Une Bataille Électorale Périlleuse
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JOURNAL OFFICIEL Dela République Démocratique Du Congo Cabinet Du Président De La République
Premi~re partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République • ORDONNANCE No 10/025 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION DES VICE-PREMIERS MINISTRES, DES MINISTRES ET DES VICE-MINISTRES • ORDONNANCE No 10/026 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN CONSEILLER SPECIAL DU CHEF DE L'ETAT EN MATIERE DE SECURITE • ORDONNANCE No 10/027 DU 19 FEVRIER 2010 PORTANT NOMINATION D'UN DIRECTEUR DE CABINET DU PRESIDENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE Kinshasa - 22 février 2010 Première partie 51 e année Numéro spécial JOURNAL OFFICIEL dela République Démocratique du Congo Cabinet du Président de la République Kinshasa - 22 février 201 0 SOMMAIRE 3. Vice-Premier Ministre, Ministre des Postes, Téléphones et Télécom-munications: PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE Monsieur Simon BULUPIY GALATI 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/025 portant Article 2: nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des Ministres et des Vice-ministres, col. 1. Sont nommées Ministres aux fonctions en regard de leurs noms, les personnes ci-après : 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/026 portant nomination d'un Conseiller spécial du Chef de l'Etat en 1. Ministre des Affaires Etrangères : matière de sécurité, col. 4. Monsieur Alexis THAMBWE MWAMBA 19 février 2010 - Ordonnance no 10/027 portant 2. Ministre de la Coopération Internationale et nomination d'un Directeur de Cabinet du Président de la Régionale: République, col. 5. Monsieur Raymond TSHIBANDA N'TUNGAMULONGO 3. Ministre de la Défense Nationale et Anciens Combattants : Monsieur Charles MWANDO SIMBA PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE 4. Ministre de la Justice et Droits Humains : Monsieur LUZOLO BAMBI LESSA Ordonnance no 10/025 du 19 février 2010 portant nomination des Vice-premiers Ministres, des 5. -
Monusco and Drc Elections
MONUSCO AND DRC ELECTIONS With current volatility over elections in Democratic Republic of the Congo, this paper provides background on the challenges and forewarns of MONUSCO’s inability to quell large scale electoral violence due to financial and logistical constraints. By Chandrima Das, Director of Peacekeeping Policy, UN Foundation. OVERVIEW The UN Peacekeeping Mission in the Dem- ment is asserting their authority and are ready to ocratic Republic of the Congo, known by the demonstrate their ability to hold credible elec- acronym “MONUSCO,” is critical to supporting tions. DRC President Joseph Kabila stated during peace and stability in the Democratic Republic the UN General Assembly high-level week in of the Congo (DRC). MONUSCO battles back September 2018: “I now reaffirm the irreversible militias, holds parties accountable to the peace nature of our decision to hold the elections as agreement, and works to ensure political stabil- planned at the end of this year. Everything will ity. Presidential elections were set to take place be done in order to ensure that these elections on December 23 of this year, after two years are peaceful and credible.” of delay. While they may be delayed further, MONUSCO has worked to train security ser- due to repressive tactics by the government, vices across the country to minimize excessive the potential for electoral violence and fraud is use of force during protests and demonstrations. high. In addition, due to MONUSCO’s capacity However, MONUSCO troops are spread thin restraints, the mission will not be able to protect across the entire country, with less than 1,000 civilians if large scale electoral violence occurs. -
Thecourier-2007-01
CThe urierN. 1 N.E. - JULY AUGUST 2007 The magazine of Africa - Caribbean - Pacific & European Union cooperation and relations REPORT CONGO DRC 1st ACP Festival (Africa Caribbean Pacific) DOSSIER European Development Policy on the table Not for sale CThe urier The N. 1 N.E. - JULY AUGUST 2007 The magazine of Africa - Caribbean - Pacific & European Union cooperation and relations Editorial Committee Co-presidents Sir John Kaputin, Secretary-General Secretariat of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States www.acp.int C urier Mr Stefano Manservisi, Director General of DG Development European Commission The magazine of Africa - Caribbean - Pacific & European Union cooperation and relations ec.europa.eu/development/ Editorial staff Director and Editor-in-chief Hegel Goutier Table of contents Contributors