DOCSLIB.ORG

Types of Foliar Dichotomy in Living Ferns 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Types of Foliar Dichotomy in Living Ferns 1 TYPES OF FOLIAR DICHOTOMY IN LIVING FERNS 1 Warren H. Wagner, Jr. LEAVES OF CERTAIN ferns are commonly cited as oriented, and more or less cup-form. Species p()~­ "primitive" on the general theory that they have re­ sessing midribless adult blades are few lonly B tained dichotomy of the major vascular axes of the known species), but most ferns have juvenile leaves leaf from ancient psilophyte ancestors (Zimmer­ of this type, exceptions being the Ophioglossaceae. mann, in Verdoorn, 1938; Lam, 1948). The present certain Marattiaceae, the Gleicheniaceae, and the study suggests a re-interpretation to be based on genus Nephrolepis (Davalliaceae t which have mid­ comparisons with ordinary fern leaves, "pinnate" in ribbed juvenile leaf-blades. the arrangement of their main veins. The term The pinnae or what appear to be their homo­ "foliar dichotomy" will be used here to refer not logues in midribless juvenile fronds may be entirelv only to dichotomously lobed or divided leaves, but separate or they may be fused, and gradations oc­ also to those with blades that are simple or nearly cur. The youngest fronds in a series have Yen' so, in which dichotomous organization is indicated rudimentary venation, but in many ferns the sue­ by over-all vein pattern. The term is thus used for ceeding juvenile fronds develop pinnae (or veins the basic patterns of major veins or vascular corresponding to them) which are identical in vein strands, without particular reference to degrees of pattern with those of the later, midribbed leaves. laminar dissection, which is known to be highly Early fronds of closely related ferns may be quite variable among closely related ferns. different from each other in the amount of dissec­ Fern leaves with dichotomous vascular architec­ tion of the blade: the two pinnae of the midrihless ture fall into four distinctive categories which have early blades are separate in Osmunda cinnamotnca not previously been clearly distinguished. Each (fig. 7A) and Pellaea viridis (fig. 2), but the two category has been named for the feature of the leaf "pinnae" (i.e., their homologues) are mostly or en­ which accounts for its peculiar organization. These tirely fused in Osmunda regalis and Pellaea atro­ categories are named as follows: (A) leaves with purpurea. In certain species of Dryopteris (Aspi­ midribless blades-"Midribless-blade Type," (B) diaceae) and Asplenium (Aspleniaceae, example in leaves in which the morphological blade midrib has fig. 8C), the transition from midribless to mid­ become displaced-"Displaced-midrib Type," (C) ribbed blade occurs in such simple fronds that the leaves with crested blades-"Crested-blade Type," presumed homology of the lateral lobes to hasal and (D) leaves with non-dichotomous blades, in pinnae is not evident. In others, the transition oc­ which the petioles are once or repeatedly branched curs at an even earlier stage; in Polvpodiareae -"Forked-petiole Type." Each type will be dis­ (sensu strictu) the blades pass directly from the cussed and the known examples of each listed. stage of two lateral veinlets to that of two lateral A. MIDRIBLESS-BLADE TYPE.-The foliar dichot­ and one central vein let, and in Vittariaceae (fiz. 11 I omy of midribless leaves is the commonest type, with the following peculiarities: (1) forking of the and cutting, although very small. In successive leaves. how­ ever. the basal pair of pinnae becomes exaggerated, and main veins of the blade is regular and symmetrical, finally the central part of the leaf is reduced to a dormant (2) the basal pinnae or segments, or veins repre­ or vestigial apex. In successively older leaves, pinnae them­ senting them, are formed, but the central portion selves repeat the forking. and indeterminate, dichotomous and the midrib of the blade are absent or fail to growth results. It is desirable that juvenile leaves IIf the "truly dichotomous" fern illustrated be examined to d"1r-r­ Iorm," and (3) blades of this type are horizontally mine at what stage of successive juvenile leaves the apices become suppressed to the extent of not appearing at all. 1 Received for publication February 20, 19.52. Brief mention should be made