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PREMISLEKI O PRIHODNOSTI JAVNIH MEDIJEV Ilija Tomanić Trivundža

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PREMISLEKI O PRIHODNOSTI JAVNIH MEDIJEV Ilija Tomanić Trivundža Jernej Amon Prodnik, Boris Bergant, Primož Cirman, Žan Dolajš, Ivan Gale, Sandra B. Hrvatin, Nejc Jemec, Monika Kalin Golob, Tanja Kerševan Smokvina, Lenart J. Kučić, Tina Lengar Verovnik, Petra Lesjak Tušek, Nataša Logar, Zoran Medved, Marko Milosavljević, Rastko Močnik, Mojca Pajnik, Mojca Š. Pašek, Brankica Petković, Melita Poler, Ciril Ribičič, Rudi Rizman, Renata Salecl, Svetlana Slapšak, Branko Soban, Slavko Splichal, Špela Stare, Bojan Veselinovič, Boris Vezjak, Ksenija Vidmar Horvat, Igor Vobič S prispevki v zborniku, ki je nastal na pobudo Katedre za novinarstvo na Fakulteti za družbene vede Univerze v Ljubljani, avtorice in avtorji izražamo zaskrbljenost zaradi poskusov političnega podrejanja medijev, podpiramo prizadevanja za razvoj javnih medijev v Sloveniji in spodbujamo javno razpravo, ki naj prispeva k reševanju njihovih ključnih razvojnih problemov in zagotovi trdne temelje njihovega razvoja. PREMISLEKI O PRIHODNOSTI JAVNIH MEDIJEV Ilija Tomanić Trivundža PREMISLEKI O PRIHODNOSTI JAVNIH MEDIJEV Urednik Slavko Splichal Uredniški odbor: Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marko Milosavljević, Melita Poler, Igor Vobič Založba FDV Zbirka Javnost Ljubljana, avgust 2020 PREMISLEKI O PRIHODNOSTI JAVNIH MEDIJEV (elektronska izdaja) Slavko Splichal (urednik) Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marko Milosavljević, Melita Poler, Igor Vobič (uredniški odbor) Knjižna zbirka: Javnost Urednik knjižne zbirke: Slavko Splichal Izdajatelj in založnik: Fakulteta za družbene vede, Založba FDV Za založbo: Monika Kalin Golob, dekanja Copyright © po delih in v celoti FDV 2020, Ljubljana. Fotokopiranje in razmnoževanje po delih in v celoti je prepovedano. Vse pravice pridržane. Recenzent: Niko Toš Jezikovni pregled: Monika Kalin Golob, Tina lengar Verovnik, Nataša Logar Naslovnica: Vasja Lebarič Prelom: Andro Jovanovič Dostopno prek: knjigarna.fdv.si Ljubljana, 2020 CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 316.77(082) PREMISLEKI o prihodnosti javnih medijev urednik Slavko Splichal. - Ljubljana : Fakulteta za družbene vede, Založba FDV, 2020. - (Knjižna zbirka Javnost) ISBN 978-961-235-925-6 1. Splichal, Slavko COBISS.SI-ID 25597955 KAZALO VSEBINE Predgovor ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 Izjava Katedre za novinarstvo: Poziv k umiku predlogov medijskih zakonov iz zakonodajne procedure ��������������������������������������������������� 10 JAVNI MEDIJI ZA DEMOKRACIJO ��������������������������������������������������� 13 Javni mediji so lakmusov papir demokracije Slavko Splichal ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 15 V karanteno, ponovno: krhanje, krčenje, klientelizem in korupcijska tveganja štirih medijskih zakonov Melita Poler in Marko Milosavljević �������������������������������������������������������� 22 Javni medij kot varuh javnega interesa Sandra B. Hrvatin in Brankica Petković� ��������������������������������������������������� 30 Javna RTV v dobi dezinformacije Ksenija Vidmar Horvat ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 37 Verjeti ali vedeti Boris Bergant ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 POLITIČNA (RAZ)GRADNJA MEDIJEV ��������������������������������������������� 53 Poskusi podrejanja javnih radia in televizije Ciril Ribičič ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 55 Medijske igre brez meja od Donave do Triglava Tanja Kerševan Smokvina ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 61 Uničiti ali prevzeti javno radiotelevizijo: retorika in psihopolitika demontaže medijev Boris Vezjak ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 67 Ali smo priče novemu soglasju o odpravi javnih medijev? Zoran Medved ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 74 Sledite denarju ali zakaj država ustanavlja sklad za eno televizijo Primož Cirman ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 81 PROTI PODREJANJU SLOVENSKEGA NOVINARSTVA ����������������������� 87 Pozdravljeni v novi vojni za nadzor nad RTV Slovenija Mojca Š� Pašek ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 89 Kaj vse je na kocki? Pomen RTV Slovenija za neodvisno in poglobljeno novinarstvo Žan Dolajš ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 96 Neodvisni