The Pattington Chicago

INTRODUCTION The Pattington residential campus in the Buena Park neighborhood of Chicago is a picturesque record of the City’s ideals at the beginning of the 20th century. This was a time when residents of the young and gritty city dreamed of gracious lives in homes of quiet dignity where they could relax in parklike surroundings, even as they lived in densely populated neighborhoods. For dignity, Chicagoans constructed residences with architectural styles drawn from classical antiquity and the renaissance. For relaxation, they developed green spaces of every size from window boxes to Lincoln Park, Chicago’s largest park. They also developed the courtyard apartment building, which combined these elements in a multi-family dwelling. This picture booklet highlights features of the Pattington that provide glimpses of these ideals when the Pattington was new. It examines the place of the Pattington in the construction of Chicago’s green spaces and in the development of the city’s residential architecture.

THE PATTINGTON The Pattington residences are composed of two apartment buildings. One is a building with two courtyards that face Irving Park Road to the south.

This building, built in the years 1902-1904, was designed by architect David E. Postle for the original owner, James E. Patton, and constructed by Telford and McWade Builders. The American Institute of Architects has described it as “Chicago’s best courtyard building.” Architecture historian Carroll William Westfall has said it is the closing monument of a Chicago “classical style” of residential architecture that lasted from 1893 to 1904.

The second Pattington building faces Bittersweet Place to the north.

This building, completed in 1906, was designed by architect Andrew Sandregen for the next owner, Edward Shellaberger. Westfall has noted that the Bittersweet building is the first example on Chicago’s north side of a Tudor apartment building, the next prominent Chicago residential style after the classical period.

THE ARCHITECTS David Postle, who designed the Pattington courtyard building, also designed many fine buildings in Elgin, Illinois, where he lived. These included: The Elgin Public Museum

The Lords Park Pavilion

Postle designed this prairie-style duplex residence at 54-56 North Liberty Street, Elgin. He lived in the unit on the right. Postle designed more than 25 homes in Elgin.

Postle moved to the Los Angeles area in 1921, where he continued to design fine residences. One was the Gunther House at 1960 Mendocino in Altadena, north of Pasadena.

Westfall has described Andrew Sandregen, who designed the Pattington Bittersweet building, as “one of the important apartment designers in Chicago.”

Sandregen designed hundreds of multi-family dwellings in the Chicago area.

His buildings include

813-819 West Buena Avenue Chicago

The Aztec Fullerton and Lincoln Park West, Chicago

1235 North Astor Street, Chicago

THE CITY AND THE GARDEN Like many courtyard buildings in Chicago, the Pattington reflects an affection for green spaces. This affection is displayed not only in the Pattington courtyards, but also in the small park to the side of the Bittersweet building, which residents have used as a garden as well as a park. Chicagoans have admired green spaces from the city’s beginning. Promptly after the city was incorporated in 1837, the city council decided to create a municipal seal that would symbolize the city’s present and future.

Among other things, the Chicago seal contained the motto “Urbs in Horto,” Latin for “City in a Garden,” placed on a banner under a stack of wheat. The wheat can be seen more clearly in the 1905 version of the seal, on the right, than in the original version, on the left.

In 1837, the only existing garden near Chicago was the unspoiled Eden of tallgrass prairie that extended west and south of the city. In the words of the 1909 Plan of Chicago, this “boundless prairie carpeted with waving grass bedecked with brilliant wild flowers” (the dark green area of the map) covered two thirds of Illinois, as well as great parts of other nearby states.

The city fathers knew that Chicago’s primary garden of the future would be great fields of wheat, growing on the rich soil of the tallgrass prairie.

This soil would become the energy source for a blaze of human activity as Chicago grew from a town of 150 in 1833 to a city of more than 1 million in 1890, the second- largest city in the United States. Chicago’s business district became intensely busy, without any place to relax in natural surroundings.

Downtown Chicago in 1893

Chicagoans, however, expressed the “city in a garden” ideal through a proliferation of window boxes, small parks and large parks, including eventually the 1200-acre Lincoln Park. According to architecture historian Daniel Bluestone, gardens and parks became a key part of constructing Chicago.

In the 1800s some Chicagoans sought refuge from the intensity of city life in visits to Lake View, a town north of Chicago. Bluestone has noted the importance of these visits to the formation of Chicago’s Buena Park neighborhood.

The town of Lake View, outlined here in an 1862 map, extended along the shore of Lake Michigan from North Avenue to Devon Avenue in Chicago today.

For property tax purposes, Pattington residents and their neighbors still hold real estate in the Township of Lake View.

