.: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS Perelman, Jeroham Judah Leib: BELORUSSIA Ornstein, Margalit: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Perera, Victor: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Ornstein, Shoshana: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Peres, Shimon: ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS; Ornstein, Yehudit: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL RABIN, YITZHAK Orpah: RUTH, BOOK OF; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Peretz, I. L.: FOLKTALES; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA; REPRESENTATIONS LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; Osten, Suzanne: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; RUSSIA; THEATER, Osterman, Rosanna: NURSING: UNITED STATES YIDDISH; THOUGHT, MODERN Ostriker, Alicia: POETRY: UNITED STATES Perez of Corbeil: TOSAFISTS Ostrowsky, Abbo: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Perl, Joseph: GALICIA; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; HASKALAH; Otto, Rudolf: SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B. LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: Oved, Margalit: DANCE: UNITED STATES 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Oysher, Moishe: FILM: YIDDISH – LANGUAGE; MUSIC, POPULAR Perlasca, Giorgio: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS ∗Oz, Amos: ADULTERY; ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Perle, Yehoshua: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION LITERATURE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Perlmutter, Arnold: THEATER, YIDDISH ISRAEL, STATE OF: KIBBUTZ MOVEMENT; MEMOIR AND Peshev, Dimeter: BULGARIA LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; ZIONISM Petah. iah of Regensburg: PILGRIMAGE; TRAVEL WRITING: Ozick, Cynthia: EDUCATION, NORTH AMERICA: DAY SCHOOLS; MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE: UNITED STATES Peter: CHRISTIANITY AND SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISM (SINCE 1900); LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE Petlura, Simon: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; POGROM; AND NORTH AMERICA); LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO UKRAINE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; POETRY: UNITED STATES Petrov, Yevgeny: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Padani, Paula: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL RUSSIAN) Pagis, Dan: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Pevsner, Antoine: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Pahlavi, Reza Shah: IRAN Pfefferkorn, Blanche: NURSING: UNITED STATES Pa’il, Meir: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Pfefferkorn, Johannes: CONVERSION: EARLY MODERN PERIOD Paldi, Yisrael: ART, ISRAELI Philip: HEROD AND HERODIAN DYNASTY Paley, Grace: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND ∗Philo Judaeus of Alexandria: ALEXANDRIA, ANCIENT; BIBLE: NORTH AMERICA); LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS; DEAD SEA SCROLLS; TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY ESSENES; GNOSTICISM; MARTYRDOM; PTOLEMIES; Paley, Samuel: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION SYNAGOGUES, ANCIENT; WOMEN, ANCIENT: SECOND Paley, William S.: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION; TEMPLE PERIOD RADIO: UNITED STATES Philo the Poet: PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; PTOLEMIES: IMPACT ON Pallenberg, Max: THEATER: EUROPE JEWISH CULTURE AND THOUGHT Palucca, Gret: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Phinehas: NUMBERS, BOOK OF; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; SHILOH Paluzzi, Numidio: SULAM, SARRA COPIA Picasso, Pablo: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Pankok, Otto: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Picon, Molly: ENTERTAINMENT; FILM: UNITED STATES; FILM: Panov, Valery: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; MUSIC, POPULAR Papiernikov, Yosef: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: THE YISHUV Piechotka, Maria and Kazimierz: SYNAGOGUES, WOODEN

704

INDEX OF NAMES

Piesman, Marissa: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Prinz, Joachim: JUDAISM, REFORM: GERMANY; UNITED Piercy, Marge: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT NORTH AMERICA) Proudhon, Pierre Joseph: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, Pike, Jacob: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL 1789–1939 Pike, Lipman “Lip”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Proust, Marcel: DREYFUS AFFAIR; LITERATURE: FRANCE Piket, Frederik: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Ptolemy I: PTOLEMIES; SELEUCIDS Pilinszky, Janos:´ HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY Ptolemy II Philadelphus: ALEXANDRIA, ANCIENT; PTOLEMIES; Pimsler, Stuart: DANCE: UNITED STATES SEPTUAGINT; TOBIADS Pinchik, Pierre: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Puah: MEDICINE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Pingusson, Henri: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS REPRESENTATIONS Pinkus, Yirmi: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Pukhachevsky, Nechama: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN’S POPULAR FICTION WRITERS, 1882–2010 ∗Pinsker, Leon: THOUGHT, MODERN; RUSSIA; ZIONISM Pulvermacher, Neta: DANCE: UNITED STATES Pinski, Dovid: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; THEATER, YIDDISH ∗ Queen of Sheba: ANOINTMENT; ETHIOPIA; ISLAM AND Pinsky, Robert: POETRY: UNITED STATES JUDAISM; SOLOMON Pinter, Harold: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; POETRY: BRITAIN; Raab, Esther: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, THEATER: BRITAIN 1882–2010; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; POETRY, Pissarro, Jacob-Abraham-Camille: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH MODERN HEBREW CENTURY; CARIBBEAN Raban, Ze’ev: ART, ISRAELI; PLATE 11 Plain, Belva: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Raanan, Yoav: SPORTS: ISRAEL Plaskow, Judith: AESTHETICS; JUDAISM, FEMINIST; GOD; Rabbah: AMORAIM THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, MODERN Rabban, Joseph: COCHIN JEWS Plath, Sylvia: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST Rabbeinu Tam: See Jacob ben Meir Tam LITERATURE: POETRY ∗Rabin, Yitzhak: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Plato: BUBER, MARTIN; FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB–ISRAELI CONFLICT, 1948–2010; GNOSTICISM; REVELATION ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY BODIES; Pliny the Elder: DEAD SEA SCROLLS; DECAPOLIS CITIES; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; SHARON, ARIEL ESSENES; TRIBES, TEN LOST Rabinovich, Osip: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Podoloff, Maurice: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL RUSSIAN) Podhoretz, Norman: PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Rabinovici, Doron: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; LANGUAGE) LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Polanski, Roman: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Rabinovitch, Anne: LITERATURE: FRANCE HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Rabon, Yisrael: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Polgar, Alfred: THEATER: EUROPE ∗Rachel: ETHICS, MEDICAL; JACOB; JOSEPH; INFERTILITY; Polke, Sigmar: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART ISRAELITES: TRIBES; LEAH; LOVE; MESOPOTAMIA AND Pomerantz, Fred: FASHION ANCIENT ISRAEL; PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; Pomis, David de: MEDICINE TRIBES, TWELVE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Pompey: ARCHEOLOGY, LAND OF ISRAEL: SECOND TEMPLE REPRESENTATIONS PERIOD; HASMONEAN DYNASTY; JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL Rachel: See Bluwstein, Rachel AND RABBINIC SOURCES; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE; Raczymow, Henri: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; SELEUCIDS LITERATURE: FRANCE Pool, David de Sola: PRAYER BOOKS: UNITED STATES; UNITED Rad, Gerhard von: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND STATES: MILITARY CHAPLAINCY PEACE Popa, Vasko: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY Radner, Gilda: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Porat, Yehoshua: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Radnoti,´ Miklos:´ HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST Porzecanski, Teresa: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA LITERATURE: POETRY Posnak, Max: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Radok, Alfred: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Potash, Rikuda: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Ragen, Naomi: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION CENTURY; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: THE YISHUV Rahab: JERICHO; PROSTITUTES, PROSTITUTION: HEBREW Potecorvo, Gilo: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM BIBLE THROUGH MIDDLE AGES; WOMEN, ANCIENT: Potiphar: JOSEPH BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS; WOMEN, ANCIENT: Potok, Chaim: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION; SPORTS AND ISRAELITE AMERICANIZATION Rahabi, David: BENE ISRAEL Pound, Ezra: POETRY: UNITED STATES; POETRY: BRITAIN Rahabi, Ezekiel: COCHIN JEWS; INDIA Poznanski, Gustavus: CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA; Rakosi, Carl: POETRY: UNITED STATES JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AMERICA Rakov, Nokhem: THEATER, YIDDISH Prager, Marcia: JUDAISM: JEWISH RENEWAL Rakovsky, Puah: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; Prager, Regina: THEATER, YIDDISH WOMEN, MODERN: EASTERN EUROPE Prawer, Joshua: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Rand, Archie: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Prell, Riv-Ellen: ANTHROPOLOGY Raphael: MAGIC Presley, Elvis: FASHION Raphael, Frederic: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Pressburger, Giorgio: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY Raphaelson, Samson: THEATER, UNITED STATES: EUROPE PLAYWRIGHTS Preysing, Konrad von: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Raphall, Morris: UNITED STATES: CIVIL WAR ∗Priesand, Sally Jane: JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AMERICA; Rapoport, Nathan: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS; HOLOCAUST RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN REPRESENTATION: ART Prilutski, Noyekh: THEATER, YIDDISH Rapoport, Solomon Judah Leib: HABSBURG EMPIRE; HASKALAH; Prince, Harold: THEATER: UNITED STATES LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH; PRAGUE

