The Graced Body

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The Graced Body The Graced Body Toward a Theology of Human Sexuality A Thesis submitted to Charles Sturt University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By The Reverend Bruce William Shaw (Brother Bruce-Paul, SSF), BA (Monash), BD (MCD, Melbourne), STM (GTS, New York) March, 2011 1 2 Table of Contents CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP ........................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 9 1.1 Engaging the Whole Body ..................................................................................... 9 1.2 Stating the thesis ................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Embodiment and grace .............................................................................................. 19 1.4 Theological background: 1940–1990 ............................................................................ 22 1.5 Recent theology: 1990–2010 ........................................................................................ 32 1.6 Scripture and sexuality ............................................................................................... 40 1.7 An inclusive interpretation of grace ............................................................................. 52 1.8 Bodily boundaries ...................................................................................................... 60 CHAPTER 2: EMBODYING HUMANITY .............................................................. 68 2.1 Karl Barth’s theological anthropology ......................................................................... 69 2.2 The Holy Spirit as the life of the human soul and body ................................................... 92 2.3 Barth’s struggle with pneumatology and anthropology .................................................. 96 CHAPTER 3: APPRECIATION AND RETRIEVAL OF KARL BARTH’S THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ..................................................................... 98 3.1 Equality and Subordination in Barth’ analogy of relations ........................................... 100 3.2 Resolving the Tension of Equality and Subordination .................................................. 102 3.3 Barth’s Difficulty with Human Nature ....................................................................... 110 3.4 The Difficulty of the Absence of the Spirit from Embodied Practices ............................. 115 3.5 Toward a fresh engagement with theological anthropology and pneumatology ................... 117 3 CHAPTER 4: EMBODYING SPIRIT ..................................................................... 119 4.1 Moltmann’s theological anthropology: embodiment .................................................... 123 4.2 Moltmann’s theological anthropology: the ―imago Dei‖ ............................................... 124 4.3 Moltmann’s Social Trinity ........................................................................................ 132 4.4 The Holy Spirit and embodiment ............................................................................... 146 4.5 Nature, grace and glory ............................................................................................ 148 4.6 The Eschatological Body — raised and transfigured .................................................... 156 CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL RETRIEVAL AND APPRECIATION OF MOLTMANN’S THEOLOGY ................................................................................. 161 5.1 Humanity, sexuality and eschatology ......................................................................... 164 5.2 Moltmann on sexuality ............................................................................................. 167 5.3 Implications for persons of same-sex orientation ......................................................... 171 5.4 An Embodied Human Future .................................................................................... 177 CHAPTER 6: DIVINE EMBODIMENT—TOWARD AN INCLUSIVE AND EMBODIED THEOLOGY ....................................................................................... 180 6.1 Bodily Wholeness .........................................................................................................................182 6.2 Valuing difference ........................................................................................................................184 6.3 Integrating Body and Spirit ........................................................................................................192 6.4 Inclusive Contributions from Three Theologians .....................................................................198 Rowan Williams ................................................................................................................................198 Eugene F. Rogers Jr. .........................................................................................................................200 Graham Ward ...................................................................................................................................205 6.5 Belonging in the Body of Christ ..................................................................................................206 CHAPTER 7: HOLINESS AND THE GRACED BODY ...................................... 209 7.1 Marriage .......................................................................................................................................217 7.2 Celibacy .........................................................................................................................................223 7.3 Friendship .....................................................................................................................................228 7.4 Grace embodied ............................................................................................................................235 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................... 241 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 246 4 Certificate of Authorship I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at Charles Sturt University or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgment is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by colleagues with whom I have worked at Charles Sturt University or elsewhere during my candidature is fully acknowledged. I agree that this thesis be accessible for the purpose of study and research in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Executive Director, Library Services or nominee, for the care, loan and reproduction of theses. 5 Acknowledgements Researching and writing a part-time and distance thesis that is concerned with the themes of grace, the body and the Holy Spirit and an inclusive sexuality has been an arduous and risky enterprise for a Franciscan friar during the past eight and a half years. Many people have shared in these years of research and writing and responded positively and hopefully to the theme of the thesis. I thank them all for their time, their gifts and their patience. I acknowledge specifically: St Mark‘s National Theological Centre, Canberra and the Centre for Research and Graduate Training of Charles Sturt University enabled my work financially and practically. I thank the Right Reverend Dr Tom Frame, Associate Professor and Director of St Mark‘s National Theological Centre, Associate Professor Dr David Neville, Head of the School of Theology at CSU, the Faculty and students at St Mark‘s National Theological Centre, Canberra, and the Reverend Professor James Haire of the Australian Centre for Christianity and Culture who provided welcome spaces for research and writing. No research is possible without a library, and as a distance student, my work has been greatly facilitated by the librarians at St Mark‘s Library, especially Susan Phillips and Kaye Malins. My Principal Supervisors have been the Right Reverend Dr Stephen Pickard and since 2006, Dr Heather Thomson of St Mark‘s. Co-supervisors have been the Very Reverend Dr Don Saines, the Reverend Dr Graeme Garrett, and Associate Professor, the Reverend Dr Scott Cowdell. For their encouragement, exacting standards, challenging questions and invigorating discussions I give heartfelt thanks. The community of Post-Graduate Scholars at St Mark‘s provided encouragement, critical interest and support. It has been a privilege to work alongside Matthew Anstey, Cliff Bird, Marilyn Clark, Jane Foulcher, Jonathan Geddes, the late David Hunter, Chris Ledger, Jeanette Mathews, Alice Murray and John Robinson. Thanks to the Reverend Dr Barry Rogers of Melbourne and Brother Kentigern John SSF in Leeds, UK, for reading and responding to the thesis. The Brothers of the Society of Saint Francis (the Anglican Franciscan Brothers) in the Australia New Zealand Province have given unstinting
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