The spirit of Lake View residents was described in an 1876 article in the Chicago Daily Tribune: Residents are so contented in a state of simple existence that no exertions are made for the sake of society, and an outsider would call it quiet. But the people of this town don’t propose to get excited just for

the sake of show, and, knowing their own capabilities for enjoyment, are indulging in the dolce far niente [the sweetness of doing nothing]. Beginning in the 1850s, many prosperous Chicagoans began to visit a hotel in Lake View known as Lake View House.

Lake View House

This hotel was located on Grace Street a short distance from present-day Lake Shore Drive.

Lake Michigan then lay where Lake Shore Drive now passes Grace Street.

Walter L. Newberry, an early visitor to Lake View House, looked at the lake from the hotel’s front porch and suggested the hotel’s name. Newberry, for whom Chicago’s Newberry Library is named, was president of Chicago’s first railroad, the Galena & Chicago Union. Some prominent Chicagoans began to reside at Lake

View House from April to September every year, making the hotel a multi-family dwelling for the summer, a precursor to the Pattington and other later Chicago multi- family residences. In the 1850s, a leading early Chicago real estate agent and developer, Samuel H. Kerfoot, created a 10-acre private park near the lake on the north side of Graceland Avenue (now Irving Park Road). The 3-acre Pattington campus now lies in the area once occupied by Kerfoot Park.

Kerfoot noted that his park was the first work of artistic landscape gardening in the Midwest and the most thoroughly landscaped park west of New York City until Lincoln Park was beautified.

According to Bluestone, the park featured “an extensive carriage drive, shaded by planted evergreens, artificial ponds crossed by bridges, and rustic arbors, steps, and seats.” Kerfoot opened his park to the public in its early years, and it became a precursor to Lincoln Park. Kerfoot later obtained the first authorization from the Illinois legislature to establish Lincoln Park, and he eventually turned his private park into a personal residence.

Lake View House and Kerfoot Park were early examples of several Chicago getaway destinations that would grow into the Buena Park neighborhood. Other destinations included

Graceland Cemetery

Established in 1860, Graceland Cemetery became a popular place for visits by Chicagoans. They followed a practice of many Americans in the 1800s, before the creation of large public parks, to treat cemeteries as parkland.

U.S. Marine Hospital

Located on the grounds of today’s Walt Disney Magnet School, the U.S. Marine Hospital was built in 1873 to provide health care to the merchant marine of the Great Lakes. Visitors used its landscaped grounds as a park.

In 1860 James B. Waller created a 53-acre estate he called Buena and built a residence called Buena House.

Waller’s house stood on the present site of St. Mary of the Lake Church at 4220 North Sheridan Road.

In the 1880s Waller turned part of his estate into a residential development of 50-foot lots called Buena Park. This development was part of an area annexed by Chicago in 1889.

Buena Park

Buena Park retained its suburban character after it became a city neighborhood. In 1896 the North Shore Suburban newspaper described Buena Park as one of “the imperial suburbs of Chicago.” Buena Park was said to be famed “no less for its natural beauty than for its refined, intellectual and god-fearing citizens.” The newspaper described residents relaxing on their porches in the cool of the evening and “listening to the plaintive melodies of the bugler at the Marine Hospital or exchanging confidences in horticulture.”

One Buena Park resident was the famed architect William LeBaron Jenney, who lived in a villa on Bittersweet Place. Jenney invented steel frame building construction, which he used to build the upper stories of the world’s first skyscraper, Chicago’s Home Insurance Building.

The Home Insurance Building stood on the northeast corner of LaSalle and Adams before it was replaced by the art deco Field Building. Jenney as a young man studied architecture in Paris, where he learned about techniques used by medieval architects to build cathedrals with great windows. His Second Leiter Building on State Street has been called “a cathedral of commerce” because Jenney used steel-frame construction to produce its large-window design. According to Jenney, he got the idea for steel frame construction when he saw his wife place a large book on a birdcage as he was arriving at his home on Bittersweet Place.

Another resident of Buena Park was the poet Eugene Field, who lived at Clarendon and Hutchinson and whose poetry celebrated the antics of children. Field’s poems include “The Duel,” also known as “The Gingham Dog and the Calico Cat,” “Wynken, Blynken and Nod,” and “Little Boy Blue.”

The title of Field’s poem “The Delectable Ballad of Waller Lot,” refers to property owned by James Waller, and “Jest Fore Christmas” appears to tell the story of a boy who played in Buena Park: Love to chanwk green apples An’ go swimmin’ in the lake.

