March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8309 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TORRANCE SCHOOL DISTRICT Mr. Clyde A. Perdiew, Miss Olive Mar­ cuit-riding mountain missionary, James RECOGNITION BANQUET shall, Mr. Howard C. Shoen, Mrs. Lorene Floyd Fletcher. D. Shoup, Mr. Joseph M. Stuart, Mrs. At the recent dedicatory exercises, the Ruthann H. White, Dr. Harold S. Wid­ Rev. Mr. Morriss delivered an inspiring HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON ney, Mrs. Kathryn N. Widney, Mrs. Marie address, "The Continuing Mission Story." OF CALIFORNIA. B. Zillman and Mrs. Rose C. Franklin. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Also retiring are: Mr. Virgil U. Bau­ dent, that the text of Mr. Morriss' ad­ Friday, March 21, 1975 guess, Mr. Edmund F. Curtis, Mr. Salva­ dress be printed in the REcORD at the tore F. Grasso, Mr. Erwin B. Jarrett, Mrs. conclusion of my remarks. Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Beulah Latham, Mr. Courtney R. Mun­ There being no objection, the address Speaker, our educational system repre­ sey, Mr. Charles A. Newville, Mr. Leonard was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, sents one of the most important factors L. Powell, Mr. Ray R. Arnett, Mrs. Ber­ in America today. No other segment of as follows: nice J. Lee, Mr. Cecil H. Butts, Mr. Ed­ THE CONTINUING MISSION STORY our society has such a direct bearing on ward W. Ford, Mr. Merlin M. Trepp, Mrs. (By Rev. L. J. Morriss) our hopes for the future, since it deals Ethel L. Eddy, Mrs. Wilma C. Williams, with the preparation of our youth to "And as Moses lift ed up the serpent in the and Mrs. May L. Sherfy. wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be face the challenges the future presents. Mr. Speaker, the influence of these men lifted up; that whosoever believeth in Him The men and women who serve in our and women will never stop; it will con­ should not perish, but have eternal life." educational institutions are more than tinue to be felt in future generations. The events we share today really began mere employees. Administrators, secre­ The philosophical tenets of the Tor­ more than 118 years ago, and sprang from taries, teachers, custodians-these peo­ rance Unified School District state that: the life of a Godly mountain preacher who ple are the very heart of the schools they Education is a dynamic, evolving relation­ served the Lord with all his heart. The verse serve. Without them, there would be no I have read is the text of his life, and when ship with subject matter the means, man the he retired, it was said of him, "I have never education for the leaders of tomorrow. product, and society the result. On April 10, 1975, the Torrance Uni· known, in all my varied and extensive ex­ fied School District of California will Because of the dedication of these in­ perience, a human being who more faithfully dividuals to that philosophy, we can look and unswervingly "lifted up" Christ ·in his hold a banquet in honor of 32 outstand­ life." ing employes who are retiring after many to the future with great optimism and Our story begins with the birth of James years of dedicated service. hope. Floyd Fletcher, born in a log cabin on No­ Buildings, classrooms, books-these are For this our entire community, and the vember 11, 1858 on Beaver Creek in Ashe not the important aspects of a school Nation, is eternally grateful. County. The first years of his life were "full It of fearsome scenes and incidents-guns, system. is the men and women who soldiers, dead men and frightening days", use them, along with the student, who due to the Civil War. "But no one came to turn our educational institutions into liv­ CONTINUING MISSION STORY my mother's house asking for food, and went ing, vibrant centers of human experience. away hungary." Those who work in our schools are not When young Floyd was 12 years old, he drawn into them by visions of personal HON. JESSE A. HELMS received his first Bible for having memorized wealth or dreams of renown. Instead, OF NORTH CARO~A 679 verses of Script ure. A year later, he made his profession of faith in Christ at the they are faced with the purpose of teach­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ing our children the knowledge they will Methodist church in Jefferson; shortly after Friday, March 21, 1975 he joined the Bapt ist church there and need when they are ready to assume their worked as a printer's devil in a local print responsibilities as the next generation of Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, a few shop to help support his family. At seven­ leaders. weeks ago, dedicatory exercises were held teen, he received a certificate to teach school When we think of schools, we usually in Raleigh, N.C., for a remarkable facility. and secured the old Pugh school that same think of teachers. Certainly, the in­ Quite appropriately, this facility bears fall. structors have the most direct respon­ the name of a remarkable man, son of The failure of a visiting preacher to arrive sibility for the education of our children. a remarkable father. to lead services was God's means of reaching the heart cf young Floyd. Twice he and two They deserve our highest praise and The facility is the A. J. Fletcher Bap­ of his friends walked several miles to attend gratitude. tist Communications Center. The man preaching at the home of a local doctor, and However, we often forget the adminis­ is A. J. Fletcher, son of a devout moun­ both times were disappointed because the trators who keep the schools running. We tain missionary of long ago. In a mo­ circuit preacher did not arrive. While walk­ forget the custodial and maintenance ment, I shall share with Senators the ing back home the second time, the three staffs who see to the upkeep and develop­ text of remarks made by Rev. L. J. Mor­ boys decided to lead a community prayer ment of the buildings and facilities. The riss, director of the center. service of their own, and from that day on, young Floyd, who was only 18 years old, never secretaries and assistants who work in Countless thousands of North Caro­ stopped preaching. almost all aspects of education rarely re­ linians know both Mr. Fletcher and Working in pioneer areas of west ern North ceive mention. Yet their jobs are also im­ Jimmy Mon·iss. Jimmy has built a tre­ Carolina and Virginia, James Floyd Fletcher portant to education. They too, along mendously effective ministry through the struggled to promote the cause of missions with the instructors, deserve our grati­ use of radio and television. Millions of in an era when missions as we know them tude and recognition. Americans, including the deaf and the today, were not only undeveloped, but were Mr. Speaker, this is why those of us in blind, the elderly and the shut-ins, have an explosive and controversial issue, causing government, as well as the public, ·owe so an opportunity to worship regularly as a bitter factions in the church. He became a much to educational personnel. Those 32 modern Apostle Paul, visiting and strength­ result of Jimmy Morriss' untiring ef­ ening the churches, always preaching mis­ persons who are retiring in my district forts. And Jimmy would be the first to sions when often not even one person present personify the qualities that have made acknowledge that Mr. A. J. Fletcher has believed in missions. our educational system so outstanding. been largely responsible for the success At age 18, Floyd Flet cher married a beau­ Their true reward is not only in the fu­ of all of the various Christian programs, tlful, blackeyed girl, Louisa Barker, and to­ ture; their reward is the future. both radio and television, which Jimmy gether they established a Christian home for I would like to offer a word of thanks produces and distributes among broad­ the nurture of 14 children, nine of whom to these men and women, who have given casting stations in so many States. grew into adulthood. Times were unbelieva­ so much of themselves to set our chil­ This is far more than an instance of bly hard as he recorded in his diary-"I often dren on the paths they must take in the had to borrow a coat, hat or pair of shoes to effective use of audiovisual communica­ wear to my appointment, but I kept going. future. tions. It is a tremendous christian wit­ The weather did not hinder, lack of clothes Those retiring are: Mrs. June K. Allen, ness for countless thousands of people. did not hinder, lack of conveyance did not Mrs. Clarine G. Hamllton, Mrs. D. Pearl Mr. Fletcher contributed $50,000 to­ hinder. I reasoned, God said GO. He gave Hebert, Mrs. Ellen L. Lyon, Mr. Patrick ward the cost of the center. He did it in me two feet and goBd health and provided K. McManus, Mrs. Ada Belle D. Myers, memory of his beloved father-that cir- no other conveyance. Children came--some 8310 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 dled-thelr mother was an Invalid, heart dis­ ease and rheumatism. We 11ved 8 miles from transportation control measures should previously unthinkable strategies involving the doctor and 1 could not, on our Uttle be made available. • control of existing transportation, and farm, make enough to keep doctor bllls paid. This common theme was echoed in projected land uses. Today the question is God only knows how we lived, but we never the testimony of Los Angeles Mayor Tom not whether such controls are realistic, but reached a place when there was not a bl t of Bradley. As the mayor of the city most who should administer them. anything ln the }louse to eat. One morning severely impacted by the regulations pro­ The practlca.l etrect o! the EPA's etrorts to tho, when Fred was a baby, I ate corn bread devise strategies to meet these enormous mulgated under the Clean Air Act. the challenges has been to awaken state and and water for breakfast." views of Mayor Bradley should be es­ For 48 years, .James Floyd Fletcher served local governments to their responsibility our Lord in western North Carollna and Vir­ pecially enlightening to my colleagues to implement programs which wlll be ef­ ginia with just this depth of dedication. who wish to know what the Clean Air fective. on the greater scale which has What are the fruits of a life such as this? Act actually means to cities. emerged, while preserving the social and This one man established 12 churches, was I. will conclude my own comments by economic well-being of their constituents appointed missionary for 36 consecutive years as well. I would like to illustrate how this notmg that Los Angeles believes it can has occurred: by either the North Carolina or Virg1nla con­ IiV:e with t~e Clean Air Act. with only ventions and was the driving force that re­ In 1973, the EPA issued a Transportation opend and firmly establlshed Oak Hlll Acad­ mmor modifications. as indicated in the Control Plan containing measures which emy, the first Baptist board school for the attached testimony. And if Los Angeles. were clearly untenable in Los Angeles be­ hlgh school grades in western Virginia and the most severely impacted city can do cause of our extreme dependence on the the first to admit girls to these grades. He It. then other cities which are less se­ automobile. The obvious necessity of find­ served as pastor to the school for many years verely impacted can live with the Clean ing and providing realistic alternatives lit also. Air Act. an unprecedented spark o! cooperation Over a century has passed, but the mlsslon The testimony follows: among local Jurisdictions 1n our part of the zeal or this Godly man lives on today, not Nation. only ln the lives of the children and grand­ TESTDdONY Oi' NORMAN H. EMERsoN ON BE­ A local agencies task force was formed, and HALF OF MAYOR TOK BRADLEY, CITY OF Los in a very short period, a plan of transpor­ chlldren of the thousands he baptized into ANGELES Christ's Kingdom, but also in the life of his tation controls was developed and submitted Crry OF Los ANGELES son, Mr. A. J. Fletcher. Mr. Fletcher has ex­ by the joint members of the task force to the tended hls father's ministry into our day Mr. Chairman, members of the Subcom­ Environmental Protection Agency. through generous gifts to Oak Hill Academy, mittee, my name is Norman H. Emerson. Subsequently, the EPA included many of which is still influencing young people for Executive Assistant to Mayor Bradley. Un­ the task force's recommendations in a re­ Christ in western North Carol1na and Vir­ fortunately, the Mayor was not able to trav­ vised Transportation Control Plan, and ginia, through substantial support of an ed­ el to Washington and present testimony added parking surcharge, parking manage­ ucational annex to the Fletcher Memorial on the important issue !acing the Commit­ ment, and gasoline rationing measures to Baptist Church in West Jefferson. and tee. Therefore, I w1ll be speaking on his be­ bring a massive reduotion in vehicle miles through his continuing interest and half this morning. travelled (VMT), 1n order to achieve the support of hls own church here 1n As you know, Los Angeles is no stranger National Ambient A1r Quality Standards by Raleigh. The mission zeal kindled by the to air pollution-we have been coping with 1977. At the time of this announcement, the living example of his father has culminated it longer, and possibly with more concerted Acting Adminlstrator acknowledged that the 1n our purpose today, the dedication of the efforts, than any other area of the Nation. gas limitation provlslon could not be en­ A. J. Fletcher Baptist Communications Cen­ For years, we in Southern Callfornia have forced without catastrophic results, and that ter. His $50,000 challenge gift to the Baptists been growing increasingly aware that our eventual amendment of the Clean Air Act of North Carolina, to be used to equip this air pollution was steadily worsening. At the would be mandatory. Center, has made possible our entry into the same time, as our anXiety rose, there seemed Nevertheless, a dialogue has been opened open door of radio, cablevision, closed circuit no way that we could participate in a solu­ between federal and local governments, and and television ministries in a new and vital tion to the problem-It was everywhere, and a basis for local initiative had been es­ way. His continuing support o! Baptist tele­ yet it was regarded as a highly specialized, tablished. vision ministries to the deaf, the unchurched technological problem. First, incinerators Subsequently, following promulgation 1n and to youth, through providing production were banned, then industry brought under August 1974 by the Environmental Protec­ fac111ties and statt at the studios of WRAL­ stronger control, and then finally we dis­ tion Agency of Its parking management reg­ TV here In Raleigh, have provided an almost covered that we, ourselves, in our automo­ ulations, we reconvened the task force to priceless tool in proclaiming the Gospel to biles, represented the largest single part of prepare an appropriate response. In an ef­ men in our day. Surely God has blessed this this problem. fort to demonstrate a good faith effort, we man and has blessed us through him as he It was tlle automobile which gave Los a.re transmitting to EPA a program for de­ has carried out the teachings of his father. Angeles its moblllty, its spread out pattern veloping a local parking management plan. It is with grateful hearts that we are gath­ ot growth, and its unique quality of free­ Attached 1s an outline of the program ered here today to 15hare 1n the continuing dom. Now it seemed that the automobile was which we intend to finalize by Summer of story of missions in North Caronna and to going to blight this good ll!e. And we had no 1975. (See Attachment I.) The program is honor our friend. way o! dealing as a community, with this part o! a region-wide effort being jointly vehicle we had become dependent upon. It sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation had made each of us Individually free and Administration and the Environmental Pro­ now lt threatened all o! us together. tection Agency. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND THE The splrlt of freedom in Southern Califor­ During the last year a number of other ac­ nia Is reflected 1n the fierce independence tions have been taken 1n Southern Cali­ CLEAN AIR ACT of its sovereign incorporated clties-78 of fornia, to reduce auto use and vehicle miles them 1n Los Angeles County alone. And yet traveled. It is important to note that many it 1s possible to drive through 15 cities 1n of these actions have dual objectives: 1m­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. 30 minutes on a freeway. In light o! the proving air quality and conserving energy re­ OF CALIFORNL\ .. balkanization" o! individual local juris­ sources. These actions include: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dictions, control of moving sources was Adoption by the Southern California As­ Friday, March 21, 1975 shifted to the State government in 1967, and sociation of Governments, (SCAG) the met­ we here in the troubled area were further --ropolitan planning organization for the re­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ isolated from the power to improve our gion, of a Short Range Regional Transpor­ er, during the course of the recent hear­ situation to help ourselves. tation Plan, with a goal of reducing VMT by ings on the Clean Air Act some general Then, 1n 1970, the major lnltlatlve moved 20%, with specific elements for: themes were raised by city and county to the federal government, with passage of Preferential Treatment for High-Occupan- the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970. cy Vehicles governments. The National Association In the four years and two monts this law has Traffic Control Improvements of Counties. the National League of been in effect, we have finally: Carpool Action Programs Cities, and the U.S. Conference of 1. Measured the true extent of the air Bus-related Improvements Mayors testified that the deadline for pollution problem for the :ftrst time. The Commuter Ran Service complying with auto emission standards Environmental Protection AgencTs 82% gas Bicycle Related Improvements should not be extended, the Environ­ rationing proposal for Los Angeles was (See Attachments n & ill.) mental Protection Agency should be re­ greeted. with shock and scorn, but the point Implementation by the Southern Califor- quired to cooperate with city and county had been made-No longer coUld we confine nia Rapid Transit District of a bus service our ettorts to carburetor and ignition ad­ improvement program with the following governments in a more integrated fash­ justments, and a partial control of station­ components: ion. and money to implement the neces­ ary sources. A 25c flat fare, which has increased rider­ sary programs of air poDution emission 2. Citizen suits have forced the EPA to ship by more than 100,000 riders per work­ control, and the related land use and look the problem in the face, and to utter day. March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 831l Increased bus fleet by more than 400 proposals regarding amendment of the Clean auto emission control devices alone will not buses, with 300 more buses planned by this Air Act: permit most of California's urban areas to summer. Federal Preemption-We strongly support achieve and maintain federal air quality Park and ride lots in 15 different locations. continuation of a "California Waiver" in the standards. Land use and transportation plan­ Implementation of two major grid bus Act which would permit the setting of strict­ ning measures in some form will be neces­ systems. er (than the National) standards to meet sary, together with strict enforcement of Completion of the El Monte Busway (sim­ the state's more severe air quality problem. controls on primary sources, to achieve ilar to the Shirley Expressway Virglnla/ Since 1969, the state has utilized the ex­ healthy air quality in the foreseeable future. Washington, D.C.), stimulating a 300% in­ isting waiver and has achieved greater prog­ Much confusion and doubt has been gen­ crease in ridership from suburban Los An­ ress in reducing individual automobile emis­ erated about the effectiveness of certain geles County to the Los Angeles Central Busi­ sions than any other state in the Nation. To transportation control measures designed to ness District (CBD). (See Attachment IV.) maintain and build upon this momentum, reduce vehicle emissions, such as an indirect The C1 ty of Los Angeles has taken similar California must have the authority to ad­ or complex source review. Whether or not steps, for ex~mple: vance its own air pollution program at a pace any single land use or transportation strat­ Establishment of one lane of a major down­ ahead of other less smog-impacted areas. egy 1s valid, however, does not diminish town street !or use as a contra-flow bus lane Auto Emission Control Standards-We op­ recognition of the eventual need 1n the criti­ to speed commuters from the El Monte Bus­ pose any delay in the scheduled implemen­ cal air basins to reduce vehicle emissions by way through the Los Angeles CBD. tation of stricter Federal automobile control supplementing strict controls on primary or Implementation of a $700,000 regional com­ emission standards. direct sources With air quality planning for puter car pool matching program. California wlll be maintaining the 1977 indirect sources. An arrangement with the Rapid Transit standards. We have not seen convincing evi­ Comprehensive Areawide Planning Agency District for implementation of a subscrip­ dence to justify a delay for California or the to Implement Land Use and Transportation tion bus program for City employees. rest of the Country. The potential sulfate Planning. We support Incentives In the Clean Development of a dial-a-ride community problem must be dealt with directly-em­ Alr Act that land use and transportation transit program. ploying every available option in mitigating measures to achieve air quality be under­ Expansion of a mlni-bus program in down­ and averting any potential problem before taken by a basinwide, comprehensive plan­ town Los Angeles. it reaches significant proportions. Such a ning agency composed of at least half locally We believe these actions to be positive strategy should include the setting of a 1977 elected officials which also has jurisdiction and we will continue to work for implemen­ sulfate standard. over region-wide transportation, water-re­ tation of meaningful programs to reduce auto Ambient Alr Quality Standards-We sup­ lated and land use planning programs. use and vehicle miles traveled. But the air port the existing federal primary ambient Although an areawide planning agency pollution problem in Southern California is air quality standards, which relate to the with such responslbllitles as described above stlll a severe health problem. For example, protection of public health and recommend is desperately needed in California, such an recent studies have shown that air quality that ambient standards, as minimum stand­ agency which has the authority to enforce in the South Coast Air Basin deteriorated ards, continue to be uniform nationwide. lts planning decisions has not yet been during 1974, almost equaling levels not Such standards should be subject to future established. Encouragement through the pro­ reached since 1971. In particular, levels of review whenever new evidence emerges con­ Visions of the Clean Air Act would be wel­ oxidant, the principal constituent of smog, cerning their valldlty. An immediate com­ come. However, air quality-related land use escalated noticeably. Within Los Angeles prehensive study to improve knowledge of and transportation planning should still be County, the days on which State standards health effects of oxidants and sulfates would coordinated With competing regional or state for total oxidant (a 1-hour average of .10 be beneficial. land use and transportation priorities. Local ppm) was equalled or exceeded rose from In the absence of sufficient evidence chal­ agencies acting lndivldually, or a compre­ 185 in 1973 to 215 in 1974, almost equalllng lenging the standards, we belleve it prudent hensive areawide planning agency, in coop­ the 1971 total of 218 days. Additionally, re­ and responsible to support the National eration With the Governor or the State Air search over the last three years by scientists Academy of Sciences• conclusion that ..ln Resources Board, should retain the legal abil­ shows that pollutants generated in Los An­ general, the evidence that has accumulated ity and indeed obligation to weigh air quality geles and Orange Counties reached inland since the promulgation of the Federal ambl· objectives against other social, economic or communities by mid to late afternoon and ent air quallty standards by the EPA Ad· environmental objectives, particularly 1! the can hit rural areas more than 100 miles away. minlstrator on April 30, 1971, supports those achievement of air quality objectives would It has been estimated that emission in the standards." result in unreasonable disruption or prevent amount that comes from Los Angeles County Extension of 1977 Statutory Deadlines­ the achievement of programs to cure serious could cause Federal ozone standards of .08 We support amendments to the Act which economic and social problems. The proce­ part per million (ppm) to be exceeded at would permit the EPA Admlnlstrator to dures and criteria for balancing air quality­ least as far as 160 miles away. extend the 1977 air quality achievement related land use and transportation plans Mayor Bradley is deeply concerned With deadines, following a case by case review against competing considerations would be recent Administration proposals to amend elements of the implementation or compli­ by the EPA Admlnlstrator, (1) for air basins ance plan. the Clean Air Act to reduce the current where all reasonable control efforts are now momentum we possess in Southern Cali­ in effect, and (2) 1! a compliance or imple­ Improve Fuel Efficiency-We urge that a fornia. In a recent letter to Russell Train mentation schedule is established by agree­ mandatory fuel efficiency program, establish­ the Mayor stated: ment of EPA, the Governor, and the appro­ ing a minimum average fuel improvement of "At a time when the public and local priate comprehensive regional and local plan­ 40%, be incorporated into the Clean Air Act. officials are working to reduce auto use it ning agencies requiring specific increments Our experience With auto pollution control would be unwise and counter-productive to of progress toward achievement and main­ shows that a voluntary fuel efficiency im­ grant a delay in direct source auto emission tenance of the national ambient air qualtty provement program will not work. There is standards." standards. After such an approvable sched­ convincing evidence that we don't need to It may be instructive to point out that last ule has been developed, time limits re­ sacrlflce auto emission standards to achieve year before a Senate Subcommittee, Mr. lated to speclflc measurable steps toward increased fuel efficiency. A recent joint EPA/ Train testified that: achievement would substitute for the exist­ DOT report documented that a 40% increase "It we were to postpone the requirements ing statutory deadlines. in gas mileage can be reached by 1980 with· for auto emissions for a year, the nation's An open-ended or unconditional exten­ out altering the Act's requirements. The re­ overall momentum in achieving health­ sion is unwarranted because it could offer port also stated that fuel efficiency improve­ related air quallty standards would su1fer. "relief" from the Act to regions which can ments by 60% could be reached by 1985. Ad· ... A postponement would require that achieve the federal standards using reason­ ditionally a report by the Committee on some transportation control plans would able efforts in the very near future. On the Motor Vehicle Emissions of the NAS came to have to be made more stringent." other hand, a compliance and implementa­ a similar conclusion. tion schedule for "long term achievers" in Assured Availability of Mass Transit Vehi­ Mayor Bradley holds the strong position cles and Assistance-We recommend that the that we should not waver from a basic com­ critical air basins would provide state and Congress and Administration take specific mitment to the integrity of the Clean Air local officials With a speclflc timetable and action to assure that bus manufacturers Act. The health of the American people must a series of milestones ln air quality progress be protected against environmental hazards. which would be helpful in developing a produce buses in adequate quantities and in We must beware of attempts to "balance en­ sense of urgency, in sustalnlng a coordi­ time for effective utilization in air pollution vironmental concerns With energy require­ nated intergovernmental response to the air impacted regions. State and local revenue ments''. This position may be shortsighted, quallty problem, and in providing a measure sources need to be supplemented by major for it assumes environmental standards are of effort and progress against which the and long-term commitment of priority fed­ a "commodity" that can be bartered. Yet, as l,ndivldual cltJzen could evaluate achieve­ eral funding. you know, many elements of implementa­ ment. The effectiveness of land use and trans­ tion plans have been deleted, administra­ Land Use and Transportation Planning to portation planning and control programs de­ tively or by Congress, on a piece-meal basis. Achieve Air Quality Standards. We acknowl­ pends largely upon the ava.llabWty of attrac­ In view of the Mayor's basic position I edge that 1n the absence of an a.lmost tota.lly tive, convenient, and e11lcl.ent alternatives to would like to make the following specific clean engine, which 1s not yet on the horizon, low-occupancy auto use. Buses would appear 8312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2 .