705

INDEX OF NAMES

∗Rashi: BERURIAH; BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS; Reuchlin, Johannes: ABULAFIA, ABRAHAM; KABBALAH; BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO 1800; NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA) BYZANTINE EMPIRE; DINA DE-MALKHUTA DINA; Reuel: See JETHRO EDUCATION, BOYS: MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN; Reuf, Abe: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT EZEKIEL, BOOK OF; FOLKTALES; FRANCE: MIDDLE AGES; Reuveni, Aharon: LITERATURE, MODERN HEBREW: THE GERMANY; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700; YISHUV, 1880–1948 MARTYRDOM; NAH. MANIDES; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: Reuveni, David: ABRAVANEL FAMILY; MESSIANISM: EARLY CHRISTIAN EUROPE; PRINTING; RABBINIC LITERATURE: MODERN; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE MISHNAH AND TALMUDS; RESPONSA LITERATURE; SONG Reuveni, Aharon: LITERATURE, MODERN HEBREW: THE OF SONGS, BOOK OF; TOSAFISTS; TOSEFTA YISHUV, 1880–1948 Raskin, Saul: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Revai,´ Jozef:´ COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Rath, Georg von: HOLOCAUST Revel, Bernard: YESHIVA UNIVERSITY Rathenau, Walther: BERLIN Revivo, Chaim: SPORTS: ISRAEL Ratosh, Jonathan: ART, ISRAELI; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE Reyzen, Avrom: POETRY, YIDDISH YISHUV, 1880–1948; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Reznik, David: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Rau, Heinz: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Reznikoff, Charles: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; POETRY: UNITED Raudnitz, Rachel: PRAGUE STATES Rauschenberg, Robert: ART, ISRAELI Ricci, Matteo: CHINA Rav: AMORAIM Rice, Abraham: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Ravel, Edeet: LITERATURE: CANADA Rice, Elmer: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Ravikovitch, Dahlia: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS 1882–2010; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Rich, Adrienne: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Ravina, R.: AMORAIM NORTH AMERICA); POETRY, UNITED STATES Ravitsh, Melekh: POETRY, YIDDISH Richler, Mordecai: FILM: UNITED STATES; LITERATURE: Ravvin, Norman: LITERATURE: CANADA CANADA Rawet, Samuel: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Rickert, Heinrich: ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ Rawicz, Piotr: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; LITERATURE: Rickles, Don: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT FRANCE Riefenstahl, Leni: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Ray, Man: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; Rieger, Eliezer: ISRAEL, STATE OF: DIASPORA RELATIONS PHOTOGRAPHY Riesser, Gabriel: ART, EUROPE: NINETEENTH CENTURY; Raynal, Clement´ Weill: LITERATURE: FRANCE GERMANY Raziel, David: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Rieti, Diana: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN PARAMILITARY BODIES Rieti, Moses: ASCARELLI, DEVORA;` POETRY, MEDIEVAL: Reagan, Ronald: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT CHRISTIAN EUROPE ∗Rebekah: BIBLE: ANCESTRAL NARRATIVES; ESAU; ETHICS, ∗Ringelblum, Emanuel: HOLOCAUST DIARIES; HOLOCAUST MEDICAL; GENESIS, BOOK OF; INFERTILITY; ISRAELITES: DOCUMENTATION; HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE; THEATER, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; ISAAC; JACOB; LOVE; PRAYER: YIDDISH WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; RACHEL; WOMEN, ANCIENT: R´ıos, Leopoldo Torre: FILM: LATIN AMERICA BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Riskin, Shlomo: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: MODERN Reeb, David: ART, ISRAELI ORTHODOX Reggio, Yitzhak Shmuel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Rita: MUSIC, POPULAR ∗Rehoboam: AMMON; HEBRON; ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF; Ritter, Robert: ROMA JEROBOAM; JUDAH, KINGDOM OF; LACHISH; SHECHEM; Rivera, Diego: ART, ISRAELI UNITED MONARCHY Rivers, Joan: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; FILM: UNITED Reich-Ranicki, Marcel: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE STATES Reick, Theodor: ANTHROPOLOGY Rivers, Larry: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Reigner, Gerhardt: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND Rivess, Avrom: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: THE YISHUV MODERN Rizpah: SAMUEL Reinach, Theodore´ and Salomon: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE Robbins, Jerome: DANCE: UNITED STATES; THEATER: UNITED (NINETEENTH CENTURY) STATES; THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Reiner, Carl: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; ENTERTAINMENT; Robeson, Paul: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL TELEVISION: UNITED STATES Robin, Regine:´ LITERATURE: CANADA Reines, Isaac Jacob: MIZRACHI Roca, Julio A.: ARGENTINA Reinhardt, Elaine Rosenthal: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN Roden, Claudia: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Reinhardt, Max: BERLIN; THEATER: EUROPE Rodgers, Richard: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED Reinharz, Yehudah: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Reisman, Ori: ART, ISRAELI Rodker, John: POETRY: BRITAIN Reitz, Edgar: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Rogers, Roy: FASHION Rejwan, Nissim: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Rogoff, Tamar: DANCE: UNITED STATES Remos, Moses: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Roheim, Geza: ANTHROPOLOGY Rennert, Itzik: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Rokeah, Aharon: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES POPULAR FICTION Rokhman, Leyb: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Resnais, Alain: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); CENTURY HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Rolston, Adam: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Reuben: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; LEAH; TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, Romanelli, Samuel: TRAVEL WRITING: MIDDLE AGES AND TWELVE EARLY MODERN PERIOD Reuben bar Isaac: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Romanesky, Marilyn: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: WOMEN

706

INDEX OF NAMES

Romano, Joseph: JOURNALISM, LADINO (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) Rosten, Leo: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Romm Family: PRINTING Roth, Cecil: ENCYCLOPEDIAS; MUSEUMS Roosevelt, Eleanor: FRANK, ANNE Roth, Henry: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: HOLOCAUST: UNITED STATES CENTURY; LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) JEWISH RESPONSE; RADIO: UNITED STATES; UNITED Roth, Joan: PHOTOGRAPHY STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; UNITED STATES Roth, Joseph: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE PRESIDENTS; WORLD WAR II: IMPACT ON AMERICAN JEWS Roth, Philip: ADULTERY; FILM: UNITED STATES; HOLOCAUST Roosevelt, Theodore: STRAUS FAMILY; UNITED STATES LITERATURE: FICTION; LITERATURE: BRITAIN; LITERATURE: PRESIDENTS UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) Rose, Helen: FASHION Roth-Sahamorov, Esther: SPORTS: ISRAEL Rosen, Al: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Rothenberg, Jerome: POETRY: UNITED STATES Rosen, Amy Sue: DANCE: UNITED STATES Rothko, Mark: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; ART, Rosen, Carl: FASHION AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Rosen, Michael: POETRY: BRITAIN Rothschild, Alphonse: ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosen, Norma: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Rothschild, Amschel Mayer: ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosenbaum, Israel Dov: PLATE 9 Rothschild, Bathsheba de: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE Rosenbaum, Thane: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION ISRAEL Rosenberg, Chava: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Rothschild, Carl (Kalman): ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosenberg, Douglas: DANCE: UNITED STATES Rothschild, Edmond James de: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, Rosenberg, Harold: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 1789–1939; ISRAEL, STATE OF: AGRICULTURAL Rosenberg, Isaac: POETRY: BRITAIN SETTLEMENTS (1878 TO 1948); ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosenberg, Joel: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION ∗Rothschild, James and Betty de: ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosenberg, Petey: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Rothschild, James (Jimmy) and Dorothy Pinto de: ROTHSCHILD Rosenberg, Shalom: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES FAMILY Rosenberg, Yehuda Yudil: GOLEM Rothschild, James Edouard de: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE Rosenblatt, Joseph “Yossele”: CANTOR, CANTORATE: (NINETEENTH CENTURY) CONTEMPORARY; FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; MUSIC, Rothschild, Kalman: ROTHSCHILD FAMILY POPULAR; MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Rothschild, Lionel: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN; Rosenblum, Naomi: PHOTOGRAPHY ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosencof, Mauricio: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Rothschild, Mayer Amschel and Gudule Schnapper: BANKING Rosenfarb, Chava: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; AND BANKING HOUSES; FRANKFURT AM MAIN; GERMANY; LITERATURE: CANADA; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO ROTHSCHILD FAMILY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Rothschild, Nathan: BANKING AND BANKING HOUSES; Rosenfeld, Jonah: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH MONTEFIORE, MOSES HAIM; ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosenfeld, Morris: CELEBRITIES; POETRY, YIDDISH Rothschild, Nathaniel Mayer: ROTHSCHILD FAMILY Rosengarten, Albert: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Rothschild, Salomon Mayer: HABSBURG EMPIRE; ROTHSCHILD Rosensaft, Josef: DISPLACED PERSONS FAMILY Rosenstein, Nettie: FASHION Rothschild, Walter: BALFOUR DECLARATION; BRITAIN: EARLY Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen: BUBER, MARTIN; ROSENZWEIG, MODERN AND MODERN FRANZ Rothstein, Arnold: CRIME AND CRIMINALS: UNITED STATES; Rosenthal, A. M.: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL LANGUAGE) Rothstein, Arthur: PHOTOGRAPHY Rosenthal, C. D.: ROMANIA Rotta, Angelo: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Rosenthal, Jack: THEATER: BRITAIN Rousset, David: LITERATURE: FRANCE Rosenthal, Joe: PHOTOGRAPHY Rozeanu, Angelica: SPORTS: ISRAEL Rosenthal, Max: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Rozenmacher, German:´ LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Rosenwald, Julius: CHICAGO; UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS Rozental, Anna: WOMEN, MODERN: EASTERN EUROPE MOVEMENT Rubens, Bernice: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Rosenzweig, Edith Hahn: ROSENZWEIG, FRANZ ∗Rubenstein, Richard L.: AESTHETICS; EVIL AND SUFFERING; ∗Rosenzweig, Franz: AESTHETICS; BERKOVITS, ELIEZER; BIBLE: GOD; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; THEOLOGY; NARRATIVE LITERATURE; BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND THOUGHT, MODERN TRANSLATORS; BUBER, MARTIN; COHEN, HERMANN; Rubin, Joel: MUSIC, POPULAR FACKENHEIM, EMIL LUDWIG; FRANKFURT AM MAIN; Rubin, Reuven: ART, ISRAELI; PLATE 22 GERMANY; GOD; HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA; LEVINAS, Rubina, Dina: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN EMMANUEL; LOVE; PAPPENHEIM, BERTHA; REDEMPTION; RUSSIAN); LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE REVELATION; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, MODERN Rubinshtein, Lev: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION (IN Rosi, Francesco: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) RUSSIAN) Røsler, Alexander: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Rubinstein, Katia: LITERATURE: FRANCE LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Rukeyser, Muriel: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE Ross, Bertram: DANCE: UNITED STATES AND NORTH AMERICA); POETRY: UNITED STATES Rossen, Rebecca: DANCE: UNITED STATES Rumkowski, Mordechai Chaim: HOLOCAUST: GHETTOS; ∗Rossi, Azariah dei: ITALY; PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Rossi, Leone: MUSIC, SYNAGOGUE Rumshinsky, Joseph: MUSIC, POPULAR; THEATER, YIDDISH Rossi, Madama Europa: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE ∗Ruth: ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; MARRIAGE, Rossi, Salamone: ITALY; MUSIC, SYNAGOGUE; WOMEN: EARLY LEVIRATE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL MODERN EUROPE REPRESENTATIONS Rossler,¨ Tille: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Ruzowitzky, Stefan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM

707

INDEX OF NAMES

Ryback, Issachar: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Samuels, Diane: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; THEATER: BRITAIN ∗ Saadia ben Joseph Gaon: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE Sanbel, Nah. man: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE AGES TO 1800; BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS; Sandberg, Carl: POETRY: UNITED STATES DUNASH BEN LABRAT; EGYPT: MIDDLE AGES; EVIL AND Sanderson, Danny: MUSIC, POPULAR SUFFERING; GAON, GEONIM, GEONIC ACADEMIES; GOLEM; Sandgren, Ake:˚ FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS; IBN EZRA, LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA ABRAHAM; ISLAM AND JUDAISM; JUDEO-ARABIC; LOVE; Sandler, Adam: FILM: UNITED STATES MIDDLE AGES: JEWISH – CHRISTIAN POLEMICS; POETRY, Sandler, Boris: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD; PRAYER BOOKS; RESPONSA Sandler, Peretz: THEATER, YIDDISH LITERATURE; SEFER YETZIRAH; SEFIROT; SHEKHINAH; Saperstein, Abe: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Saphir, Jacob: YEMEN Saadia ibn Danan: GRAMMARIANS AND LEXICOGRAPHERS; ∗Sarah: ABRAHAM; ART: LATE ANTIQUITY; BIBLE: ANCESTRAL POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD NARRATIVES; COVENANT; DEUTERONOMY, BOOK OF; Sabar, Ariel: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I ETHICS, MEDICAL; GENESIS, BOOK OF; HAGAR; Sacco, Nicola: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART; INFERTILITY; ISAAC; Sachar, Abram: HILLEL: THE FOUNDATION FOR JEWISH ISHMAEL; ISRAEL, LAND OF; PRAYER: WOMEN’S CAMPUS LIFE DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Sachs, Nelly: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948; REPRESENTATIONS LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA; HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: Sarah bas Tovim: PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; WOMEN: POETRY EARLY MODERN EUROPE Sachs, Shneur: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Sarai: SARAH Sadat, Anwar el: ISRAEL, STATE OF: ARAB–ISRAELI CONFLICT, Sarasohn, Kasriel: JOURNALISM, YIDDISH: NORTH AMERICA 1948–2010 Sargon II: ASSYRIA Sadeh, Pinchas: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW; Sarig, Gideon: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Sarna, Yehezkel: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Sa’di: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Sarnoff, David: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION; Sahal ben Matzliah. : PILGRIMAGE RADIO: UNITED STATES Sahl ibn Bushr ibn Habib al-Yahd: ASTROLOGY Saruk, Israel: KABBALAH, LURIANIC; LURIA, ISAAC Sahl, Mort: ENTERTAINMENT Sasportes, Yehudit: ART, ISRAELI Sa‘idˆ al-Andalusˆı: SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES Sasso, Sandy Eisenberg: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN; AND EARLY MODERN PERIOD RECONSTRUCTIONIST RABBINICAL COLLEGE Saker, Maria: RUSSIA Sassoon, Jason: CHINA ∗Salamon, Nina Davis: ZANGWILL, ISRAEL Satanow, Yitzhak: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Salanter, Israel: MUSAR MOVEMENT; RUSSIA Saturninus: GNOSTICISM Salk, Jonas: CELEBRITIES; MEDICINE ∗Saul: BIBLE: PROPHETS AND PROPHECY; BIBLE: Salome Alexandra: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; PHARISEES; REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; CHRONICLES, WOMEN, ANCIENT: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD BOOKS OF; DAVID; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; ISRAELITES: Salomon, Charlotte: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY KINGSHIP; JUDAH, KINGDOM OF; LOVE; MAGIC; Salomon, Erich: PHOTOGRAPHY PHILISTINES; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; TRIBES, TWELVE; Salomon, Haym: BANKING AND BANKING HOUSES; UNITED UNITED MONARCHY STATES: AMERICAN REVOLUTION Sauvage, Pierre: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Salvador, Francis: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Saxe, Michael: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL ∗ Samael: MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT AND MERKAVAH Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman: GOD; H. AVURAH MOVEMENT; LITERATURE; SEFIROT JUDAISM: JEWISH RENEWAL MOVEMENT; INTERFAITH Samoscz, Israel: MENDELSSOHN, MOSES DIALOGUE: UNITED STATES Samson: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND PEACE; Schalit, Heinrich: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; JUDGES, BOOK OF; Schanker, Louis: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 NAZIRITE Schapiro, Miriam: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Samson ben Abraham: TOSAFISTS Schatz, Boris: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; ART, Samson ben Zadok: MEIR BEN BARUKH OF ROTHENBURG ISRAELI; MUSEUMS Samson of Chinon: TOSEFTA Schayes, Adolph “Dolph”: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: ∗Samuel: ABRAHAM; BETH EL; HANNAH; MAGIC; NAZIRITES; BASKETBALL PRAYER: WOMEN’S DEVOTIONAL; SHILOH Schayes, Danny: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Samuel, R.: AMORAIM; DINA DE-MALKHUTA DINA Schechner, Richard: THEATER: UNITED STATES Samuel ben Abba ha-Cohen: MEDICINE ∗Schechter, Solomon: ADLER, CYRUS; EDUCATION, NORTH Samuel ben Hofni: RESPONSA LITERATURE AMERICA: DAY SCHOOLS; GENIZAH, CAIRO; JEWISH Samuel ben Judah: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES PUBLICATION SOCIETY; JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY; Samuel ben Kalonymus: GOLEM; MIDDLE AGES: H. ASIDEI JUDAISM, CONSERVATIVE; THOUGHT, MODERN; ASHKENAZ ZANGWILL, ISRAEL Samuel ben Meir (Rashbam): BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE Scheer, Eva: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA AGES TO 1800; DINA DE-MALKHUTA DINA; FRANCE: MIDDLE Scheler, Max: SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B. AGES; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; RASHI; Schenfeld, Rina: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL TOSAFISTS ∗Schenirer, Sarah: AGUDAT ISRAEL; WOMEN, MODERN: BRITAIN Samuel ben Musa: PRINTING AND NORTH AMERICA; WOMEN, MODERN: EASTERN Samuel ben Solomon: MEIR BEN BARUKH OF ROTHENBURG EUROPE Samuel ibn Danan: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Schenkar, Joan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA; ∗Samuel ibn Naghrela ha-Nagid: NAGID; SPAIN, MUSLIM; LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD AMERICA)