WHEN THE PATTINGTON WAS NEW

The Pattington courtyard building was an endeavor to recreate the quiet and privacy of a neighborhood of single family homes.

To accomplish this, architect David Postle placed sound baffles between the units, including load-bearing walls between the tiers of apartments and 8-inch slabs of concrete between the floors. To support the concrete, Postle used steel frame construction in the building’s interior. A commentator for Inland Architect in 1903 wrote that the Pattington was “like a group of large private mansions with beautiful private parks binding them together in one social circle.” Other features of the Pattington reveal that it was designed to attract “refined” citizens as residents. It featured a “tea room,” also described as an “elegant café,” and an “automobile room” in the basement, where residents could wash their cars. On a walk behind the courtyard building, one can still see the steep ramp that led down to this room.

A type of automobile that would have been washed in the “automobile room”

The courtyard building also had a private telephone system that allowed residents to speak with each other. In 1920, the residents of the Pattington included 10 company presidents, five lawyers and three doctors.

A marketing brochure prepared for the Pattington’s opening spoke of its “commanding a beautiful view of Lake Michigan.” Before Lake Shore Drive and Lincoln Park were extended to the east of the Pattington, the lakeshore was only 90 yards away.

The marketing brochure contained this photograph, taken while the photographer looked back from the lake, with the location of the Pattington marked on the left.

This detail of the photograph reveals the metal work of the Pattington under construction and the Marine Hospital behind the mansion.

This late-1920s photo of the Pattington, with the lakeshore mansion and Immaculata High School to the right of the mansion, reveals how close the original lakeshore was to the Pattington.

Another photograph in the early marketing brochure presented this view from the west side of the Pattington. The house in this photo was the residence that Samuel Kerfoot built on the site of Kerfoot Park.

This photo from the brochure presented a view north from the back of the Pattington courtyard building. This house was the residence of William LeBaron Jenney on Bittersweet Place.

THE PATTINGTON COURTYARD DESIGN

The most conspicuous features of the Pattington courtyard building are its classical elements: Doric columns, dentils and festoons. In several ways, however, David Postle and James Patton, architect and owner, hinted that they were presenting an architectural reference to an English manor house.

References to England may be found in the Pattington’s early “tea room” and in the building’s name. “Pattington” is an English place name in its own right, but the name is derived from the older and more familiar “Paddington,” the name of an English parish that became a metropolitan borough of London in 1900. According to Pattington oral history, the building’s name is a reference to the owner James Patton, and it may have combined his name with his wife’s maiden name, Ludington. In any event, the name of the Pattington is an etymological cousin of London’s rail terminus, Pattington Station, as well as the station’s namesake, Paddington Bear.

Paddington Station (Victorian era)

In certain respects David Postle followed the lead of architect Ralph Adams Cram in his design of Richmond Court, an 1898 apartment building in Brookline, Massachusetts. Cram would become famous for his design of university and church buildings in a Gothic revival style, including the Fourth Presbyterian Church on Chicago’s Michigan Avenue. At Richmond Court, however, Cram sought to make an apartment building look like an English manor house. As he wryly put it, Richmond Court was "the first attempt to camouflage an apartment house through the counterfeit presentment of a great Tudor mansion."

Richmond Court

Richmond Court’s English manor house design would become a precedent for many later apartment buildings.

At the Pattington, one reference to the English manor house may be found in the shape of the courtyard building, which is reminiscent of the most common plan of the Elizabethan manor house in the period 1550 to 1625. This type of manor house was shaped like a capital letter E. The Pattington’s plan is shaped like a highly elaborate E:

Pattington E

Cram took at least two specific designs from English residential architecture for Richmond Court that Postle also used in the Pattington courtyard building.

Building Edge Decoration

Crewe Hall, 1615-1636

Richmond Court

Pattington

Heraldic Entrance Decoration

Highclere Castle, 1842-49 (Downton Abbey)

Richmond Court

Postle used a form of window lintel keystone that was popular during the Edwardian period of English architecture (1901-14), when the Pattington was built. The Edwardian keystone was drawn from earlier English window designs.

Somerset House London 1775-1801

Mansion House Hurstpierpoint 1700s

Church Street London 1901-14

Pattington

For his courtyard entrances, Postle chose classical elements that placed the building in the classical period of Chicago residential architecture and drew upon ancient architectural precedents.

The architecture of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition presented classical forms to convey a glorious image that Chicagoans had of their civic enterprise, even as the city’s intense activity developed a gritty, no-nonsense business center.