~, 1975 to play the biggest role in these efforts to ernmental officials are frustrated by the with jail and a fine if we did not pro­ reduce vehicle miles traveled. But bus avaU- lack of comprehension by the Federal duce air quality plans acceptable to the ab111ty is a severe problem to the Nation's Government of the problems actually bureaucrats in Washington. cities. In Southern Callfornia it takes ap- facing local government. I do not claim, proximately nine to ten months from order Occasionally the Federal Government to delivery to receive full supply of buses and never have claimed, that Federal gets burned with this type of legislation. ordered. legislators and bureaucrats are evil peo- For instance, Congress passed a Meat In­ In a recent report the Southern California pie, trying to destroy local government, spection Act which required that States Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) noted: and bent on making conditions as un- enact meat inspection laws meeting Fed­ "Although the District had placed orders pleasant as they can. Rather, I have eral standards. If the States did not, the early in 1974 for 300 full-sized buses, the argued that they are inexperienced in threat ran, the Federal Government large backlog of orders made it impossible local government, and so far removed would step in. Faced with this situation, to receive delivery until December (1974). physically from the problems they seek when General Motors units arrived." most States did the obvious thing, and A recent order by the SCRTD placed with to solve that they cannot help but pro­ dropped their meat inspection programs, Rohr Inc., of San Diego has been delayed for duce results which are worse than the which were, of course, quite adequate, 4 to 6 weeks because of backlog problems, original problems. leaving Washington to do the work, and including a six-month backlog in wheel de- One of the prime examples of the lack pick up the tab. liveries. Rohr bus production capabi11ty has of understanding is the passion found in A similar situation is now brewing decreased from 15 buses per day in 1970 to 8 the Congress for enacting legislation a day in 1975. The President of Rohr, which with respect to pesticide control. The produces about 35% of the municipal buses which overrides, or supersedes, State and 1972 amendments to the Federal Insec­ built in the u.s., recently stated that It Is local laws. The courts have long since ticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act­ now turning down business because it can't established the legal point that when FIFRA-provided that certain pesticides get the money it needs to increase its pro- Federal and State laws conflict, the lat­ could only be applied by "certified ap­ duction capacity. - ter must give way. Indeed, the Nation plicators," and that the applicators The Congress has an urgent responsib111ty fought a long and bloody war over the would be certified by the States. Since to generate expanded bus production in this point, and I know of no one who is pres- Country. such expansion may come about t · · ·t h t · t 1 · most States have a pesticide regulatory only if the Congress legislates appropriate en ly rrusmg 1 • W a 1S no so c ear 1S program, it was not widely thought that controls and incentives. The Mayor believes that the Federal Government ought to there would be a problem with this pro­ that the congress must act to require the step in wherever it thinks best, and pass vision, until the Environmental Protec­ auto industry to produce more energy em- laws which will supersede State laws, or tion Agency began to specify what kind cient vehicles including smaller autos and which will impose penalties unless State o.f training and certifying procedures a more buses. Last, it should be pointed out laws are enacted which conform to the State would have to provide. Now many that the bus production situation may be Federal law. States, my own included, are balking, symptomatic of a larger issue, as the Mayor Today, Mr. President, I would like to noted one year ago before the senate Sub- call the attention of the Senate to an and telling Washington to certify the committee on Antitrust and Monopoly: applicators. EPA is claiming that the "Congress has a responsibility to examine extremely absorbing article by Mr. James law gives them no authority to certify the auto industry which may be going B. Croy, a Research Associate with the applicators, since it has no budget to through a major transitional stage, affording Oklahoma Legislative Council, published carry out a function it is trying to im­ the nation an opportunity to redirect the in the current issue of State Govern­ pose on the States. Of course, the law priorities of the three major corporations ment, a publication of the Council of gave EPA no authority to require the which have such an enormous impact on the State Governments. Mr. Croy's article incredibly complex and expensive State nation. If the Congress is reluctant to act, outlines five types of Federal superses­ we may be faced with massive unemployment i h d lik t t• d · plans either, but that did not stop them. and economic stagnation, and subsequent sion, wh c I woul e o men Ion an The fourth type of supersession is one calls for spending of billions of dollars to comment on briefly. The first is "overt that prevents a State from acting where ball out the auto industry, as was the case supersession," so called because the Ian­ the Federal Government has. The Fed­ recently with aerospace companies." guage which characterizes it is clearly eral Cigarette Labeling Act, for instance, In closing Mr. Chairman, let me say that stated in the legislation itself: "the pro­ requires a Federal health warning, and Mayor Bradley stands ready to work with visions of this act shall supersede any prohibits any State from requiring any the Congress to develop constructive amend- and all laws of the States" and their ments to the Clean Air Act. In this regard, political subdivisions. A good example of additional or different warning. EPA also such legislation must acknowledge the fact this type of legislation, and one which claims that FIFRA as amended prohibits that California, and particularly Southern States from requiring any cautionary California, has severe health-related air qual- is particularly offensive to many citizens labeling not required by the EPA. And ity problems. We will pursue our responsi- of my State, is the Uniform Time Act that in the face of widely varying use bi11ty to institute t .. -ansportation controls of 1966, which burdens us with the patterns on different crops in different and other measures to minimize our air "spring forward, fall back" conundrum regions of the country, and the impossi­ pollution generating activity. In return, new twice a year. bility of a single label carrying all pos­ federal legislation must also maintain Cal- The second type of supersession Mr. lfornla's ability to deal directly with the Croy calls "unless-surprise,'' because sible variant use instructions. auto industry and the need to develop new th t te 1 •th th F d The last type of supersession in the and more effect.ive emission control systems, unless e S a aw agrees Wl e e - mandating of certain actions on the part or better yet, basic new engines which w111 era!, surprise, the State law falls. In Mr. of local officials by Federal officials. We not require r£ew add-on devices. The Mayor Croy's words: all know about the rivers of paperwork holds the position that a wholehearted re- If we agree, then we are both right; but flowing from the States and cities to treat from the integrity of the Clean Air 1t we disagree, then I alone am right. Washington and its regional offices, and Act is not in the best interest of the Nation, especia.Uy california. It is his hope that the Mr. Croy cites the Mine Safety Act I have warned on this floor of the budg­ Congress will seek a positive and forthright of 1971 and the campaign reform act of etary effects of certain interpretations of course to protect the public health in the the same year as examples, but here he the Fair Labor Standards Act am-end­ Nation's urban areas. could have multiplied examples without ments adopted last year. This same type Thank you. end. of supersession allows Federal officials "Enforced compliance" is the third to perform tasks which normally would type of supersession, often used in en­ be performed by local officials. Mr. Croy vironmental legislation. It is a type with cites the example of the 1965 Food and FEDERAL SUPERSESSION which I have had personal, and painful, Agriculture Act which allows the Secre­ experience. In these cases, the Federal tary of Agriculture to determine the ap­ law requires a State to act, and if it falls portionment of wheat acreage allotments, HON. JAKE GARN which the States normally would carry OF UTAH to· do so, for whatever reason, the Fed­ out. IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES eral Government will assume jurisdic­ tion in the area. Under authority of Mr. President, we face in this Nation Friday, March 21, 1975 Federal air quality legislation, the En­ challenges of incredible complexity, chal­ Mr. GARN. Mr. President, 1f I have vironmental Protection Agency threat­ lenges which will tax the best efforts of sounded a recurring theme since I came ened me, as Mayor of Salt Lake City, all men of good wlll to meet. As Federal to the U.S. Senate. lt is that local gov- and the Governor of the State of Utah legislators, we must be aware, not only March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8313 In an attempt to ascertain the form and vironmental and safety problems, the federal of the fact that local mayors, city coun­ effect of the supersession utilized by the na­ government's regulatory power over inter­ cillors, county commissioners, aldermen, tional government, I perused the United state commerce dwarfs any power which a Governors, and just plain people, are men states Statutes. at Large for the years 1964 State can possess. of good will, but of the fact that they are through 1973. This cursory and somewhat FIVE GENERAL CLASSES OF SUPERSESSION extraordinarily competent people. I am simplistic analysts revealed 48 acts which The supersessions encountered may be not saying that they could come back contain provisions of a supersessive nature.1 placed into five general categories. The first here to washington and run the Depart­ That the supersession is not always a major is the overt supersession, which 1s easily ment of HEW, but they do not have to thrust of the act--and indeed at times seems recognized because of its bluntness. Lan­ do that. What they can do is run their to have been completely superfluous-is not guage such as, .. It is hereby declared to be of importance here, for our interest is in the the intent of the Congress that the provisions local schools and health centers, and fact that the national level ~f government of this Act shall supersede any and all laws they can do that a whole lot better than has deemed it necessary to appropriate a of the States and political subdivisions there­ HEW can and better than they can do it power that a State possessed or to deprive of insofar as they may now or hereafter with HEW looking over their shoulders. the States of an opportunity to assume that provide for," leaves little doubt as to the de­ What someone needs to do is to make the power in the future. gree of autonomy which the federal legis­ point that the Apostle Paul made in a. It is important to understand that the 48 lative branch wishes to allow the States slightly different context: acts found to be supersessive are all, at the in a given area of regulation. This type of time of this writing, constitutionally valid. supersession is common, and about one half All things are lawful unto me but all things The federal government must have a consti­ of the supersessive acts surveyed contain this are not expedient. tutional basis for the assumption of power, language. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Court decisions have pretty well estab­ just as a State must have constitutianal au­ Uniform Time Act of 1966, the Fair Packag­ thority to govern in a given area. In my study ing and Labeling Act, and the Noise Control lished that the Federal Government can of supersessive language, I found five pro­ Act of 1972 all make use of this overt su­ do pretty much anything it wants to, un­ visions of the constitution of particular persession. der cover of the commerce clause of the import: A second type of supersession is what I call Constitution, or the taxing power, or The Congress shall have Power To lay and the "unless-surprise" type. Basically, thiS something. But we need to begin to re­ collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to category begins by stating that it is not the alize that Federal solutions are not always pay the Debts and provide for the common intent of Congress to supersede state author­ the best ones; that sometimes variance Defense and general Welfare of the United ity "unless" state law disagrees with the pro­ States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises visions of the federal act, in which case­ among the States is desirable, indeed shall be uniform throughout the Unltec! essential, if restrictive regulations and surprise-the State must give way. For in­ States (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) stance: guidelines are to be avoided. The Federal The Congress shall have Power . • . To "No provision of this chapter shall be con­ nature of this republic provides us with regulate Commerce with Foreign Nations, strued as indicating an intent on the part of a God-given opportunity for social ex­ and among the several States, and with the the Congress to occupy the field in which perimentation. One State can try some­ Indian Tribes; (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8) such provision operates to the exclusion of thing, and if it works out, others can The Congress shaU have Power • . . To the law of any State on the same subject adopt it. The State of Oregon adopted a make all Laws which shall be necessary and matter, unless there is a direct and positive law a few years ago banning non-return­ proper for carrying into Execution the fore­ conflict between such provision and the law going Powers, and all other Powers vested by of the State so that the two cannot stand able beverage containers. At the time this Constitution in the Government of the consistently together." there was, and there still is, considerable United States, or in any Department or om­ While this example is from the Gun Control pressure for a national law. Well, maybe cer thereof. (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) Act of 1968, the Drug Abuse Control Amend­ Oregon's law is a good thing. If it is, that This Constitution, and the Laws of the ments of 1965, the Federal Metal and Non­ will become apparent, and if it does, I United States which shall be made in Pur­ metalllc Mine Safety Act, and the Federal hope the State of Utah will enact one suance thereof; and all Treaties made, or Election Campaign Act of 1971 also contain too. If it is not, that too will become which shall be made, under the Authority of some version of this provision for resolving apparent, and Utah will be able to avoid the United States, shall be the supreme Law conflicts between state and federal laws. This of the Land; and the Judges in every State "If we agree. then we are both right; but if a mistake. If a national law had passed, shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the we disagree, then I alone am right" logic is we would all be stuck with it, and it Constitution or Laws of any State to the Con­ used by the federal government in approx­ should be obvious to everyone that it is trary notwithstanding. (Article VI, Clause 2) imately one third of the acts surveyed and easier to pass laws than to repeal them. The Powers not delegated to the United found to be supersessive. Mr. President, I insert Mr. Croy's fine States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by The enforced compliance provision, found it to the States, are reserved to the States re­ article in the RECORD, and I urge all my in several pieces of environmental quality colleagues to read it and heed it: spectively, or to the people. (Amendment 10) legislation, is somewhat more involved. Typi­ Four of the five sections quoted, all but cally, these supersessions follow an "if-then; FEDERAL SUPERSESSION: THE RoAD TO the Tenth Amendment, which has been the if-then" pattern. That is, if a State does not DoMINATION States' only guardian, have been used as issue regulations acceptable to the U.S., then (By James B. Croy) foundations for supersessive legislation. a federal agency or department will do so, (Observers of the American federal system These provisions have been dissected, exam­ and if the State does not adopt and enforce are aware of the tendency of Congress to ined, interpreted, and otherwise scrutinized these regulations, then the federal level of supersede state laws and authority. The for almost two centuries. With the passage government will assume jurisdiction over dimensions of such national actions have not of time, the words have taken on new mean­ that area. An example is the Water Quality been well observed or quantified. 'rhis arti­ ings, and of late Congress has fallen back Act of 1965: cle, based on the author's research !or the on the interpretations to justify assumption ..If a State does not (A) file a letter o! Oklahoma Legislative Council, spotlights the of a wide range of powers. intent or (B) establish water quality stand­ past decade's federal actions.) Most of the 48 supersessive acts studied ards in accordance with paragraph (1) of It would be difficult to determine whether proclaim their constitutional foundations, this subsection, or if the Secretary or the the framers of the U.S. Constitution could and not one of them has been the object of Governor of any state affected by water qual­ foresee a time when the national government an adverse ruling on its constitutionality ity standards established pursuant to this would almost totally dominate the States. by the U.S. Supreme Court. The federal gov­ subsection desires a revision in such stand­ Such speculation would be extraneous at any ernment's ability, or right, to exercise super­ ards, the Secretary may ... prepare regu­ rate, !or it is a !act that the States' power to sessive power is not an issue here. Because lations setting forth standards of water qual­ govern independently has been progressively interstate commerce is an Integral and pre­ dominant portion of our country's economy, ity to be applicable to interstate waters or and incontrovertibly diminished. portions thereof. If, within six months !rom One of the processes by which this shift and because the courts have concurred with . federal assertions that its power over inter­ the date the Secretary publishes such regu­ of power has been accomplished is federal lations, the State has not adopted water supersession, which this article is designed state commerce also extends to intrastate to explore. Supersession is defined as the commerce that affects interstate commerce, quality standards found by the Secretary to process by which a State is deprived of juris­ the federal government, apparently, can as­ be consistent with paragraph (3) of this sub­ diction over matters embraced by congres­ sume control over virtually any product section, or a petition for public hearing has sional acts, which acts require the States to manufactured or vended in this country. not been filed . . . the Secretary shall pro­ Combined with the power to regulate other mulgate such standards." pass laws of etT\lal stringency or else the fEld­ items not confined to a State, such as en- eral law will control; it is forced compliance A fourth type of supersession is character­ with federal legislation by the States and it ized by a fiat of the federal government. 