708

INDEX OF NAMES

Scheuer, Mathilda: NURSING: UNITED STATES Schyfter, Guita: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Schiff, Jacob: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; NURSING: Sciuto, Lucien: OTTOMAN EMPIRE UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES: HIGHER EDUCATION; Scotto, Aubrey: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE WALD, LILLIAN; ZANGWILL, ISRAEL Scliar, Moacyr: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Schiff, Meir ben Jacob Ha-Kohen: FRANKFURT AM MAIN Sebald, W. G.: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTON Schiller, Benjie Ellen: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS Secunda, Sholom: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; MUSIC, Schindel, Robert: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; LITERATURE: POPULAR; THEATER, YIDDISH CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Sedran, Barney: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Schindler, Alexander: JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH AMERICA Seeger, Pete: ECCLESIASTES, BOOK OF ∗Schindler, Emilie and Oskar: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Segal, Edith: DANCE: UNITED STATES Schlegel, Dorothea Mendelssohn Veit von: LITERATURE: WOMEN Segal, George: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); REPRESENTATION: ART MENDELSSOHN, MOSES; WOMEN, MODERN: CENTRAL Segal, Joseph: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE EUROPE Segal, Yechiel: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Schlink, Bernhard: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION Segall, Lasar: LATIN AMERICA Schnock, Frieder: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Seghers, Anna: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Scholander, Vilhelm: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Seinfeld, Jerry: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION Schoolman, Albert P.: SUMMER CAMPING Sela, Yoel: SPORTS: ISRAEL Schneerson, Chana: SCHNEERSON, MENACHEM MENDEL Selig, Bud: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Schneerson, Chaya Mushka: SCHNEERSON, MENACHEM Seligmann, Rafael: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; MENDEL LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Schneerson, Joseph Isaac: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Selznick, David O.: FILM: UNITED STATES Schneerson, Levi Yitzchak: SCHNEERSON, MENACHEM MENDEL Semel, Nava: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; LITERATURE, ∗ Schneerson, Menachem Mendel: H. ASIDISM: NORTH AMERICA; HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS (1882–2010) HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; MESSIANISM: Semper, Gottfried: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY MODERN APPROACHES; NAH. MAN BEN SIMH. AOF Semprun, Jorge: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION BRATSLAV Sendak, Maurice: DANCE: UNITED STATES Schneerson, Yosef Yitzchak: SCHNEERSON, MENACHEM Sendlerowa, Irena: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS MENDEL Sennacherib: ASSYRIA; CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; Schneiderman, Rose: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL LACHISH INVOLVEMENT Senesh, Hannah: HOLOCAUST EDUCATION: NORTH AMERICA; Schnitzler, Arthur: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; THEATER: MUSEUMS EUROPE; VIENNA Serah, daughter of Asher: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Schoenberg, Arnold: AESTHETICS; VIENNA REPRESENTATIONS ∗Scholem, Gershom: ABULAFIA, ABRAHAM; ANTINOMIANISM; Serdatsky, Yente: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO THE BAHIR, SEFER HA-; FRANKFURT AM MAIN; ISRAEL, STATE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY OF: PEACE MOVEMENT; KABBALAH; KABBALAH, Sereni, Clara: LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE LURIANIC; MESSIANISM: MODERN APPROACHES; Sernhartz, Nathan: NAH. MAN BEN SIMH. A OF BRATSLAV METATRON; MOSES DE LEON; MYSTICISM: HEKHALOT AND Serra, Richard: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST MERKAVAH LITERATURE; MYSTICISM, WOMEN AND; MEMORIALS SHABBETAI ZEVI; SEFIROT; THOUGHT, MODERN Setton, Ruth Knafo: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE Schopenhauer, Arthur: BUBER, MARTIN AND NORTH AMERICA) Schorr, Yehoshua Heschel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Severeid, Eric: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Schrader, Leonard: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Severus of Minorca: CHURCH FATHERS: ATTITUDES TO JEWS Shreider, Grigory: SAINT PETERSBURG AND JUDAISM Schtok, Fradel: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO THE Sexton, Anne: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Seymour, David: PHOTOGRAPHY Schuck,¨ Henrik: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Sfar, Joann: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Schulz, Bruno: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; POPULAR FICTION LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Sforno, Obadiah: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES TO Schutz, Irena: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS 1800 Schwab, Moise: JEWISH STUDIES: FRANCE (NINETEENTH Sha-al, Adi: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL CENTURY) Shababo, Shoshannah: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, Schwartz, David: FASHION 1880–1948 Schwartz, Lynn Sharon: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS Shabazi, Shalom: FOLKTALES; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA) WORLD; YEMEN ∗ Schwartz, Maurice: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; THEATER, Shabbetai Zevi: ANTINOMIANISM; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; YIDDISH KABBALAH; KABBALAH, LURIANIC; LITERATURE: BRITAIN; Schwartz, Y. Y.: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700; LUZZATTO, Schwarz-Bart, Andre:´ HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE: MOSES H. AYYIM; MESSIANISM: EARLY MODERN; FRANCE MESSIANISM: MODERN APPROACHES; SABBATEANISM; Schwartzbard, Sholom: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 SCHOLEM, GERSHOM; TIKKUN OLAM; TURKEY; UKRAINE; Schwarzschild, Steven: COHEN, HERMANN WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Schweid, Eliezer: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Shabtai, Yaakov: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Schwerner, Armand: POETRY: UNITED STATES Shaham, Rina: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Schwerner, Michael: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – Shahar, David: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; JEWISH RELATIONS; UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW MOVEMENT Shahin: JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

709

INDEX OF NAMES

Shahn, Ben: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; HOLOCAUST Shem Tov ben Isaac ibn Ardutiel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: REPRESENTATION: ART; PHOTOGRAPHY; PLATE 18 MEDIEVAL SPAIN; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Shaked, Gershon: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Shem Tov ibn Joseph Falaquera: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW EUROPE; SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND Shakespeare, William: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; MONEY LENDING: EARLY MODERN PERIOD; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE; THEATER: Shem Tov ibn Shem Tov: GERSONIDES; THOUGHT, EARLY BRITAIN MODERN Shakh, Elazar Man: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Shemaiah: RASHI Shalev-Gerz, Esther: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Shemer, Naomi: MUSIC, POPULAR Shalev, Meir: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Shemi, Menahem: ART, ISRAELI Shalev, Zeruya: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Sherira Gaon: BAAL SHEM; GAON, GEONIM, GEONIC 1882–2010 ACADEMIES; HAI BEN SHERIRA; PUMBEDITA; RESPONSA Shalom, Abraham: THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL LITERATURE; SABORAIM; TANNAIM; TOSEFTA Shalom, Shin: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Sherman, A. J.: BRITAIN: EARLY MODERN AND MODERN Shamash, Violette: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Sherman, Allie: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: FOOTBALL Shamir, Moshe: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; FILM: Sherman, Jason: LITERATURE: CANADA ISRAEL; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 Sherman, Kenneth: LITERATURE: CANADA Shamir, Yitzhak: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Sherman, Martin: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA PARAMILITARY BODIES Sheshbazzar: EXILE, BABYLONIAN; PERSIA Shammai: AVOT DE RABBI NATAN; HILLEL; MISHNAH; Shifrah: MEDICINE; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL TANNAIM REPRESENTATIONS Shammas, Anton: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Shirer, William: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI LITERATURE Shishak: REHOBOAM Shamri, Aryeh: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: THE YISHUV Shkop, Shimon: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES Shandling, Garry: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS Shlaim, Avi: ISRAEL, STATE OF: WARS (1948) Shani, Marco: ART, ISRAELI Shlonsky, Abraham: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, Shapero, Lillian: DANCE: UNITED STATES 1880–1948; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Shapira, Amitzur: SPORTS: ISRAEL Shlumil, Shlomo: KABBALAH, LURIANIC; LURIA, ISAAC Shapira, Anita: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Shochat, Israel: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Shapira, Hayyim Elazar: JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: PARAMILITARY BODIES ULTRA-ORTHODOX Sholem Aleichem (Sholem Rabinowitz): COMEDY AND Shapira, Shalom Joseph: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, COMEDIANS; DANCE: UNITED STATES; ETHICAL WILLS; 1880–1948 FILM: YIDDISH LANGUAGE; FOLKTALES; LITERATURE: Shapiro, Alan: POETRY: UNITED STATES CANADA; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE, Shapiro, Danial: DANCE: UNITED STATES YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; MEMOIR AND Shapiro, Kalonymous Kalman: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH; RUSSIA; THEATER: UNITED STATES; RESPONSES THEATER, YIDDISH Shapiro, Karl: POETRY: UNITED STATES Shorr, Joshua Heschel: HASKALAH Shapiro, Lamed: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Shoshani, Mordechai: LEVINAS, EMMANUEL CENTURY Shostakovich, Dmitri: POETRY, YIDDISH Shaposhnikov, Ivan: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Shragai, Shlomoh Zalman: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Sharett, Moshe: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND RESPONSES PARAMILITARY BODIES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL Shua,´ Ana Maria: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA PARTIES Shubert, Jacob, Lee, and Sam: THEATER: UNITED STATES ∗Sharansky, Nathan (Anatoly): SOVIET UNION: JEWISH Shulman, Kalman: HASKALAH MOVEMENT, 1967–1989 Shulsinger, Shlomo: SUMMER CAMPING ∗ Sharon, Ariel: BEGIN, MENACHEM; ISRAEL, STATE OF: WARS Shwarts, H. ayyim: PRINTING (1973–2010); ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS; Shweky, Yaakov: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL PARTIES; SHARANSKY, Sierakowiak, David: HOLOCAUST DIARIES NATHAN Silano: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Sharon, Mirali: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Silberman, Eliezer: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Shatz, Meir bar Isaac: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Silken, Jon: POETRY: BRITAIN EUROPE Silva, Daniel: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION ∗ Shaul, Anwar: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Silver, Abba Hillel: ZIONISM: UNITED STATES Shavelson, Clara Lemlich: UNITED STATES: POLITICAL Silver, Eliezer: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES INVOLVEMENT Silver, Joan Micklin: FILM: UNITED STATES Shaw, Irwin: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Silver, Monroe: ENTERTAINMENT Shaw, Robert: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Silverberg, Robert: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Shayetitch, Simcha Bunim: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Silverman, Ira: JUDAISM, RECONSTRUCTIONIST Shaykevitch, Nokhem Meyer “Shomer”: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: Silverman, Sarah: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; THEATER, YIDDISH ENTERTAINMENT Sheazaf, Neta: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Simh. a Bunem of Przysucha: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Shechem: DINAH; ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; Simeon: DINAH; ISRAELITES: TRIBES; LEAH; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA TRIBES, TEN LOST; TRIBES, TWELVE She’erah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Simon bar Lakish: AMORAIM Shefatiah: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Simon bar (ben) Yoh. ai: KABBALAH; MOSES DE LEON; ROME, Shelomzion: See SALOME ALEXANDRA ROMAN EMPIRE; SAFED; TANNAIM; ZOHAR Shem: BIBLE: LANGUAGES Simon ben Gamaliel, R.: PATRIARCH; TANNAIM