The exposition had a profound effect on Chicagoans’ aesthetic sensibilities, reflected in many downtown Chicago buildings with classical forms, including the Chicago Cultural Center (1897), Navy Pier (1916), the Field Museum (1921), the Federal Reserve Bank (1922) Soldier Field (1924), Union Station (1925), Buckingham Fountain (1927), the Insurance Exchange Building (1928) and the recent Millennium Monument’s peristyle in Grant Park (2002). The exposition also provided a foundation for the 1909 Plan of Chicago’s design of public spaces.

Through the insight of architecture historian Westfall that Chicago residences often featured classical designs after the Columbian Exposition, certain of these features can be traced from ancient Greece and Rome, through the exposition, through the Chicago classical period to the Pattington. These include

Doric Columns

Parthenon Athens 483 BC

Columbian Exposition

The McConnell 1210 Astor Street 1897

Pattington

Dentils

Temple of Portunus Rome 100s BC

Columbian Exposition

Theurer Wrigley Mansion 2466 North Lakeview 1897

Pattington

Festoons

Temple of Portunus Rome 100s BC

Columbian Exposition

Theurer Wrigley Mansion 2466 North Lakeview 1897

Pattington

Postle also incorporated balustrades, an architectural design of the Italian Renaissance. This feature also can be traced through the exposition and the Chicago classical period to the Pattington.

Tempietto Rome 1501

Columbian Exposition

Patterson McCormick Mansion 20 East Burton 1893

Pattington

PATHS FORWARD

According to Pattington oral history, a low wall on the east side of the campus originally was a breakwater, built to protect the courtyard building when the Lake Michigan shore was nearby.

Pattington breakwater

By 1910, extensions of Lake Shore Drive and Lincoln Park had been constructed beyond the old shoreline.

Today the shoreline is 570 yards east of the Pattington. Lincoln Park and its breakwaters protect residences along six miles of the lakeshore. The park features a small section near the Pattington where visitors today can see some of the prairie grasses that once covered most of Illinois.

When the Pattington courtyard building was new, it looked back both literally and figuratively on the type of residence that prosperous Chicagoans favored in Buena Park and other Chicago neighborhoods, the single-family dwelling.

William LeBaron Jenney entertained guests at large dinner parties in this house with tales of his days as a young architecture student in Paris and as a military engineer with Union forces in the Civil War.

While Postle used Jenney’s steel frame construction to create a neighborhood of quiet single-family residences in an apartment building, future architects would use Jenney’s invention for high-rise multi-family residences.

They created towering high-quality Chicago dwellings such the John Hancock Building, which from 1969 to 2009 featured the highest residences in the world.

THE PATTINGTON’S CONTINUING CHARM

In 1967, Robert F. Irving entered the offices of Waller & Beckwith, owners of the Pattington, to inquire about renting an apartment. The staff advised him that no apartments were available. None would likely become available soon, they said, because there was almost no turnover among residents.

Bob Irving would become well-known as a building tour docent for the Chicago Architecture Foundation, now the Chicago Architecture Center, in particular for his development of the foundation’s boat tours in the 1980s. (“What could be nicer?” he remembered in a recent interview, “You sit on your bottoms and the buildings go by! We have to do this!”)

Irving eventually received an opportunity to live at the Pattington when it was converted to condominiums in 1977, and he has been a Pattington resident ever since. Irving’s admiration and affection for the Pattington are shared by many fellow residents.

The Pattington’s Board of Managers has steadily contributed to the rehabilitation and improvement of the buildings since 1977. In 1995 the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois awarded a Richard H. Driehaus Special Recognition Award to the Pattington Condominium Association for a window restoration and tile roof project.

Among other things, the Council praised “the Association’s ability to demand and achieve quality,” noting that it is a “tough job to work with an association and keep what you’ve got.”

The pleasing features of the Pattington do not lie in purity of architectural style, but rather in the pleasing way features from a variety of styles have been assembled. Architecture style names that might reasonably be attached to the Pattington include Classical, Elizabethan, Jacobean, Jacobethan, Palladian, Georgian, Beaux Arts, Neoclassical and Tudor.

In this respect, the beauty of the Pattington resembles the beauty of Chicago’s mixed population or the beauty of the mixed vocabularies of the English language. If architecture is a language, the words of the English Renaissance writer Sir Philip Sydney apply to the Pattington: “I know some will say it is a mingled language: and why not so much the better, taking the best of both the other? . . . But for the uttering sweetly and properly the conceit of the mind, that hath it equally with any other tongue in the world.”