1s the entering into a contract by the indi­ 1 Oklahoma Legislative Council, The Suver­ Merely by stating that only the provisions of vidual States and the federal governm.ent for session of Sovereignty (Oklahoma City, this particular act shall apply 1n a given the provision of services (through laws) re­ (Oklahoma: State Legislative Councll, May situation, the federal government supersedes gardless of state laws. 1974). any existing or contemplated state action, as 8314 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 in the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Adver­ to a central government and others retained. Highway Safety Act of 1966. tising Act: As the central government assumes more and Federal Metal and Nonmetalllc Mine Safety "No statement relating to smoking and more of the powers, the duallty of power and Act. health, other than the statement required by vitality of the system wane. Child Protection Act of 1966. section 4 of this Act, shall be required on any This trend of federal assumption of power Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Street-s cigarette package." affects both the state and federal levels of Act of 1968. As an aside, in this particular act, no men­ government. The added power is coupled with Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968. tion of interstate commerce was made, al­ added responslbllity, resulting in a larger Radiation Control for Health Safety Act of though it is surely the basis for the super­ bureaucracy at the federal level. On the state 1968. session. level, the supersession of an area can have Gun Control Act of 1968. The last classification of supersession con­ far-reaching consequences. It would be erro­ Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act cerns the involvement of the federal govern­ neous to a.ssume that a state government is of 1969. ment in substate political units or the dic­ not aware of a problem simply because it has Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of tation of duties by the federal government to not legislated in that area. The State-until 1969. the officials of a State. An example of the it is preempted by the federal level-has a Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970. former would be the Food and Agriculture discretionary power not to interject itself Occupational Safety and Health Act of Act of 1965, in which the Secretary of Agri­ into a potential area of regulation. This dis­ 1970. culture is given authority to determine the cretionary power is as important as the ab111ty Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971. apportionment of wheat acreage allotments to legislate, and to assume that the reason Lead Based Paint Poisoning Prevention among the counties of the various States, as for a State's failure to assume an active role Amendments. opposed to allowing the States to make this in the regulation of a given aspect of the Health Maintenance Organization Act of determination. The 1965 amendments to the Uves of its citizens 1s that (a) it hasn't oc­ 1973. Federal Coal Mine Safety Act, in which state curred to the Legislature to legislate in that Environmental Protection and Conserva- agencies are directed to require state per­ area, or (b) the elected officials and legisla­ tion (9-18.7 percent) : sonnel to carry out certain actions, would be tors have been uninterested in acting in their Water Quallty Act of 1965. an example of the latter. constituents' best interest is simply not cred­ Highway Beautification Act of 1965. Also, although not involving supersession ible. Nor would it be logical to assume that Clean Air Act. per se, the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 members of Congress are more intimately Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970. and the Emergency Highway Energy Conser­ aware of the desires and needs of the citizens Federal Environmental Pesticide Control vation Act constitute examples of a de facto than are state legislators. In general, state Act of 1972. supersession through a modified impound­ legislators interact with their constituents at Noise Control Act of 1972. ment procedure. In both of these cases, un­ a much more accessible and immediate level Federal Water Pollution Control Act less the State agrees to certain restrictions, than do their federal counterparts. Decisions Amendments of 1972. federal aid highway funds will be withheld. not to step into an area of activity can surely Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Because the States depend on federal funds be attributed, at least in part, to an exercise Marine Protection Research and Sanctu- to such an extent, they are left with no real of discretionary restraint in response to citi­ a.ries Act of 1972. choice. zen desire. Consumer Protection (7-14.6 percent): Supersession is not the only means whereby The good and bad effects of widespread Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. federal control is exercised over the state federal ' supersession are difficult to measure, Flammable Fabrics Act, Amendment. legislative and executive process. Far more for it would be necessary to take into con­ Wholesome Meat Act. prevalent is grant-in-aid and voluntary­ sideration whether or not the federal inter­ Consumer Credit Protection Act. compliance legislation, in which the federal vention was wanted, whether the States had Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970. government sets forth standards and regula­ been doing an adequate job of regulating in Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Sav- tions deemed advisable and provides fi­ a given area, and how supersession has af­ ings Act. nancial assistance to States which adopt fected the political system. On the immedi­ Consumer Product Safety Act. these regulations or standards through state ate level, the citizens might benefit from fed­ Agricultural Standards (3-6.2 percent): plans and grant applications. Thus, the eral supersession. In the long run, though, Food and Agriculture Act of 1965. States are left with the option of not accept­ the effect of supersession wlll be to deprive United States Grain Standards Act. Ing the federal standards. For each superses­ the people of one level of their representative Egg Products Inspection Act. sive act found in the study, there were at government-to reduce the States to the role Ctvil Rights (3-6.2 percent): least two pieces of voluntary-compliance of molding local situations to meet national Civil Rights Act ot 1964. legislation. solutions. Voting Rights Act of 1965. COMMENTARY · It is because supersession 1s only OI\e of the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970. several ways that the States are being weak­ Miscellaneous (8-16.6 percent): Virtually every piece of supersessive legis­ ened that the process needs to be scrutinized. lation confronted in the original study can Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Amendment. This brief study did not reveal sufficient in­ Uniform Time Act of 1966. be categorized into the following areas: clvll formation to draw ironclad conclusions about rights, environmental protection and conser­ Employment Security Amendments of whether the good outweighs the bad. Hope­ 1970. vation, consumer protection, publlc health fully, it has called attention to the issue. and safety, and agricultural standards. (The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, Amend· Recalling James Madison's comments, I am ment. table below presents a breakdown of the leg­ struck by his confidence in the central gov­ islation.) Thus, it is apparent that the thrust Horse Protection Act of 1970. ernment. "It is true," he says with respect to Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. of supersession, at least for the last 10 years, the English central government's power, "the has been in the area of social welfare. This Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of prerogative is sometimes misapplled, through 1973. can be explained in part because of the time ignorance or partiality to one particular part frame in which the sample was taken. The Emergency Highway Energy Conservation of the Empire; but we have not the same Act. 1960s and 1970s have been years of explod­ reason to fear such misapplications in our ing social consciousness. system." 2 It would indeed be fortunate if Pressure was exerted at the state level as Mr. Madison were able to explain to us today well as at the federal level, but for whatever exactly why it is that we need not fear such CONGRESS SHOULD REPEAL AU­ reason, the United States, as opposed to the misapplications in our system. THORITY FOR PRICE-FIXING States themselves, assumed a position in the STATUTES vanguard. The federal level was powerful enough to assume this role. However, govern­ BREAKDOWN, BY CATEGORIES, OF SUPER .. mental power is awesome in its potential for SESSIVE LEGISLATION 1 HON. ROBERT McCLORY totallty, and it needs to be exercised with Health and Safety (18-37.5 percent): OF n.LINOIS great restraint. The federal government Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965. should act to supersede the States' right to Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES govern only when the necessity for such ac­ Act. Friday, March 21, 1975 tion is truly compelling. To take such ac­ Federal Coal Mine Safety Act Amendments tions under other circumstances would be a of 1965. Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I was perversion of the concept of a federal system. National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety pleased to reintroduce on Wednesday, Each of the acts mentioned ls constitu­ Act of 1966. H.R. 2390, the Price Reduction Act of tional, and as such, is proper law. But taken 1975 aimed at the repeal of the Miller­ as a group, they form a pattern of ever­ Tydings Act of 1937, which has permitted expanding federal authority exercised at the 1 Although some acts can !all into more states to enact socalled fair 'bl'ade statutes expense of the States. It is ironic that the than one category, the thrust of the article more authority the federal government as­ 1s not affected. under which manufacturers and whole­ sumes, the further the United States drifts 2 James Madison, Journal of the Federal salers fix retail prices of various types of from the federal system of government, for a Convention, ed. E. H. Scott, Publication of consumer goods. Mr. Speaker, the adverse federal system connotes a compact of polltl­ Al)Jert, Scott and Co. (Chicago, Illinois: The efl'ect on our economy, including the in­ cal entitles in which certain powers are given Lakeside Press, 1893), p. 364. flationary impact inherent in such legis- March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8315 lation, as well as the anticompetitive sources on the Outer Continental Shelf Long Island, and indeed, to the Nation. practices permitted under such fair trade is a serious one for Members represent­ William Olsten is the founder and board statutes have been most detrimental to ing districts on the Nation's east coast. chairman of the Olsten Corp., which the interests of American consumers. The Department of Interior is now free maintains its international headquarters Mr. Speaker, the distinguished Sena­ to go ahead with its plans to lease over within my district and which is cele­ tor from Massachusetts Alexander­ drafted from the county and more than air, so did the National Guard. When Alexander Ypsilanti, and after 7 years of double that figure enlisted. The men who the country had only two airplanes, it war, they won their independence. were too young for the draft formed the had a Guard pilot to :tly them. A Guards­ Pheidippides' dying word echoes­ Ocean County Militia and performed im­ man was the first to land a plane on a "Xairete". That is what we are com­ portant guard duty during the war. The ship, another was the first to solo the memorating here today. The debt we war was brought close to home when, in Atlantic nonstop. Today the Guard's first Americans and every free nation in the 1918, German U-boats sank cargo ships aviators would marvel at the way Amer­ world owe to the .spirit of the Greek peo­ just off the beach. ica turned biplanes into jet planes. ple. This little country that lies like an World War II brought a temporary It is obvious that the Guardsmen of outstretched hand in the middle of the halt to the progress of the county. A new the present have come a long way from Mediterranean is a -last outpost to the enterprise was developed, however, as the minutemen of Bunker Hill. In com­ East, the region between Africa and poultry farming :flourished and the egg mon with all branches of the service, the Europe bordered on the north by Com­ industry became an economic base for guard now has better pay and better munist conntries. Her position geograph­ future development. benefits than ever before. The Guards­ ically and politically is critical to the free After the war, Ocean County and Ber­ men of the present are technicians, doc­ world. That is why the Cyprus question keley Township became a center of boat­ tors, pilots, and administrative special­ is so crucial. It is why we are working building and today there are several large ists, but most important of all, they are very hard toward a solution. I salute the marinas along the coast. civilians, like the minutemen. Greek people and their magnificent hel'i­ Berkeley Township, with an ever­ This is the first time ever for the Air tage and unconquerable spirit, and growing population, is today an integral and Army National Guard to launch such though I am not of Greek blood, I am part of the eastern metropolitan region, a joint month-long campaign. "March is of Greek heart. yet it remains a delight to the botanist Minuteman Month" will also function as I say to you-"Xairete". and vacationist. Here it is possible to an intensified recruiting effort. The Na­ have the best of both worlds; to work in a tional Guard Advertising Support Bu­ large city and to live, away from the STATEMENT ON THE CENTENNIAL reau in Edgewood, Md., has called this urban hustle and bustle, in a place with drive "the most important single recruit­ OF BERKELEY TOWNSHIP, OCEAN a rural charm all its own. COUNTY, N.J. ing effort in recent history of the Na­ Ocean County and Berkeley Township tional Guard." have had a glorious past. They now have Each and every one of the 95,184 Air HON. WILUAM J. HUGHES a burgeoning present and can look for­ and 403,918 Army National Guardsmen OF NEW JERSEY ward to a promising future. The county is throughout the country perform vital indeed, "a pleasant land to live in." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES functions nationally and locally, When Friday, March 21, 1975 disaster strikes, the Guard is trained and MARCH IS MINUTEMAN MONTH ready to save lives and protect property, Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, on aiding victims of hurricanes, tornadoes, March 31 of this year the Berkeley Town­ and floods, bringing in supplies and offer­ ship in the Second Congressional Dis­ HON. LARRY McDONALD ing necessary support. trict of New Jersey will observe its Cen­ OF GEORGIA Guardsmen not only provide service in tennial celebration. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Berkeley Township, Ocean County, times of stress, but many units carry out N.J., was created on March 31, 1875, and Friday, March 21, 1975 volunteer projects. There are Guard was named after John Lord Berkeley, one Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. units across the United States who spon­ of the two original proprietors of New Speaker, March is the omcial start of sor medical programs for innercity chil­ Jersey. America's Bicentennial, 200 years of his­ dren, who help to clean up rivers and Berkeley Township extends across tory, customs and traditions. One of the streams, who help run day camps~ and Barnegat Bay to Island Beach, lies south oldest traditions in the history of this who service the underprivileged and of Dover Township, and west of Lacey great nation is the citizen-soldier, the handicapped. Township. To the northwest in Man­ minuteman of the National Guard. I would like to take this opportunity to chester Township. The Township's north­ The Air and Army National Guards salute the Guardsmen of my own State ern boundary is the famous Toms River. are celebrating this month as "March is of Georgia. Throughout our State, there The good climate, one of the longest Minuteman Month," paying special trib­ are 9,078 Army and 2,846 Air Guards­ ocean front~ges of any county in the ute to the Guardsmen of the present and the Minutemen of the past. men, with one major Army Guard unit States, bountiful gifts of the sea and and three major Air units. These are all plentiful crops of melons, cranberries, The men of the past were the men and sweet potatoes from the rolling land, of the American Revolution, who fought outstanding groups which have been rec­ a veritable paradise for the hunter and at Bunker Hill, at Valley Forge and who ognized locally and nationally for their the fisherman, made the early settlers crossed the Delaware. Back then people performance and service. describe the area as "a pleasant land to were scattered in farms and villages all I ask my colleagues and all Americans live in." over the countryside and gathering a who take pride in the history of their In its early history the area had nu­ fighting force was too time consuming. country, to recognize this historic month. merous small industries centered in such Yet the people needed protection; sol­ What better way to celebrate the begin­ colorfully named places as Double Trou­ diers were needed who could be ready ning of the Nation's 200th birthday, than ble, once a center of the thriving cran­ to fight within minutes, hence the citi­ to pay tribute to our Air and Army Na­ berry business. There was also Dover zen-soldier concept was born. tional Guardsmen? March is truly Min­ Forge, established early in the nineteenth These were the men, who on a mo- uteman Month. March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8317 HEROIN ADDICTION IN VIETNAM: several cases reported here recently of deaths SECRETARY KISSINGER PLANS TRIP among pilots and soldiers because of over­ TO CHILE ANOTHER TRAGIC AMERICAN doses. LEGACY The drug problem began, Vietnamese fa­ miliar with it say, with the national mood of HON. DONALD M. FRASER despair that accompanied the Communists' OF MINNESOTA HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL offensive in 1972 and then the ineffective OF NEW YORK Paris peace agreement in 1973. The problem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is most acute in isolated garrisons such as Friday, Ma1·ch 21, 1975 Pleiku where there has been little actual Friday, March 21, 1975 fighting recently and boredom is almost as Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I would like Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the big an enemy as the North Vietnamese. to bring to the attention of Members American war in Southeast Asia has In the view of investigators, the heroin that Secretary Henry Kissinger is plan­ permanently scarred the region. Millions problem is also a direct legacy of the Ameri­ ning a trip to Chile during April. My of civilians and soldiers were killed or can presence in Vietnam. own position, which is contained in the "We always had some opium smoking, but letter which follows, is that such a trip maimed. Countless others lost their we didn't know what heroin was until the homes and farms. Chemical defoliation G.I.'s brought it,'' a South Vietnamese official at this time would be inappropriate un­ doomed still others to starvation or mar­ remarked. He was referring to the epidemic less there is a dramatic change of events ginal survival. Cultural landmarks were of heroin use that spread rapidly among in Chile. Regardless of whatever purposes destroyed. Families were uprooted. Bomb American soldiers here in 1970 and 1971 as we may attach to the trip, many people craters pockmark the landscape. A re­ United States participation in the war was will interpret the trip as a symbol of U.S. pressive regime continues to hold sway phased out. support for the oppressive tactics used The most commonly used Vietnamese term by the Junta. Moreover, I have not re­ in Saigon, despite our so-called fight for for heroin, "si ke," does in fact suggest an "democracy." American origin. It is a corruption of the G.I. ceived any .convincing arguments that As for the United States, tens of slang word "scag." this trip to Chile would serve any useful thousands of American GI's returned Moreover, narcotics specialists believe, purpose. from Southeast Asia addicted to heroin. much of the heroin being sold in Vietnam The letter follows: now is left over from the large stockpiles MARCH 5, 19"i5. The traditional opium fields of the Gold­ accumulate

FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR THE AGED AND THE CHILDREN AND YOUTH, FISCAL YEARS 1960-75 (Aged: over 65; children and youth: under 21; selected fiScal years; amounts in billions of dollars}

Annual outlays in- Outlay increases from- 1974 1975 1969-75 Category 1960 1969 1972 estimate estimate 1960-69 estimate

Cash benefits: Aged ______------___ ------______------12.6 25.5 34.8 49.9 57.7 12.9 32.2 Children and youth_------___ ------~------1.6 4.2 5.7 7.3 8.3 2.6 4.1 Health: Aged ______------.6 8.2 10.1 13.4 15.1 7.6 6.9 Food ~hildren and youth ___ ------___ ------.4 1.5 2.3 2. 7 2.9 1.1 1.4 Aged ______------__ ------(1) .1 .4 .7 .8 .1 .7 Children and youth. ______------.3 .8 2.0 2.4 2.9 .5 2.1 Education: (1) (1) (1) (1) (1} (1} (1) reri ailif youth======::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1.1 5.8 6.9 9.3 9.8 4.7 4.0 - Manpowers~~~ programs: Aged. ______------(1} (1} (1J (1} (l) (1) (1) Children and youth. ___ ------______------··------(1) 1.0 1. 1. 7 1.7 1.0 .7 All other: Aged ___ ------______------.1 .4 .5 .6 .8 .3 .4 Children and youth ______------__ ------_ .2 .8 1.5 2.3 2.4 .6 1.6 Grand totals: ------..:. 13.3 34.2 45.8 64.6 74.4 20.9 40.2 3.6 14.1 20.1 25.7 28.0 10.5 13.9 92.2 184.6 231.9 268.3 304.4 92.4 119.8 ======:: ======Percent~ for~i;l, aged------====:=:===:======:::===~===:====:;;~=~~ ~~~ t~~d~~i ~~~fais=:: 14 19 20 24 24 23 34 Percent for young _____ ------_____ ------_------___ ------4 8 9 10 9 11 12

1 Unknown, but probably less than $50,000,000. with downward adjustments in figures for 1972, 1973, and 1974 to exclude amounts of $3 000:000. (1) Includes general revenue sharing, social services, housing, early child care, etc. 000 to $4,500,000,000 a year for so-called elderly people who are under age 65 but are on the Source: These are rough statistical estimates prepared by author from various publ ·cat·ons cash benefit rolls); "Budget Highlights," fiscal year 1974 (chart book by OMB)· "The United 1 1 States Budget in Brief," fiscal year 1975. Figures for 1974 and 1975 are based on a'mounts recom· and budget documents including: Children's Bureau, "Federal Programs Assisting Children and $8me,OnOdOe,dooion,OPOrOesinide nt's. 1975 budget. Figures exclude special tax benefits, which for aged exceed Youth" (1968); Special Analyses, Budget of the United States Government (fiscal years 1970-75, 1975

DEATH OF FRED BALL American. I was most impressed by the about the life o:t our late friend, It is not resolution and by the late Fred Ball. only apparent and manifest that Fred Ball Therefore, I would like to place that was no ordinary or common man, but true HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON that he had few peers and no supervisor resolution at this point in the RECORD: OF ALABAMA among the members o:t the legal profession; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STATE OF ALABAMA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY and REsoLUTION Friday, March 21, 1975 Whereas, he was a real scholar and gentle­ Know all men by these presents: man who was educated a.t Princeton, Colum­ Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, at its That, whereas, Fred St. Clair Ba.ll, native bia, and Emory Colleges, and who continued annual meeting the Montgomery County Montgomerian, born Octc>ber 2, 1896, departed his studies throughout his long and distin­ Bar Association adopted a resolution this life on the 30th day of June, 1974; and guished career. Having given much to the honoring a most unusual Alabamian and Whereas, 1n recording some of the facts law, he received, in return, recognition among CXXI--525-Part 7 8320 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 the members of his profession as being one and future well-being of every American has The second theme, "Festival," suggests the of the most successful corporate, business, not faltered. You have earned their thanks opportunities international visitors have to and trial lawyers at the Bar. This recogni­ as well as my own. discover and understand America and our tion was nation wide. As you depart the Equal Employment Op­ people. The "Festival" theme is far broader Fate bestowed upon Fred Ball many bless­ portunity Commission, I want you to know and more meaningful than the view ex­ ings, having a cultured and gracious wife and that you take with you my very best wishes pressed by one foreign visitor on the occa­ similar charming daughters; and for every future happiness and success. sion of our Centennial celebration in 1876. Whereas, this distinguished member of our Sincerely, He observed, "The crowds come like sheep, Bar possessed everything necessary for a GERALD R. FORD. run here, run there, run everywhere. One man successful lawyer to have. He was self-con­ start, thousand follow. Nobody see anything, fident, but never arrogant; courageous, but nobody do anything. All rush, tear,. push, never overbearing; seriously religious, but shout, make plenty noise, say damn great never a bigot; and beneath a natural dignity A BICENTENNIAL CHALLENGE many times, get very tired, and go home." he was a warm, congenial, human person. He The President, through the Department of served his country well in war and peace. State and our embassies, officially invited Such was the nature of our departed friend. HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN other nations to participate in the Bicenten­ Now therefore, it is the opinion of our as­ OF NEW YORK nial. There will be cultural, sports, arts, and sociation at this its annual meeting that other attractions both in the United States upon the loss of such a distinguished mem­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and abroad which should enhance the ap­ ber as the late Fred Ball, not only our pro­ Friday, Ma1·ch 21, 1975 preciation of our respective achievements fession, but the country suffered, because he and societies. was a most patriotic and valuable citizen. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I request Recently I referred to "Our Bicentennial" Let a copy of this Resolution be placed this opportunity to share with my col­ in a conversation with a cabinet minister of upon the permanent records of the associa­ leagues the remarks of Alan A. Reich, a nation making plans for the Commemora­ tion, a copy be sent to the Archives and His­ Deputy Assistant Secretary for Educa­ tion. He interrupted and noted politely, "The tory Department of Alabama, and copies be Spirit of '76 belongs to us, too, you know!" sent to the family of our departed friend. tional and Cultural Affairs, the U.S. Department of State, made to the Rock­ His remark made me realize other peoples Adopted on the 27th day of January, 1975. land County Rotary Clubs on the 70th around the world share with us and hold dear the ideals and values we associate with anniversary of Rotary International at our Revolutionary period. Other nations EEOC CHAIRMAN'S RESIGNATION Bear Mountain, N.Y., on February 19 of have been guided by the American model in this year. I take special pride in provid­ establishing their governments. They see the ing these remarks, not only because of United States as the custodian of democracy. HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS Mr. Reich's close association with my George Washington's words, "the basis of our OF CALIFORNIA congressional district, but also due to political system is the right of people to make IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the timeliness and relevancy of his and alter their constitutions of government" Friday, March 21, 1975 thoughts. Mr. Reich's presentation, em­ have had and continue to have world-wide phasizing the international aspects of the meaning. Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, as chair­ forthcoming Bicentennial commemora­ "Horizons," the third theme, is perhaps man of the Subcommittee on Equal Op­ tion, touched upon three major themes­ the most important. It looks to the future. portunities, which has jurisdiction over John Adams put it succinctly when he said, heritage, festival, and horizons. "I like the dreams of the future better than the Equal Employment Opportunity In relating each of these interests prev­ the history of the past." The notion of the Commission and as one of the cosponsors alent in our New York community Mr. continuing revolution and all it stands !or of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of Reich stressed the importance of people­ is captured in the growing awareness we are 1964, which created the EEOC, I am to-people diplomacy and the manner in interdependent. If mankind is to survive, deeply concerned and interested in all which community organizations, such as we must cooperate. ProbleinS, national a few matters affecting the effective operation the Rotarians, can improve international years ago, are now global. Our neighbors' of EEOC as a viable arm in equal em­ understanding during our Bicentennial probleinS are ours, and vice versa. Improv­ ployment efforts. ing the quality of life is a world-wide chal­ commemoration period. lenge. ProbleinS of population, inflation, food, On March 18, 1975, Mr. John Powell, Mr. Speaker, I include Mr. Reich's and the use of resources require coopera­ chairman of the Commission, in a letter significant remarks in full in the CoN­ tive action. Neither we nor our children will to President Ford resigned his chairman­ GRESSIONAL RECORD at this point: have the luxury of working on our domestic ship; he further indicated that effective FROM INDEPENDENCE TO INTERDEPENDENCE­ problems if we do not succeed in bringing April 30, 1975 he will resign as a A BICENTENNIAL CHALLENGE about peaceful cooperation throughout the Commissioner. world during the next few years. It is an honor and personal privilege to Whether we cooperate with our interna­ As a courtesy to the Members of Con­ speak to the Rockland County Rotary Clubs gress, I wish to share the following tional neighbors because it is good, right, or on the 70th anniversary of Rotary Interna­ necessary. we must get on with it while we correspondence between Mr. Powell and tional. My father, as a founding member, was are improving the quality of life at home. the President relative to Mr. Powell's very active in the Pearl River Club, and I Secretary Kissinger said last fall in New resignation. recall with pleasure attending several meet­ Delhi, "Our goal is to move toward a world THE WHITE HousE, ings with him and many of you. where power blocs and balances are not domi­ Washington, D.O., March 19, 1975. Improving international cooperation is the nant ..• where countries consider co­ Hon. JoHN H. PoWELL, JR., theme of my talk. It has been gratifying to operation in the global interest to be in Chairman, Equal Employment OppoTt'ltnity observe at Rotary Clubs I have addressed­ their national interest." The strengthening Commission, Washington, D.O. in Boston and Houston, in New York and of informal relationships on a people-to­ San Francisco--your organization's strong DEAR JoHN: I have your letter dated people basis helps improve the climate for interest in this subject. I shall cover the cooperation in solving these problems which March 18, and as you request, I ac~ept your international dimensions of the Bicentennial resignation as Chairman of the Equal Em­ have no national boundaries. The Commemo­ Commemoration, the importance of people­ ration is relevant not only to the American ployment Opportunity Commission, effective to-people diplomacy. and make suggestions today, and your resignation as a Commis­ future but also to the goals and aspirations on how community organizations can fur­ of mankind. sioner, effective April 30, 1975. I appreciate ther international mutual understanding your wlllingness to stay on as a member of during the Commemoration. PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE DIPLOMACY-A DOMINANT the Commission during the next month to FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS assist in the orderly transfer of authority to THE BICENTENNIAL COMMEMORATION HAS WORLD-WIDE SIGNIFICANCE In a world of constant change, from the the Acting Chairman and to provide a period diplomat's point of view, one of the most of time in which a well-qualified nominee to The Bicentennial Commemoration has profound-and perhaps least understood­ replace you can be selected. three major themes--Heritage, Festival, and changes has been increasing involvement of I want to take this opportunity to express Horizons. Each has important international individuals everywhere in public affairs. More my personal appreciation for your dedicated implications. The first, "Heritage," recalls and more people every day become involved service to our Nation. Under your Chairman­ the ethnic origins and diversity of America. in local affairs, national affairs, and also, to ship, the Commission has broken new Our way of Ufe owes much to other peoples an extraordinary degree, in world affairs. We ground, expanding the economic and social of the world. Their contributions find rich llve in an era o! people-to-people diplomacy. horizons of all our citizens. I know that this expression throughout our country. Refiect­ One notable result of this change 1s that has been a particularly challenging time for lng together on our heritage and its mean­ government-to-government relations--diplo­ the Commission, but your devotion to the ing will result in significant and construc­ matic relations alone--are no longer enough goals of the Commission and to the present tive international dialog. to assure world peace and cooperation. Con- March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8321 cerned citizens and private organizations the program. Annually, some 5,000 professors. vention to review medical contribution to world over play key roles in infiuencing inter­ lecturers, and scholars are exchanged to and man's well-being over the past 200 years. national relations. from the United States. The international The American Association of Museums 1s Why, you may ask, are people-to-people re­ visitor program brings to this country about organizing a program for American museums lations and informal communications activi­ 1,500 foreign leaders and potential leaders to exhibit foreign contributions to America's ties of this kind of concern to the U.S. De­ annually for orientation tours of 4-6 weeks' development. partment of State? Formal diplomatic chan­ duration. We send abroad several leading Sister Cities International plans to in­ nels, of course, are crucial for official busi­ performing arts and sports groups as well crease from 1,000 at present to 1,976 by July ness and the resolution of differences be­ as some 150 U.S. lecturers annually for brief 4, 1976 the number of U.S. and foreign cities tween nations. To an unprecedented degree. lecture tours. The Bicentennial Commem­ atfiliated in sister city relationships. however, the problems nations confront, the oration offers a great opportunity for ex­ The American Historical Association 1s means they choose to solve them, and even panding and strengthening people-to-people offering a prize to the author of the best the perceptions people of one country have to relations. historical work on the American Revolution another, evolve outside official channels. The three Bicentennial themes were written in a language other than English. Diplomacy has gone public. Foreign affairs selected to provide for involvement of all THE BICENTENNIAL CHALLENGE is no longer the exclusive domain of the pro­ our states. communities and people. There fessional diplomat. Many foreign offices no will be no single national focus in one city. Several organizations. such as Rotary In­ longer confine themselves to speaking with In addition to the American Revolution Bi­ ternational, through its people-to-people other foreign offices for peoples; they help centennial Administration in Washington programs, are making a signlfl.cant contribu­ and encourage their people to speak for and the ten regional offices, each state has tion to international mutual understand­ themselves across national boundaries. The its own commission. Many cities and com­ ing. Rotary's international youth exchange, tone and content of our international rela­ munities, too, have their own commissions involving 700 youths throughout the world tions are set increasingly by the vastly ex­ and active programs. annually, has considerable impact. panded contacts between Americans and A number of governments of the world, as The Rotary Club matching program, link­ other peoples of the world. well as private individuals and organizations ing Rotary Clubs in 150 countries with This geometric increase in citizen involve­ of other nations have asked the Department counterpart clubs for direct Rotarian-to­ ment in world affairs has special significance of State and the American Revolution Bi­ Rotarian relationships and shared service for the diplomat. When people-to-people centennial Administration for suggestions projects is equally impressive. Rotary's world bonds and networks for two-way communi­ on how to commemorate the Bicentennial community service program has helped peo­ cation are fully developed, there wm be a and simultaneously to strengthen ties with ple throughout the world. Through Rotary greater readiness to seek accommodation and the American people. Let me give you a few International's small business clinic pro­ negotiate. When people know and under­ examples of the exciting Bicentennial proj­ gram, many individuals in less-developed stand each other and appreciate their differ· ects planned by governments and peoples countrles have been helped to self-sufficiency ences, likelihood of confrontation diminishes. of other nations: and community contribution. Prospects for peaceful solutions are en­ Establishment of chairs in American Two other elements of the overall Rotary hanced. As Woodrow Wilson said, "When we studies in foreign universities. International outreach are noteworthy. The truly know one another, we can have differ­ Establishment of chairs for studies about existence of some 16,000 Rotary Clubs joining ences without hating one another." This other nations in American universities. 750,000 Rotarians in 151 countries is a potent rationale governs the State Department's in­ Symphony orchestra tours to the United force for mutual understanding. Rotary con­ terest in the furtherance of meaningful States. sists of leaders from all segments of society; people-to-people interchange. National folk group participation in the this fraternal relationship-professional-to­ In the past few years, scholars increasingly Smithsonian Folkllfe Festival and in com­ professional\ businessman to businessman­ have studied informal, non-governmental munity festivals throughout the United generates good will among milllons through­ communications activities in relation to war States. out the world. and peace. They are developing a scientific Endowment of library collections of Ameri­ Another service which Rotary Clubs per­ basis for such activities. Their research sug­ cana-both in the United States and abroad. form is the furtherance of international per­ gests that the existence of informal com­ A number of historical books, studies, and son-to-person relationships by others in their munications tends to reduce the level of films about the American experience are communities. In visits throughout the United tensions when conflicts of interest occur and being commissioned. States, I have been impressed with the extent contributes to a climate of opinion in which Historical and philosophical conferences to which Rotary and other service clubs have conflicts may be negotiated more effectively. on American civilization will be convened initiated and developed sister city atfiliations. Second, informal relationships create greater abroad. people-to-people exchanges, international openness in individual attitudes toward Theatre and opera groups, museum collec­ hospitality programs, and international ac­ other nations, peoples, and cultures. These tions, and exhibits will be sent to the United tivities of local performing arts and sports predispositions also lead to greater readiness States. groups. These activities contribute to inter­ to communicate and resolve differences As other nations develop their Bicentennial national mutual understanding. peaceably. Third, social scientists tell us that programs, Americans too are incorporating I urge Rotary and other organizations to do International cooperation and two-way ex­ an international dimension in their planning. more of the same-demonstrating the ca­ change contribute to world-mindedness and Many local activities planned by state and pacity for commitment of the American peo­ an internationalist perspective. Finally, in­ community Bicentennial groups involve peo­ ple in solving that most important of all ternational people-to-people relations help ple of other nations. For instance: human problems, the achievement of a sus­ develop enduring networks of communica­ Operation Sail '76 1s a visit of tall-masted tained world peace, by sponsoring exchanges, tion that cut across political boundaries and salling vessels from around the world to come providing community leadership in interna­ reduce the likelihood of polarization along to New York City on July 4, 1976 and visit tional programming, helping peoples of other nationalist llnes. other world ports. nations become less dependent, and strength­ The Department of State has a strong The World Theatre Festival, a non-profit ening international ties among key individ­ commitment to cross-cultural communica­ foundation based in New York, wlll sponsor uals and groups. Specifically, I urge your tion. When you think of the Department's appearances of distinguished theatre com­ Rockland County Rotary Clubs to undertake conduct of our international affairs, people­ panies from around the world. 1n whole or in part the following 12-point to-people diplomacy and exchange-of-per­ Utica, New York, wlll hold an ethnic arts program: sons programs may not come immediately festival celebrating America as a conglom­ 1. Expand home hospitality and commu­ nity orientation programs for international to mind. It is, nonetheless, a significant erate of peoples. Fourteen nationality groups are expected to participate. visitors (including professional business Department activity carried out with 126 diplomatic, m111tary and government leaders): nations of the world. The exciting, chal­ Cornell University 1s conducting a major research project on the Marquis de Lafayette. 2. Develop programs for the international lenging job of the Bureau of Educational and alumni of area universities and colleges. Cultural Affairs is to use its resources to Numerous international conferences are being planned such as the World Food Con­ 3. Strengthen or initiate a sister city pro­ reinforce the work of American individuals ference to be held at Iowa University. gram, or affiliate with a new sister city. and organizations who want to help con­ Binational, international exchange, and 4. Expand and strengthen youth and cul­ struct the foundation of better relationships ethnic organizations are developing new ex­ tural exchange programs. with the rest of the world. The Bureau also change-of-persons programs, such as Polk 5. Develop and improve community pro­ coordinates, as necessary, the activities of County, Nebraska's Bicentennial exchange grams for foreign students in the United other government agencies with interna­ with Japan. States. 6. Internationalize 'Your community in­ tional exchange programs 1n such fields as The American Council of Polish Cultural volvement by atfiliating with an appropriate health, education, social welfare, transpor­ Clubs is conducting a poster contest on international organization in cooperation tation, agriculture, military training and Polish immigration to the United States. urban planning. with the U.S. National Commission for The American Medical Association 1s in­ UNESCO. There are several major elements in this viting counterpart associations of other 7. Participate directly in and support the Government-sponsored cultural relations countries to attend their 1976 annual con- international exchange programs of the Peo- 8322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2.2, 1975 pie-to-People International and of the Peo­ ing over football games and other events Firearms, began testimony on the ad­ ple-to-People Sports, Music, Handicapped or carrying sophisticated survey equip­ and other exchange committees. ministration and effectiveness of the 8. Invite foreign professional counterparts ment for tasks that cannot be accom­ Gun Control Act of 1968. Mr. Davis will and students to conferences and seminars. plished by any other type of aircraft. continue his testimony on Wednesday, 9. Help expand the international public The Bicentennial year of 1976 will March 26, at 10 a.m., in 2141 Rayburn service activities of U.S. corporations oper­ mark the 50th anniversary of the :flight House Office Building. ating internationally. over the North Pole by General Nobile, a Those wishing to testify at a future 10. Form international Institutional link­ venture in which he was accompanied by hearing or to submit a statement for the ages afilliating U.S. and counterpart univer­ two of the world's greatest polar ex­ sities, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, REcoRD should address their requests to schools, libraries, and museums for exchange plorers, Roald Amundsen of Norway and the Committee on the Judiciary, 2137 relationships. Lincoln Ellsworth of the United States. Rayburn House Office Building, Wash­ 11. Establish university chairs o! interna­ The airship was named "Norge," in ington, D.C. 20515. tional studies. honor of Amundsen's country which 12. Maximize the goodwill generated by en­ funded the venture together with Mr. suring public visibility for these activities Ellsworth. both here and abroad. Two years later General Nobile set off ABUSES OF FBI FILES Secretary Kissinger posed the question re­ cently, "Will our age of interdependence another polar :flight in the "Italia", a spur joint progress or common disaster?" newer and larger airship of his own de­ In our 200 years as a nation we have ma­ sign. General Nobile became the only man HON. HERMAN BADILLO tured from independence to interdependence. in the history of polar exploration to OF NEW YORK The challenge, the Bicentennial challenge of plant the :flag of his country at the North IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interdependence, is to strengthen these ties Pole twice from the air. But it was just over the long-term so that they are expanded, after his crossing of the pole that the Friday, March 21, 1975 improved in quality, and institutionalized. airship came to grief, buffeted by wild These relationships will contribute in ways Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, we have which will not sacrifice private sector initia­ storms and weighed down by heavy for­ been made aware of many abuses of cer­ tive, dynamism, and diversity. They will in­ mations of ice. General Nobile was se­ tain FBI files which have been, and deed spur joint progress. verely injw·ed when the airship's gon­ continue to be, maintained by the FBI. Such a Bicentennial program will be In dola crashed on an ice :floe. These files, some 6% million in number, the U.S. national interest and in mankind's A massive rescue operation was apparently contain sensitive informa­ interest too in providing an improved cli­ started by Roald Amundsen but that in• tion, much of it in the form of unsub­ mate for solving our global problems. In the trepid man lost his life before he could words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Nothing stantiated allegations, on private citi­ great was ever achieved without enthusi­ reach the marooned Nobile party. zens. The FBI also has other informa­ asm." With the kind of enthusiasm the Rock­ Finally, 49 days after the mishap, Rus­ tion in its files which it obtained on pri­ land County Rotary Clubs have demonstrat­ sian polar experts managed to rescue the vate citizens through various forms of ed, great goals can be achieved. crew and bring them to safety. sw·veillance. The following article by I thank the Rotary Club of Rockland Today, General Nobile lives in Italy, Nicholas M. Horrock contains an ac­ County and Rotary Clubs throughout the honored by many countries as one of avi­ count of how this information was used United States for your very real contribution ation's notable pioneers. He has never in helping to build the "human foundations by the FBI in an attempt to harass and of the structure of peace." lost faith in the efficacy of lighter-than­ intimidate Dr. Martin Luther King. We air craft and believes that there is still must seriously question this practice. room for the transportation of heavY In addition to enactment of needed cargoes by semirigid airships where legislation to seriously limit this type of YEAR 1976 MARKS 50TH ANNIVER­ there is no need for the high speed of activity, the Congress must take firm SARY OF POLAR EXPLORATION jet-propelled planes. action to prevent future abuses of in­ BY BLIMP Along with the names of such aviation formation collected and maintained by pioneers a.s the Wright Brothers, Glenn the FBI, including the provision of ap­ Curtiss, Richard E. Byrd, Count Zeppelin, propriate criminal penalties for violation HON. EDWARD P. BEARD and Igor Sikorsky, the name of Umberto of the law. At this point I wish to insert OF RHODE ISLAND Nobile occupies that top rank of brave Mr. Horrock's article in the RECORD. and brilliant men who helped to conquer [From the New York Times, Mar. 9, 1975] IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the air space of our world, taking risks Friday, March 21, 1975 Ex-OFFICIALS SAY F.B.I. HARASSED DR. KING that were well-nigh unbelievable in To STOP HIS CRITICISM Mr. BEARD of Rhode Island. Mr. those times and still achievements of (By Nicholas M. Horrock) Speaker, a recent visitor to Washington wonder for us today. WASHINGTON, March 8.-The Federal Bu­ called to my attention the fact that 1976 reau of Investigation mailed what some will mark the 50th anniversary of one of agents considered an "unsavory" tape record­ the great accomplishments in polar ex­ ing made from an electronic room bug to ploration by the airship pioneer who in­ BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, Coretta King to frighten her husband, the vented the lighter-than-air craft we now AND FIREARMS TO CONTINUE Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., into halting call the "blimp." The visitor to my office TESTIMONY ON GUN CONTROL his criticism of the bureau, according to a ACT OF 1968 former high official of the agency. is a cousin of General Umberto Nobile The malllng of the tape recording to Mrs. and is, in fact, named for his illustrious King was part of nearly a decade of "harass­ cousin. Mr. Nobile, of Providence, R.I., HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. ment" of the late civil rights leader by the has kept a complete record of the pio­ OF MICHIGAN bureau, several former agents and officials say. neering work done by this great Italian One retired agent, Arthur Murtagh, who scientist and polar explorer and was a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was attached to the F.B.I's Atlanta field Friday, March 21, 1975 ofilce, said the moves against Dr. King were technical advisor for the recent motion second in size "only to the way they went picture, "The Red Tent" which dramati­ Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I am after Jimmy Hoffa." cally portrayed the remarkable feats of pleased to announce that the Subcom­ Yet there was never a criminal prosecution his renowned cousin, General Nobile. mittee on Crime of the Committee on the of Dr. King and, these former F.B.I. men say, At the age of 91, Italian Air Force Gen. Judiciary will continue hearings on more there was a "dubious" national security ra­ Umberto Nobile lives today among the than 40 bills which would amend the tionale for what they said were thousands of mementos of one of the most extraordi­ hours of electronic and physical surveillance. Gtm Control Act of 1968. Thus far, the These sources believe that the alleged harass• nary careers in pioneering aviation. As subcommittee has held seven hearings ment of Dr. King should be investigated by inventor, scientist, pilot, and airship de­ on this subject. We have heard testi­ the Congressional committees on intelligence. veloper, his life is unique in the annals mony from our colleagues in the Con­ Several have written to the Senate Select of both airship construction and polar gress, law P.nforcP-ment officials, and a Committee on Intelligence. exploration. It was General Nobile who representative of the medical profession. VIOLATION OF REGULATIONS invented the craft we now call the Yesterday, Rex D. Davis, Director of The sending to a private citizen of a tape "blimp," the reliable aircraft we see· fly- the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and recording obtained by a national security March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8323 electronic surveillance is a violation of F.B.I. friend that he was deeply concerned about tl:fied that he believed the tapes from the regulations and was a potential violation of the pressure being placed upon him. King investigation had been destroyed. But the Federal Communications Act and the S.C.L.C. sources from that era say that other sources among former bureau officials Federal Criminal Code. Dr. King never wavered ln his leadership of maintain that the tapes or transcripts of the The surveillance of Dr. King was briefly the movement and that the harassment tapes are stlll in the bureau and may be part noted last year in a report by W1111am B. failed. of the material disclosed 10 days ago by Saxbe, then the Attorney General, and Clar­ The following incidents of harassment were Attorney General Edward H. Levi. ence M. Kelly, director of the F.B.I., on the either confirmed in earlier press accounts Mr. Murtagh said the bureau surveillance bureau's Counterintelligence Program, or or uncovered in interviews with high bureau of the S.C.L.C. failed because it concen­ Cointelpro. The report said that Cointelpro officials: trated on gathering information about the techniques included "investigating the love Mr. Murtagh and a former senior bureau mores and personal lives of the rights group's life of a group leader for dissemination to the official confirmed the bureau tried to disrupt officials. press." Justice Department officials, later plans for a banquet in Atlanta ln 1964 by "This was a little naive because S.CL.C. identified the group leader as Dr. King. business leaders to laud Dr. King's winning officials told me they couldn't care less," Mr. A spokesman for the bureau said it had of the Nobel Prize. It included covert con­ Murtagh said. "no comment" on the alleged harassment of tacts with community leaders with charges Under laws in force when the tape was Dr. King. about Dr. King's personal life. reportedly mailed, it was both a potential The formeT h\gh 'F.B.I. offict.al who brought Two former bureau officials said that a crime and a violation of bureau regulations the matter to the attention of The New York "monograph" on Dr. King's personal life to use the tape in this manner. Times asked to remain anonymous in the ex­ was circulated among Government officials by The Federal Communications Act in force pectation that he might be called to testify the bureau during the Kennedy Administra­ in 1964-1965 prohibited a police or Govern­ in investigations of the bureau. tion. President Kennedy became aware of ment agency from disclosing the contents He said that in late 1964, after Dr. King what was going on and ordered Mr. Hoover to of a taped or bugged conversation to a third criticized the F.B.I. for having assigned retrieve every copy of the monograph. party. Another section of the Federal crimi­ agents with Southern backgrounds to handle Mr. Murtagh said that efforts at harass­ nal statutes makes it a crime for Federal civil rights cases, the late director, J. Edgar ment of S.C.L.C. leaders continued after Dr. employees to convert Government property Hoover, ordered William C. Sullivan, then in King's assassination in 1968. He said he was and records to other than official use. charge of the bureau's counterintelligence ordered by bureau officials to obtain hand­ operations, to arrange to send a copy of a writing samples of Andrew Young. now a tape recording secretly to Mrs. King in such a Democratic Representative from Georgia, and manner that it could not be traced to the Hosea. Williams to permit bureau experts PETROTAXES PLUGGING UP FU­ F.B.I. to forge letters over the Young and Williams TURE ENERGY SOURCES The source said that a copy of a tape re­ signatures that would harm their careers. cording was made by the bureau's laboratory. Mr. Murtagh said he refused the assignment. It was wrapped in a small plain, unmarked Two former senior F.B.I. officials sald the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI package with no return address, and de­ bureau "routinely" sought to prevent Dr. livered to Mr. Sullivan's office, the source King from receiving honorary degrees from OF n.LINOIS said, and it had been addressed to Mrs. colleges and universities by planting stories IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Caretta King, Atlanta, Ga. about his personal life, including charges Friday, March 21, 1975 Another source, attached to the bureau at that he directed S.CL.C. funds to his own the time, said that he believed the recording use and to Swiss bank accounts. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, while was of a party held by Dr. King and officials Mr. Murtagh and other sources said there I recognize that the public image of of the Southern Christian Leadership Con­ . was a consistent practice of anonymous tele­ ference, which Dr. King headed, in the Wll­ American oil companies is badly tar­ phone calls, sometimes to make false fire nished as a result of the blame being lard Hotel in Washington in the fall of 1963. alarm reports at locations where Dr. King The source said the party had been picked was to speak and in other instances to friends placed on them for most of the problems up by an F.B.I. electronic bug in the room and associates of Dr. Kibg trying to sow that beset our economy, I do believe and put on tape. distrust among them. that the views of the leading executives Bureau officials, according to sources at the of such a vital industry should at least time, felt that the content of the tape was INFll.TRATION BELmVED detrimental to Dr. King and some of his In 1961 and 1962, bureau intelligence ex­ be given an objective review. associates because it recounted actiVities at perts reportedly became convinced that two At this time, I would like to insert an the party they thought did not conform with members of the Communist party had article which appeared in the Chicago the rights leader's position as a religious infiltrated the S.C.L.C. The intelligence men Tribune's Perspective section on March leader. urged then Attorney General Robert F. Ken­ 17. contributed by John Swearingen, TRACING OF TAPE nedy to open a national security investiga­ chairman of the Board of Standard Oil The tape and the package had been pre­ tion of Dr. King, and be complied. Co. of Indiana, on the subject of oil pared so they could not be traced, one source Reliable sources said that Dr. King was company taxation. Since the Congress is said. He said Mr. Hoover wanted the tape under electronic surveillance well before Mr. mailed from somewhere in Florida and that Kennedy had made his decision. On two oc­ expected to be processing energy legis­ Mr. Sulllvan had ordered a special agent to casions, members of the Kennedy Adminis­ lation shortly, this article will hopefully fiy to Tampa and mall the tape to Mrs. King. tration warned the S.C.L.C. leaders to dis­ inform the Members on some very often The source stressed that the agent had no associate themselves from the alleged Com­ overlooked views on oil economies: idea of the contents. munists because they were leaving Dr. King PETROTAXES PLUGGING UP FUTURE ENERGY The source said that Mr. Hoover believed open to attacks by Southern conservatives SOURCES the sending of the tape to Mrs. King would in the Senate, but Dr. King refused to do (By John Swearingen) stop Dr. King's criticism o! the bureau and so unless the Government produced evidence break up his marriage as well. . of Communist affiliation. One of the most misleading bits of folk­ Mrs. King said in a telephone interview In 1963, Mr. K_ennedy authorized a na­ lore common 1n this country is the notion that she recalled receiving a tape recording tional security wiretap on Dr. King, then that large oil companies manage to escape ln January, 1965. legal under federal law. Court testimony and paying their fair share of taxes. The idea is "I received a tape that was rather curious interviews with F.B.I. and Justice Depart­ on a par with the belief that storks bring unlabeled," she said. "As a matter of fact, ment officials indicate that the electronic babies. Martin and I listened to the tape and we surveillance continued for at least two years, Because of the key function oil companies found much of it unintelligible. We con­ from 1963 to 1965, and produced a massive perform in keeping a modern economy run­ ning, they are among the most obvious tar­ cluded there was nothing in the tape to amo~nt of recordings. One estimate held discredit him." that 5,000 separate conversations went on gets for taxation on the landscape and they Mrs. King said that she and her husband tape. have received more than their share of taxes immediately realized that the tape had been Former agents said the room bugs were levied by every taxing body from town coun­ made covertly and "presumed" it had been planted in hotels from coast to coast as Dr. cils to foreign governments. made by the F.B.I. King moved about the country. Nevertheless, the folklore is widely be­ Mr. Murtaugh, 53 years old, who now lives Despite this massive surveillance, veteran lieved. 1n Constable, N.Y., said the "trick" of send­ agents said, there was never a recommenda­ While this might not make much differ­ ing the tape to Mrs. King to discredit her tion for prosecution for violation of any ence in normal times, we are in an abnormal husband was well known "among senior Federal or State law. Nor, several sources period in which U.S. reliance on imported agents in the Atlanta bureau and some of said, were grounds for any national security on has risen to more than one-third of our them bragged about It as a smart stunt." concern ever established. dally requirements and in which both the According to two former senior F.B.I. supply and price of foreign oil are being dic­ TESTIMONY IN CASE tated by a powerful cartel of foreign produc­ officials, a wiretap on Dr. King later picked In a 1969 Federal Court case involving the ing governments--some of whom are openly up a conversation in which Dr. King told a boxer Muhammed Alf, a Federal agent tes- hostile to the United States and all of whom 8324 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 have their own self Interests uppe~ost in LEE HAMILTON'S MARCH 5 WASH.. Costs: The costs of nuclear plants have mind. INGTON REPORT, "NUCLEAR Jumped dramatically and the serious eco­ Unless we can restore an adequate measure POWER" nomic problems within the industry itself of energy self-sumctency in thls country, our may prove to be the major obstacle to rapid posltlon as the Free World's economic and nuclear development. Last year more than polltlcal leader will remain in jeopardy. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON 60% of some 230 atomic plants on the draw­ The government ls at last facing up to the ing boards were postponed or cancelled by problem. President Ford has presented a OF INDIANA utility companies, mostly for economic comprehensive, long-range energy plan. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reasons. The President has proposed to help Congress, whlle criticizing the President's Thursday, March 20, 1975 the utllity industry with a package of tax proposals, has thus far come up with no breaks, expedited licensing and siting pro­ clear-cut program of its own, altho various Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under cedures, and regulatory reforms. alternatives have been advanced. the leave to extend my remarks in the Waste disposal: The storing of radioactive The resulting stalemate will have to be re­ REcoRD, I include my March 10 waste from nuclear power plants has defied solved soon, and at this point it remains to Washing.. ton Report, "Nuclear Power": solution. The volume of these wastes is not be seen whether short-term polltical consid• large, but finding a fall-safe storage for erat1ons or the nation's long-term interests NUCLEAB POWER thousands of years is a d1.1Iicult task. For will be given priority. The feeling is growing in the Congress that the near term, the Energy Research and De­ What is most discouraging is that a num­ 1975 may be a year of decision :tor nuclear velopment Administration has decided to ber of proposals now being advanced 1n Con­ power. postpone a final choice and "buy time" by gress call for a sharp increase in U.S. taxes Thirty years Into the atomic age, and at a building a temporary storage facUlty until on the petroleum industry, threatening to time when atomic power ought to be provid· a long, term, acceptable solution . can be abort the effort before it can get under way. ing the answer to the energy shortage, un­ found. The question is whether it ls de­ In actuallty, the petroleum industry's total solved questions about the cost and the sirable to develop nuclear power vigorously tax burden is among the heaviest in the en• safety of nuclear power are becoming urgent. without a firm assurance that the technology tire economy. Everyone agrees that nuclear energy offers 1s at hand to satisfactorily manage the Standard Oil's record is both Instructive the potential tor meeting a signlticant part hazard. and representative of the industry as a of our energy needs far into the future. It Energy research: In recent years atomic whole. Our net earnings in 1974 totaled $970 offers an alternative to our present heavy power has received a major portion of the mUUon. However, our direct tax blll totaled rellance on oil and gas. It is clean, requires federal government's energy research funds­ more than $1.1 blllion-not including $939 less land, and avoids many of the problems about 74% in 1973. The Congress is moving mllllon in excise taxes on our refined prod­ of the fossil fuels. Even so, scientists and now in the direction of diversUying energy ucts. others are divided over how much rellance supply technology, expanding the research ot the $1.1 bUUon in direct taxes, the should be placed on nu::lear power, some of in solar, geothermal, coal, and other alterna­ largest portion was $7~5 mllllon in income them finding its risks acceptable and others tive energy sources, but there are disputes taxes paid to federal, state, and foreign gov­ favoring a moratorium on development un­ as to which new type of energy is best. ernments. Production and property taxes tll further research is completed. Nuclear power is widely regarded as es­ added another $182 m1llion. The third larg­ The proponents of nuclear power view it as sential to the nation and no one expects the est category was $139 million in export taxes an essential part of the national energy Congress to halt the progress of nuclear and import duties collected on on we pro­ strategy, and the President has set a target technology. Nevertheless, the problems of duced abroad or imported. at 200 nuclear power plants operating by rellabllity, safety, and economic viabllity Moreover, we also paid $382 m1111on to the 1985. The nuclear power industry, with 53 illustrate the number of unsolved difficulties U.S. government in bonuses to obtain the plants currently producing 7% of the na­ in the nuclear area. These problems must right to lease and explore offshore federal tion's electricity, has already committed over always be considered in the context of the acreage, and we committed $105 m1111on to $100 m1111on for nuclear power production benefits of nuclear power and the strong acquire a hall-interest in a lease on federal and has planned .a major expansion. The op­ incentives those benefits provide. shale properties in Colorado. These amounts ponents of nuclear power recognize that they The actions of the Congress this year will are not included in the tax totals and repre­ must restrain the nuclear power juggernaut indicate how fast the nation wlll proceed sent an additional $487 million in tees this year in the Congress or chances are they toward increasing the nuclear share of the charged by the government as part of the never w111. nat.Jon's power. Decisions made in the months price of searching tor new energy supplies. These are the issues that the Congress will ahead wlll set a pattern for decades., if not There is no way our company can absorb discuss this year: for generations to come, and they will de­ any significant new taxes without cutting Safety: The record of the nuclear power termine the degree to which ~e United back on the funds devoted to our basic busi­ industry so tar is good. There has not been States becomes a nuclear power nation. ness of finding, developing, and processing a single nuclear-related fatality in the energy resources. Our capital and explora­ United States civilian nuclear power program tion program in 1974 cost approximately $1.8 and no serious accidents have occurred. Yet bllllon, or more than three times our net doubts remain about the adequacy of sate­ LBJ AND THE BEANSTALK earnlngs in 1973 with the largest single por­ guards and controls. Just last month the tion spent in efforts to expand domestic oU newly-created Nuclear Regulatory Commis· and gas production-and we borrowed sion, which was designed to keep a sharp eye nearly half a blllion dollars to help finance on nuclear power abuses, issued shut-down HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL the program. orders to 23 belling water reactors due to OF n.LINOIS The federal government is going to have cracks 1n the emergency cooling system. Dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to recognize it is not the only taxing body ing 1973 there were 861 "abnormal occur­ on the globe, and that it cannot go on de­ rences" at operating nuclear power plants, Friday, March 21, 1975 manding an ever-larger share ot the pot about half of which involved safety ques­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, as we face without bringing down the whole system. tions. Nuclear systems today contain many The petroleum industry is already carrying safeguards to prevent aCcidents, but ques­ the prospect of ever-spiraling budget a tremendous tax burden, and its tax obU­ tions persist about the safety of the systems. deficits, it is useful and instructive to gattons to foreign, state, and local govern• This year the Congress will examine the look back and consider how we got where menta are every bit as real as those to the question of nuclear accidents when it re­ we are. Internal Revenue Service and must be met views the Price-Anderson Act, which man­ Certainly many of the reasons for the out of the same revenues. dates government subsidies for the insurance inflated budgets of today can be found in The government cannot have it both costs of atomic generators, and llmits acci­ the Great Society programs of the mid.. ways-reaping both large additional federal dent liablllty to $560 million. The Atomic 1960's, programs that have proven to be Energy Commission has always argued that oU tax revenues and spurring an accelerated "creeping budget-busters", in that they domestic oil and gas development program the probabllity of an accident causing that much damage was non-existent and the began with relatively modest appropria.. at the same time. It is crucial that any new critics reply that, if that is so, why have any tions which have escalated sharply dur.. federal tax measures include an offsetting liability llmit and why doesn't the insurance lng the last decade. "plow-back" credit for the sums reinvested industry insure against such accidents. We should remember the lesson, I to find and develop new domestic energy Congress is also concerned about how to think, when we consider enacting new supplies, if we are to avoid condemning the protect against the risk of sabotage and theft social programs. What sort of a burden nation to perpetual dependence on unreli­ D'\&• of plutonium, the extremely hazardous will we be placing on the taxpayers 1n able foreign sources. terial of nuclear weapons, which will be gen­ Unless these realities are faced by the erated 1n large quantity. An effective safe.. the years to come? congress in its current deliberations, we will guard system must include physical bar.. A good analysis of Just how much never arrive at energy policies which wlll rters to prevent theft and perhaps even a Great Society costs have grown is pro.. meet the nation's compelling needs. security force for protection. vlded in the current issue of U.S. News & Ma'rch 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8325 World Report by that magazine's editor, become dependent on tax-supported pro­ [The Pittsburgh Press, March 13, 1975] Howard Flieger. We would all do well grams for aid and comfort, it becomes more DYING TOWN TRmUTE TO THE PAST: KLAN to give some real thought to the statistics and more politically unpopular to try to tur~ STIRS WEST WINFIELD'S "MELTING POT" off the tap. (By Ruth Heimbuecher) Mr. Flieger cites, and so that we may do Looking far ahead, many economists see so I insert this article to be printed at the U.S. moving inexorably into a socialistic History is traditionally recorded with broad this point in the RECORD: state because of the growing dependence of strokes of the pen, describing notable people, places and events. · LBJ AND THE BEANSTALK its people on Washington. Is that what Americans want? As we approach America's Bicentennial an­ (By Howard Flleger) The question has never been faced squa1·e1y niversary, we will read and hear how our Remember Lyndon Johnson's "Great Soci­ by the vast majority. But this is a fact of ancestors "triumphed over adversity," or if ety"? Ever wonder what became of it? history: No nation part socialist and part they failed, how they did so in "some noble You can stop wondering. free enterprise has yet found the perfect endeavor." The Great Society ls alive and well in blend to assure it of well-being, prosperity We will be reminded how they tamed riv­ Washington-growing like a beanstalk and and dynamic growth. ers, crossed mountains and wildernesses, costing taxpayers more money than anyone­ grew crops on arid plains and brought forth its creator included-ever dreamed. riches that lay under the earth. It should be remembeYed that President Pittsburgh is a facet of that success story Johnson, when he first produced the phrase in its growth from fort to trading post to rich in 1964, used it to embrace and enhance some KLAN STffiS WEST WINFIELD'S industrial city. "MELTING POT" federal programs and to inltiate others-all STORY OF TOWN intended to improve the lot of the American But there are other places that grew and people through guidance and financial help thrived, declined and died, victims to the from the Government in Washington. HON. JOHN H. DENT ebb and flow of jobs or changing lifestyles, And so lt began. OF PENNSYLVANIA and they are just as much a part of the In the year before the start-up-fiscal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American historical scene. 1964-Grea.t Society-type programs cost 29.5 If these towns could talk, they would have billion dollars and accounted for about a Friday, March 21, 1975 their own interesting and important stories fourth of all federal outlays. Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, this is a time to tell, for where there were people, there For this fiscal year-the one that ends on was also drama. June So-Great Society spending is officially in which we are often visited bY the past, and by recurrences of what happened And there were conflicts, as ethnic groups estimated at 152.8 billion dollars. That's al­ rubbed against each other, differences so in­ most half of the current budget. in bygone days. For example, I was read­ tense that the Ku Klux Klan sometimes in- Even leaving out Social Security cash bene­ ing recently of modern day "Okies" or vaded, and found support. , fits, which have gone up at a pace hardly "Dust Bowlers" who are traveling This is the story of one such town-West anyone expected, the Great Society will have throughout our land in search of jobs, Winfield-population less than 10, and still grown from 13.3 billions in 1964 to 111.5 bil­ pulling up roots and piling the family falling. lions in 1975-an increase of 738 per cent. into the station wagon in the hope that It lies northeast of Pittsburgh 1n a. shallow Take a few specifics: somewhere down the road there might valley near Saxonburg, about 15 miles and Medicare began in mid-1966. In its first many years from the busy traffic of Route 8. 12 months, benefits totaled 3.4 billions. Out­ be a better day for them. Hemmed by h1lls and divided by the stream lays for 1975 are estimated at 13.9 billions. There are other manifestatiors of the that carved and defined its boundaries, West Federal public-assistance spending for current economic crisis that harken back Winfield is almost a. ghost town. Soon, only medical purposes in 1964 cost $538 million to hard times in history and I recently six people will live there, and once, 1,000 or for 4.1 million beneficiaries. Then medicaid had occasion to read Jf one of those more called it home. was born in 1966. The figures in the new manifestations that came very close to Before it was settled, almost 200 years ago, budget: 6.6 billion dollars for 24.7 million home. there were Indians and the soft sounds of people. nature. Bird songs, the rush of a creek that The food-stamp program, an LBJ favorite, I am talking about the ghost town, which first came to prominence in west­ drained the hills. Wind moving the branches almost 600 percent more than it was in 1964. of trees, riffiing bushes and weeds. The silken and 360,000 people shared in it. In fiscal 1975 ern towns whose main industry was gold slip of a gliding snake, and at night, the hoot the figures are estimated at 3.7 billion for or silver mining. Whole communities of an owl. 15.8 million people-and both numbers prob­ were left to the elements when the mines Among the first white settlers was Jere­ ably are going to turn out to be low. ran out of mineral wealth. miah Smith, who changed those sounds for­ Education was one of the cornerstones of I should know something about ghost ever when he arrived in 1796 with four sons the Great Society. Federal outlays (not and two daughters. counting veterans' education) came to 919 towns because I come from one. When I tell people that I was born in Johnetta, One boy was a cooper, another a carpenter. million dollars in fiscal 1964, and reached 4 The rest farmed, starting in a small way to billion in the last LBJ budget. They have Pa., they lovk puzzled. I do not blame alter the creek bottom land. continued to grow under Presidents Nixon them. I hardly know where it is anymore The Smiths were followed by other set­ and Ford. This fiscal year, federal spending either, because it has literally vanished tlers-mostly Irish, and many of them Revo­ on education is expected to total 6.3 billion­ from the face of the Earth. lutionary veterans: the Cruikshanks, Cyph­ almost 600 per cent more than it was in Ruth Heimbuecher of the Pittsburgh ers, Joneses, Fairs, Johnstons, Hazletts and 1964. Press has chronicled the dying of an­ Kennedys. The above examples are cited to illustrate other small Pennsylvania town, West A sawmlll was built along Rough Run in a trend in the role of Government, not to Winfield, in two articles printed recentlY, 1806, a gristmill in 1809 by Smith's son, Jere­ pass judgment on the worthiness of such miah Jr., and a flour mill in 1817 by the Mc­ undertakings or the efficiency of their han­ and I was immediately struck by the fact Laughlins. dling. that my family lived and worked there The land had other riches. Ore deposits Certainly there are pluses. for a number of years. Two of my sisters were found near -the mouth of Rough Run ­ Medicare and medicaid have relieved the were born in West Winfield. in 1847, and a big stone iron furnace was health problems of millions of Americans, I can remember those old coal mining built for smelting. Bigger Social Security payments have cush­ towns and the way of life that they held. With the discovery of more extensive ore ioned the impact of inflation for older people, deposits elsewhere, the smelting operation the disabled and their dependents, and sur­ Originally our name was spelled Dente, until an Irish mine foreman by the name was abandoned, but ruins of the furnace are vivors of deceased workers. still there beside the creek. Undoubtedly, Great Society spending has of Ryan proclaimed one day that no Other enterprises were begun and aban­ helped rescue millions from poverty. In 1964 Italian would have a name with- more there were 36 milllon classlfled as poor. By doned-a salt works on land near the furn­ than four letters. Thus we became Dent ace, using natural gas from wells close by, 1973 the figure had dropped more than a and have been ever since. third. Economic expansion prior to the cur­ a sewer pipe plant that wrestled clay from Those coal field towns were full of · the hillside, and much later (in the 1920s) a rent recession accounted for