710

INDEX OF NAMES

Simon ben Gamaliel II, R.: PATRIARCH; TANNAIM BOOKS OF; MAGIC; PHOENICIA, PHOENICIANS; Simon ben Shetah. , R.: HASMONEAN DYNASTY; MAGIC PROSTITUTION: HEBREW BIBLE THROUGH MIDDLE AGES; Simh. ah of Speyer: TOSAFISTS PROVERBS, BOOK OF; PSEUDEPIGRAPHA; QUEEN OF Simiate, Ona: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS SHEBA; REHOBOAM; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; SHECHEM; Simmel, Georg: BUBER, MARTIN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS: MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY Simon ben Isaac ben Abun: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN MODERN PERIOD; SONG OF SONGS, BOOK OF; TEMPLE EUROPE AND TEMPLE CULT; TRIBES, TWELVE; UNITED MONARCHY; Simon Magus: GNOSTICISM; SAMARITANS WORSHIP Simon, Neil: ENTERTAINMENT; TELEVISION: UNITED STATES; Solomon ben Abraham: JONAH BEN ABRAHAM GERONDI THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, UNITED STATES: Solomon ben Aderet (Rashba): EDUCATION, BOYS: MEDIEVAL PLAYWRIGHTS AND EARLY MODERN; TEFILLIN Simonson, Lee: THEATER: UNITED STATES ∗Solomon ben Isaac: See Rashi Sinatra, Frank: ENTERTAINMENT Solomon ben Meshullam Da Piera: LITERATURE, HEBREW: Sinclair, Clive: LITERATURE: BRITAIN MEDIEVAL SPAIN Sinclair, Ian: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Solomon ha-Bavli: ITALY; POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN Sinclair, Jo (Ruth Seid): LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS EUROPE (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA) Solomon ha-Levi: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Singer, Israel Joshua: ADULTERY; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: Solomon ibn Verga: ITALY YIDDISH; THEATER, YIDDISH Solomon, Hannah: CHICAGO Singer, Isaac Bashevis: CELEBRITIES; LITERATURE: BRITAIN; Soloveitchik, Chaim of Brisk: SOLOVEITCHIK, JOSEPH B.; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; LITERATURE: POPULAR ∗Soloveitchik, Joseph Baer: AESTHETICS; ETHICS, FICTION; LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900); ENVIRONMENTAL; GOD; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH RESPONSES; JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: MODERN ORTHODOX; Singer, Isadore: ANTISEMITISIM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES; THEOLOGY; ENCYCLOPEDIAS THOUGHT, MODERN Singer, James: POETRY: BRITAIN Soloveitchik, Moshe: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES Siporin, Mitchell: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Someck, Ronny: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Siriro, Samuel Saul: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Somekh, Sasson: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Sirota, Gershon: CANTOR, CANTORATE: CONTEMPORARY; Soncino, Gershom, Joshua Solomon, and Solomon: PRINTING CANTOR, CANTORATE: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT; Sondheim, Stephen: THEATER: UNITED STATES; THEATER, MUSIC, RELIGIOUS UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Sisera: DEBORAH Sonenberg-Bergson, Temerel: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE Siskind, Aaron: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Sonnenthal, Adolf von: THEATER: EUROPE Skolnik, Fred: ENCYCLOPEDIAS Sonntag, Jacob: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Slansk´ y,´ Rudolf: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE; Soutine, Chaim: ART, ISRAELI; ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CZECHOSLOVAKIA CENTURY Slonimsky, Hayim Zelig: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Soyer, Isaac: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Smadja, Oren: SPORTS: ISRAEL Soyer, Moses: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Smashnova, Anna: SPORTS: ISRAEL Soyer, Raphael: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; ART, Smilansky, Moshe: LITERATURE, MODERN HEBREW: THE AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 YISHUV, 1880–1948 Soyfer, Zalman: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700 Smith, Gerald L. K.: INTERFAITH DIALOGUE: UNITED STATES Spahn, Moe: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Smolenskin, Peretz: HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: Spektor, Isaac Elhanan: YESHIVA UNIVERSITY HASKALAH; THOUGHT, MODERN Spero, Nancy: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Snodgras, W. D.: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE Spiegelman, Art: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; HOLOCAUST Snyder, Joan: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART LITERATURE: FICTION; LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; Sobol, Joshua: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION; LITERATURE: UNITED Sofer, Dalia: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I STATES (SINCE 1900) Sofer, Moses: HABSBURG EMPIRE; JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: Spiegler, Mordechai: SPORTS: ISRAEL ULTRA ORTHODOX Spielberg, Steven: HOLOCAUST EDUCATION: NORTH AMERICA; Sokolnikov, Grigory: BOLSHEVISM: RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM; HOLOCAUST SOVIET UNION RESCUERS Sokolov, Mikhoel-Ber: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Spingarn, Joel: UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Sokolov, Nahum: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH ∗Spinoza, Baruch: ABRAVANEL FAMILY; AMSTERDAM; Sokolover, Efrayim: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES CHOSENNESS; GOD; LITERATURE: CANADA; CRESCAS, Sokolow, Anna: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL; H. ASDAI BEN ABRAHAM; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA; DANCE: UNITED STATES SECULARISM; THEOLOGY; THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN; Sokolow, Nahum: TEL AVIV THOUGHT, MODERN Solman, Joseph: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Spire, Andre:´ LITERATURE: FRANCE ∗Solomon: AMMON; ANOINTMENT; BATHSHEBA; BLESSINGS, Spira, Hadassah: DANCE: UNITED STATES BEFORE AND AFTER MEALS; CANAAN, CANAANITES; Spiro, Melford: ANTHROPOLOGY CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF; COCHIN JEWS; DAVID; Spitz, Mark: CELEBRITIES ECCLESIASTES, BOOK OF; ETHICAL WILLS; ETHIOPIA; Springall, Alejandro: FILM: LATIN AMERICA GARDENS; GENESIS, BOOK OF; INDIA; ISLAM AND Stagnaro, Juan Bautista: FILM: LATIN AMERICA JUDAISM; ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF; ISRAELITES: KINGSHIP; Stalin, Joseph: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE; EHRENBURG, ISRAELITES: RELIGION; JEROBOAM; JERUSALEM: BIBLICAL ILYA; JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE; HOLOCAUST; AND RABBINIC SOURCES; JUDAH, KINGDOM OF; KINGS, SOVIET UNION; TROTSKY