Chicago architecture critic Blair Kamin has noted that architecture is an “inescapable art,” one that “connects us to those who went before us even as it represents our legacy.” In its combination of features, the Pattington has many connections to the past, with many possible meanings. By surrounding gardens with classical forms, for example, each courtyard captures a spirit of the English Renaissance, expressed in a literary tradition known as Arcadia. In this tradition, city dwellers schooled in the classics contemplated the natural world as a longed- for, healing place of refuge. The portrait also conveys the spirit of Chicago at the beginning of the 20th century. As noted by the 1909 Plan of Chicago, Chicagoans were inspired by the thought of an urban landscape combining the “dignity” of classical architecture with the “restful presence” of green spaces. The Pattington is a miniature portrait of that landscape.

Comments

This booklet owes much to the work of Carroll William (Bill) Westfall, an architecture professor and former Pattington resident who prepared the Pattington’s successful 1980 application for inclusion in the National Registry of Historic Places. In this application, Westfall provided the booklet’s theme of the Pattington’s role as part of a “classical style” of Chicago residential architecture, a style that appeared after the 1893 World’s Columbia Exposition and continued to be exhibited for the next decade. In a personal communication cited below, Westfall also identified the 1898 Richmond Court apartment building in Brookline, Massachusetts, designed by architect Ralph Adams Cram, as a precedent for the Pattington’s English-manor-house character. Westfall is professor emeritus and former chairman of the School of Architecture at Notre Dame.

The booklet also owes much to the work of Daniel Bluestone, an architecture professor who prepared the successful 1984 application of Buena Park for inclusion in the National Registry of Historic Places. Bluestone provided the booklet’s theme of Buena Park as part of a decades-long desire of Chicagoans to seek green spaces as temporary refuges from city life. The Buena Park application and Bluestone’s 1991 book Constructing Chicago also provided key information about Kerfoot Park. Bluestone now is professor of art and architecture at Boston University and director of the University’s Preservation Studies Program.

And the booklet owes much to Peter Donalek, a longtime Pattington resident and informal Pattington historian. Donalek’s collected materials and memories of Pattington oral history have provided some of the key information about Pattington history recorded here.

The booklet has been prepared under the supervision of, and with editing by, Pattington History Society members Mary Dedinsky, Peter Donalek, Ellen Fiedelholz, Carlisle Herbert, Patrick Hogan, Stan Hollenbeck, Ellen Hunt, Bob Irving, Mike Olson, George Reisch and Bill West. Text and otherwise unidentified photos have been supplied by Herbert.

The Pattington thanks Janet Franz of Sudler Property Management for her assistance in the organization of the Pattington History Society and for her facilitation of communication among its members.

Pattington Condominium Association January 2020

The following notes provide attributions to the extent we have been able to identify the sources.

Notes

Title Page Image: advertising postcard for the original Pattington, Peter Donalek collected materials (“Donalek Collection”). Content: “best courtyard building,” Alice Sinkevitch (ed.), AIA Guide to Chicago, 3rd ed., p. 235 (Univ. Illinois 2014); “closing monument,” Carroll William Westfall, 1980 Patttington Application for inclusion in the National Registry of Historic Places, Significance continuation sheet 6, January 29, 1980 (“Westfall Application”).

Page 2 Content: “best courtyard building” and “closing monument”: citations in note to Title Page.

Page 3 Image: Bittersweet building photo: screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: Tudor style of Bittersweet building: Westfall Application, Significance continuation sheets 5-6.

Page 4 Images: (1) Elgin Public Museum: Historic Elgin House Tour, republished in Dave Gathman, “House tour offers insight to historic Elgin architect,” Daily Herald, Sept. 5, 2019 (“Historic Elgin House Tour”), and (2) Lord’s Park Pavilion: DLA Architects website (accessed Sept. 2019). Gathman credits architecture major and University of

Illinois graduate Mike Zimmer for collecting much information about Postle’s life and work.

Page 5 Images: (1) 54-54 N. Liberty, Elgin: Historic Elgin House Tour, and (2) Gunther House: Michael Locke, “Postle & Postle Architects” flickr website (accessed Sept. 2019).

Page 6 Images: (1) Andrew Sandregen: Ernest W. Olson, The Swedish Element in Chicago, (1917), reprinted in “Architect Sandregen is Dead,” Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter (January 30, 1924), Foreign Language Press Survey, The Newberry (accessed Oct. 2019), and (2) 813-819 West Buena Avenue Chicago: Julia Bachrach, “Swedish Immigrants in Chicago Architectural History,” Julia Bachrach Consulting website (accessed Oct. 2019) (“Bachrach”). Content: (1) Westfall on Sandregen: Westfall Application, Significance continuation sheet 6, and (2) Sandregen’s multi-family dwellings: Bachrach.