here of the complicated This study was made at Harvard University during the climbing leaves of Lygodium circinatum. rSchizueaeeae) tenure of a Gray Herbarium Fellowship. I am especially in­ which will be reported in detail in the future. Its sma ll debted for help to Professors 1. W. Bailey, R. H. Wetmore, leaves are "ground fronds" (i.e., they do not climb) and and E. B. Copeland; and for materials to Alma G. Stokey, they are dichotomous, with two pinnae. In a series of pro­ Lenette Rogers Atkinson, Harold St. John, Edith Scamman, gressively more complicated leaves, the smaller ones have and Eugene Horner. Publ&ation of this paper was aided two broad, horizontally oriented pinnae, which are joined in by a grant from the Executive Board of the Horace H. Hack­ a dichotomy at the 'top of the petiole. But in the laruer ham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan. "ground fronds" (as shown by plants growing in the grel'n· ~ Failure of centers of leaf-blades or their parts to develop house of the Biological Laboratories, Harvard University). a is well known in the "dichotomy" of adult gleicheniaceous small papilla is seen between the two pinnae, surmounting leaves. Since these retain obvious vestiges of the central the petiole. In subsequent leaves, this papilla doe" not axes between each pair of lateral segments, I do not include become quiescent but grows out to form a long. indeterrni­ this as a type of foliar dichotomy. Attention must be called, nate, twining rachis, with pinnae that are similar to "hole however, to at least one species (fig. 1) in which the tiny blades of large "ground fronds" in being represented onlv "buds" located between the shanks of apparent dichotomies hy their two basal pinnules, their central portions abort ina. have disappeared. Juvenile leaves in Gleicheniaceae have By cutting off the apex of a growing rachis, however. the been described before, and I have confirmed the changes of author has forced the middle portions of the pinnae to grow successive leaves in Dicranopteris emarginata and Sticherus out. The small "ground fronds" of Lygodium represent the bifidus ; their first leaves are pinnate in vascular pattern midrihless-blade type of dichotomy. 578 October, 1952] WAGNER-FOLIAR DICHOTOMY IN FERNS 579 .9*-4 ' 1 ,, 5 '. c Fig. 1-6.-Fig. 1. Gleichenia (Sti cherus) flagellaris var. bracteata, Malayan Peninsula (Gray Herhariuml.-Fig. 2. Pellaea viridis, juvenile plants.-Fig. 3. Adiantum pedatum , juv enil e leaves, Massachu sett s.-Fig. 4. Ctenopteris heteromorphu, Ecuador, Fraser (Gray H.) .-Fig. 5. Coptophvllum wrightii, Bahamas, Sm all & Carter (Gray H.) .- Fig. 6. Schizaea robusta, ju venil e plants. rHawaii, St. John. to a state of loop formation. Orth (1938, p. 6 ) dis­ may be concluded that the change from midribless cusses the progre ssive leaves of a number of species. to mid rib bed states is not entirely an " all or none" All his figures, however , show individual, selected phenomenon: intermediate conditions, i.e., with stages. A large series of fronds from many rhizomes "papillae," are occasionally found, the "papillae" is required to illustrate successive changes, since in presumably anal ogous to the abortive apices of a sequence of leaves from one rhizome not all the leaves in the Gleicheniaceae. Intermediates have intermediate conditions are represented. If a mas s been found so far in one form or other only in collection of juvenil e leaves is arranged according Tod ea barbara , Osmunda regalis, O. cinnamomea to increasing complexity, it is noteworthy that the (of the Osmundaceae ) , Pteris tremula (fig. 7C), transition between the midribless and midribbed Adiantum hispidulum, and Pellaea viridis (Pteri­ condition occurs abruptly, intermediates being ex­ daceae ), Asplenium trichomanes (fig. 7B, Aspleni­ tremely rare. In Osmurula cinnam ome a and O. aceae}, Athyrium filix-fo emina (fig. 7D) and Dry­ regalis, for instance, the basal pinnae (fu sed in O. opteris cam.pyloptera (Aspidiaceae) , but when long regalis ) have the same morphology whether the series of other species are available, more examples midrib forms or not, so that fr onds of a large series ma y be expected. of several hundred divide sharply into two classes, Id eal species for study of changes in successive th ose with a "middle pinna" or "middle lobe" anl leaves are tho se with relatively large and complex those without. Special search where young sporo­ early leaves possessing num erous veins, such as phytes occur, however , reveal s a few fr onds which Diellia erecta (Aspleniaceae} , Pellaea rotundifolia have a pointed "papilla" between the two side pin­ (Pteridaceae}, Anemia phyllitidis (Schizaeaceae) , nae (fig. 7A). Also the "middle pinna" is some­ Cyrtomium [alcatum (Aspidiaceae), Marattia doug­ times much smaller than the laterals. Therefore, it lasii (Marattiaceae), Sadleria cyatheoides (Blech- 580 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 39 II IT III A m III • B c fD October, 1952] WAGNER-FOLIAR DICHOTOMY IN FERNS 581 naceae), and some of those listed above. Much of lateral veins and sinuses, if present. Continued simplified types, such as those of Vittariaceae and increase in complexity of most fern leaves involves Polypodiaceae do not show well-marked stages, as merely lengthening of the blade apex and the addi­ the transition from midribless to midribbed stages tion of more major lateral veins or leaflets in suc­ occurs very early, before the leaves attain a high de­ cessive fronds until the definitive mature form is gree of complexity. Other ferns, such as Pityro­ reached. If the species has reticulate veins, areoles gramma spp. and certain adiantums (Pteridaceae), appear first in Stage II or Stage III.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ^ a Critical Examination of the Vittarieae with a View To
    / P u n -t/p '& . J9. ^ _ ^ 2 (tO. A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE VITTARIEAE WITH A VIEW TO THEIR SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON. 1. Introduction. 2. Vittaria. 3. Monogramma, 4. Antrophyum. ProQuest Number: 13916247 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13916247 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 INTRODUCTION. The Vittarieae, as described by Christensen (1), comprises five genera, viz. Vjfrfrftrja, Monogramma,. Antronhvum. Hecistopterist and Anetium. all of whicij are epiphytic forms growing in the damp forests of the Old and New;World Tropics. All of them possess creeping rhizomes on which the frortds are arranged more or less definitely in two rows on the dorsal surface. The fronds are simple in outline with the exception of those of Heoistonteris which are dichotomously branched. The venation of the fronds is reticulate except in Heoistonteris where there is an open, dichotomous system of veins^An interesting feature, which has proved to be valuable as a diagnostic character, is the presence of "spicule cells" in the epidermis.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferns of the Lower Jurassic from the Mecsek Mountains (Hungary): Taxonomy and Palaeoecology
    PalZ (2019) 93:151–185 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-018-0430-8 RESEARCH PAPER Ferns of the Lower Jurassic from the Mecsek Mountains (Hungary): taxonomy and palaeoecology Maria Barbacka1,2 · Evelyn Kustatscher3,4,5 · Emese R. Bodor6,7 Received: 7 July 2017 / Accepted: 26 July 2018 / Published online: 20 September 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Ferns are the most diverse group in the Early Jurassic plant assemblage of the Mecsek Mountains in southern Hungary and, considering their abundance and diversity, are an important element of the flora. Five families were recognized so far from the locality; these are, in order of abundance, the Dipteridaceae (48% of collected fern remains), Matoniaceae (25%), Osmun- daceae (21%), Marattiaceae (6%) and Dicksoniaceae (three specimens). Ferns are represented by 14 taxa belonging to nine genera: Marattiopsis hoerensis, Todites princeps, Todites goeppertianus, Phlebopteris angustiloba, Phlebopteris kirchneri Barbacka and Kustatscher sp. nov., Matonia braunii, Thaumatopteris brauniana, Clathropteris meniscoides, Dictyophyl- lum nilssoni, Dictyophyllum rugosum, Cladophlebis denticulata, Cladophlebis haiburnensis, Cladophlebis roessertii, and Coniopteris sp. Ferns from the Mecsek Mts. are rarely found in association with other plants. They co-occur mostly with leaves of Nilssonia, leaflets of Sagenopteris, and rarely with other plants. The most commonly co-occurring fern species is P. kirchneri Barbacka and Kustatscher sp. nov. According to our statistical approach (PCA, Ward cluster analysis), the fern taxa cluster in four groups corresponding to their environmental preferences, determined by moisture and disturbance. Most taxa grew in monospecific thickets in disturbed areas; a few probably formed bushes in mixed assemblages, whereas one taxon, P. kirchneri, probably was a component of the understorey in a stable, developed succession of humid environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Jurassic Plant Diversity and Climate in the Ordos Basin, China Yun-Feng Lia, B, *, Hongshan Wangc, David L