711

INDEX OF NAMES

Stangl, Franz: HOLOCAUST: CAMPS AND KILLING CENTERS; Sullivan, Louis: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY SOBIBOR;´ TREBLINKA Sulzberger, Arthur Hays: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES Stanton, Frank: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION Sulzberger, Arthur (Punch) Ochs: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES Stavans, Ilan: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs, Jr.: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES Stavinsky, Alexandre: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 Sulzberger, Mayer: PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Steel, Ronald: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH LANGUAGE) LANGUAGE) Sulzer, Salomon: CANTOR, CANTORATE: CONTEMPORARY; Steimberg, Alicia: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA CANTOR, CANTORATE: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT; Stein, Gertrude: POETRY: UNITED STATES MUSIC, RELIGIOUS; MUSIC, SYNAGOGUE Stein, Joseph: THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Susskind¨ von Trimberg: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Steinberg, Jacob: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Sussman, Eliezer: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Steinberg, Milton: ELISHA BEN ABUYA; LITERATURE: POPULAR Sutro, Adolph: SAN FRANCISCO FICTION Sutzkever, Avrom: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; LITERATURE, Steiner, George: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY; POETRY, Steinfeld, J. J.: LITERATURE: CANADA YIDDISH Steinhardt, Jacob: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY; ART, Sverdlov, Yakov: BOLSHEVISM: RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND SOVIET ISRAELI UNION Steinmetz, E. M. A.: FASHION Svirsky, Gila: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT Steinsaltz, Adin: RABBINIC ORDINATION Swope, Herbert Bayard: JOURNALISM: UNITED STATES Steinthal, S.: COHEN, HERMANN (ENGLISH LANGUAGE) Stematzky, Avigdor: ART, ISRAELI Syberberg, H. J.: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Stenberg, Peter: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Sylvanus, Erwin: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Stern, Aaron: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL Sylvia, Sarah: THEATER, YIDDISH Stern, Avraham (Yair): ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Symmachus: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS PARAMILITARY BODIES Szabo,´ Istvan:´ FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); Stern, Bill: SPORTSCASTERS HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Stern, David: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Szajna, Joszef:´ HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Stern, G. B.: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Szichman, Mario: LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA NORTH AMERICA) Szirtes, George: POETRY: BRITAIN Stern, Mendel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Szold, Benjamin and Sophie Schaar: SZOLD, HENRIETTA Stern, Steve: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900) ∗Szold, Henrietta: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT; Sternberg, Harry: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; ART, JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY; NURSING: UNITED STATES; AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 ORGANIZATIONS, WOMEN’S: NORTH AMERICA; UNITED Sternberg, Sarah Frankel: H. ASIDISM, EUROPE: WOMEN STATES, SOUTHERN Sternharz, Nathan: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO Szpilman, Wladyslaw: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Szwarcbart, Herman: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Sternheim, Carl: THEATER: EUROPE Tabak, David: SPORTS: ISRAEL Stevens, George: FRANK, ANNE; HOLOCAUST Tabib, Mordechai: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION REPRESENTATION: FILM Tabick, Jacqueline: RABBINIC ORDINATION OF WOMEN Stevens, Wallace: POETRY: UNITED STATES Tabori, George: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA; Stewart, Jon: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS THEATER: EUROPE Stieglitz, Alfred: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; PHOTOGRAPHY Tafdup, Pia: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Stih, Renata: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Taitatzak, Joseph: OTTOMAN EMPIRE; THOUGHT, EARLY Stiller, Ben: ENTERTAINMENT MODERN Stollman, Aryeh Lev: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: FICTION; Tajar, Ziona: ART, ISRAELI LITERATURE: CANADA; LITERATURE: UNITED STATES Talmon, Yaakov: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT (SINCE 1900) Talmud, Blanche: DANCE: UNITED STATES Stone, George: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASEBALL ∗Tamar (Genesis 38): MARRIAGE, LEVIRATE; PROSTITUTES, Strabo: ALEXANDRIA, ANCIENT PROSTITUTION: HEBREW BIBLE THROUGH MIDDLE AGES; Strand, Paul: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS; WOMEN, Strasberg, Lee: THEATER: UNITED STATES ANCIENT: ISRAELITE ∗Straus, Isidor, Jesse, Lazarus, Nathan: STRAUS FAMILY ∗Tamar (2 Samuel): LOVE; SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; WOMEN, ∗Straus, Oscar: STRAUS FAMILY; UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Straus, Sylvia: HESCHEL, ABRAHAM JOSHUA Tamiris, Helen: DANCE: UNITED STATES ∗Strauss, Leo: FRANKFURT AM MAIN; THOUGHT, MEDIEVAL Tammuz, Benjamin: ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN ISRAELI Strauss, Levi: FASHION; UNITED STATES, WESTERN LITERATURE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Streichman, Yehezkel: ART, ISRAELI Tanai, Levi: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Streisand, Barbra: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; FILM: UNITED Tannenbaum, Andrew: INTERNET STATES; PLATE 20 Taphath: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Streusand, Ira: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Tarfon, R.: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Strindberg, August: LITERATURE, SCANDINAVIA Tartas, David de Castro: PRINTING Struck, Hermann: ART, TWENTIETH CENTURY EUROPE Tarras, Dave: MUSIC, POPULAR Sturym, James: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Taslitzky, Boris: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Styron, William: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE; HOLOCAUST Taubman, Craig: MUSIC, RELIGIOUS REPRESENTATION: DRAMA Tavares, Morton: JAMAICA Sugarman, Lou: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: BASKETBALL Taykhtahl, Yissakhar: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Sugihara, Chiune (Sempo): HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Taylor, C. P.: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA ∗Sulam, Sarra Copia: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Taylor, Paul: DANCE: UNITED STATES