Page 7 Images: (1) The Aztec: screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Sept. 2019) and (2) 1235 North Astor Street: Redfin website (accessed Sept 2019).

Page 8 Images: (1) 1937 City of Chicago Seal: B. J. Cigrand, “The Evolution of Chicago’s Seal,” 10th Annual Convention of the League of American Municipalities (1906) (“Cigrand”), (2) 1905 City of Chicago Seal: “The Corporate Seal of Chicago,” ChicagoCop.com website (accessed Nov. 2019), and (3) tallgrass prairie map: Theshibboleth and Howpper, United_States_Prairies.svg website (accessed Nov. 2019). Content: (1) meaning of original City of Chicago seal and “Urbs in Horto” motto: Cigrand; Daniel Bluestone, Constructing Chicago, p. 12 (Yale 1991) (“Bluestone Book”) and (2) description of “boundless prairie,” Daniel H. Burnham and Edward H. Bennett, Plan of Chicago, Centennial Edition, p. 43 (Great Books Foundation 2009) (“Plan of Chicago”).

Page 9 Images: (1) Wheatfield: Kate Deck, Standard Market Chicago website (accessed Oct. 2019), and (2) 1893 Downtown Chicago: Library of Congress, reprinted in Municipal Reference Guy, “Technology that Changed Chicago,” Chicago Public Library (Dec. 2, 2013) (accessed Oct. 2019). Content: (1) “City in a Garden” meaning and significance in Chicago urban development: Plan of Chicago, p. 43; Bluestone Book, pp. 4-13, 42; Daniel Bluestone, “Framing Landscape While Building Density: Chicago Courtyard Apartments, 1890-1929,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 76.4, pp. 519-20 (Dec. 2017) (“Bluestone Essay”) (the Chicago movement to develop green spaces produced not only major landscape parks, but also window boxes and a network of small parks and playgrounds); and (2) Chicago population in 1833 and 1890: Donald L. Miller, City of the Century, p. 64 (Simon & Schuster 1996) (“Miller”), U.S. Census for 1890 and Bluestone Essay, p. 506.

Page 10 Image: map of Lake View: W. L. Flower map, Library of Congress, republished by Garry Albrecht in “Lake View Historical Chronicles” website (“Albrecht”) (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: (1) development of Buena Park: Daniel Bluestone, 1984 Buena Park application for inclusion in the National Registry of Historic Places, Significance and continuation sheets 1-3, April 3, 1984 (“Bluestone Application”); (2) Lake View Township boundaries, Encyclopedia of Chicago; and (3) description of Lake View residents: “Lake View, Leaving Town, Beer, Politics . . . ,” Chicago Daily Tribune, July 30, 1876, republished by Albrecht (accessed Sept. 2019).

Page 11 Images: (1) Lake View House: Stephen Bedell Clark, Philip L. Schutt and Patrick Butler, Lake View Saga, p. 11 (Lake View Bank 1985) (“Saga”), and (2) map showing Lake View House: City of Chicago v. Drexel, 141 Ill. 89, 97, 30 N.E. 774 (1892). Content: Newberry and other prominent Chicagoans: Saga, pp. 11-12.

Page 12 Image: photograph of Kerfoot Park: Bluestone Book, p. 17. Content: (1) size and location of Pattington campus on the site of Kerfoot Park: (a) Samuel Kerfoot built a personal residence on the site of Kerfoot Park, Bluestone Book, p. 17, and (b) the house stood immediately west of the Pattington, Westfall Application, Description and continuation sheet 3; and (2) description of Kerfoot Park: Saga, p. 11; Bluestone Book, pp. 17-18, and Bluestone Application, Significance continuation sheet 2.

Page 13: Images: (1) Graceland Cemetery: Graceland’s Roots Video, Graceland Cemetery website (accessed Sept. 2019), and (2) Marine Hospital: Chicagology “U.S. Marine Hospitals” website (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: (1) description of Graceland Cemetery, Bluestone Application, Significance continuation sheets 2-3; and (2) description of Marine Hospital: Bluestone Application, Significance continuation sheet 3.

