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Military Revi W December 1973

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Military Revi W December 1973 Military Revi w December 1973 . -US ~RMY COM~"AND AND GENERAL STAff COLLEGE, fORT LEAVENWORTH, UNSA$ COMMANDANT DEPUTY COMMANDANT IBrlgwJJier (i1(!w.rmJJR llJeuaillJliiBloa lL. llil€llV"rl80fil Editor in Chief Production Editor co/[, o. W. r.Jar&. 111. Helen f,§.HaU Associate Editor Spanish-American Editor co/[, Allred I. !,jeer: LTC Neator IL. Bevvloo Army Wall" Colleoe Assistant Editor Brazilian Editors LTC R. GleliEl l4eCue COIL 1000 OliliilJ4o lfUho LTC Hm:lle Ii'lIkllerlo Features Editor Publication Officer /IfAI louph B. lihirkw /If/U Steven B. Bortelo Managing Editor Art and Design CPT Ref;ei'S C. ClI/I!IJonalt'J lerome Po Seheele I MilitaryReview Professional Journal of the US Army ARTICLES Logistical Base for the West • • • • . • COL Forrest R. Blackburn, USAR 3 Division Defensive Operations • • • • •• MAl Michael A. Molino, USA 13 Commitment, Disengagement and the Nixon Doctrine .• Donald Kelly Jones 27 Historic Barracks Restored • • . • •• •••••.•• '39 Yugoslav Totallllational Defense • • • • • • A. Ross Johnson 40 The Multinational Phenomenon • • • • • • . LTC Harold L. Jones, USA 47 LiteralY Leanings • • • • . • • • . • . • • John OnSlow 55 Southeast Asia: New Perspective • • • • WG CDR M. K. Chopra, Indi~n AF, Ret 60 L~adership • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 69 New Warrant Officers for the Soviet Armed Forces • • • '. • John Erickson 70 Middle East strategic Factors • . • • • • ~,1A1 Melvin J. Stanford, USAR 78 IJEPAR1ifiim'll'S Reader Forum • 2 Articles of Interest 92' PIIilitalY Notes 94 Military 800ks • 101 COVER Stotsenburg Hall, Fort Leavenworth, about 1870 befora the second story was added to the center section. Built in 1859 as an ordnance arsenal worksbop, this building later served as quartermaster shop, barracks, officers' quarters and now finance offices. READER fORUM ~111taryIPollticai OffIcer After reading Captain Walter "R" Thomas' srtl· He was a political/military officer, but, when cle, "And Another Thing I'U Say After I Rellre," the time ceme for advancement, he was passed In the Juno issue of the I.tliHaly 110111l1l1I, I am ovar....probably in favor of those with "command prompted to air my thoughts Cl\ tha pressing re­ lime." He has retired and is now thlt vice presi· qulrament to get more military officers Into the dent of a large civilian flrm doing business not area of mllitary/politlcel reporting. Naturally, my only with the country where he had served as at· views have been Influenced censlderably by two tscM but worldwide. The business world recog· tours of allach6 duty and, in addition, by service nized his worth but the Army did not. with a, military assistance advisory group. If we, the military, want our voices heard In Can the military learn from past mistakes? the making of foreign policy, wa must have of· VIetnam, Laos and cambodia should have taught ficers trained in both military and political report· us that combat In an Insurgency situation is not ing. These officers must heve a chanco of advanc­ merely taking ground and killing the enemy, but ing to fiag rank. Some have in the past, bul this is also e polilicel war for the minds and gcodwill has been exceedingly rare. of the population. The Anny still insists on com­ The State Department has taken over the po­ mand ss the criterion of the bed officer. If this litical/military reporting, and It should not always Is not so, then why Is tho term "command se­ be so. Embassies that have pollticel(military sec· lecled" used? ObviouslY, if you are not nominated tions structure the sections so that they are al· for a command job, you are not in the select few. ways headed by a civilian 1If at least First Secre­ I am convinced that a few good officers trained tary rank. Why has the military allowed the State in both political and military sciences would be Department to preempt this Important part of the worth many times over the same number of of· Country Team? Is It that 1'18 do not have the ex· flcars trained primarily for command positions pertlse and/or tho qualified personnel to do the with a few years of staff duty in between com­ job? Is it because of a lack of appreciation for mand assignments. Unfortunately, your chances the importance of this type of reporting? Or is it for advancement are drastically lowcred if you that the military is 50 years behind the limes and devote more than ono tour in tho politlcal/mlli· stili believes that military officers should do mill· tary field. tary reporting only? Granted thai In the old na­ I refer specifically to the military attach6 field tions with stable governments such as England, in this context. As an example, almost everyone Australia, Canada and Sweden, the