much of the immigrants like my father, who took the improvement, but Government programs cement block factory that turned out to be most certainly made a significant contribu­ good with the bad like any American unprofitable. tion. would. Maybe a realization of that phi­ They were there, and they are gone. Some The point being made here is that such losophy might help us today. My father left their marks on the landscape: trees and ventures as the Great Society develop a mo­ was happy, he died with never a regret. shrubs cover scars where others stood. mentum of their own that ts almost im­ That is quite a lot when you think of it. Only one industry-limestone and coal possible to reverse. As more and more people The articles follow: mining-sustained the area before it be- 8326 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 ca.me a town in the early 1890S. And the were born in Czechoslovakia, ln the town of As expected, the Ku Klux Klan burned a mines remain, although the long, cool tun­ Dubova.. cross on the hill the night before their wed­ nels, some 25 mlles of them, ue being used RAYMERS TELL TALE ding. Raymer, who punctuates his salty !or another purpose-mushroom farming. Here's how the Raymers recollect that speech with mild expletives, said, "I told A little limestone 1s stlll quarried, but for long-ago time 1n a company town. them damn Ku Kluxers they better stay the most part, stone 1s trucked in to supply Mrs. Raymer: "The Americans lived up in the hell away from us." the mines' offspring, Penn-Dlxle Cement Co., town. Foreigners lived below the tracks in Dwight and Mary were married quietly in which bought out West Penn Cement around Hunkytown, and beyond that was a section a Lutheran church in Butler, 50 years ago 1950. called Hartford City-for Slavic people, this coming June. COMPANY STILL WORKING Czechs and Poles." Raymer had a Model T Ford which he sold The cement plant owns mineral rights to (In the West Winfield definition, non­ for $100. They bought a "shanty," as .Mrs. 2,368 acres in Winfield Twp. Slavs were "foreigners.") Raymer describes it, near the cement plant. one of its markers ls at the edge of an "They even put us (the Slavs) out of It cost $35, and had a kitchen and one bed­ abandoned cemetery ln the woods, identlfied school," she said, "and built a one-room room. by a rickety wooden cross, two tombstones schoolhouse down there for the 'hunkies.' " Some time later, they moved to a house and sunken, anonymous graves dating from Her voice stops for a minute as the images in the "American" section. Even with no the 1918 flue epidemic. come rushing back. indoor plumbing, it was a step up for the A marker in town juts from the ground Dwight Raymer takes up the story. Con­ Raymers. near the spot where stables housing mules sidered an "American"-his background is They had seven children, six born at home, for the mine used to be. German and Scandinavian-he lived on the and the youngest (Nancy, who still lives with The cement company owns West Winfield, upper side of town. them and works 1n the mushroom mine) and it had been a reluctant landlord. Taxes He remembers when the first "foreigner" at the hospital in Tarentum. on the homes (most built around 1900 and moved into the "American" section. "The What did Dwight Raymer like so much in some in 1927) were higher than the rent man was a big shot at the sand plant," employes paid. Mary Demchik that he risked his family's" Raymer recalled. A Croatian, he settled next good graces and the ire of the "Ku Kluxers"? As soon as a !amlly moved out, its home to the house of an engineer, who promptly was torn down. All that is left is one dou­ "Damned 1! I know," he says laughing. ''It built a high fence between the houses. was just one of those things, I guess. It'll be ble house, long unpainted, its roof green "Then Frederick McKee--he was owner of with moss, standing on the high side of the 50 years in June; that's a hell of a long the town at that time--came up from Pitts­ time to live with one woman." main street (the only street--and one alley), burgh and asked about the fence and believe and the partly razed remains of others. me, that fence was torn down by the time And what of Mary Demchik? What did Gaps like missing teeth show where other he left.'' she see in Dwight Raymer, the "American" houses died. Even the "Americans" didn't get along from the right side of the tracks? She waves The 1894 post office, a narrow wooden reUc, with each other, Raymer related. "I remem­ her hand, dismissing the question as silly. perches at the end of the row, its glass ber they used to put big boards between the "I don't remember." honeycombs that held letters !or residents porches so they wouldn't have to look at each empty now. It is scheduled for demolition other. And they'd even set their swings up soon. facing away from each other." Across the asphalt strip that cuts through West Winfield was an exotic little melting NATIONAL WHEELCHAIR ATID..ETES' West Winfield are more foundations, ruins of pot for a while. Immigrants were brought in WEEK buildings that used to be: a Catholic church, to work at the mines and in the pipe shop. a Protestant church, more houses, a con­ There were Italians, Mexicans, Austrians, fectionery, a barber shop. Poles, Czechs, Croatians, Spaniards, one black Structures that made this a thriving com­ man, and one Paiute Indian. HON. EDWARD R. MADIGAN munity have disappeared. Gone are the hotel, Around the early part of the century, per­ OF ILLINOIS the big boarding house, Donaldson's general haps, 1,000 people lived there, according to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES store, Jacob Schwartz' clothing store, the an old history of Butler County. public school building where a Presbyterian Friday, March. 21, 1975 mission operated. SUNDAY DAY OF REST And although they worked peaceably Mr. MADIGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Uni­ PEOPLE DRIFT AWAY enough side by side during the week, Sun­ versity of Dlinois Division of Rehabilita­ They are gone, like almost all the people days were days of rest for some and brawls tion-Education Services and Delta who worked, married, raised families, held for others. Sigma Omicron, the disabled students• picnics in the woods, made moonshine, and "People from Hunkytown would get drunk died there. on Sunday and go down to Hartford City, service organization, have been awarded It's not a pretty place, especially at thls where the Slavic men lived," Mrs. Raymer the 19th National Wheelchair Games to time of year, unsoftened by the green of said. "We'd watch them coming down the be held June 12-15, 1975 on the Urbana summer. road with clubs and bricks, and such fights Champaign campus. More than 400 of In spite of its homeliness, West Winfield you never saw." the United States' finest wheelchair had its romance and drama, the kind usually In 1924, the Ku Klux Klan came to West athletes will be competing for national found in fiction, the "once upon a time" Winfield to recruit. It burned crosses on the championships in track and field, table stuif that happened long ago in this little hills and offered memberships to anyone tennis, weight lifting, swimming, and bowl in the h111s. who had $25. "Lots of people joined so they It's found 1n the story of Mary and Dwight could be 'all-American,' " Raymer said, the archery and berths on the U.S. Wheel­ Raymer, who stlll live 1n West Winfield, 1n sarcasm heavy in his voice. chair Athletic Team which will compete one of the two homes not owned by the The "Ku Kluxers" were there the night in Stoke-Mandeville, England and company (sturdy brick buildings with indoor before Mary Demchik and Dwight Raymer Mexico City, and Mexico this summer. plumbing), and therefore, still standing. were married, and friends warned Raymer The National Games are considered to there would be trouble. be more than a sports spectacular. They A FOREIGNER AND AN AMERICAN CONFRONT THE No "mixed" marriage had ever taken place KLu KLux KLAN in West Winfield before. Not only were Mary present the opportunity to vividly dem­ (By Ruth Heimbuecher) and Dwight from opposite sides of the tracks, onstrate the abilities and capabilities of Dwight Raymer is retired now. He worked but Mary was Catholic and Dwight was not. the disabled to the general public. It goes almost 42 years for the cement company, and They had met at the hotel run by Ray­ a long way in reinforcing the statement, before that, in the coal mines at West mer's aunt, where Dwight boarded and Mary "It's ability, not disability, that counts." Winfield. worked. "Like a danged old mule," Mrs. Ray­ In order to focus public attention on mer remembers without rancor. He was born in Natrona Heights and moved this outstanding event, my colleagues in to West Winfield to work at the age of 14- "That was all right, but when his aunt in 1917. found out Dwight and I were serious, she the House, Mr. HYDE, Mr. McCLORY, and With her famUy, 6-year-old Mary Demchlk fired me." Mr. RAILSBACK, are joining with me and arrived in West Winfield 1n 1914, where her· WALKING AND COURTING Senators PERCY and STEVENSON in offer­ !ather found work at the sewer pipe shop. The couple courted by walking up and ing a joint resolution which would desig­ 'fhe Demchiks (11 of them) lived across down the road. "Most people walked on dates. nate the week of June 8-19, 1975, as the railroad tracks, !or 1n the old and early What else?" said Mrs. Raymer. "That's all tradition of some U.S. towns, "foreigners" the American girls did, too. But it was very, "National Wheelchair Athletes' Week." and "Americans" lived separate Uves ln sep­ very seldom you'd see them walking through I urge expedient and favorable action arate parts of the community. The parents Hunkytown and Hartford City. They walked or this joint resolution by the House ot of Mary Demchik (now Mrs. Dwight Raymer) up above:• Representatives. March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8327 WHO wn.L BEAR THE ''GU'ffiT''? dlvlslons held the field !or three years, Hanoi country. The major European countries remains the dominant polltlcal force. and Japan have agreements under which And Hanoi 1s notoriously allergic to nego­ more than $7 billion in Government· tiating when its troops are on top. The clan­ backed export credits will be available to HON. BOB WILSON destine radio of Cambodia's insurgents, lo­ OF CALIFORNIA cated near Hanoi and run by Vietnamese, on finance sales to the Soviet Union. In the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES :March 3 indicted President Lon Nol and six last 3 months agreements have been signed by France, Italy, and the United Friday, March 21, 1975 other cambodian leaders: ••Our Cambodian people •.• cannot forgve these traitors. We Kingdom committing $5 billion in new Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, under must ellmlnate them." Any doubt about credits for the U.S.S.R. There are also the leave to extend my remarks in the what •'elim1nate" meant was ended March 6 more than $2 billion in credits still avail­ RECORD, I include the following: when Sihanouk told Reuters news service able from West Germany and Japan. that six of the seven would .. probably be ex­ WHO WILL BEAR THE "Gun.T"? U.S. firms have projects involving more ecuted.'' (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) Nobody who has studied communist con­ than $3 billion of U.S. exports under The foggy notion in Congress that ending trol over nearly all of Cambodia's country­ active discussion and negotiation with aid to Cambodia wlll halt bloodshed under side and one-third of its population believes the Soviet Union. Agreements for proj­ a coalltion government benevolently guided the list would end at six or seven notables. ects involving over 25 percent of these by Prince Norodom S\b.anouk conflicts with There 1s abundant evidence of drumhead potential American exports were ap­ two harsh realities. justice in the provinces, with omcials secretly parently nearing conclusion at the end First, Sihanouk, exlled in Peking, has no executed by stabbing. of 1974 when the Congress clamped the real influence over Communist forces in Ordinarily vlllagers are scarcely immune. Cambodia, which are largely controlled by Refugees and defecting Communist soldiers lid on United States-Soviet trade. One the North Vietnamese politburo. After the agree that in July 1974, after capturing Ta American paper company now plans to Communist takeover in Cambodia, the saxo­ Hen outpost of Battambang Province, insur­ shift the purchase of some $800 million phone-playing prince would be a temporary gents executed 900 men, women and chil­ worth of equipment from the United figurehead packing his bags for luxurious re­ dren. States to the United Kingdom, France, tirement at Mougins on the French Riviera. In short, when anti-aid congressmen argue Canada, and Finland, for financing to Even 1! he favored a coalition government, to end aid rather than "prolong Cambodia's sell the equipment for a pulp and paper Sihanouk could not impose it on Cambodian agony," they are urging the United States to complex to be built in the Soviet Union. communists and would not try. he.sten a brutal campaign against one of the second, neither Cambodian insurgent lead­ world's oldest, most sophisticated cultures. Mr. Speaker, the limitation placed on ers nor their mentors in Hanoi have the That attitude 1s in keeping with congres­ credits to the U.S.S.R. was a direct slap slightest intention of collaborating with the sional decisions ever since Lon Nol in 1970 in the face to a country with which we defeated politicians of Phnom Penh. Rather, provoked war by ordering out North Viet­ should be improving relations, not mov­ they talk of avoiding the mistake of Dr. Sal­ namese regulars who had been using Cam­ ing backwards. If this action was in­ vador Allende, the late Marxist president of bodia as a sanctuary !or the Vietnam war tended as a rebuke for policies of that Chile; not quickly Uquldating the bourgeois with Sihanouk's tacit approval. As we re­ country with which we disagree, it has politicians who later ousted hlm. Publicly ported from Cambodia in 1970, 1971 and 1973, certainly had no effect other than to earmarking seven Cambodian leaders for the some 1,000 CIA paramilitary advisers could firing squad ls only the beginning. have turned Cambodia's ceremonlal army in­ shift Soviet trade agreements from the Thus, by stopping fuel and e.mmunltion for to an effective fighting force. Congressional United States to other countries willing besieged Phnom Penh, Congress speeds the abhorrence over the Vietnam nightmare to deal with them as full and equal trad­ Communist victory and probably guarantees stopped effective help for the Cambodlans­ ing partners. By proposing to repeal nationwide reenactment of executions, im­ brave, patriotic but unskilled mllitarily. No the limits on Ex-ImBank credits to the prisonments and repression common every­ eleventh-hour proposal that Mike Mansfield Soviet Union, I do not imply acquiescence where in Cambodia under Communist con­ go to China to prevent a blood bath can with their emigration policies or other trol. Even with continued U.S. aid, the miser­ erase that grim responsibility. activities repugnant to American values. ably led Ce.mbodie.n army seems doomed. But that can be tre.ced to years of congress' Rather, the purpose of this repeal denying adequate aid and advisers. In seek­ measure is to attempt to recapture for Ing gullt for the Cambodian tragedy, all ASHLEY CALLS FOR REMOVAL OF this country the preeminent position we roads lead to Washington. RESTRAINTS ON UNITED STATES­ need in world trade to get on the road To cleanse their hands of blood, mem­ to economic recovery, at a time when our bers of Congress show ingenulty-partlcular­ SOVIET TRADE balance of payments has dropped to the ly Sen. Henry M. Jackson, the former hawk worst sustained deficit level of this turned Indochina dove. Jackson ls urging Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield to HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY century. fly to Peking to urge his old friend, Prince oF omo Congressional meddling with the Ex­ Slhanouk, to seek a coalition government IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES imbank has done nothing less than ex­ which would avert a Cambodian blood bath. port American trade and American jobs The Jackson view of Cambodia sees the In­ Friday, March 21, 1975 to other countries. Our export policy surgents suspicious of Hanoi, friendly to Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, I am today cannot be fashioned on the basis of dis­ Peking and respectful of Sihanouk. introducing legislation to repeal section agreement over internal political prac­ Jackson must not he.ve listened to the 613 of the 1974 Trade Reform Act and the prince lately. Ever since being deposed by tices. It must be based on our own self­ Gen. Lon Nol on March 18, 1970, Sihanouk 1974 amendment to the Export-Import interest, which we now find damaged by has talked of revenge through Communist Bank Act which placed a $300 million the restraints we have placed on the Ex­ milltary victory 1n Cambodia and then fading ceiling on credits for the sale of U.S. imbank in this area. With our economy away to France. "I! I go on as chief of state products to the Soviet Union. I opposed hurtling deeper into recession, we can after victory," he told the Swiss Tribune de this ceiling in hearings, in floor debate, no longer afford this self-defeating pos­ Geneve in December 1971, "I run the risk and in the conference because of its po­ turing. of being pushed out the window by the tential for damage to the hard-earned Mr. Speaker, Congress through its Communists, like (Jan) Masaryk, or I might detente we have been seeking with the oversight jurisdiction and various re­ be imprisoned !or revisionism or deviation­ ism." He since he.s sounded that theme in U.S.S.R., a fear that has been realized porting requirements will be continually interview after interview. with the crumbling of trade between our aware of the amount of credits being ex­ Returning from a visit to Hanoi in Jan­ two countries to the detriment of inter­ tended by the Eximbank and can act uary, Sihanouk seemed even more resigned national relations, American export at any future time when it feels that the to Hanoi's hegemony over all Indochina, in­ trade, and the jobs flowing from this amount is too great. We need not limit cluding Cambodia. To a Western visitor 1n trade. It was my view then, and still is, our readiness to take any initiatives we mid-February, the Prince seemed morose, ex­ that it is bad policy to single out one feel are necessary as the world situation pressing doubt he could serve any useful pur­ country for discriminatory treatment changes. pose 1n Cambodia. Nor is Peking calllng the Cambodian tune. regarding Export-Import Bank financ­ But the singling out of one country for Although mllltary supplies for the insurgents ing. discriminatory treatment in advance come from China, 2,000 military advisers in As several of us warned last year, these can only be construed as a purposeful the field are North Vietnamese (as are some amendments have made Ex-lm Bank affront to that country, and in this par­ 8,000 logJstcaJ troops). Having trained Cam­ financing less competitive, with serious ticular instance it has had the predict­ bodian insurgents while North Vietnamese damage to incentives to export from this able result. We need to reconsider our 8328 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 ill-advised actions of last year at the Every Party leader was directly involved of t he American volunteers, and of the pres­ earliest date and reinstitute evenhand­ and given responsibllity to recrUit volun­ ent struggle to end support of the Franco edness in our international trade policies. teers, raise funds, help obtain passports and regime. In this I was guided by the V .A.L.B.'s Mr. Speaker, I urge the approval of necessary equipment for combat conditions. position. To me it is more important to pro­ this legislation as a matter of highest In this the party was ably supported by the ject a broad policy and win support of people Young Communist League. who might shy away from supporting us in priority to undo the damage we have Based on first hand, personal experience 1n the fight today, than merely to re-state fac­ done to our own position in world trade. New England, where I was district organizer; tual matters which existed in 1936, as im­ It is the only course that makes sense. we set up a special committee to handle all portant as they are. aspects of implementing the Party decision. The specl.al committee included Manny Le­ vine, educational director (and a former COMMUNISTS CLAIM LINCOLN BRI· U.S. Marine), Hy Gordon, organization sec­ retary and myself. (Other names are not THE SURFACE ruuNING CONTROL GADE AS THEm OWN mentioned since they are still allve.) AND RECLAMATION ACT OF 1975 This committee, working through the Communist Party and non-Party sympathiz­ HON. LARRY McDONALD ers, recruited 250 volunteers; we raised over HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI OF GEORGIA $50,000 over two week-ends from non-Party, OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . anti-fascist friends. Each volunteer was sup­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plied with enough money to get a passport, Friday, March 21, 1975 buy some luggage and essential needs and Friday, March ,21, 1975 Mr. McDONALD. of Georgia. Mr. sent to New York, which was embarcation Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the Com­ Speaker, on March 12, 197.5, I entered center. monwealth of Kentucky is the Nation's I have always considered the role of the into the REcoRD remarks clarifying the Communist Party, USA, in defense of Span­ largest coal producing State. More coal is Communist Party origins of the Abra­ ish democracy as one of its most glorious mined by surface mining methods in ham Lincoln Brigade, and the espionage achievements. True, in other aspects of help Kentucky than any other State. record as a Comintern agent of Steve for Spain, like the raising of funds for am­ The passage of H.R. 25, the Surface Nelson, now the national commander of bulances, medicines and mobtle hospitals, Mining Control and Reclamation Act of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln the Communists cooperated with many non­ 1975, will therefore affect Kentucky, in Brtgade-VALB. You will recall that Party people in all walks of life; including the near tenn, more than any other bankers and industrialists in Boston and State. an article by Mr. Nelson had appeared Cambridge, trade union leaders, educators, on the Op-Ed page of the February 12 church leaders, Blacks, etc. But the Com­ I supported this bill, voted for it, and New York Times, and that this article munist Party was the dynamo of this move­ I am happy to note that it was approved had been placed into the REcORD. ment. in the House by a substantial margin. Nelson's article denounced anticom­ In rec.alllng the Lincoln brigade, one Its fate should not be a Presidential veto. munism and called for the removal of all should not ignore or refuse to credit the Kentucky needs this bill, and the Nation u.s. military forces from Spanish bases Communist Party for its heroic labors and needs this bill. because they are a "deterrent" in the historic contributions. PhU Frankfeld. Although final wording of the act is (The author served three years and ten yet to be decided-by a conference com­ path of "new forces" in Spain which months in Atlanta Federal Penitentiary for "have gathered to put an end to General violation of the McOarthytte Smith Act.) mittee which will iron out differences in Franco's rule." House and Senate versions of the legis­ In a recent exchange of letters in the [From the Dally World, Mar. 15, 1975] lation-it is still important to note the Communist Party, U.S.A. newspaper, the provisions of the House bill. Daily World, between Steve Nelson and STEVE NELSON REPLIES Basically, H.R. 25 attempts to pro­ PhU Frank.feld's article in your paper. vide for clean and safe extraction of the another old-time Communist, Phil March 1, attacks my piece on the Op-Ed page Frankfeld, is instructive both as to the of the New York Times of Feb. 12 on the Nation's most abundant energy resource: history of the brigade, the purpose of the grounds that it did not credit the Communist Coal. Over half of the 600 million tons VALB, and the purpose of Mr. Nelson's Party of the United States for organlzlng the of coal produced last year came from New York Times article. movement of American volunteers who strip mining, about one-fifth of both The letters read: fought on behalf of the Spanish Republic amounts from Kentucky. However, only [From the Dally World, Mar. 1, 1975) in 1936-39. about 3 percent of total coal reserves are When I write or speak on Spain, I do so as A DELETION THAT'S UNWORTHY Oi' THOSE recoverable by surface mining methods. the National Commander of the V .AL.B., and is WHO DIED IN SPAIN I attempt to reflect our organization's policy. Strip mining often preferred to un­ Steve Nelson's article 1n the New York That pollcy is to raise the issues on Spain derground mining because it is a cheaper Times, "Lincoln Brigade Recalled" (Feb. which have the widest appeal, which go method of coal extraction. However, 12), was timely, informative and unex­ beyond the Communists, the left and the since 97 percent of our coal is recover­ pected. It was a tribute long overdue to those "New Left"-and which reach out to the able only by underground mining, the brave Americans who volunteered to tight Republlcans, Democrats and independents in Nation's energy needs can only be met for Spanish democracy. They were the first the effort to generate support for changing by a renewed interest in underground Americans to meet Hitler's and Mussollnl's our government's policy of support of Franco. mining. troops in actual combat. Those young volun­ In taking this position. I am mindful of teers were selfless, dedicated and strongly the role of the Communist Party of Spain In the meantime, though, surface min­ motivated. They symbolized some of the which Is today most active in mobtlizing the ing cannot be permitted without a pains­ richest and noblest traditions of American widest front of various elements, including taking regard for its environmental 1m­ democracy. some who fought on the Franco side, as well pact. Without such caution, we fa.ce Yet one very serious omission is contained as Monarchists, Socialists, Basques, Catalan