    ISSN 0031-0301, Paleontological Journal, 2019, Vol. 53, No. 11, pp. 1216–1235. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2019. Middle Jurassic Plant Diversity and Climate in the Ordos Basin, China Yun-Feng Lia, b, *, Hongshan Wangc, David L. Dilchera, b, d, E. Bugdaevae, Xiao Tana, b, d, Tao Lia, b, Yu-Ling Naa, b, and Chun-Lin Suna, b, ** aKey Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130026 China bResearch Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130026 China cFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA dDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405 USA eFederal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received April 3, 2018; revised November 29, 2018; accepted December 28, 2018 Abstract—The Ordos Basin is one of the largest continental sedimentary basins and it represents one major and famous production area of coal, oil and gas resources in China. The Jurassic non-marine deposits are well developed and cropped out in the basin. The Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation is rich in coal and con- tains diverse plant remains. We recognize 40 species in 25 genera belonging to mosses, horsetails, ferns, cycadophytes, ginkgoaleans, czekanowskialeans and conifers. This flora is attributed to the early Middle Jurassic Epoch, possibly the Aalenian-Bajocian. The climate of the Ordos Basin during the Middle Jurassic was warm and humid with seasonal temperature and precipitation fluctuations.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights on Reticulate Evolution in Ferns, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Ceratopteris
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 8-2021 Insights on Reticulate Evolution in Ferns, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Ceratopteris Sylvia P. Kinosian Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Kinosian, Sylvia P., "Insights on Reticulate Evolution in Ferns, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Ceratopteris" (2021). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 8159. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8159 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INSIGHTS ON RETICULATE EVOLUTION IN FERNS, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE GENUS CERATOPTERIS by Sylvia P. Kinosian A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ecology Approved: Zachariah Gompert, Ph.D. Paul G. Wolf, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member William D. Pearse, Ph.D. Karen Mock, Ph.D Committee Member Committee Member Karen Kaphiem, Ph.D Michael Sundue, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member D. Richard Cutler, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2021 ii Copyright © Sylvia P. Kinosian 2021 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Insights on reticulate evolution in ferns, with special emphasis on the genus Ceratopteris by Sylvia P. Kinosian, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2021 Major Professor: Zachariah Gompert, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pteridologist 2007