mediji proti odvisnikom od oblasti Ivan Gale ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 103 Vladna receptura za preganjanje in izganjanje kritičnega novinarstva Petra Lesjak Tušek in Špela Stare ����������������������������������������������������������� 109 Neodvisne, nepristranske, zaupanja vredne tiskovne agencije so protistrup za dezinformacije Bojan Veselinovič������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 115 Samouresničujoča se prerokba predlaganih sprememb medijske zakonodaje na primeru Vala 202 Nejc Jemec ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 122 PRIHODNOST MEDIJEV NA RAZPOTJU ����������������������������������������� 129 Kot palčki v svetu velikanov: zakaj potrebujemo javne internetne platforme? Igor Vobič ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 131 Kako preprečiti zaton novinarstva? Ekonomski razlogi za javne naložbe v medijski sistem Jernej Amon Prodnik ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 140 Javni servis na zasebnih internetih Lenart J. Kučić ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 148 Onkraj samoumevnosti: zaveza javne RTV za jezikovni obstoj in razvoj Tina Lengar Verovnik, Nataša Logar, Monika Kalin Golob ���������������������� 154 MEDIJI V KRIZI KAPITALIZMA ������������������������������������������������������ 161 Javna občila pod vladavino kompradorske birokracije Rastko Močnik ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 163 Javna radiotelevizija – branik pred zdrsom v avtoritarizem Mojca Pajnik ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 169 Javni mediji, korist za državljane in prepoved skrajnjega populizma in propagande Svetlana Slapšak ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 177 Medijski prevrat, ki se ne sme zgoditi: dobro novinarstvo bi radi zamenjali z agitpropom svojih medijev Branko Soban ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 183 Rakova pot slovenske demokracije Rudi Rizman �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 190 Tako se rojevajo diktatorji Renata Salecl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 197 PRILOGA ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 203 Tabelarni pregled modelov upravljanja javne RTV Slovenija 1990–2020 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 205 Avtorice in avtorji ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 208 PREDGOVOR Letos se spominjamo štirih pomembnih avtoritarnih posegov v medi- je in novinarstvo v samostojni Sloveniji. - Mineva 30 let, kar je Janez Janša v parlamentu novinarjem zagrozil z »labodjim spevom«. - Pred 15 leti je Janša kot predsednik vlade v prekupčevanje z del- nicami Mercatorja vpletel časopis Delo, nad katerim mu je potem začasno uspelo dobiti uredniški nadzor. - Istega leta je bil sprejet zakon o RTV Slovenija, s katerim je desna politična oblast povečala nadzor nad javno RTV. Na referendumu o uveljavitvi sprememb tega zakona se je dobrih 50 odstotkov volivcev izreklo za zakon, slabih 49 odstotkov pa proti; skupaj je glasovalo 504.925 volivcev. Še po zadnji mnenjski poizvedbi pred referen- dumom, ki jo je opravila družba Cati, bi 23 odstotkov vprašanih glaso valo proti in le 17 odstotkov za zakon, 59 odstotkov pa ni bilo oprede ljenih; podpora zakonu pa se je celo ves čas zmanjševala. - Pred desetimi leti je SDS uspelo z referendumom zavrniti uvelja- vitev sprememb njihove zakonodaje iz leta 2005. Spremembe zakona, ki jih je sprejel državni zbor v času Pahorjeve vlade, so bile na referen- dumu leta 2010, ki ga je organizirala SDS in se ga je udeležilo pol manj volivcev kot leta 2005 (252.343 ali 14,6 odstotkov), prepričljivo zavrnjene z 72,3 odstotka glasov (v poizvedbenih napovedih je bila ob polovični neodločenosti večina za zavrnitev le 58-odstotna). S polovično zmanjšano udeležbo v primerjavi s prvim referendumom o RTV Slovenija se je za polovico zmanjšala tudi podpora bolj demo- kratičnim – čeprav ne optimalnim – zakonskim rešitvam. Ob teh obletnicah nas v letu 2020 obhajajo zle slutnje. Aktualna vlada se je v spomin na zgodovinske dogodke, ki so pomemb no prispevali k zmanjševanju medijske avtonomije in omajali svobodo tiska, očitno odločila postaviti spomenik – spomenik pro- pad(anj)u javnih medijev. Ko je v začetku maja predsednik vlade na vladni spletni strani obja- vil pamflet Vojna z mediji, smo na Katedri za novinarstvo javno izrazili zaskrbljenost zaradi različnih oblik podrejanja novinarstva
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