devastating results. in Nelson's article. For the sake of historic nationalists, bourgeois democrats, and even It has been estimated that more than truth, I feel compelled to write this adden­ the Catholic Church. These are the elements one million acres of land has been dum. that constitute the democratic coalition stripped without adequate reclamation. The Lincoln brigade was not a spon­ emerging inside Spain--called the "Demo­ taneous, immaculate conception. Unlike cratic Junta." The remaining scars are painfully visible Minerva, lt did not spring full-blown from When I have an opportunity to speak at in many parts of Kentucky and else­ Jupiter's brow. length on the history of the Spanish Civil where in the coal fields of the Easte1n It had its origin, inspirat ion and organiz­ War, as I often do at universities. I develop United States. ing genious somewhere. the role of the Communist Party of the And, we do not wish this fate for our That was the Communist Party of the United States as it related to the war. sister States in the West which have United States. At a plenary session of the However, in writing an article for the Op­ estimated reserves of 32 billion tons of national committee held in mid-1936, a Ed page of the Times. I was limited to ap­ strippable coal. special report was made on the war in Spain proximately 750 words and I was writing for and the organization of the International an audience I believed is more interested in Rather than prohibit strip mining al­ Brigade by Earl Browder, then our General the current issues than in historical anal­ together, as some have advocated, Con­ Secretary. A motion was unanimously and yses. I therefore concentrated on presenting gress has chosen a wise middle ground enthusiastically adopted that an American questions that are of major importance to­ in H.R. 25. This legislation would reg­ contingent be formed to help defend the day. I emphasized the anti-fascist character ulate strip mining, permitting the States Spanish Republic. of the fight for the Spanish Republic in 1936, to administer and enforce this regulation March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8329 1f they have the capability and the desire of the Interior within 18 months of en­ These three fine people are: Mr. Lance to do so, and allowing mine operators to actment, or 24 months if the State needs Casaday, Mr. Alan Rowland, and Mr. adjust to the new law by providing a 2- a new law to create the program. Among Bill Reitz. As I said in my remarks, vol­ year period of interim regulations. other requirements, the States must unteer firefighters are making America If H.R. 25 were a wild-eyed effort to have procedures for designating certain a better place in which to live, and these destroy the coal industry, or even surface areas as unsuitable for strip mining. three young men are living proof of that. coal mining, I could not have supported This is an important provision. The I would like to insert poritons of a it. It attracted my support precisely be­ designation of suitable land would ap­ news story from that dinner into the cause it was not wild-eyed or unrealistic. ply only to land not now being stripped, RECORD. Before that I would also like It struck me--and most of my col­ and where the land is not economically to honor the parents of these three men. leagues-as a reasoned, rational, re­ or physically suited for reclamation or Mr. Casaday is the son of Mr. and Mrs. sponsible approach to a subject which where specified overriding needs con­ Harvey G. Casaday of R.D. No. l, Ros­ stimulates passion in its proponents and filet. siter. Mr. Reitz is the son of Mr. and opponents. No surface mining whatsoever would Mrs Delbert Reitz of 103 Myrtle Avenue, Credit should go to my colleagues, Mr. be permitted in the national park, na­ Punxsutawney, and Mr. Rowland is the UDALL, Mrs. MINK, and many other mem­ tional wilderness, national wildlife ref­ son of Mr. and Mrs. Dalvin R. Rowland bers of the Interior Committee, for draft­ Uge, or wild and scenic rivers systems, of 504% N. Penn Street, Punxsutawney. ing legislation which mustered the sup­ or on Federal lands within national Also, I would like to extend my appre~ p_ort of 333 Members of the House and forests. elation to the Punxsutawney Members of which richly deserves the signature of Federal regulations will take effect 1n the Council, Fire Chief Don Brown, Mr. President Ford. any State which fails to secure the Sec­ A. T. Patterson, president of the Following is a title-by-title brief sum­ retary's approval of its program or fails Punxsutawney Fire Department, and all mary of H.R. 25 as approved by the to adequately enforce its approved pro­ members of the volunteer fire depart­ House on March 18, 1975, by a vote of gram. ments in Punxsutawney. 333 to 86. Title VI. Provides··that Federal lands [From the Indiana Evening Gazette, Title I. Declares that strip mining's can be declared unsuitable for mining­ Mar. 17, 1975] en;.rironmental effects necessitate Fed­ other than coal mining-where specified BRAVERY OF YOUTHS PRAISED BY FIREMEN eral legislation promoting a joint Fed­ overriding goals conflict. (By Bill Graff) eral-State effort of control, ~th basic Title VII. This title contains adminis­ PuNXSUTAWNEY.-The bravery and prompt responsibility to be left to the States. trative provisions, including the author­ action by three young Punxsutawney youths Title II. Creates a new Office of Surface ization of appropriations for the regula­ was recognized Saturday night during the Mining Reclamation and Enforcement in tory program. annual dinner-dance of the Punxsutawney the Interior Department to administer Although some important amendments Fire Department held at the Punxsutawney were adopted by the House during con­ Country Club. the new law. Honorary memberships in the Punxsutaw­ Title ill. Creates a grant program for sideration of H.R. 25, the bill is sub­ ney Fire Department and engraved plaques mining research through State mining stantially as it was reported by the Com­ from Punxsutawney Borough Councll were and mineral resources research institutes, mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. presented to the young men: Lance Casaday, and creates an Advisory Committee to The approved amendments which I Alan Rowland and Bill Reitz. help administer the program. consider to be most important are: On the night of Dec. 30, 1974, the three Title IV. Provides for reclamation of An amendment which encourages the yout hs heard a cry for help and found sev­ abandoned mines. Reclamation efforts States to fund reclamation efforts eral elderly residents of third fioor apart­ through their own severance taxes by ments above the Clinton Discount Store would be financed by a severance tax on trapped by smoke, heat and fiames. coal, amounting to the lesser of 5 per­ permitting up to one-half of the Federal The youths carried the residents out as cent of the value of the coal, and 35 severance tax paid by mine operators to firemen arrived and in effect, saved the lives cents per ton of surface mined coal or be forgiven in the amount of State taxes of these people. 10 cents per ton for underground coal. paid; On hand to pay tribute to the three young At least half of these funds would go to An amendment which prohibits all men were Congressman and Mrs. John P. the States in which they are collected. surface mining in alluvial valley floors. Murtha, Senator and Mrs. Patrick J. Staple­ These are areas where water is most ton, Rep. L. Eugene Smith, and 178 firemen, Title V. This title is the heart of the their wives and guests. bill. It provides for interim regulations, available in the dry Western States, and Rep. Murtha singled out the youths and permanent federal regulations, and where vegetation flourishes most readily, their parents and said: "It makes me proud State programs. and, to be here to help honor you ... Lance, Blll For 34 months after the act is ap­ An amendment prohibiting the blast­ and Alan. These young fellows did what was proved, temporary regulations will be ing and excavation of surface coal where necessary, and I'm going to place this (the 1n force. The interim program requires it would prevent extraction of deep­ rescue) in the Congressional Record." that strip mining operations keep waste mined coal on the same site. materials off steep slopes; control waste piles; return mined lands to approxi­ COAL: AN ANSWER FOR THE mately the same contour as it was be­ MOMENT? fore mining; and take other specified THREE BRAVE FffiEFIGHTERS precautions. Permits for mining are required, and HON. JOHN P. MURTHA HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD the application for a permit must in­ OF PENNSYLVANIA OF PENNSYLVANIA clude: A reclamation plan; a full de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scription of the mining operation; and, a Friday, Mar ch 21, 1975 bond to guarantee that the operator will Friday, March 21, 1975 reclaim the land. Mr.~THA.Mr.Spea~er,onSatur­ Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. Permanent reclamation performance day, March 15, it was my privilege to be Speaker, I wish to call to the attention standards are outlined, including: Res­ guest speaker for the annual firemen's of my colleagues an article which re­ toration to approximate original con­ dinner-dance program at the Punxsu­ cently appeared in the winter 1975 edi­ tour; restoration sufficient to enable the tawney, Pa., Country Club. tion of St. Albans Bulletin entitled same use of the land-for example, Prior to my remarks during which I "Coal: An Answer for the Moment?" The agriculture--after mining as before min­ conveyed my appreciation for the service article was written by Dr. C. Anthony ing; minimization of effects on water which volunteer firemen provide for Bisselle, who is with the technical staff resources; control of mine wastes; safe their communities, the Borough Council of the Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. construction of water impoundments; and the Punxsutawney Fire Departments The text of the article follows: and other safeguards. honored three young men for their heroic COAL: AN ANSWER FOR THE MoMENT? States which want to administer the efforts in saving two persons from a (Dr. C. Anthony Bisselle) law's provisions themselves must submit burning building in Punxsutawney on The gasoline shortage of last winter may a proposed program to the Secretary December 30, 1974. eventually be .seen as a minor nuisance 8330 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2."", 1975 compared to the energy problems of the fu­ electric utilities are obliged either to install United States held their annual work­ ture if we fail to achieve energy self-suffici­ clean-up systems on the stacks or obviate ing conference here at the Sheraton­ ency by increasing domestic supply and that messy solution by burning low-sulfur reducing demand. coal. There is, however, a catch: not all low­ Park Hotel in Washington, D.C., which As the population expands, a reduced over­ sulfur coal is really that desirable. Although was attended by the entire, nationwide all demand can only be achieved with per huge lignite deposits of the Fort Union Re­ leadership of this largest veterans' orga­ capita reductions. The "market place," seem­ gion in North Dakota contain only about nization, comprised of those of us who ingly, is going to assist our "voluntary" 0.6% sulfur compared to an average of 1.8 % served in our Armed Forces overseas in efforts. As energy prices soar, people are for bituminous coal in the Appalachian Re­ combat areas in times of conflict. On coming to realize that conservation and ef­ gion, the heat content of the latter type is this occasion, our friend and colleague, ficiency measures must be implemented. about twice as high. Therefore, on the prac­ the chairman of the Veterans• Affairs Among the more obvious, though stlll vital, tical basis of equal heat content, the dispari­ Committee, the Honorable RAY RoBERTS necessities are more insulation in buildings, ty in sulfur content is considerably reduced more efficient automotive engines, a more (about 0.9 and 1.3% respectively, based on of Texas, addressed an overflow meeting sensible electricity-rate structure which does 10,000 BTU/lb). However, many other West­ of more than 500 in attendance at the not encourage wasteful usage, better use of ern coal seams do contain low-sulfur coal of na,tional legislative committee seminar. the waste heat from electricity generation relatively high heat content. As chairman of the Subcommittee on plants, programs such as staggered work Unlike deep mining where a shaft is sunk Compensation, Pension, and Insurance, hours to alleviate peak demands, and studies several hundred or more feet and horizontal of the Veterans' Affairs Committee, I be­ to determine which are really the most ef­ tunnels are used in the digging out of rela­ lieve Mr. RoBERTs' remarks to be both ficient overall energy systems in terms of the tively thin (less than 5 ft.) seams of coal, timely and informative and I commend energy produced versus the energy provided in strip mining the hundreds or so feet t o produce it. of earth, or overburden, are removed and the his statement to the attention of all our On the supply side, there are many differ­ thick (average between 10 and 30ft.) seams colleagues. ent approaches. Some of the more exotic are shoveled out. The overburden is tem­ ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN RAY ROBE RTS sources of power such as geothermal and porary piled to the side and subsequently Commander Stang, Senator Hartke, Ad­ solar energy have limited geographical ap­ replaced in the hole, generally trench shaped. ministrator Roudebush, Mr. Chairman: I ap­ plications. Nuclear fusion, still in its infancy, Reclamation involves grading the surface preciate your kind invitation to visit With raises many extremely difficult technological back to its approximate original contours you this afternoon and discuss matters of problems. Acceptable sites in the country for and seeding the land with appropriate flora. mutual interest dealing with the affairs of hydroelectric power plants have been nearly Good reclamation actually begins before the our nation's veterans. exhausted and the radioactive waste disposal coal is even mined: the top soil is first re­ Our nation has no equal in its generous and safety issues have raised serious ques­ moved separately and stored so that it may treatment of the men and women who have tions about the widespread implementation be replaced as the surface layer when the defended it in time of war. We will celebrate of a nuclear fission program. Domestic sup­ hole is refilled. Because the overburden con­ our bicentennial next year, but our soldiers plies of oil and natural gas, even with Alaskan sists of many different layers, some of which have been serving the common defense even and outer continental shelf reserves, are may contain substances toxic to plant before our nation came into existence. Our relatively limited. growth, care must be taken to insure that veterans' programs had their origin in the The most sensible answer to the supply these particular layers are segregated and colonies before our nation gained its inde­ situation appears to be in the development not placed too near the surface when the pendence. Provision was made in those early of this country's only really abundant energy trench is filled in. . times to assist the disabled and the survivors resource-coal. Associated with this develop­ A major consideration in reclamation is of those who were killed in the defense of ment, however, is an entire spectrum of the amount of available water. Many West­ the colonies. Our Nation had had a turbulent problems-technological, environmental, so­ ern coal fields are located in areas of low history and has called upon its citizens to cial, and economic. annual precipitation which makes revegeta­ rise to Its defense about every 30 years Coal production in this country peaked in tion extremely difficult. Unless costly irriga­ throughout its 200 years of existence. t he late forties, then slowly declined for tion schemes are used, certain areas are not Modern veterans programs, as we know several decades as oil and natural gas in­ likely to be satisfactorily reclaimed, even for them today, began to take form immediately creased in popularity. Along with this pro­ grazing land. following World War I. The beginning of a duction decline was a decrease in capital Among the societal problems are those medical program devoted exclusively to the investment in coal-related fac111ties. While involving Indians. With the discovery of rich care of veterans came after World War I . the railroads (cars, tracks, roadbeds) fell into coal deposits on Indianlands, many tribes The idea that we should have a single agency disrepair, electric power plants were con­ are beginning to organize and to require administer the affairs of veterans was born verted into, or initially built as, oil- and not only royalties for their coal but jobs in through the experiences of World War I vet­ gas-burning facilities. the mines if leases are to be let. erans being shuffied from one agency to an­ Another factor contributing to the decline These are just a few of the problems and other. As time has progressed, we have of coal was the advent of the nuclear age. conditions with respect to coal development. fabricated a rather elaborate program of in· Tremendous amounts of money, public and Other problems include shortages of minlng surance, compensation and pension, medical private, have ·been spent on various phases personnel, particularly engineers; shortages care, burial benefits; readjustment assistance of the huge specialized equipment used for such as education and training, housing as­ of nuclear development; yet the promise of sistance, unemployment compensation, job cheap, safe power has not been fulfilled. It strip mining; inadequacies in the coal-haul­ assistance, and a wide variety of other Is interesting to note, however, that be­ ing networks; new techniques for digging specialized programs designed to meet the cause of a great concern for safety, some of out thick seams much deeper than presently specific needs of disabled veterans With spe­ the best ecological research-particularly feasible; social conditions in "boom towns"; cial problems. with regard to the complex pathways taken means of financing municipal services in This elaborate program which touches the by elements and compounds through air, mining towns before the mining revenues lives of 29 million veterans, and millions water, land, plants, animals and eventually and taxes become large enough to support more of their families and survivors, has been to man-has resulted from nuclear studies. measures for assuring that water rights are the product of long and continuous efforts by Much of this Information can be applied reasonably apportioned. There are no easy organizations such as the VFW. It is the to the environmental impact statements now answers; and many different disciplines, manifestation of the regard which the citi­ required before the opening of many coal besides mining engineering, are involved. zens of this country hold for those who have mines. Near-term brownouts may already be un­ defended the nation in time of war. The op­ Within the past few years there has been avoidable; but if they are to be kept from be­ eration of this vast program taxes 4.5 % of much talk about developing the vast coal coming a way of life for the next several the entire Federal budget, an amount which resources of the Northern Great Plains Re­ decades, action must replace rhetoric. will exceed $17 billion this year. It requires gion, particularly Wyoming and Montana. an agency which is the nation's third largest Billions of tons of coal in thick seams lie for its administration. relatively close to the surface and therefore During the 13 years I have served in Con­ are amenable to strip-mining techniques. VFW WASHINGTON CONFERENCE gress, I have served continuously on the Vet­ Although strip mining is safer and more pro­ erans' Affairs Committee. During that pe­ ductive per man hour than underground riod of time we have never encountered any mining, numerous problems and issues must Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY serious dlfficul ty in gaining enactment of a be understood and solved before strip mining OF MISSISSIPPI needed program which was based on equity becomes a e-enerally acceptable tecbniaue. and fairness to the veteran. I can never re­ One of the great appeals of western coal, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES member there being a minority of dissent­ besides the huge quantities involved, is its Friday, March 21, 1975 ing report on a bill reported by the Veteran's low sulfur content. With strict environment­ Affairs Committee. al standards on the amount of sulfur dioxide Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, the Bills involving m11lions of dollars in bene­ that can be emitted from smoke stacks­ weekend of March 7, 1975, my comrades fits are routinely voted through the Congress, such as those associated with power plants- in the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the with only one of two dissenting votes. I can March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 833 never remember a blll brought to the floor capablllty. I am happy to see that the VA ministration disability compensation. by the House Veterans' Affairs Committee be­ was not among this list, and I certainly Through the vigorous efforts of the veteran ing defeated, and only on one occasion can I would oppose any action which would subject organizations and some of us in Congre s recall that as many as 40 votes were cast the leadership of our regional omces and hos­ who a1·e interested in this issue, this pro­ against a bill. pitals to political patronage. If you share posal was set aside. But we have no assur­ This record is an expression of concern of this view, I think it would be well worth­ ance that it has been laid to rest. This is the the American people, voiced through their while for your Washington staff to investi­ most substantial threat to veterans benefits representatives in Congress, for their citizens gate this matter further. in modern times, and it is absolutely im­ who served in time of war. With such a dis­ We have had quite a few changes on the perative that your organization remain alert play of generosity on the part of our fellow committee this year. We have 9 new Demo­ when so-called tax reform proposals are sub­ citizens, it is incumbent upon us to see that crats and 2 new Republicans. We have cre­ mitted. these programs are conservative and fair and ated a new Subcommittee on Cemeteries and We are undergoing a very important trans­ honestly administered. Your organization can Burial benefits. formation in the operation of the Congress. take great pride in its contribution to the Congressman Sonny Montgomery of Mis­ This change surrounds the activities of the orderly and effective administration of vet­ sissippi will head our Compensation, Pension new budget committees which were estab­ erans programs. and Insurance Subcommittee. Tiger Teague lished by law last year. This new law re­ Perhaps you have not thought about it, will be Chairman of the Subcommittee on quires the Congress to establish a budget but the Veterans' Administration is a unique Education and Training. Dave Satterfield of of its own and adopt ceilings. These ceilings agency. There 1s no other agency nor any Virginia will continue as our Hospital Sub­ are to be created after considering all of the other Federal program which is surrounded committee Chairman. George Danielson of proposed expenditures for various programs. by thousands of ombudsmen, who we call California will head the Cemetery and Burial We are just beginning to work with our service officers, that are working full time at Benefits Subcommittee. And Jack Brinkley budget committee, and the process will not no cost, for the benefit of our clients, the of Georgia Will probably be the Housing Sub­ be fully implemented this year. It probably veteran. The Veterans' Administration houses committee Chatrman. will be, however, next year. When fully opera­ thousands of these service omcers in its own We will conclude our visits with the na­ tional, this budget process will have an im­ quarters, furnishes them telephones, and tional veterans organizations this week, and pact on all government expenditures, and gives them access to the necessary files. It is immediately following, we will begin work wlll be a factor to reckon with from here on not likely that a problem of major propor­ on our legislative program. We have identified so far as veterans programs are concerned. tions can develop in the Veterans' Adminis­ serveral items which we believe deserve pri­ In an effort to meet this new obligation, tration Without it being detected within a ority attention. I am appointing a new staff member who matter of a few days by the Nation's Corp A compensation increase for veterans and will devote his time exclusively to studying of Service omcers. This unique group of peo­ survivors is in order, based on changes in the the budget so that our Committee can be ple, who have dedicated their lives to working Consumer Price Index since the last increase. well equipped to meet this new responsibility. for others, range from the County Service I would like to point out, however, that there In closing, I want to compliment your fine omcers on through the State Veterans' Af­ are no funds in the Administration's budget Washington staff-Cooper Holt, Francis fairs Commissions, and through the national for this increase, and I should remind you Stover, and Bob Ashworth. 