    PTERIDOLOGIST 2007 CONTENTS Volume 4 Part 6, 2007 EDITORIAL James Merryweather Instructions to authors NEWS & COMMENT Dr Trevor Walker Chris Page 166 A Chilli Fern? Graham Ackers 168 The Botanical Research Fund 168 Miscellany 169 IDENTIFICATION Male Ferns 2007 James Merryweather 172 TREE-FERN NEWSLETTER No. 13 Hyper-Enthusiastic Rooting of a Dicksonia Andrew Leonard 178 Most Northerly, Outdoor Tree Ferns Alastair C. Wardlaw 178 Dicksonia x lathamii A.R. Busby 179 Tree Ferns at Kells House Garden Martin Rickard 181 FOCUS ON FERNERIES Renovated Palace for Dicksoniaceae Alastair C. Wardlaw 184 The Oldest Fernery? Martin Rickard 185 Benmore Fernery James Merryweather 186 FEATURES Recording Ferns part 3 Chris Page 188 Fern Sticks Yvonne Golding 190 The Stansfield Memorial Medal A.R. Busby 191 Fern Collections in Manchester Museum Barbara Porter 193 What’s Dutch about Dutch Rush? Wim de Winter 195 The Fine Ferns of Flora Græca Graham Ackers 203 CONSERVATION A Case for Ex Situ Conservation? Alastair C. Wardlaw 197 IN THE GARDEN The ‘Acutilobum’ Saga Robert Sykes 199 BOOK REVIEWS Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns by Sue Olsen Graham Ackers 170 Fern Books Before 1900 by Hall & Rickard Clive Jermy 172 Britsh Ferns DVD by James Merryweather Graham Ackers 187 COVER PICTURE: The ancestor common to all British male ferns, the mountain male fern Dryopteris oreades, growing on a ledge high on the south wall of Bealach na Ba (the pass of the cattle) Unless stated otherwise, between Kishorn and Applecross in photographs were supplied the Scottish Highlands - page 172. by the authors of the articles PHOTO: JAMES MERRYWEATHER in which they appear.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Diversity of Pteridophytes Along Some Hill Roads in a Biodiversity Hot Spot Region of India – a Case Study of Mizoram
    ISSN: 2350-0328 International Journal of AdvancedResearch in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5, Issue 9 , September 2018 Assessment of Diversity of Pteridophytes along Some Hill Roads in a Biodiversity Hot Spot Region of India – A Case Study of Mizoram Samar. Kr.Banerjee,MousumiBanerjee , Anjani.Kr. Srivastava Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi and Principal Consultant (Environment) STUP India1 Department of Botany,Faculty of Post Graduate Studies, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 2 Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi 3 ABSTRACT: Mizoram state of India isone of the biodiversity hotspots of the world, the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot of South Asia. Panoramic view of its roadside flora reveals that it is replete with rich diversity of Pteridophytes.This is due to unique location of Mizoram, its topography with hills and valleys, and also its geology which provide immense ranges of microclimatic conditions which facilitates its growth. These pteridophytes are one of the source of carbon sink along the road. Some work related to pteridophytes have been reported by some researchers in some protected areas like sanctuaries and some forests in Mizoram. Till date no work has been reported on the diversity, ecology and IUCN red list status of pteridophytes growing along the Hill Roads in Mizoram. The paper enlists he current diversity, habitat and ecology of such pteridophytes. Effort has been made to ascertain their status in the IUCN red list and in Catalogue of Life (COL).The study is likely to help in further capacity augmentation/widening of these roads without harming the current diversity of the pteridophytes growing there .The study also provides a protocol to be followedfor monitoring and management of biodiversity along other roads of this hotspot.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Anatomical Adaptations to Dry, Shady Environments in Adiantum Reniforme Var
    Morphological and anatomical adaptations to dry, shady environments in Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae) Di Wu1, Linbao Li1, Xiaobo Ma1, Guiyun Huang1 and Chaodong Yang2 1 Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China ABSTRACT The natural distribution of the rare perennial fern Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae), which is endemic to shady cliff environments, is limited to small areas of Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China. In this study, we used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy to investigate the anatomical structures and histochemical features that may allow this species to thrive in shady, dry cliff environments. The A. reniforme var. sinense sporophyte had a primary structure and a dictyostele. The plants of this species had an endodermis, sclerenchyma layers and hypodermal sterome, reflecting an adaption to dry cliff environments. Blades had a thin cuticle and isolateral mesophyll, suggesting a tolerance of shady environments. These characteristics are similar to many sciophyte