civilian politi· connected with tho military ettach6 field knows cal officer is more al home and at ease with his the following case history. An officer who was counterparts and shOUld do the major part of the acknowledged to be one of the best military at· political reporting. On the other side of the coin tacMs and with more influence in hIs country of are the newer countrias (emerging nations if you accreditation than thO ambassador was never will) which often have a military government. In promoted to brigadier goneral. A lieutenant gen­ those casas, the US military officers should be the eral of the nation concerned lold me that this contact and the heed of any military/pollticel attacM knew more generals and had been to section. moro military installatlon$ in the country than he The military has a buUNn vehicle to do this (the general) had. He said the man was the most Job-the Defense Attech6 Offica. But the military trusted Amerlcen in his country. This attecM aIIncb4's training is to report on the mll,ltary of studied and knew the polltlcel situation and did the host country. Little If any time is spent on not confine himself to military reporting. My the more important part, tha political side. Much knowledge of this officer Is sach that I am con­ bas been written in military joumals about tinder­ vinced he could have dona the'same in any coun· try to which he would have been nsigned. lcontlnued on __ 111) 2 flllllbI7 RevieW ( READER fORUM (continned ,..... P.... 2) Since optimistic projections of t~e speed of standing the people and that military victories armor adVance were peoh-pOohed in the 20s and will not always win the countryside. But it seems 30s by the defenders of 'orthodoxy, it seems that this is es far as It gets. worthwhile to consider new technIques. The air­ The number of rifles, artillery pieces and air­ cushion vehicle mode In armor bas been evolving craft are the least important reports of these new unevenly in the last few years, but the Soviets military governments. More important are'atti­ have been worldng in the area since the late tudes, political leanings andfulure plans. Mllitary 195Ds. officers can talk to each other comfortably be­ Even foreswearing such an exotic new vector, cause of mutual interests and similar backgrounds. is it not true that the motorized armies of the Thus, in any country with a government in Which Second World War and even today ignored J. F. C. military men predominate, the Army/Air Force/­ Fuller's insistence that all elements of 8 truly Naval Attachb should be a prima source of p0­ mobile army would flave to be tracked to avoid litical reporting. But they must have the training the inertia of road-binding? A good part of the to do this reporting. Where we now get this type German end Russian Armies were horsedrewn. of reporting, this can be attributed to the ap. Perllaps the Soviets have wOrked out a leapfrog titude, interest and self Instruction 0' the officers or rolllng system of atteck and logistical followup. involved. Their skills at aerial resupply suggest closer ex­ With the drawdown of our military forces, the amination of that mode. : mood of Congress, and the concern of the people Most conspicuous in Mr. Record's analysis was in the United States over the high cost of the an omission of Soviet armor operatiOns during military, we must be in a pOsition to Interpret 1942-45. But let me adcfthat I thInk this kind of foreign governments' intents and purposes cor­ article Is extremely valu3ble in its attempt to rectly in order to keep -our military spending in analyze configurations and look at military prob­ the correct priority. lems from a hardheeded and quantified aspect. The quest/on comes down to this-Do we want It underlines how much is not known about basic to accept the judgment of civilians in the State military dynamics. I hope Mr. Record keeps slug· Department, or do we want trained military offi­ ging in this dimension since there are far too cers to give us the benefit born of their military many assumptions made on a weak data base. and their pOlitical training? I contend that we lIegor A. Beaumont must have the latter not only for the benefit of ASSIlelm Profemr of Orplllulieft· SclaDca the Armed Services but for the Government of the University of WiSCInsiR United States. To get the needed outstanding officers into the system, we must make this sort of career more fill The final footnote to Jeffrey Record's "Armored worthwhile. We must show that attach!! duty is Advance Rates: A Historical Inquiry" in the Sep. not a dead-end street. tember issue of the Mllitery lIewlsw refers to the If we continue as we have in the past, we will Red Army's "Iighlning occupation of Manchuria" always be dependent upon Ii strictlY civilian view as meriting detailed investigation.
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