Page 14 Images: (1) Buena House: “Buena House, Buena Park, Uptown Chicago, Uptown Chicago History website (August 2, 2011) (accessed Oct. 2019), and (2) map of Buena Park, Buena Park Neighbors website (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: (1) description of Buena House and development of Buena Park: Bluestone Application, Significance continuation sheet 1, (2) location of Buena House on present site of St. Mary Church: lbikeuptown46, “About Buena Park: Architecture and Graceland Cemetery,” Buena Park Neighbors website (August 28, 2019) (accessed Oct. 2019), and (3) description of Buena Park suburb and citizens in North Shore Suburban newspaper: Bluestone Application, Significance.

Page 15 Images: (1) William LeBaron Jenney: Chicago Architecture Center, and (2) Eugene Field: Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, republished in Wikipedia, “Eugene Field” (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: (1) Description of Jenney: Miller, p. 335-47, and Lynn Becker, “Major Jenney Garners a Salute,” Repeat website (accessed Sept. 2019), (2) Eugene Field residence: Ben Albers, “Buena Park,” If Walls Could Talk website (accessed Nov. 2019), and (3) lines of Field poetry: Roy J. Cook (ed.), One Hundred and One Famous Poems, p. 125 (Reilly & Lee 1958).

Page 16 Photograph of Pattington: Collections of LeRoy Blommaert and Perry Casalino, republished by Chicago Architecture Center (visited Dec. 2018). Content: (1) Inland Architect quote: Westfall Application, Significance continuation sheet 2; (2) Pattington structure: Westfall Application, Description; and (3) Pattington features: (a) “tea room” and “automobile room,” Westfall Application, Description continuation sheet 2, and (b) “elegant café,” 1906 draft advertising brochure for the Pattington, Donalek Collection (“Pattington Brochure”),

Page 17 Images: (1) automobile: detail of Pattington photograph, Page 16 & note, and (2) lakeshore mansion and Pattington site: Pattington Brochure. Content: (1) Pattington private telephone system, Western Electrician, “Light Heat and Power in a Large Apartment Building, Vol. XXXIV, January 30, 1904, republished in Google Books (accessed Sept. 2019), (2) early Pattington residents: Bluestone Essay, pp. 522-23; and (3) original distance from lakeshore: (a) photographs on Page 18 and (b) Google Earth “Ruler” app.

Page 18 Images: (1) lakeshore mansion and Patttington site: detail of Page 17 photo, and (2) late 1920s photograph: published and described in Albrecht (accessed Sept. 2019).

Page 19: Images: Pattington Brochure. Content: (1) identification of Kerfoot house, Westfall Application, Description continuation sheet 3, and (2) identification of Jenney house: (a) address (60 Bittersweet Place): page 132 (Image 133) of 1905 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Chicago, Library of Congress, republished in Chicago in Maps, Sanborn Fire

iii

Insurance Maps, website (accessed Sept. 2019), and (b) Jenney’s residence at 60 Bittersweet Place: Chicago Blue Book, p. 227 (1895) and Chicago Blue Book, p. 223 (1905), HathiTrust Digital Library (accessed Nov. 2019).

Page 20: Image: period post card of Paddington Station, republished in Wikipedia “London Paddington Station” website (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: (1) etymology of the name “Pattington”: Internet Surname Database (surnamedb.com) (accessed Sept. 2019), (2) Paddington Bear: Michael Bond (creator), (3) suggestion that Pattington = Patton + Ludington (identified below), email message from Pattington resident Robert Herbst to Herbert, January 13 2020; (3) identification of Richmond Court as precedent for the Pattington courtyard building: personal communication from Westfall to Donalek, February 3, 2014 (“The precedent for the Pattington’s plan is surely the Richmond Court Apartments in Brookline, Massachusetts”), and (4) Ralph Adams Cram description of Richmond Court: Candace Jenkins, 1985 Richmond Court Application for inclusion in the National Registry of Historic Places, Significance and continuation sheet 1 (“Richmond Court Application”) Patton’s wife was born Sarah E. Ludington, the daughter of Wisconsin Governor Harrison Ludington. Patton v. Ludington, 10 Wis. 629, 79 N.W. 1073, 1075 (1899). Page 21 Images: (1) Richmond Court, screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Oct. 2019); (2) Elizabethan E-Plan: David Ross, “Elizabethan Architecture in England 1550-1625,” Britain Express website (accessed Oct. 2019) (“Elizabethan Architecture”), and (3) Pattington shape: Google Earth image. Content: (1) Richmond Court influence: Richmond Court Application, Significance continuation sheet 1, and (2) Elizabethan manor house plan: Elizabethan Architecture.

Page 22 Images: (1) Crewe Hall: detail of photo by Expresso Addict, commons.wikimedia.org (accessed Oct. 2019), and (2) Richmond Court: Andrew Sullivan, “The View from Your Window Contest: Winner #14,” Daily Dish, The Atlantic (September 7, 2010).