THE COURIER, N. 1 NEW EDITION (N.E.) François Misser (Deputy Editor-in-chief), Aminata Niang, Debra Percival OPENER REPORT Congo DRC Editorial Assistant and Production 2 Sara Saleri Foreword: side by side Reconstruction challenges 42 Participated to this issue EDITORIAL 5 Marie-Martine Buckens, Leo Cendrowicz, The European response 45 Roger Mazanza Kindulu, Bernard Babb, Bob Kabamba A reintroduction The vision of the Congolese authorities 48 Public Relations and Artistic coordination Africa-Caribbean-Pacific/European Union Public Relations 6 Andrea Marchesini Reggiani A model of cooperation, nevertheless… A government by ballot box 50 (Public Relations Manager and Responsible for NGOs’ and experts’ network) New decentralisation in the Congo 52 Joan Ruiz Valero 8 (Responsible for Networking with EU and National Institutions) ROUND UP Culture bubbles up 54 Artistic Coordination Sandra Federici DOSSIER The Congo is also... 56 European Development Days Graphic Conception, Layout European Development policy on the table Orazio Metello Orsini TRADE Arketipa Hard debate on development.. -
Export Agreement Coding (PDF)
Peace Agreement Access Tool PA-X www.peaceagreements.org Country/entity Democratic Republic of Congo Region Africa (excl MENA) Agreement name Global and Inclusive Political Agreement of the Inter-diocesan Center of Kinshasa Date 31/12/2016 Agreement status Multiparty signed/agreed Interim arrangement No Agreement/conflict level Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Congo Civil Wars (1996 - ) ) Stage Framework/substantive - comprehensive (Agreement) Conflict nature Government Peace process 28: DRC: Second Congo war process Parties 1. Majorité Présidentielle a) Alexis THAMBWE-MWAMBA b) Emmanuel RAMAZANI SHADARl c) Adolphe LUMANU MULENDA BWANA N’SEFU d) Martin KABWELULU e) Lambert MENDE OMALANGA f) Norbert NKULU MITUMBA KILOMBO 2. Opposition républicaine a) Michel BONGONGO IKOLI NDOMBO 3. Opposition politique a) Vital KAMERHE b) Jean Lucien BUSSA c) José MAKILA SUMANDA d) Azarias RUBERWA MANYWA e) Florentin MOKONDA BONZA f) Stève MBlKAYI MABULUKI 4. Société civile a) Marie-Madeleine KALALA NGOY MONGI b) Monseigneur Jean-Luc KUYE-NDONDO c) Maguy KIALA BOLENGA Third parties (Described as 'non-signatory' participants) 1. Rassemblement des Forces Politiques et Sociales 1. Félix TSHISEKEDI TSHILOMBO 2. Valentin Mubake Nombi 3. Christophe LUTUNDULA APALA 4. Gilbert KANKONDE NKASHAMA 5. Jean-Marc KABUND-A-KABUND 6. Joseph OLENGHANKOY MUKUNDJI 7. Martin FAYULU MADIDI 8. Delly SESANGA HIPUNGU 9. Didier MOLISHO SADI 10. Jean-Pierre LISANGA BONGANGA 11. Olivier KAMITATU ETSU Page 1 of 20 2. Front pour le Respect de la Constitution 1. Eve BAZAIBA MASUDI 2. Jacques LUNGUANA MATUMONA 3. Alexis LENGA WALENGA 3. Société Civile 1. Georges KAPIAMBA KAPIAMBA 2. Christopher NGOY MUTAMBA Description A version of this agreement was signed on 18 October 2018; however, this agreement includes more signatories. -
In the Balance: External Troop Support and Rebel Fragmentation in the Second Congo War
In the balance: External troop support and rebel fragmentation in the Second Congo War Henning Tamm School of International Relations University of St Andrews [email protected] Forthcoming in Journal of Strategic Studies AUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT – NOT THE FINAL VERSION. PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR’S PERMISSION. 24 November 2019 Abstract The two main rebel groups in the Second Congo War (1998–2003) evolved in remarkably different ways. While the MLC maintained organisational cohesion throughout the war, the RCD split into two rival groups within less than a year. The larger of these rivals then remained cohesive, whereas the smaller group experienced further fragmentation. This article draws on interviews with key protagonists to show that these cross-group differences resulted from different patterns of state sponsorship. Frag- mentation occurred when the intra-group distribution of power between a rebel leader and an internal rival hung in the balance because external troops supported both sides. Keywords External support; rebel groups; fragmentation; cohesion; Democratic Republic of Congo Introduction The Second Congo War, often called Africa’s deadliest conflict,1 featured two major rebel groups. The first group, the Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie (RCD, Congolese Rally for Democracy), was created in August 1998 under Rwanda’s supervision and initially also received Ugandan support. The second group, the Mouvement de libération du Congo (MLC, Movement for the Liberation of Congo), emerged in November 1998 under Uganda’s sole supervision. By the time the inauguration of a transitional power-sharing government for- mally ended the conflict in July 2003, the RCD had split into six groups, whereas the MLC remained a cohesive organisation (Figure 1). -