ferns such as Lygodium japonicum and Pteris multifida. Thus, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of A. reniforme var. sinense identified in this study are consistent with adaptations to shady, dry cliff environments. Subjects Conservation Biology, Plant Science Keywords Endodermis, Dictyostele, Sclerenchyma layer, Suberin lamellae, Thin cuticle Submitted 14 April 2020 Accepted 24 August 2020 INTRODUCTION Published 30 September 2020 Adiantum reniforme var. sinense (Pteridaceae, subfamily Vittarioideae) is a rare Corresponding authors Guiyun Huang, cliff-dwelling perennial pteridophyte, with a natural distribution limited to small areas of [email protected] Wanzhou County, Chongqing, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular Plants
    Flora of Australia Glossary — Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular plants A main glossary for the Flora of Australia was published in Volume 1 of both printed editions (1981 and 1999). Other volumes contain supplementary glossaries, with specific terms needed for particular families. This electronic glossary is a synthesis of all hard-copy Flora of Australia glossaries and supplementary glossaries published to date. The first Flora of Australia glossary was compiled by Alison McCusker. Mary D. Tindale compiled most of the fern definitions, and the conifer definitions were provided by Ken D. Hill. Russell L. Barrett combined all of these to create the glossary presented here, incorporating additional terms from the printed version of Volume 37. This electronic glossary contains terms used in all volumes, but with particular reference to the flowering plants (Volumes 2–50). This glossary will be updated as future volumes are published. It is the standard to be used by authors compiling future taxon treatments for the Flora of Australia. It also comprises the terms used in Species Plantarum — Flora of the World. Alternative terms For some preferred terms (in bold), alternative terms are also highlighted (in parentheses). For example, apiculum is the preferred term, and (=apiculus) is an alternative. Preferred terms are those also used in Species Plantarum — Flora of the World. © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. Flora of Australia Glossary — Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular plants is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.
    [Show full text]
  • Part I Chinese Plant Names Index 2010-2017
    This Book is Sponsored by Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden 上海辰山植物园 Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心 Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping ＆ City Appearance Administrative Bureau (G182415) 上海市绿化和市容管理局科研专项 (G182415) National Specimen Information Infrastructure, 2018 Special Funds 中国国家标本平台 2018 年度专项 Shanghai Sailing Program (14YF1413800) 上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划 (14YF1413800) Chinese Plant Names Index 2010-2017 DU Cheng & MA Jin-shuang Chinese Plant Names Index 2010-2017 中国植物名称索引 2010-2017 DU Cheng & MA Jin-shuang Abstract The first two volumes of Chinese Plant Names Index (CPNI) cover the years 2000 through 2009, with entries 1 through 5,516, and 2010 through 2017, with entries 5,517 through 10,795. A unique entry is generated for the specific name of each taxon in a specific publication. Taxonomic treatments cover all novelties at the rank of family, genus, species, subspecies, variety, form and named hybrid taxa, new name changes (new combinations and new names), new records, new synonyms and new typifications for vascular plants reported or recorded from China. Detailed information on the place of publication, including author, publication name, year of publication, volume, issue, and page number, are given in detail. Type specimens and collects information for the taxa and their distribution in China, as well as worldwide, are also provided. The bibliographies were compiled from 182 journals and 138 monographs or books published worldwide. In addition, more than 400 herbaria preserve type specimens of Chinese plants are also listed as an appendix. This book can be used as a basic material for Chinese vascular plant taxonomy, and as a reference for researchers in biodiversity research, environmental protection, forestry and medicinal botany.
