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The Influence of Italian Art and Design in Siam Ornament and Decorative Art in A.D

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The Influence of Italian Art and Design in Siam Ornament and Decorative Art in A.D THE INFLUENCE OF ITALIAN ART AND DESIGN IN SIAM ORNAMENT AND DECORATIVE ART IN A.D. 1876-1932 (A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS) By Mr. Piti Maneenetra A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Program in Design Arts International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2015 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University THE INFLUENCE OF ITALIAN ART AND DESIGN IN SIAM ORNAMENT AND DECORATIVE ART IN A.D. 1876-1932 (A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS) By Mr. Piti Maneenetra A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Program in Design Arts International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2015 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University 54155952: MAJOR: DESIGN ARTS KEY WORD: ORNAMENT / DECORATIVE ARTS / SIGNIFICATION STRUCTURALISM / SIAM WESTERN BUILDING / TRADITIONAL LIVING AESTHETIC PITI MANEENETRA: THE INFLUENCE OF ITALIAN ART AND DESIGN IN SIAM ORNAMENT AND DECORATIVE ARTS BETWEEN A.D. 1876-1932 (A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS). THESIS ADVISORS: PROF. EAKACHART JANEURAIRATANA, AND ASSOC. PROF. PAIROJ JAMUNI, Ed.D. 282 pp. This research is a study about the signification of Siam ornaments and decorative arts between A.D. 1876-1932 on western buildings as a “cultural object study” by the structuralism semiotics approach. The criteria analytic to access the knowledge via the theory of an educational system from the essence contents of decorative arts structuralism in Thai society during the western influenced had important roles in setting and creating this change of modernity as civilization perception in term of aesthetic of decorative intellection. This research is a qualitative research. The analysis, synthesis and discourse of the thought structural system was determined to study in the Siam western buildings that were built between A.D.1876-1932. It aims to study western buildings as a kind of material, not only creating beauty to the society, but also having the signification of a key reflection of the mindset, which helps illustrate the cognitive development of Siam decorative arts, and key variations to the definite Siamese elite’s characteristic decoration. The semiotic approach that highlighted the value of mind set while growing up under the cognition process of the Siamese elite’s imprint for finding the motif and the criteria of the Siam elite decoration, which was the core of Thai decorative aesthetic fundamental in the period of the multicultural study. True denoted meaning originated from the design itself, not from the interpretation or connoted meaning by the human. Thus, the relationships of all the signifiers within the structure of the western buildings had a significance and reason; the design composition is explained in its own truth, which could be significantly understood through the semiotic structuralism discourse. Nevertheless, the outcome of the study is the body of knowledge of Neo-Siam decorative arts paradigm and the manual for decoding is signified in the Italian and elite’s ornaments and decorative arts. Program of Design Arts Graduate School, Silpakorn University Student's signature ........................................ Academic Year 2015 Thesis Advisors' signatures 1. ............................................. 2. ................................................. iii Acknowledgement Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Professor Eakachart Janeurairatana for the guidance, continuous support of my Ph.D. research, and believe in the decorative science, which have enlightened me with the help that made this thesis an accomplishment. Secondly, I would like to thank Associate Professor Dr. Pairoj Jamuni for all the support by giving many practical advices with all good intention. Thirdly, I would like to thank Associate Professor Sone Simatrang and Dr. Adzrool Idzwan HJ. Ismail, my thesis committees, who gave me practical advices to make this thesis more proficiency. Fourthly, I would like to give my respect to Phrathammongkonyan Viriyang Sirindharoh, Queen Sunandha Kumariratana for the spiritual support, consciousness, and intellect throughout my studying period. My special thanks go to all the staff in the Doctor of Philosophy Program in Design Arts (International Program), Faculty of Decorative Arts, Silpakorn University with all the help and convenience. Thank you Khun Somchai Jongsang for the special recommendation during the thesis development. Moreover, I would like to dedicate this work to my parents who have given me a grand life and virtue. They have supported and pushed me to pass all the obstruction during the Ph.D. studying progress, and have given me the ideal about the attempt importance, which is much more than any gift. Thanks to Miss Areewan Maneenetra, my beloved wife and Phudit Maneenetra my beloved son for the moral and spiritual support, and always stand beside me through difficult situations. Thank you to Cesare Pergola, my forever instructor who has taught me in both academic and way of life. Finally, thanks to all officers of the places where I visited for decorative data collection. I wish to deliver my impression to all the amiable staff with much facilitation in all the places I visited. There are many people who I cannot mention the name, but nevertheless, I really wish to let them know that they are an important part of this thesis success. Also, I would like to give a sincere thanks to my four classmates for good friendship, cheerfulness, and great cooperation. For this research, if the body of knowledge is valued for any association, I would like to give all the credit to everyone that I have mentioned above and the ones related for this success. If this research has some defects, I own that responsibility and accept them with all the critiques to improve my future decorative science academic research. iv Table of Contents Page Abstract .................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Background of the study ................................................................................ 1 Statement of Problem .................................................................................... 3 Hypothesis ......................................................................................................... 5 Objectives and Aims ........................................................................................ 5 Significance of study ........................................................................................ 6 Research Conceptualization .......................................................................... 9 Limitation of study .......................................................................................... 10 Research Outcome ......................................................................................... 16 Research Organization ..................................................................................... 16 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 17 2 Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 18 Introduction / Definition of Decorative arts ............................................... 18 Definition of Paradigm, Movement and Mind set. .................................... 24 Tri-Phum, The basis of Thai artistic motif ................................................... 28 Siam’s Westernism: Deconstruction of Siam Sociology Structure ......... 40 Civilization Policy and Siam Elite / Perception of Era .............................. 45 Italian: Role of Westerner to Paradigm Shift in Siam Elite. ..................... 48 Structuralism / Semiotic ................................................................................. 55 Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relation ...................................................... 60 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 63 v Chapter Page 3 Research Methodology .......................................................................................... 65 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 65 Research Approach – Descriptive Analysis ................................................ 66 Process of study .............................................................................................. 69 Conceptualization ........................................................................................... 71 Data Collection and Field Works ................................................................. 77 Design Structural Analysis & Synthesis ....................................................... 78 Grammar of ornament and decorative arts / 4 signification statements in
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