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Home , Rock cycle

Monday, March 4, Day 6 Goal: Describe 3 types of rocks

1.Take out HW: Rocks notes 2.Write HW: Do vocabulary and hypothesis for Cycle lab; RILS questions due Wednesday

WARM UP 3/4- What is a “Rock?” Define. What are the 3 types of rocks called?

Rocks: Natural Materials made of one or more Igneous rocks (FIRE ROCKS) form by cooling and hardening of hot liquid rock Igneous rocks The slower the cools, the LARGER the crystal size. Extrusive Igneous Rocks Form when lava cools quickly on ’s surface Examples: Grain Size: (volcanic ) Glassy-no grains (most common) Less than 1 mm Less than 1 mm

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

 Earth's Most Abundant Bedrock: Basalt

Basalt forms more of Earth's surface than any other rock type. Most areas in ocean basins are basalt.

May be on land from lava flows, too.

Igneous Rocks

 Obsidian

Obsidian on the side of a Exrusive - Obsidian Obsidian was used to make knives, arrow heads, spear points, scrapers and many other weapons and tools Intrusive Igneous Rocks Forms when magma cools slowly underground Example Grain Size 1-10mm (coarse grained)

Most abundant on Earth’s . Forms the core of many mountain ranges.

Intrusive Igneous Rocks  Granite is used to make many objects

Granite is also well-known from its many world- famous natural exposures. These include: Stone Mountain, GA; Mount Rushmore, SD

Intrusive Igneous Rocks Example Grain Size Greater than 10mm Very coarse grained)

Intrusive Igneous Rocks Texture: coarse-grained

Slowly cooling magma forms coarse- grained rock with large crystals

REMEMBER: The slower it cools, The larger the crystals! Ex: granite Uses of Igneous Rock

 Statues, Public Buildings - Granite Uses of Igneous Rocks

 Cobblestone streets, kitchen countertops – Granite Uses of Igneous Rock

 Basalt - Gravel for construction

 Obsidian - Sharp tools for cutting and scraping (Native Am!), Starting vegetable gardens (fertilizer) – it’s called Perlite, which is formed from heating Obsidian Add to your notes: Clues to Identify Igneous Rocks

 May have crystals, can often be seen easily by eye

 Crystals are not in band-like patterns

 If no crystals; may appear glassy or with air pockets

how ingneous rocks are formed Mt. St. Helens, March 198 eruption sent plume of volcanic ash 12 miles and spread for 10 hours. It drifted around the globe in about 2 weeks.

igneous rock formation summary Rocks, Rocks, and more Rocks - Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks are classified by the types of that make up the rock What are sediments? – Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things like bones, leaves, stems, etc

Sizes of Sediments How do they form?

Sediments are carried by wind or water are deposited (dropped).

Sediments accumulate in layers and harden into rocks. Those smashed sediments can form into layers like the ones shown. Rock Name Particles

Shale ------ Clay Siltstone------ Silt ------ Sand Conglomerate ------ Pebbles --- Calcite from Seashells Uses: What things have been made from ?  Flint: Arrowheads

 Sandstone: Buildings, THE WHITE HOUSE

 Limestone: Blocks & slabs for building, making cement Uses: What things have been made from Sedimentary Rock?

 Coal: Electricity generation, heat, fuel

 Halite: Winter road treatment, Seasoning Possibly the coolest thing about Sedimentary Rock…

FOSSILS are always found in Sedimentary Rock ONLY! Why???

Write on top of notes: Clues for Sedimentary Rock

 Distinct parallel layers

 Made of rock fragments or one type of (sand, clay…)

 Shows evidence of , ex. , Shells  Often dull or earthy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Df4CtlZ0AQ#t=29

Rocks, Rocks, and More Rocks Metamorphic Metamorphic means Change!!

How do Metamorphic rocks form? Igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed by heat, pressure or both NEVER ACTUALLY MELT Rocks can be pushed down toward the heat of the mantle or form along plate boundaries Original Rock New

Shale  Slate

Shale (sedimentary) changes to Slate when heated & squeezed by pressure. Original Rock  New Metamorphic Rock

Granite Gneiss

Granite (Igneous) changes to Gneiss when heated & squeezed by pressure.

metmorph formation animation Original Rock  New Metamorphic Rock

Sandstone Quartzite

When Sandstone (Sedimentary) is under extreme heat & pressure, Quartzite will form. Original Rock  New Metamorphic Rock

Limestone Marble Uses of Metamorphic Rocks

 Slate: Old fashioned chalkboards, roofs, walkways, trim on buildings

 Marble: *Sculptures – (Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C.) * Buildings Add to bottom of notes: Clues for Metamorphic Rocks

 Bands of color

 Signs of bending and distortion

crystals will be flattened How are the 3 rock types related? THE ROCK CYCLE!

 interactive cycle  bp rock cycle

Questions…

 What processes form Igneous Rocks?  How are the 2 types of Igneous Rock different?  How can we use Igneous Rocks? How have they been used in the past?  Can you describe the most common Intrusive Ign. Rock? Where is it commonly found?  Can you describe the most abundant Extrusive Ign. Rock? What area on Earth is mostly made of this type?

The Rock To the tune of Row, Row, Row Your Cycle Song Boat

Sedimentary rock has been formed in layers Often found near water sources fossils and decayers

Then there’s Igneous rock, here since Earth was born Magma, lava cooled and hardened that’s how it is formed

These two kinds of rocks can also be transformed With pressure, heat, deep in Earth Metamorphic they’ll become