712

INDEX OF NAMES

Tchernikhovsky, Saul: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW; PRESIDENTS; WEIZMANN, CHAIM; ZIONISM: UNITED SECULARISM STATES Tehomi, Avraham: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Trumpeldor, Yosef: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND PARAMILITARY BODIES PARAMILITARY BODIES; ISRAEL, STATE OF: YOUTH Teitelbaum, Joel: H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; HOLOCAUST: MOVEMENTS THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; JUDAISM, ORTHODOX: ULTRA Trunk, Y. Y.: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH ORTHODOX Trypho: HASMONEAN DYNASTY Tekinalp, Mo¨ıse Cohen: OTTOMAN EMPIRE Tsalka, Dan: LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION Teller, Y. L.: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: FROM 1800 TO Tschacbasov, Nahum: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Tsvetaeva, Marina: LITERATURE: BRITAIN Tenn, William: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Tsimerman, Hayim Yisrael: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Terah: ABRAHAM; SARAH RESPONSES Terk, Sonia: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Tucker, Richard: CELEBRITIES Terna, Frederick: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Tucker, Sophie: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS; FILM: UNITED Terquem, Lazare: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 STATES; THEATER: UNITED STATES Terquem, Olry: JUDAISM, REFORM: FRANCE Tumarkin, Igael: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART; ART, Teutsch, David: JUDAISM, RECONSTRUCTIONIST ISRAELI Thaarup, Thomas: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Tur-Malka, Ayin (Aliza Greenberg): LITERATURE, HEBREW: Thalberg, Irving: FILM: UNITED STATES WOMEN WRITERS, 1882–2010 Theodotion: BIBLE: TRANSLATIONS AND TRANSLATORS Turk, Nathan: FASHION Theodotos: SYNAGOGUES, ANCIENT Turk, Rifat: SPORTS: ISRAEL Thiers, Adolphe: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 Turkov, Mark: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: YIDDISH Thing, Morton: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Turkow, Jonas: THEATER, YIDDISH Thomashefsky, Bessie: THEATER, YIDDISH Turkow, Mark: ARGENTINA Thomashefsky, Boris: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; THEATER, Turkow, Zygmunt: THEATER, YIDDISH YIDDISH Turturro, John: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) Tiberius Julius Alexander: PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA Tuviah ha-Cohen: THOUGHT, EARLY MODERN Tian, Ai: CHINA Uhry, Alfred: MORTARA AFFAIR; THEATER: UNITED STATES; Tiempo, Cesar:´ LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN AMERICA THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS; UNITED STATES, Tiglath-Pileser II: ASSYRIA SOUTHERN Tilzer, Albert (Gumbinski) von: SPORTS, UNITED STATES: Ulitskaya, Lyudmila: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION BASEBALL (IN RUSSIAN); LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE Timerman, Jacobo: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN Ullman, Liv: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II); AMERICA LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA Tiktiner, Rivkah bas Meir: PRAGUE; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN Ullman, Micha: ART, ISRAELI EUROPE Ulmer, Edgar G.: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava: THOUGHT, MODERN Umar II: DHIMMI Tirzah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Unsdorfer, Shlomoh Zalman: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL Titus: JEWISH WAR, FIRST; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE RESPONSES ∗Tobiads Uri, Aviva: ART, ISRAELI Todrosi, Todros: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES Uri, Bezalel ben: ART, ISRAELI Tofel, Jennings: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Uriah: BATHSHEBA; DAVID; DAVID: POST-BIBLICAL Toledano, Eliezer: PRINTING TRADITIONS Tolkin, Viktor: HOLOCAUST MEMORIALS Uris, Leon: FILM: UNITED STATES; LITERATURE: POPULAR Toller, Ernst: THEATER: EUROPE FICTION Tolstoy, Leo: KOOK, ABRAHAM ISAAC; OZ, AMOS Ury, Lesser: ART, EUROPE: TWENTIETH CENTURY Topol: FILM: UNITED STATES Utevsky, Lev: SOVIET UNION: JEWISH MOVEMENT, 1967–1989 Torres, Luis de: COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER; JAMAICA Uziel, Danny: DANCE: UNITED STATES Touro, Isaac: NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND Uziel, Judah: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Touro, Judah: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Uzziah: EDOM Tousk, Jacob: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS TO 1700 Vagnenkos, Alejandro: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Toussenel, Alphonse: ANTISEMITISM: France, 1789–1939 Valabregue,` Albin: THEATER: EUROPE Touvier, Paul: HOLOCAUST TRIALS Valentinus: GNOSTICISM Tracy, Arthur: RADIO: UNITED STATES Vall, Claudia: DANCE: UNITED STATES Trager, Abraham Isaac: FASHION Valle, David: LUZZATTO, MOSES H. AYYIM Treitel, Jonathan: POETRY: BRITAIN Vanzetti, Bartolomeo: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Treitschke, Heinrich von: ANTISEMITISM; GRAETZ, HEINRICH Vapnyar, Lara: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Trendelenburg, Adolf: COHEN, HERMANN NORTH AMERICA) Trilling, Lionel: MENORAH ASSOCIATION Vardi, Yair: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Trocme,´ Andre:´ HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Varnhagen, Rahel Levin: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS ∗Trotsky, Leon: BOLSHEVISM: RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND SOVIET (EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA); WOMEN, MODERN: UNION; EHRENBURG, ILYA; RUSSIA; SAINT PETERSBURG CENTRAL EUROPE Trotta, Marcelo: FILM: LATIN AMERICA Vashti: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS Trotta, Margarethe von: FILM: EUROPE (POST-WORLD WAR II) Veen, Jan: DANCE: UNITED STATES ∗ Truffaut, Franc¸ois: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Verbermacher, Hannah Rachel: H. ASIDISM, EUROPE: WOMEN; Truman, Harry S.: HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS IN AMERICA; MYSTICISM, WOMEN AND ISRAEL, STATE OF: FOUNDING OF THE MODERN STATE; Verbitsky, Bernardo: LATIN AMERICA; LITERATURE: LATIN UNITED STATES: POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT; UNITED STATES AMERICA

713

INDEX OF NAMES

Vertlib, Vladimir: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Wasserstein, Wendy: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE Vespasian: JEWISH WAR, FIRST; ROME, ROMAN EMPIRE AND NORTH AMERICA); THEATER: UNITED STATES; Veuillot, Louise: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 THEATER, UNITED STATES: PLAYWRIGHTS Victor, Meir: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Wastberg,¨ Per: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA ∗Vilna Gaon, Elijah ben Solomon Zalman: BALTIC STATES; Waszynski, Michal: DYBBUK ETHICAL WILLS; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; KABBALAH; MUSAR Weaver, Pat: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION MOVEMENT; TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES; Weber, Joe: THEATER: UNITED STATES VILNA; ZALMAN, SCHNEUR BEN BARUCH Weber, Max: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; PLATE 16 Visconti, Luchino: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Weichert, Mikhl: THEATER, YIDDISH Vishniac, Roman: PHOTOGRAPHY Weidman, Jerome: FILM: UNITED STATES Vital, H. ayyim ben Joseph: DYBBUK; KABBALAH; KABBALAH, Weil, Godchaux: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION LURIANIC; LURIA, ISAAC; NUMEROLOGY (GEMATRIA); Weill, Kurt: BERLIN; THEATER: UNITED STATES SAFED; WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE; MYSTICISM, Weinberg, Yehiel: BERKOVITS, ELIEZER WOMEN AND Weinfeld, Abraham: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Vital, Shabetay ben Yaacob: LITERATURE, LADINO Weinfeld, Yocheved: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Vitkind, Hillel: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Weininger, Otto: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Vivelin “The Red” of Strasbourg: MONEY LENDING: MEDIEVAL Weinreich, Uriel: YIDDISH DICTIONARIES AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE Weinstein, Gal: ART, ISRAELI Vizonsky, Nathan: DANCE: UNITED STATES Weisel, Mindy: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: ART Vogel, David: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY Weislitz, Yankev: THEATER, YIDDISH Vogel, Julius: NEW ZEALAND Weiss, Peter: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: DRAMA; Voinovich, Vladimir: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA (IN RUSSIAN) Weissbort, Daniel: POETRY: BRITAIN Voorsanger, Elkan C.: UNITED STATES: MILITARY CHAPLAINCY Weissler, Chava: WOMEN: EARLY MODERN EUROPE Vrba, Rudolf: HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE ∗Weizmann, Chaim: BALFOUR DECLARATION; BRITISH Waszynski, Michal: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE MANDATE OVER PALESTINE; BUBER, MARTIN; EINSTEIN, Waddington, Miriam: LITERATURE: CANADA ALBERT; ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS; Wajcman, Gerard:´ LITERATURE: FRANCE JERUSALEM, 1948–1967; ZIONISM; ZIONISM: UNITED Wajsbrot, Cecile:´ LITERATURE: CONTEMPORARY EUROPE; STATES LITERATURE: FRANCE Weltsch, Felix: BUBER, MARTIN ∗Wald, Lillian: DANCE: UNITED STATES; NURSING: UNITED ∗Wengeroff, Pauline: WOMEN, MODERN: EASTERN EUROPE STATES; SOCIAL WORK: UNITED STATES Wentworth, Frederick: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Waldenberg, Eliezer: ABORTION Werfel, Franz: HABSBURG EMPIRE; LITERATURE: CENTRAL Waldman, Ayelet: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION EUROPE Waldman, JT: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS; LITERATURE: Wergeland, Henrik: LITERATURE: SCANDINAVIA POPULAR FICTION Wertheim, Noa: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Waldman, Louis Labele: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; MUSIC, Wertheimer, Jack: EDUCATION, NORTH AMERICA: RELIGIOUS SUPPLEMENTAL SCHOOLS Waldman, Suzyn: SPORTSCASTERS Wertheimer, Samson: HABSBURG EMPIRE Walkowitz, Abraham: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940 Wesker, Arnold: LITERATURE: BRITAIN; THEATER: BRITAIN Wallach, Yonah: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, Wessely, Naphtali Herz: BIBLICAL COMMENTARY: MIDDLE AGES 1882–2010; POETRY, MODERN HEBREW TO 1800; HASKALAH; LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Wallant, Edward Lewis: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: Wetzler, Alfred: HOLOCAUST RESISTANCE FICTION White, William Charles: CHINA Wallenberg, Raoul: JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE; Wieler, Jossi: THEATER: EUROPE HOLOCAUST RESCUERS; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: Wierner, Hans: DANCE: UNITED STATES TELEVISION ∗Wiesel, Elie: ARGENTINA; CELEBRITIES; HOLOCAUST Wallich, Isaac: LITERATURE, YIDDISH: BEGINNINGS LITERATURE: FICTION; HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: TO 1700 TELEVISION; HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES; Walter, Bruno: BERLIN LITERATURE: FRANCE; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: Walter, Hubert: ENGLAND: MIDDLE AGES YIDDISH; PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Walzer, Michael: BIBLE: REPRESENTATIONS OF WAR AND LANGUAGE); THEOLOGY PEACE Wieseltier, Meir: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Wandor, Michelene: POETRY: BRITAIN Wigman, Mary: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Warburg, Felix M.: JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE Wilbushewitcz, Mania: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Warburg, Frieda Schiff: JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY PARAMILITARY BODIES Warﬁeld, David: THEATER: UNITED STATES Wilder, Gene: FILM: UNITED STATES Warhol, Andy: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940 Willette, Adolphe: ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939 Warner, Harry and Jack: FILM: UNITED STATES Williams, Sir Evan Owen: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Warski, Adolf: COMMUNISM: EASTERN EUROPE Williams, Hank: FASHION Washington, Booker T.: UNITED STATES: CIVIL RIGHTS Williams, William Carlos: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW MOVEMENT Wilson, Woodrow: BRANDEIS, LOUIS D.; STRAUS FAMILY; Washington, George: NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND; UNITED UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS; WORLD WAR I: IMPACT ON STATES PRESIDENTS AMERICAN JEWS Waskow, Arthur: ETHICS, ENVIRONMENTAL; JUDAISM: JEWISH Wimpﬁn, Alexander: MEIR BEN BARUKH OF ROTHENBURG RENEWAL MOVEMENT Wine, Sherwin: JUDAISM, HUMANISTIC Wasserman, Elhanan: HOLOCAUST: THEOLOGICAL RESPONSES Winograd, Garry: ART, AMERICAN: SINCE 1940; PHOTOGRAPHY Wasserman, Jacob: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Winston, H.: H. ASIDISM: NORTH AMERICA