Democratic Republic of the Congo
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 27 JANUARY 2009 Contents_______________________________________ PREFACE LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, FROM 15 DECEMBER 2008 TO 22 JANUARY 2009 Paragraphs Background information 1. GEOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................1.01 Map - DRC.....................................................................................1.05 Eastern DRC.................................................................................1.06 2. ECONOMY .............................................................................................2.01 Natural resources........................................................................2.09 3. HISTORY ...............................................................................................3.01 History to 1997.............................................................................3.01 The Laurent Kabila Regime 1997................................................3.02 The Joseph Kabila Regime 2001.................................................3.04 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................4.01 5. CONSTITUTION ........................................................................................5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ..................................................................................6.01 -
Country Fact Sheet, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO April 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the 1 of 26 9/16/2013 4:16 PM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///C:/Documents and Settings/brendelt/Desktop/temp rir/Country Fact... Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km². -
Country Fact Sheet
DRAFT – COUNTRY FACT SHEET DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO April 2007 Research Directorate Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 2 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Geography The Democratic Republic of the Congo is located in Central Africa. It borders the Central African Republic and Sudan to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Republic of the Congo to the northwest. The country has access to the Atlantic Ocean through the mouth of the Congo River in the west. The total area of the DRC is 2,345,410 km². The climate of the DRC is tropical. The equatorial river basin is hot and humid, the southern highlands are cold and dry, and the eastern highlands are rainy. The wet season north of Equateur province is from April to October, and the dry season is from December to February. The wet season south of Equateur is from November to March, followed by a dry season from April to October. -
Democratic Re Public of the Congo
Democratic Re public of the Congo 1 Introduction The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the second-largest country in Africa, with a population of approximately 84 million people.1 The DRC gained independence from Belgium in 1960. Its post-independence history is bloody: the first post-independence leader, Patrice Lumumba, was assassinated in 1961. In 1965, military officer Mobutu Sese Seko assumed power after a period of civil war. Mobutu ruled his one-party state (which he renamed Zaire) until 1996, when he was ousted by an armed coalition led by Laurent Kabila. However, the coun- try remained dangerously unstable and effectively in a state of civil war. In 2001, Laurent Kabila was assassinated by his bodyguard and was succeeded by his son, Joseph Kabila. Although Joseph Kabila is credited with introducing a number of important reforms, most notably a new constitution, his democratic credentials remained extremely poor. The last election which he won (in 2011) is disputed and lacked credibility due to widespread irregularities. President Kabila’s sec- ond five-year term of office ended in December 2016, but the DRC failed to hold elections and he ruled without an electoral mandate, albeit with the backing of the Constitutional Court. In May 2016, the Constitutional Court, in a heavily crit- icised judgment, interpreted section 70 of the constitution, which provides that the president continues in office until the assumption of office of his successor, as entitling President Kabila to remain in office without an election having taken place. Critics argue that the Constitutional Court should have found section 75 of the constitution applicable — this provides for the Head of the Senate to assume office temporarily in the case of a presidential vacancy.2 In August 2018, President Kabila announced he would not be running for a third term and the ruling party chose Emmanuel Shadari, seen as a Kabila loyalist,3 as its candidate for the presidential elections. -
