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Socio-Cultural Effects and Meanings of Small-Scale Festivals: Pesta Pinji

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Socio-Cultural Effects and Meanings of Small-Scale Festivals: Pesta Pinji SOCIO-CULTURAL EFFECTS AND MEANINGS OF SMALL- SCALE FESTIVALS: PESTA PINJI Master Thesis Estefanya Gordillo SOCIO-CULTURAL EFFECTS AND MEANINGS OF SMALL- SCALE FESTIVALS: PESTA PINJI MASTER THESIS Msc. Leisure Tourism and Environment Estefanya Gordillo Loyola Reg. Number 870918270040 Thesis Supervisor Dr. Meghann Ormond (Cultural Geography Group) Examiner Dr. Rene van der Duim (Cultural Geography Group) Wageningen University Research center Master of Leisure Tourism and Environment st 31 of August, 2015 SUMMARY The participation of communities in a festival is more and more common bringing economic, political, social, cultural and environmental effect on the community. While some communities are looking forward getting economic resources from an event, some others are looking for political and cultural recognition from the rest of their society. Different studies have shown the socio-cultural effects of events, as festivals, related to enhancing cultural pride, community participation and communication, awareness of the culture, new knowledge for the community, between many others. In general, the aim of community festivals is to celebrate the culture of the community; thus social and cultural benefits are achieved in the process of staging the event. One cultural element of a community is food, between many others. Food is understood as belonging to foodways which means the integration of culinary smells, ingredients, sights, and landscapes, sounds, eating practices, and farming traditions of people or a region (Timonthy & Ron, 2013; van Westering, 1999). For that reason by acknowledging food, tradition and living traditions are recognized the symbolism and social differences between cultures. This cultural element is applicable to events, and it has been used in forms of food festivals. To understand the effects of festivals in communities, first is necessary to understand what the community is. Only then, the effects of the festival can be connected to community building. Therefore, the effects of the festival will depend on the meanings that different actors create, as Getz (2008) suggested. Recently, a community festival was staged in the community of Pasir Pinji in Ipoh, Malaysia. The festival aimed to stimulate the local economy, rebuilding pride for local products and reigniting the passion for local food, especially among the youth. Therefore, the organizers planned a community event, as a short-term solution. This case study was designed to reach two objectives: The first objective, is to understand how community events impact on local people, to make meaning of their culture, especially foodways, and enhance the sense of community. Using the framework of Getz, namely understanding and creating knowledge about events, it can be concluded that the effects and meanings of festivals are intrinsically connected with the sense of community because people create meanings about the festival and the cultural elements within; those meanigs can be translated as effects of festivals like enhance community identity, increase individual pride, recreate community image, enhance community participation. The second objective is to understand how events can influence on different actors from the community to reflect on future actions that contribute to the progress of the community. In this case, the future actions were considered in relation to their cultural elements, mainly foodways and tourism. The typology of culinary tourism resources, applied in culinary destinations in South-East Asia & Smith 2006, Smith and Xiao; 2008), was the framework used to connect the reflection of future actions with foodways and tourism. Overall, commonly literature looks to the demand side of events prioritizing the marketing and business approaches. Thus, they do not understand the festivals in relation with host community and with effects for them. Moreover, small- scale events are rarely explored when they do not present tourism purposes. Constantly, communities are looking for new source of incomes and social recognition, political changes, thus they deserved attention. Recent findings consider that providing knowledge to these communities, and in this case to an urban community, increase the chances for community members to design their new strategies for progress toward the use of their culture as a resource. Additionally, the urban communities with foodways is an important element to be included in the national or regional strategies of culinary destinations, as is the case Malaysia. LIST OF ABREVIATIONS PP, Pasir Pinji UNESCO, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNWTO, United Nations World Tourism Organization Table of content SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. i LIST OF ABREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................. ii AKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Problem statement ........................................................................................................................... 4 3. Relevance of the research ................................................................................................................ 5 4. Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................................... 6 4.1. Community, culture and progress ............................................................................................ 6 4.1.1. Community foodways and heritage ................................................................................. 9 4.2. Community and festivals ........................................................................................................ 11 4.2.1. Community festivals ....................................................................................................... 12 4.3. Foodways, events and tourism ............................................................................................... 15 4.4. Theoretical framework for event tourism .............................................................................. 17 5. Research objectives and Questions ................................................................................................ 19 Research questions ............................................................................................................................. 19 6. Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 20 6.1. Case study: Pasir Pinji community background ...................................................................... 20 6.2. Research design ...................................................................................................................... 22 6.3. Data generation ...................................................................................................................... 24 6.3.1. First Cycle ....................................................................................................................... 24 6.3.2. Second cycle ................................................................................................................... 26 6.3.3. Third cycle ...................................................................................................................... 27 6.3.4. Fourth cycle .................................................................................................................... 28 6.4. Data analysis ........................................................................................................................... 29 7. Results ............................................................................................................................................ 32 7.1. The Festival for the community building effect ...................................................................... 32 7.1.1. Group 1: The meaning of Pasir Pinji for the organizers ................................................. 32 7.1.2. Group 2: The meaning of Pasir Pinji for the participants ............................................... 33 7.1.3. Group 3: The meaning of Pasir Pinji for the adults residents of Pasir Pinji .................... 36 7.1.4. Group 4: The meaning of Pasir Pinji for the volunteers ................................................. 38 7.2. The festival meaning and the effects ...................................................................................... 40 7.2.1. Group 1: Organizers ....................................................................................................... 41 7.2.2. Group 2: Participants...................................................................................................... 48 7.2.3. Group 3: Adults residents in Pasir Pinji .......................................................................... 52 7.2.4. Group 4: Festival volunteers .......................................................................................... 57 7.3. The community and future improvement for Culinary Tourism ............................................
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