714

INDEX OF NAMES

Winters, Shelley: FILM: UNITED STATES Zadok: SAMUEL, BOOKS OF; SADDUCEES Wirth, Christian: BEŁZECˇ Zahalon, Joseph: MEDICINE ∗Wise, Isaac Meyer: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; CHICAGO; Zaid, Alexander: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND CUSTOM (MINHAG); HEBREW UNION COLLEGE-JEWISH PARAMILITARY BODIES INSTITUTE OF RELIGION; JUDAISM, REFORM: NORTH Zajczyk, Szymon: SYNAGOGUES, WOODEN AMERICA; PERIODICALS: UNITED STATES (ENGLISH Zakkar ben Ammar: NAGID LANGUAGE); UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN ∗Zalman, Schneur ben Baruch of Liady: DOV BER OF Wise, Stephen: ART, AMERICAN: BEFORE 1940; JUDAISM, MIE¸ DZYRZECZ; H. ABAD; H. ASIDISM: EUROPE; KABBALAH; REFORM: NORTH AMERICA LOVE Wiseman, Adele: LITERATURE: CANADA Zane, Arnie: DANCE: UNITED STATES Witch of Endor: MAGIC ∗Zangwill, Israel: JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY; LITERATURE: Wohl, Herman: THEATER, YIDDISH BRITAIN; THEATER: BRITAIN Wolf, Emma: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND Zarchi, Nurit: LITERATURE, HEBREW: WOMEN WRITERS, NORTH AMERICA) 1882–2010; MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Wolfe, Humbert: POETRY: BRITAIN Zborowski, Mark: ANTHROPOLOGY Wolfskehl, Karl: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE Zebulun: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; LEAH; TRIBES, TWELVE Wolfssohn, Aaron: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH ∗Zechariah: ESCHATOLOGY: SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD; PERSIA, Wolpe, Michael: ISRAEL, STATE OF: KIBBUTZ MOVEMENT ANCIENT; ZERUBBABEL Wouk, Herman: FILM: UNITED STATES; HOLOCAUST Zechariah al-Dahiri: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: MUSLIM WORLD REPRESENTATION: TELEVISION; LITERATURE: POPULAR Zederbaum, Alexander: JOURNALISM, YIDDISH: EASTERN FICTION EUROPE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH Wright, Frank Lloyd: SYNAGOGUES: TWENTIETH Ze’ev, Yehuda Leib ben: LITERATURE, HEBREW: HASKALAH CENTURY Ze’evi, Arik: SPORTS: ISRAEL Wyschogrod, Michael: AESTHETICS; THOUGHT, MODERN Zeffren, Ilana: LITERATURE: GRAPHIC NOVELS Xiphilinus: JEWISH WAR, SECOND Zeﬁra, Bracha: MUSIC, POPULAR Yaffe, James: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Zehavi, David: ISRAEL, STATE OF: KIBBUTZ MOVEMENT Yahalom, Lippa: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE Zeira, R.: AMORAIM ARCHITECTURE Zeira, Mordecai: MUSIC: POPULAR Yahia, Mona: MEMOIR AND LIFE WRITING: MIZRAH. I Zelda (Shneurson Mishkowsky): LITERATURE, HEBREW: Yamposky, Berta: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL WOMEN WRITERS, 1882–2010; POETRY, MODERN Yanait, Rahel: LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948 HEBREW ∗Yehoshua, A. B.: ADULTERY; ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN Zelophehad: ISRAELITES: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY; WOMEN, ISRAELI LITERATURE; FILM: ISRAEL; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS ISRAELI FICTION Zemach, Benjamin: DANCE: UNITED STATES Yelin-Mor, Nathan: ISRAEL, STATE OF: MILITARY AND Zerah: TAMAR (GENESIS) PARAMILITARY BODIES Zerah. iah ha-Levi: FRANCE, SOUTHERN: MIDDLE AGES; POETRY, Yellin, David: ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE MOVEMENT MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE Yellin, Tamar: LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND ∗Zerubbabel: APOCRYPHA; ESCHATOLOGY: SECOND TEMPLE NORTH AMERICA) PERIOD; EXILE, BABYLONIAN; HAGGAI, BOOK OF; PERSIA, Yevtyshenko, Yevgeny: HOLOCAUST LITERATURE: POETRY ANCIENT Yezierska, Anzia: LITERATURE: UNITED STATES (SINCE 1900); Zeruiah: WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS LITERATURE: WOMEN WRITERS (EUROPE AND NORTH Zev, Yitzhak: TALMUD STUDY: MODERN APPROACHES AMERICA); LITERATURE, YIDDISH: 1800 TO TWENTY-FIRST Zevid, R.: AMORAIM CENTURY Zevit, Ziony: NEAR EAST, ANCIENT Yizhar, S. (Yizhar Smilansky): ARABS: REPRESENTATIONS IN Zhvanetsky, Mikhail: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION ISRAELI LITERATURE; ISRAEL, STATE OF: PEACE (IN RUSSIAN) MOVEMENT; LITERATURE, HEBREW: ISRAELI FICTION; Zilpah: ISRAELITES: TRIBES; JACOB; LEAH; TRIBES, TWELVE; LITERATURE, HEBREW: THE YISHUV, 1880–1948; MEMOIR WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL REPRESENTATIONS AND LIFE WRITING: HEBREW Zimler, Richard: LITERATURE: POPULAR FICTION Yom Tov Joigney: POETRY, MEDIEVAL: CHRISTIAN EUROPE; Zinberg, Israel: SAINT PETERSBURG TOSAFISTS Zinger, Arie: THEATER: EUROPE Yom Tov ibn Asevilli: DINA DE-MALKHUTA DINA Zinoviev, Grigory: BOLSHEVISM: RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND SOVIET Yona, Moshe: LURIA, ISAAC UNION Yorinks, Arthur: DANCE: UNITED STATES Zipporah: JETHRO; MOSES; WOMEN, ANCIENT: BIBLICAL Yosef, Ovadia: ISRAEL, STATE OF: POLITICAL PARTIES REPRESENTATIONS Young, Andrew: UNITED STATES: AFRICAN AMERICAN – Ziv-Ayal, Ruth: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL JEWISH RELATIONS Zohar, Uri: FILM: ISRAEL Young, Boaz: THEATER, YIDDISH Zola, Emile:´ ANTISEMITISM: FRANCE, 1789–1939; DREYFUS Young, Clara: THEATER, YIDDISH AFFAIR Young, Robert: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Zolotarevsky, Isidore: FILM: YIDDISH-LANGUAGE; THEATER, Youngman, Henny: COMEDY AND COMEDIANS YIDDISH Youngman, Yossi: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE ISRAEL Zolotkoff, Leon: CHICAGO Yulee, David: UNITED STATES, SOUTHERN Zorn, John: MUSIC, POPULAR Yungman, Moshe: POETRY, YIDDISH Zubari, Shahar: SPORTS: ISRAEL Yushkevich, Semyon: LITERATURE: RUSSIA AND SOVIET UNION Zuckerman, Nava: DANCE: PRE- AND POST-STATE (IN RUSSIAN) ISRAEL Zach, Natan: POETRY, MODERN HEBREW Zuckermandel, Samuel: TOSEFTA Zadek, Peter: THEATER: EUROPE Zuckor, Adoph: FILM: UNITED STATES

715

INDEX OF NAMES

Zukofsky, Louis: POETRY: UNITED STATES Zweig, Arnold: LITERATURE: CENTRAL EUROPE; THEATER: Zundel,¨ Ernst: HOLOCAUST TRIALS EUROPE ∗Zunz, Leopold: GERMANY; KROCHMAL, NACHMAN; THOUGHT, Zweig, Stefan: HABSBURG EMPIRE; LITERATURE: CENTRAL MODERN; WISSENSCHAFT DES JUDENTUMS EUROPE; VIENNA Zur, Dan: ISRAEL, STATE OF: LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Zwick, Edward: HOLOCAUST REPRESENTATION: FILM Zwartendijk, Jan: HOLOCAUST RESCUERS Zwirner, Ernst: SYNAGOGUES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Zweifel, Eliezer: HASKALAH Zworykin, Vladmir: BROADCASTING: RADIO AND TELEVISION

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