August [864 Kb*]
ELLLLIGIGEEN TTE NCC INN E I A L A L G AA G E R R E N T T N C N N C Y E Y E C C U U A N N A C I IT C I T E RI R E D S E E D S TAT F AMAM TATEESSOOF Directorate of Intelligence Chiefs ofState& CabinetMembers OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS A DIRECTORY DI CS 2009-08 Supercedes DI CS 2009-07 August 2009 Chiefs ofState& CabinetMembers OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS A DIRECTORY Information received as of 3August 2009 has been used in preparation of this directory. DI CS 2009-08 Supercedes DI CS 2009-07 August 2009 PREFACE The Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country’s name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. -
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations Updated April 30, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43166 Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations Summary The United States and other donors have focused substantial resources on stabilizing the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since the early 2000s, when “Africa’s World War”—a conflict that drew in multiple neighboring countries and reportedly caused millions of deaths— drew to a close. DRC hosts the world’s largest U.N. peacekeeping operation and is a major recipient of donor aid. Conflict has nonetheless persisted in eastern DRC, prolonging instability and an enduring humanitarian crisis in Africa’s Great Lakes region. New unrest erupted as elections were repeatedly delayed past 2016, their scheduled date, leaving widely unpopular President Joseph Kabila in office. Security forces brutally cracked down on protests, while new conflicts emerged in previously stable regions, possibly fueled by political interference. An ongoing Ebola outbreak in the east has added to DRC’s challenges. In April 2019, the Islamic State organization claimed responsibility for an attack on local soldiers in the Ebola-affected area, an apparent effort to rebrand a local armed group known as the Allied Democratic Forces. National elections were ultimately held on December 30, 2018, following intense domestic and regional pressure. Opposition figure Felix Tshisekedi unexpectedly won the presidential contest, though his ability to assert a popular mandate may be undermined by allegations that the official results were rigged to deny victory to a more hardline opposition rival. Many Congolese nonetheless reacted to the outcome with relief and/or enthusiasm, noting that Kabila would step down and that voters had soundly defeated his stated choice of successor, a former Interior Minister. -
Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo November 28, 2011 Final Report Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope. The Carter Center strives to relieve suffering by advancing peace and health worldwide; it seeks to prevent and resolve conflicts, enhance freedom and democracy, and protect and promote human rights worldwide. Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo November 28, 2011 Final Report One Copenhill 453 Freedom Parkway Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 Fax (404) 420-5196 www.cartercenter.org The Carter Center Contents Foreword ..................................2 Postelection Developments ..................55 Executive Summary .........................4 Tabulation ..............................55 Presidential Election Results ................60 Historical and Political Background ...........13 Legislative Results .........................61 Electoral Institutions and Legal Framework for Electoral Dispute Resolution .................63 the Presidential and Legislative Elections ......16 Legal Framework .........................16 Conclusions and Recommendations . .66 Electoral System ..........................18 Appendix A: Acknowledgments . 73 Election Management ......................21 Appendix B: Terms and Abbreviations ........75 Boundary Delimitation .....................26 Appendix C: Letters of Invitation ............76 Pre-Election Developments ..................28 Appendix D: The Carter Center Observation Voter Registration .........................28