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United States Department of Interior Geological Survey Generalized United States Department of Interior Geological Survey Generalized descriptions of uranium-bearing veins, pegmatites, and disseminations in non-sedimentary rocks, eastern United States by Richard I. Grauch and Katrin Zarinski Open-file report 76- 582 1976 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity ii U.S. Geological Survey standards and nomenclature Contents Introduction ................................................................ 1 Table 1 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Alabama ............. 4 Table 2 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Connecticut ......... 6 Table 3 Uranium occurrences in non-seaimtntary rocks of Georgia ............. 12 Table 4 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Maine ............... 16 Table 5 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Maryland ............ 31 Table 6 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Massachusetts ....... 34 Table 7 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Michigan ............ 38 Table 8 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of New Hampshire ....... 44 Table 9 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of New Jersey .......... 49 Table 10 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of New York ........... 56 Table 11 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of North Carolina ..... 67 Table 12 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Pennsylvania ....... 78 Table 13 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Rhode Island ....... 83 Table 14 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of South Carolina ..... 85 Table 15 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Tennessee .......... 87 Table 16 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Vermont ............ 89 Table 17 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Virginia ........... 96 Table 18 Selected references arranged according to state..................... 100 References...................................................................103 List of illustrations Figure 1. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of the Eastern United States............*..*..... 2 Figure 2. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Alabama....................................... 5 Figure 3. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Connecticut...................................11 Figure 4. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Georgia.......................................15 Figure 5. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of eastern Maine................^..............i.29 Figure 6. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of western Maine.................................30 Figure 7. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Maryland...................................... 33 Figure 8. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of eastern Massachusetts.........................36 Figure 9. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of western Massachusetts.........................37 Figure 10. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Michigan.......................................43 Figure 11. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of New Hampshire.......................^..^.i....48 Figure 12. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of New Jersey....................................55 Figure 13. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of northeastern New York.........................64 Figure 14. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of north-central New York........................65 Figure 15. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of southeastern New York.........................66 Figure 16. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of North Carolina................................77 Figure 17. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Pennsylvania..................................82 Figure 18. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Rhode Island..................................84 Figure 19. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of South Carolina. ............*......*...........86 Figure 20. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Tennessee.....................................88 Figure 21. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Vermont................................*».....95 Figure 22. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of southwestern Virginia.........................98 Figure 23. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of north-central Virginia........................99 INTRODUCTION Uranium in the eastern U'ftlted States is more abundant than previously believed. This report, which d&flls with uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks, was prepared as one of the preliminary steps in the U.S. vjeological Survey's program to evaluate the uranium resources of the eastern United States. Future work in the program will entail detailed mapping and petrological, chemical, &titi geophysical studies in the areas of the more promising uranitffn occurrences. That work should result in the delineation of favorable target areas t and the definition of geological and possibly geochemical environments that are favorable for exploration. This report summarizes in 17 tables the available data on uranium occurrences in igneous and metamorphic rocks east of the Mississippi River. The word occurrence as used here indicates any showing, however large or small, of primary or secondary uranium minerals. Excluded from the tabulation are those rocks that have reported chemical or equivalent U308 values of less than 0.001 percent. The tables describe the occurrences by name, mineralogy, host, and location. Where appropriate, comments are also included. Directions to various properties are as specific as possible without a field check; some of the data used to construct those directions were collected prior to 1960 and may not reflect existing roads and landmarks. Figures 2 through 23, scaled at 1:1,000,000, can be used as overlays to the U.S.G.S. indices for topographic maps. If the reader knows of omissions in the tables we would appreciate being informed of them. Analysis of the data presented in figures 1 through 23 and tables 1 through 17 suggests that there have been at least two major episodes of uranium deposition in the eastern United States. In the Precambrian there were apparently five major loci for the introduction and/or dispersion of uranium: northwestern Michigan, northwestern North Carolina; a belt extending from eastern Pennsylvania, across northern New Jersey, to southeastern New York; the northwestern Adirondack Mountains, New York; and the southern Green Mountains, Vermont. During the Jurassic, the1 White Mountain plutonic series of New England apparently was the source of uranium in that area and provided several loci for its dispersion. A possible third episode of deposition may be related to the several periods of plutonism immediately preceeding the Devonian and ending with the closing of that Period. These times and loci of uranium enrichment should serve as a starting point for exploration. There are three principal processes that apparently operated to cause the dispersion and/or localization of uranium: metamorphism, plutonism and weathering. These processes formed four broadly defined genetic types of deposits: metamorphic (both regional and contact), igneous, hypogene, and supergene. The classification of any given occurrence is at best difficult and in this report has not been attempted. However, there are in the East representatives of all four types. Exploration will be Uranium occurence 4 Several uranium occurences in small area /H 8 29 0 100 20O 300 Miles i t____i 200 400 Kilometres Figure 1. Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of eastern United States greatly a_ided -through the recognition of the genetic type of .deposit being sought. The criteria for the recognition of and .exploration for hypogene and .supergene deposits are relatively .well ,knpwn, _but those criteria for igneous and metamorphic deposits are poorly defined. In addition to knowing a region's -tectonic and thermal history the following kinds of data are useful In .recognizing potentially uraniferous igneous terrains: .igneous rock composition (late-stage differentiates with high values of ;SjLJjLca, a.luminum, and potassium seem to be favorable -.targets), type of host rock (the magma and associated possibly uraniferpus flu.ids must .be contained by the host), mode and depth of emplacement, and .local tectonics at the time of emplacement £rnd crystallization. Theoretical, experimental, and emperical data relating to metamorphic deposits are very scarce. Exploration o.f a .metamorphic terrain might proceed from the determination of pre-metamorphic stratigraphy and the identification of possible pre-metamorphic sedimentary and igneous deposits or .zones that may have had low-grade eoncentrations pf uranium. The physical and chemical conditions leading to uranium movement and concentration during metamorphism have yet -to be defined.. The potential for metaraorphic uranium deposits, especially .in the Precambrian terrains, is probably greater than :fpr any other non-sedimentary type of uranium deposit in the eastern United States. Table 1 Uranium occurrences in non-sedimentary rocks of Alabama [for location see figure no. 2] Location Name Mineralogy Host Comments Location Source ol No. informal 1. Bell Phyllite The deposit occurs as a thin seam in graphitic Cleburne County. The property is, about 11.2 SINE Property phyllite which overlies a mica schist. One sample km northeast
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