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IMMIGRATION LAW REPORTER Fourth Series/Quatri`Eme S´Erie Recueil De Jurisprudence En Droit De L’Immigration VOLUME 5 (Cited 5 Imm IMMIGRATION LAW REPORTER Fourth Series/Quatri`eme s´erie Recueil de jurisprudence en droit de l’immigration VOLUME 5 (Cited 5 Imm. L.R. (4th)) EDITORS-IN-CHIEF/REDACTEURS´ EN CHEF Cecil L. Rotenberg, Q.C. Mario D. Bellissimo, LL.B. Barrister & Solicitor Ormston, Bellissimo, Rotenberg Don Mills, Ontario Toronto, Ontario Certified Specialist Certified Specialist ASSOCIATE EDITOR/REDACTEUR´ ADJOINT Randolph Hahn, D.PHIL.(OXON), LL.B. Guberman, Garson Toronto, Ontario Certified Specialist CARSWELL EDITORIAL STAFF/REDACTION´ DE CARSWELL Cheryl L. McPherson, B.A.(HONS.) Director, Primary Content Operations Directrice des activit´es li´ees au contenu principal Graham B. Peddie, LL.B. Product Development Manager Sharon Yale, LL.B., M.A. Jennifer Weinberger, B.A.(HONS.), Supervisor, Legal Writing J.D. Supervisor, Legal Writing Peter Bondy, B.A.(HONS.), LL.B. Heather Stone, B.A., LL.B. Lead Legal Writer Lead Legal Writer Rachel Bernstein, B.A.(HONS.), J.D. Peggy Gibbons, B.A.(HONS.), LL.B. Legal Writer Senior Legal Writer Jim Fitch, B.A., LL.B. Stephanie Hanna, B.A., M.A., LL.B. Senior Legal Writer Senior Legal Writer Mark Koskie, B.A.(HONS.), M.A., LL.B. Nicole Ross, B.A., LL.B. Legal Writer Legal Writer Amanda Stewart, B.A.(HONS.), LL.B. Martin-Fran¸cois Parent, LL.B., Senior Legal Writer LL.M., DEA (PARIS II) Bilingual Legal Writer Erin McIntosh, B.A.(HONS.) Content Editor IMMIGRATION LAW REPORTER, a national series of topical law reports, Recueil de jurisprudence en droit de l’immigration, une s´erie nationale de is published twelve times per year. Subscription rate $379 per bound volume recueils de jurisprudence sp´ecialis´ee, est publi´e 12 fois par anne´e. including parts. Indexed: Carswell’s Index to Canadian Legal Literature. L’abonnement est de 379 $ par volume reli´e incluant les fascicules. Indexa- tion : Index a` la documentation juridique au Canada de Carswell. Editorial Offices are also located at the following address: 430 rue St. Pierre, Le bureau de la r´edaction est situ´e a` Montr´eal — 430, rue St. Pierre, Mon- Montr´eal, Qu´ebec, H2Y 2M5. tr´eal, Qu´ebec, H2Y 2M5. ________ ________ © 2012 Thomson Reuters Canada Limited © 2012 Thomson Reuters Canada Limit´ee NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER: All rights reserved. No part of this publica- MISE EN GARDE ET AVIS D’EXONERATION´ DE RESPON- tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any SABILITE´ : Tous droits r´eserv´es. Il est interdit de reproduire, m´emoriser sur form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or un syst`eme d’extraction de donn´ees ou de transmettre, sous quelque forme ou otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher (Carswell). par quelque moyen que ce soit, electronique´ ou m´ecanique, photocopie, enre- gistrement ou autre, tout ou partie de la pr´esente publication, a` moins d’en avoir pr´ealablement obtenu l’autorisation ecrite´ de l’´editeur, Carswell. 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(c) to anyone to reproduce any part of this publication for the purposes of « Instance judiciaire » comprend une instance devant une cour, un tribunal ou parliamentary proceedings. une personne ayant l’autorit´e de d´ecider sur toute chose affectant les droits ou les responsabiliti´es d’une personne. “Judicial proceedings” include proceedings before any court, tribunal or per- Ni Carswell ni aucune des autres personnes ayant particip´e a` la r´ealisation et son having authority to decide any matter affecting a person’s legal rights or a` la distribution de la pr´esente publication ne fournissent quelque garantie liabilities. que ce soit relativement a` l’exactitude ou au caract`ere actuel de celle-ci. 