Page 23 Images: (1) Highclere Castle, detail of photo by Manuel Kehrli, commons.wikimedia.org (accessed Oct. 2019); and (2) Richmond Court, screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Oct. 2019).

Page 24 Images: (1) Mansion House, detail of photo by Toby Lott, commons.wikimedia.org (accessed Oct. 2019); and (2) Church Street London keystones: “Lintels,” Local Local History, locallocalhistory.co.uk (accessed Oct. 2019) (“Local Local History”). Content: (1) popularity of keystones in Edwardian Period: Local Local History, (2) date of Somerset House keystone: Somerset House History, somersethouse.org.uk (accessed Nov. 2019), and (3) date of Mansion House front: Maggie Henderson, HB Archeology and Conservation Ltd. website (accessed Oct. 2019).

Page 25 Image: photograph of Columbian Exposition, Plate 17 – Looking West from Peristyle, C.D. Arnold and H.D. Higinbotham, Project Gutenberg “Official Views of the World’s Columbian Exposition” website (“Gutenberg”) (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: Chicago’s enthusiasm for classical forms, Plan of Chicago, pp. 1, 4, 6, 11-12.

Page 26 Images: (1) Parthenon: Ancient History Encyclopedia “Parthenon” website (accessed Sept. 2019); (2) World’s Columbian Exposition: Plate 75 Government Buildings – Sweden, Hayti and New South Wales, Gutenberg; and (3) McConnell: screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Sept. 2019). Content: Chicago classical style, Westfall Application, Significance continuation sheets 3-6.

Page 27 Images: (1) Portunas Temple: Khan Academy “Temple of Portunas” website (accessed Sept. 2019), (2) Chicago Art Institute, screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Sept.

2019), and (3) Theurer Wrigley Mansion: Zol87, flickriver, Theurer Wrigley Mansion website (“Theurer Wrigley”) (accessed Sept. 2019).

Page 28 Images: (1) Portunas Temple: Figure 2 in Institute of Classical Architecture & Art Balusters website (Antoine Babuty Desgodets, Les Edifices Antiques de Rome, p. 102) (accessed Sept. 2019), (2) World’s Columbian Exposition: detail of Plate 17- Looking West from Peristyle, Gutenberg, and (3) detail of Theurer Wrigley Mansion, Theurer Wrigley.

Page 29 Images: (1) Tempietto: Figure 1, Institute of Classical Architecture & Art Balusters website (detail from Andrea Palladio, I Quattro Libri, Book IV), (2) World’s Columbian Exposition: detail from Plate 21-The Liberal Arts Building from Colonnade, Gutenberg, and (3) Patterson McCormick Mansion: screenshot of Google Street View (accessed Sept. 2019).

Page 30 Images: (1) map: detail of Rand McNally 1910 Street Number Guide Map, Encyclopedia of Chicago Maps, Chicago History Museum website (accessed Sept. 2019), and (2) Lincoln Park breakwater: Google Earth image. Content: (1) current distance from the Pattington to the lakefront: Google Earth “Ruler” app, and (2) Lincoln Park breakwater system: History of Lincoln Park, Chicago Park District website (accessed Sept. 2019).

Page 31 Images: (1) Jenney house: Pattington Brochure, and (2) John Hancock Building, Google Earth image. Content: (1) identification of Jenney house, note to Page 19, (2) Jenney dinner parties, Miller, p. 336, and (3) John Hancock Building residences: 2009 John Hancock Center webpage, Internet Archive WayBackMachine (accessed Nov. 2019).

Page 32 Content: (1) Bob Irving memories: interview by Pattington History Society member Carlisle Herbert, November 3, 2019; (2) the Driehaus Award was granted on an application prepared by Peter Donalek and submitted by the Board of Managers under the leadership of 1995 President Jill Drell; and (3) Landmark Preservation Council comments: letter from Nancy Wagner, Assistant Executive Director of the Council, to David Holton, Pattington Condominium Association, dated March 23, 1995 (Donalek Collection).

Page 33 Content: (1) Sydney comment: Philip Sidney, The Defence of Poesy, pp. 83-84 (Hilliard and Brown 1831), Google Books (accessed Nov. 2019), (2) Blair Kamin comments: Blair Kamin, Why Architecture Matters, Lessons from Chicago, pp. xiii & xxi (University of Chicago 2001); and Plan of Chicago, pp. 1, 4, 6, 11-12, 43, 50, 117.