    [Show full text]
  • (Polypodiales) Plastomes Reveals Two Hypervariable Regions Maria D
    Logacheva et al. BMC Plant Biology 2017, 17(Suppl 2):255 DOI 10.1186/s12870-017-1195-z RESEARCH Open Access Comparative analysis of inverted repeats of polypod fern (Polypodiales) plastomes reveals two hypervariable regions Maria D. Logacheva1, Anastasiya A. Krinitsina1, Maxim S. Belenikin1,2, Kamil Khafizov2,3, Evgenii A. Konorov1,4, Sergey V. Kuptsov1 and Anna S. Speranskaya1,3* From Belyaev Conference Novosibirsk, Russia. 07-10 August 2017 Abstract Background: Ferns are large and underexplored group of vascular plants (~ 11 thousands species). The genomic data available by now include low coverage nuclear genomes sequences and partial sequences of mitochondrial genomes for six species and several plastid genomes. Results: We characterized plastid genomes of three species of Dryopteris, which is one of the largest fern genera, using sequencing of chloroplast DNA enriched samples and performed comparative analysis with available plastomes of Polypodiales, the most species-rich group of ferns. We also sequenced the plastome of Adianthum hispidulum (Pteridaceae). Unexpectedly, we found high variability in the IR region, including duplication of rrn16 in D. blanfordii, complete loss of trnI-GAU in D. filix-mas, its pseudogenization due to the loss of an exon in D. blanfordii. Analysis of previously reported plastomes of Polypodiales demonstrated that Woodwardia unigemmata and Lepisorus clathratus have unusual insertions in the IR region. The sequence of these inserted regions has high similarity to several LSC fragments of ferns outside of Polypodiales and to spacer between tRNA-CGA and tRNA-TTT genes of mitochondrial genome of Asplenium nidus. We suggest that this reflects the ancient DNA transfer from mitochondrial to plastid genome occurred in a common ancestor of ferns.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 23: the Early Tracheophytes
    Chapter 23 The Early Tracheophytes THE LYCOPHYTES Lycopodium Has a Homosporous Life Cycle Selaginella Has a Heterosporous Life Cycle Heterospory Allows for Greater Parental Investment Isoetes May Be the Only Living Member of the Lepidodendrid Group THE MONILOPHYTES Whisk Ferns Ophioglossalean Ferns Horsetails Marattialean Ferns True Ferns True Fern Sporophytes Typically Have Underground Stems Sexual Reproduction Usually Is Homosporous Fern Have a Variety of Alternative Means of Reproduction Ferns Have Ecological and Economic Importance SUMMARY PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT: Sporophyte Prominence and Survival on Land PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT: Coal, Smog, and Forest Decline THE OCCUPATION OF THE LAND PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE The First Tracheophytes Were ENVIRONMENT: Diversity Among the Ferns Rhyniophytes Tracheophytes Became Increasingly Better PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE Adapted to the Terrestrial Environment ENVIRONMENT: Fern Spores Relationships among Early Tracheophytes 1 KEY CONCEPTS 1. Tracheophytes, also called vascular plants, possess lignified water-conducting tissue (xylem). Approximately 14,000 species of tracheophytes reproduce by releasing spores and do not make seeds. These are sometimes called seedless vascular plants. Tracheophytes differ from bryophytes in possessing branched sporophytes that are dominant in the life cycle. These sporophytes are more tolerant of life on dry land than those of bryophytes because water movement is controlled by strongly lignified vascular tissue, stomata, and an extensive cuticle. The gametophytes, however still require a seasonally wet habitat, and water outside the plant is essential for the movement of sperm from antheridia to archegonia. 2. The rhyniophytes were the first tracheophytes. They consisted of dichotomously branching axes, lacking roots and leaves. They are all extinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrections in Recently Described Species of Ferns and Lycophytes from the Neotropics
    Open Access Library Journal 2019, Volume 6, e5172 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Print: 2333-9705 Corrections in Recently Described Species of Ferns and Lycophytes from the Neotropics Alexander Francisco Rojas-Alvarado Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica How to cite this paper: Rojas-Alvarado, Abstract A.F. (2019) Corrections in Recently Des- cribed Species of Ferns and Lycophytes In recent papers on ferns and allied plants, several new species names were from the Neotropics. Open Access Library published invalidly or illegitimately, because they had been used previously or Journal, 6: e5172. because their type specimens were designated ambiguously. The International https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105172 Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen version) was Received: January 9, 2019 revised to remedy these situations and to apply correct names for the new Accepted: January 22, 2019 taxa. Finally, new names are proposed or the correct type specimens are spe- Published: January 25, 2019 cified, as the case may be. Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Open Access Library Inc. Subject Areas This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Plant Science, Taxonomy License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Keywords Open Access Cyathea, Elaphoglossum, New Names, New Species, Phlegmariurus, Radiovittaria, Tryonia, Type Corrections 1. Introduction The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne code, from 2011) is the set of rules and recommendations that govern the scien- tific naming of all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants. It was actualized after XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC), which took place in Shenzhen, China in July, 2017 [1].
    [Show full text]