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This sonnes ayant particip´e a` son elaboration´ n’assument quelque responsabilit´e publication is provided on the understanding and basis that none of Carswell, que ce soit relativement a` l’exactitude ou au caract`ere actuel de son contenu the author/s or other persons involved in the creation of this publication shall ou au r´esultat de toute action prise sur la foi de l’information qu’elle be responsible for the accuracy or currency of the contents, or for the results renferme, ou ne peuvent etreˆ tenus responsables de toute erreur qui pourrait of any action taken on the basis of the information contained in this publica- s’y etreˆ gliss´ee ou de toute omission. tion, or for any errors or omissions contained herein. La participation d’une personne a` la pr´esente publication ne peut en aucun cas etreˆ consid´er´ee comme constituant la formulation, par celle-ci, d’un avis No one involved in this publication is attempting herein to render legal, ac- juridique ou comptable ou de tout autre avis professionnel. Si vous avez counting, or other professional advice. If legal advice or other expert assis- besoin d’un avis juridique ou d’un autre avis professionnel, vous devez tance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. retenir les services d’un avocat ou d’un autre professionnel. Les analyses The analysis contained herein should in no way be construed as being either comprises dans les pr´esentes ne doivent etreˆ interpr´et´ees d’aucune fa¸con official or unofficial policy of any governmental body. comme etant´ des politiques officielles ou non officielles de quelque organ- isme gouvernemental que ce soit. 8 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 Le papier utilis´e dans cette publication satisfait aux exigences minimales American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Pa- de l’American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of per for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ISSN 0835-3808 ISBN 978-0-7798-4649-8 Printed in Canada by Thomson Reuters CARSWELL, A DIVISION OF THOMSON REUTERS CANADA LIMITED One Corporate Plaza Customer Relations 2075 Kennedy Road Toronto 1-416-609-3800 Toronto, Ontario Elsewhere in Canada/U.S. 1-800-387-5164 M1T 3V4 Fax 1-416-298-5082 www.carswell.com E-mail www.carswell.com/email IMMIGRATION LAW REPORTER Fourth Series/Quatri`eme s´erie Recueil de jurisprudence en droit de l’immigration [Indexed as: Perez Romano c. Canada (Ministre de la Citoyennet´e & de l’Immigration)] Armando Perez Romano, Leticia Martinez Lopez, Armando Perez Martinez, Karen Dayana Perez Martinez, Applicants and The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Respondent Federal Court Docket: IMM-394-11 2011 FC 1145, 2011 CF 1145 Michel M.J. Shore J. Heard: September 27, 2011 Judgment: October 7, 2011 Immigration and citizenship –––– Refugee protection — Elements of pro- tected refugee status — Protection of country of nationality — Internal flight alternative –––– Principal applicant, his spouse, son, and daughter were citizens of Mexico — Applicants lived in house made available to them by spouse’s father — Principal applicant alleged that in September 2008 two gang members stormed into family home to take possession of it, threatened to kill applicants, and confined and mistreated them for four days — Applicants es- caped and temporarily took refuge with uncle, who was also threatened — Ap- plicants did not file complaint with Mexican authorities because they feared re- taliation — Principal applicant came to Canada in October 2008, followed by his spouse and children in December 2008 — Refugee Protection Division (RPD) found applicants not to be Convention refugees or persons in need of protection — Applicants brought application for judicial review of decision of RPD — Application granted — RPD’s decision was unreasonable — Suggested internal flight alternative had to be safe and such that it would not be objectively unreasonable for applicant to seek refuge there — Crucial parts of documentary evidence and transcript of principal applicant’s testimony were not examined and analyzed by RPD — Finding that states of Yucat´an and Zacatecas were valid internal flight alternatives was unreasonable and was not supported by documentary evidence cited by RPD — Testimonial evidence that applicant could have been personally targeted was never taken into account or noted in 2 IMMIGRATION LAW REPORTER 5 Imm. L.R. (4th) RPD’s decision — RPD’s presumption that applicants were victims of genera- lized crime was not supported by objective evidence — RPD should have con- sidered documentary evidence that showed spreading of criminal gang and care- fully analyzed applicant’s testimony in order to understand full significance of context of situation — This case turned on its own facts, consequently, different finding could be made even with respect to facts that were slightly different.
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