7' also want to ex­ veterans organizations such as the VFW. that the President has recommended that press my personal thanks for the fine co­ It is impossible to estimate how much ad­ increases for Social Security, military re­ operation and friendship that I have received ditional funds 1t would cost to administer tired pay and Federal workers be held to 5%. over the years from the VFW, and express our programs if we did not have the help of We have no assurances that the President wlll my personal affection for those great VFW this army of service omcers, whose salaries support a compensation increase in excess of leaders from Texas-Julian Dickenson and are paid from sources other than Federal 5%. Nevertheless, we expect to give this mat­ Ted Connell. funds. Without hiring a lawyer, we can rest ter our early attention. I thank you for inviting me here, and we assured that a veteran with a claim against We have been receiving complaints about will look forward to seeing you on Capitol the Federal Government can get a fair shake. the 9-month extension which we passed last Hill next week. You probably are so deeply emersed in the year for veterans in education and training. process that it has never occurred to you to The additional 9 months was restricted to marvel at lt.s uniqueness. obtaining an undergraduate degree and we GAREY HIGH SCHOOL OF POMONA, Another great asset to the veterans of this are receiving complaints from veterans who CALIF., CAPTURES CIF CHAM­ Nation is the nonpartisan character of these would like to use the additional time for a programs. We approach veterans affairs on a graduate degree. I hope this matter can re­ PIONSHIP nonpartisan basis in Congress. Your organi­ ceive attention early in this session. zation and others are prohibited by your We are concerned about the ability of the charter from indulging In partisan political Veterans' Administration to continue to re­ HON. JIM LLOYD activities, and we have been successful in cruit competent doctors and dentists, and OF CALIFORNIA minimizing political patronage in the opera­ we have legislation before us which we hope IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of the Veterans' Administration. Of would place the VA in a more competitive course. the Administrator and a few of his position to recruit needed medical personnel. Friday, March 21, 1975 top officers are appointed by the President, We are fairly well satisfied with the budg­ and that is as It should be. But there are et submitted by the Administration. It has Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. Speak­ probably fewer political appointments In the about $300 million in funds for construc­ er, there is always a sense of pride which VA than any other comparable agency in the tion of hospitals and cemeteries. There are permeates a community whenever its Government. funds for beginning new hospitals at Au­ young people excel in athletic competi­ One other great asset of our proJn"am ls the gusta, Georgia, and Columbia, South Caro­ tion. The city of Pomona, Calif., today, high training and professional ablllty of the lina. There are funds for new cemeteries in takes pride in the California Interscho­ directors and assistant directors of regional California, New England, Pennsylvania and lastic Federation-(C!F) -basketball omces and hospitals and the section and di­ the Washington, D.C. area. And there are vision chiefs that provide the expertise and funds for a great many minor construction championship captured by Garey High leadership in the operation of our hospitals projects, such as nursing bed units and other School. and regional offices. For the most part, these needed improvements. The Vikings of Garey High School men have been appointed on the basis of The one part of the budget which is of ended the basketball season with a 30-1 professional ablllty and there has been very great concern to us is the proposed reduction record. On March 15, 1975, at the Los little polltical patronage. in personnel in the Department of Veterans' Angeles Sports Arena, the Vikings came I am concerned, however, about a report Benefits. The Veterans• Administration is ex­ up with a last minute surge to claim a which I have seen In the press in the last few periencing a dramatic increase in work­ 55-52 victory over San Gabriel High days which indicates that an Executive Order loads. Telephone interviews increased about has been issued removing from Civil Service 41% during the first half of fiscal year 1975. School. coverage top career jobs in the Regional Of­ Face to face interviews increased by 78%. It is with pleasure that I insert for the fices of the Departments of Interior, Trans­ Workloads are of substantially in claims RECORD, two articles about the Viking portation, HUD, Labor, HEW, and the En­ for compensation and applications for edu­ victory, written by Kevin Cloe and Bill vironmental Protection Agency. These jobs of cation and training. And we have placed Langley of the Pomona Progress-Bulle­ regional directors and assistants are being additional requirements on the VA with new tin. transferred to the expected Schedule C at programs which were enacted last year. In [From the Pomona (Calif.) Progress­ the grade 15 and below, and to non-career stead of a reduction, it appears to me that Bulletin, Mar. 16, 1975] executive assignments for those in grade 16 the Department of Veterans• Benefits will and above. need additional personnel. GAREY WINS CIF CHAMPIONSHIP, 55-52 For all practical purposes, this means that There are two matters I would like to call (By Kevin Cloe) these regional directors and officials may be to your attention. Los ANGELES.-All year long, Garey High's appointed on a polltical basis rather than on One is the attempt which was made at basketball team has been top-ranked 1n the the basis ot professional attainment and the end of last session to tax Veterans' Ad- CIF 3-A division. 8332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK~ March 2.~, 1975 The Vikings (30-1) ended the season Sat­ Banning claimed the 1-A title with a 51-49 trying to stop Ellis from getting the ball and urday night in the Los Angeles Sports Arena upset of top-ranked and unbeaten Big Bear; it worked. This championship feels real good. and proved they really deserved all that rec­ defending champion E;J. Dorado retained pos­ We've got to do it again next year.'' ognition. session of the 2-A crown with a 67-55 win Team captain Bill Evans spoke for the Before a crowd of 8,000 screaming fans, over Culver City and Palos Verdes copped entire team when he said, "this means the Garey came up with a last-minute surge to the 4-A championship with a 64-50 victory whole world. We were a little nervous when claim a 55-52 victory over San Gabriel. n over Marina. we got behind but we just decided to put it gave the Vikes their first CIF basketball title all together." ever. VIKINGS WIN 'l'l:TLE MINUS THEIR STAB Garey's veterans equipment man, John Mc­ The San Antonio League champions led (By Bill Langley) Nally was also excited. "This is the first CIF championship I've been involved with in my right up until the final minute of the third Los ANGELEs.-Garey High rules the quarter except for one instance. San Gabriel, 17 years of working with the Pomona schools. basketball world today. It may take a while It's terrific. It seems like on this team, when led by the dominating strength of 6-11 center for the south Pomona high school to come Ray Ellls, had a three-point lead (48-45) one player gets cold, another gets hot.'' down from the clouds. Principal Ted Tynes, who has announced going into the final period. The Vikings rose to the occasion here at The Matadors maintained that lead for his resignation effective in June, added, "This the Sports Arena Saturday night in defeat­ team is sending me out a champion.'' the first four minutes of the last quarter. ing San Gabriel, 55-52, rallying in the fourth Then Ken Jordan, coming off the bench quarter. instead of starting as expected, pulled 1t It seemed like the happiest person on the out for Garey. Garey bench was senior forward Delbert Jordan who came up with the greatest McDonald, the team's leading scorer all REPRESENTATIVE LEVITAS VERSUS game of 'his career, scored to cut the Mats' season, who was forced to sit out the cham­ OCTOPUS lead to one point, 52-51 with four a half pionship game because of an operation early minutes remaining. this week for a blood clot in his forehead. Viking guard Billy Evans then put the McDonald received a standing ovation by HON. BO GINN Vikings on top for the first time in the pe­ the fans from both schools before the game OF GEORGIA riod at the 4:20 mark. Jordan then got Ellis when he was introduced along with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to charge into him, causing a San Gabriel Garey starters. turnover. "McDonald helped us by just being on the Friday, March 21, 1975 Kent, only a junior, tried to put the game bench with us," said Garey coach Mike Mr. GINN. Mr. Speaker, The Atlanta away at the 1:50 mark with his usually effec­ Wells, who climaxed his fourth season by tive 20-footer. But the ball bounced off the taking his team all the way with a final Constitution, on March 18 published rim and forward Gary Carpenter followed it ao-1 record. "It's seemed to inspire the an editorial that I believe deserves the up with a layin to cap the scoring. players on the floor when they looked over attention of all my colleagues. The edi­ The scoring was completed, but the game and saw Delbert on the bench cheering them torial concerned legislation introduced wasn't. There was still enough time for San on.'' recently by my distinguished Georgia col­ Gabriel to come back. "The doctor told me not to get excited league, Mr. ELLIOTT LEVITAS. The Levitas Ellis, who scored 28 points and grabbed tonight but he knew I would and he laughed nine rebounds, missed a turnaround jumper bill is designed to bring a halt to the about it," said McDonald. "I wish I could "legislation by regulation" that we all at the 1:35 mark and Evans sUpped under the have played but the players did just great. boa.rds for the rebound. That ovation before the game was real nice." know has become a great problem in the The Vikings, however, turned the ball over Wells couldn't praise his team enough. Congress. and San Gabriel coach Bob Stand called his "This team is just the greatest," the youth­ This is a tremendous piece of legisla­ final timeout. ful Viking skipper said. tion, and it is, incidentally, the first blll It was Matador forward Tom Zankocich's "We've had good teams at Garey the last introduced by Mr. LEVITAS. I believe it is a turn to try and pull the Mission Valley few years but this is the one that went all fine example of his excellent judgment League Champions to within a point of the way," he continued, "these kids really Garey, but the 6-2 junior missed a 10-foot and ability in the legislative process. wanted it." I insert the editorial concerning the jumper and Garey center David Larry nabbed As usual, Garey displayed great balance the carom. Larry, incidentally, sat out a good but sixth man Kent Jordan was the spark bill at this point in the RECORD: portion of the game with an excess of fouls. as he came off the bench to make 10 of 17 LEVITAS VS. 0crOPUS Garey turned the ball over one more time field goals, some of them the long range The Mafia (or Cosa Nostra or organized at the 40-second mark, but Ellis and for­ spectacular type, in leading the Vikings crime or whatever you want to call it) has ward Clay Brown were unable to convert on with 22 points. been described as the "invisible government." the offensive end. Wells had said earlier that Jordan would Well, the massive federal bureaucracy surely Carpenter, who blocked Brown's last at­ start in McDonald's place but he changed isn't invisible, but it wields the very visible tempt, ended up with the ball and was im­ his mind and went with Victor Newton power of government over the American mediately fouled by Brown. instead. people. Garey was able to stall out the final sec­ "Ken has been just great coming off the But Georgia Congressman Elliott Levltas onds to win it. bench for us all year," Wells explained... 1 is determined to make the bureaucracy more Although Jordan didn't partake in any of just decided not to change anything tonight responsible and answerable to the people­ the crucial plays in the waning seconds of because, why change something that has and he is getting lots of help from other the game, it was that charge foul he forced worked." congressmen who also believe that the fed­ on Ellis that helped trim off time on the Jordan, a junior, missed on his first two eral bureaucracy has grown too strong. clock and keep Garey out in front. shots but he found the range in scoring five Rep. Levitas recently introduced by him­ The six-foot sixth man was simply incredi­ buckets in the second quarter. self a House blll calling for a crackdown on ble throughout the game. "I knew I was going to get hot," Jordan Congressional oversight on administrative He scored a total of 22 points and came up said as he was accepting congra.tula.tions lawmaking by the federal bureaucracy. The with several very crucial defensive plays. from all the Garey fans. blll has become so popular that more than Jordan had a chance to start for the in­ Sonny Baldez scored eight of his 10 points 40 congressmen have asked to join it s list of Jured Delbert McDonald, who attended the 1n the first hal!. cosponsors. game ln his street clothes and got a stand­ "Our hustle was the key to the win," The cosponsors include members of both ing ovation by both sides of the arena when Baldez said. "We really had the desire to major parties and range from liberal to con­ he was introduced. Win.'' · servative. "This seems to be an idea whose Kent, instead, chose to remain as the Vike's Probably the biggest key to the win was time has come," said Levitas, who represents sixth man because he felt he was more ef­ holding San Gabriel, which entered the Georgia's Fourth District. And indeed it is: fective at that spot. fourth quarter with a three point lead, to One out of six Americans now work with the Again he was. only four points in the final period. government and the bureaucracy's influence Coming in for starting guard Victor New­ Wells used his big men, Gary Carpenter and reach is octopus-like. ton, Kent poured in 12 points 1n the second and David Larry, to keep the ball away from Federal agencies, said Levitas, "have quarter. That got the Vikings going. the Matadors' big center, 6-11 Ray Ellis, who evolved into a fourth branch of government For his outstanding play, Kent was named made only two of his 28 points in the fourth with hosts of regulations that carry the force to the playoffs' All-Tournament team. period. of law without benefits of legislative consid­ Carpenter scored nine points and led the "I was playing behind Ellis and Gary was eration." In 1974 alone, he said federal agen­ game with 11 rebounds. Sonny Baldez, whose in front of him," Larry said. "Ellis was pretty cies adopted approximatley 6,000 adminis­ outside shooting (six points) gave Garey its good. I didn't expect him to be that good. trative rules-many of which carry penalties 10-6 lead after one quarter, finished with 10 This championship means a hell of a lot to of jall or fine or both if violated. points and seven boards. all of us.•• .. My bill would not destroy the adminis­ In other championship games Saturday, Carpenter, a junior, added, "we were jus1; trative process; lt will make it more respon- March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8333 sible,'' said Levitas. "It assures that those construction of w·ban housing, creating compliance" with the Federal government's few administrative rules which clearly go badly needed jobs at a time of increasing anti-discrlmination requirements. beyond Congressional contemplation are unemployment. The ORS, a section of the Treasury De­ never inflicted on the public." Only an aroused community, express­ partment, has Issued nearly 16 billion dol­ Levitas is right in saying that most gov­ lars to state and local governments since ernment employees try to do a good and con­ ing its concerns and demanding ac­ general 1·evenue sharing money was first ap­ scientious job and many of them do. But it countability from local om.cials, can propriated in 1972, according to the Com­ is those "overzealous" officials-as Levitas de­ press for attention to these human mission. scribed them-who need curbing and the priorities. The legislation, called the State and Local direct oversight of Congress. A second area the Congressional Fiscal Assistance Acts of 1972, provided for Levitas' bill is based on the principles of Black Caucus will carefully examine this $30.2 blllion In financial aid to state and the Constitution and Bill of Rights that no year is racial and ethnic discrimination local governments over a 5-year period, the person should be deprived of Uberty or prop­ largest single domestic appropriation in erty without someone elected by and answer­ in the spending of revenue sharing American history. able to the people being involved in the money. This is critical since the cities • • • adoption of laws that can place them in jail receiving the biggest slices of the reve­ The localities themselves have been or fine them. The unchecked growth of ad­ nue sharing pie have large populations charged with neglecting social services in ministrative lawmaking by the federal bu­ below the poverty level. For example, their use of revenues sharing money. reaucracy was leading us away from those Los Angeles has 9.9 percent of its popu­ In a precedent-setting recent case, the principles. lation below the poverty level and 36 Federal courts ordered ORS to withhold mil­ The bill is the first to be introduced by lions of dollars in revenue sharing money Levitas, who is serving his first term in Con­ percent of its population from minority to the city of Chicago which discrlmina ted gress. It is a great one, and a happy fore­ groups. New Orleans has 21.6 percent of against blacks in the pollee department. runner of others Levitas has promised to its population under the poverty line ORS critics believe that the agency has introduce in the future aimed at making the and 49 percent of its total population the administrative authority to cut off aid federal bureaucracy "more responsive, more from minority groups. Buffalo has 11.2 when discrimination has been found with open, more accessible, swifter ... and more percent of its people beneath the poverty waiting for court action. consistent with the needs of a modern society level and its citizens are 21 percent The report, entitled "To Provide Assist­ founded on enduring principles of freedom, ance," found ORS' compliance program to be democracy, and republican government." minority. There are similar statistics for "fundamentally inadequate." "One problem You never know, "red tape" might one day othei' cities. 1n the enforcement of the civll rights re­ be a curious expression of the past. It would The amount of money available under quirement is that revenue sharing funds may be good riddance, for sure. general revenue sharing is not large be used to free funds which in turn may be enough to meet all our needs and we used for discriminatory purposes," the report must take any steps necessary to guar­ said. antee that our share will not be reduced REVENUE SHARING AND THE BLACK by discrimination. Yet that is exactly COMMUNITY what now takes place according to the MADISON HEIGHTS, MICH., IS U.S. Civil Rights Commission. The fol­ HONORED AS FIRST BICENTEN­ lowing article from the Columbus, Ga., NIAL CITY IN OAKLAND COUNTY HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Times of February 27, 1975, details the OF NEW YORK charges made by the Civil Rights Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mission against the om.ce of Revenue HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD OF MICHIGAN Friday, March 21, 1975 Sharing. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I believe U.S. SERVICE COMMISSION CHARGES REVENUE that general revenue sharing funds SHARING BIAS Friday, March 21, 1975 should be used to improve human serv­ (By John W. Lewis, Jr.) Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, I Ices such as education, health care, hous­ WASHINGTON.-The United States Civil would like to bring to the attention of ing, mass transit and nutrition. Some Service Commission last week charged that the House that Madison Heights, a city the Office of Revenue Sharing, which gives local governments have done this with billions in financial aid each year to 39,000 I am proud to represent, has been pro­ their revenue-sharing funds. Unfortu­ state and local governments, has conducted claimed the first om.cial Bicentennial city nately, too many have not. a civil rights enforcement program that is ~n Oakland County, Mich. This city was The first comprehensive analysis of the not even "minimally effective." so designated in January 1974 and re­ revenue sharing program, recently re­ "Abundant evidence indicates that dis­ ceived its certification and om.cial Bi­ leased, reported that: crimination in the employment practices and centennial flag in February of 1974. One of the most strlking aspects of the in the delivery of benefits to state and local Mr. Speaker, in Madison Heights, General Revenue Sharing program is the ab­ governments is far-reaching, extending to Mich. the om.cial Bicentennial flag flies sence of the usual checks on local govern­ activities funded by general revenue shar­ proudly 24 how·s a day. The citizens of mental decision-making. ing," said Arthur S. Flemming, chairman of the Commission at a news conference. this great city have been interested in The report was prepared jointly by a 'Nevertheless, the Office of Revenue Shar­ America's 200th birthday for quite some number of national organizations includ­ ing . • • has one of the most poorly staffed time now and they have ah·eady made ing the National Urban Coalition and the and funded civil rights compliance programs plans to take an active part in America's League of Women Voters Education 1n the Federal government. Moreover, the Of­ celebration. Fund. Although there has been some citi­ fice has not ut1llzed its existing resources to On June 14, 1976, ·the city will sponsor zen activity, generally citizen oversight the maximum effect. an authentic reenactment of the battle of the spending of revenue sharing funds "For example, the Commission staff found of Bunker Hill with participants travel­ that the Office of Revenue Sharing has not has been inadequate. Community organi­ conducted any full-scale civil rights com­ ing from all over the Midwest to take zations have not been able to properly pliance review unrelated to the receipt of part. Antique weapons and elaborate uni­ monitor how this money is being spent. complaints of discrimination and does not forms of material made in the revolu­ One item we in the Congressional plan to do so at any time in the near future,•• tionary period will be used. Even the Black Caucus will focus our attPl ·.tion on stated Fleming. food, which will be sold at different ls requiring increased citizen participa­ The Commission, in the fourth of its cur­ booths, will be reminiscent of our revolu­ tion 1n the decisionmaking process. Many rent seven-part series on the Federal civil tionary days. The participants and their of the block grant programs cut back or rights enforcement effort, "strongiy recom­ families will remain encamped in Madi­ abolished as a result of revenue shar­ mends" that president Ford should request son Heights throughout the entire ing were designed to help the inner city from Congr~ss an appropriation of $7.5 mil­ lion to be used to provide "at least 300 addi­ weekend. and rural poor. Remedial education, ma­ tional positions." in the revenue sharing This Monday, March 24, 1975 the Oak­ ternal health centers, child development compliance review program. land County Board of Commissioners will programs, community safety and related The 6-member Commission also recom­ present a plaque to commemorate and projects should be receiving more money mended that "other Federal agencies having honor Madison Heights for its achieve­ out of the general revenue-sharing kitty. civil rights responsibilities which overlap ment in being designated as the first bi­ These funds can be used to stimulate the ORS," be delegated "the role of monitoring centennial city in Oakland County. I 8334 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 would like to join the commissioners be­ couldn't remember exactly-have been ex­ Four of the couple's five chlldren were cause this is an achievement worthy of pelled-many more were unable to get the born in Rhodesia; all five were deeply dis· necessary residence permtts renewed. tressed to have to leave what they had always commendation. The citizens of Madison In Rhodesia, nearly 95 per cent of the known as home. Heights have certainly shown their great population is black African, but the govern­ Completely bilingual, they learned Shona spirit and desire to be an integral part ment 1s controlled by the tiny minority of (the tribal language of the region they lived of America's Bicentennial celebration. descendants of white European settlers. in) as their first language and easily flip So I join with the Oakland County Board Most of the Christian churches and mission from it to English in talking with their par­ of Commissioners in the following reso­ groups operating there have been bitterly ents. lution: opposed to the increasingly repressive policies They have no hope of returning to Rho­ directed by the white controlled government desia so long as the present regime ls in RESOLUTION OF COMMENDATION against the Africans. For most missionaries, power. FO& CITY OF MADISON HEIGHTS their sympathies are strongly with the ef­ "We told all our friends we'd never come Whereas, The United States of America will forts of the Africans for independence. back to Rhodesia,'' said Dr. Rosalie, "but be observing its 200th Anniversary in 1976; Dr. Johnson is a teacher in the mission­ that we hoped to come back to Zimbabwe." and operated high school at Nyadirl. Zimbabwe is the name the Africans give Whereas, In January of 1974 the City of In February of last year he offered to drive their country, which they hope one day they Madison Heights was the first City in Oak­ the ambulance from the hospital where Dr. will control. land County to be designated an official Bi­ Rosalie worked, also In Nyadlri, to return centennial City and the 14th City so desig­ some patients to a resettlement camp some 50 nated in the State of Michigan; and miles away. Whereas, The certification and official Bi­ The camps, called "protected villages," are GOVERNOR THOMSON OPPOSES centennial Flag were presented to City Of­ hastily thrown-together areas where African fl.cials in February of 1974; villagers from border areas where guerrillas CSA GRANT Now therefore be it resolved, That the operate are forcibly interned. County of Oakland hereby comments the City "I had heard about such camps but I had of Madison Heights for its achievement 1n never seen one," Dr. ,Johnson recalled. The HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK being designated as the flrst Bicentennial camps are strictly otr limits to most citizens oF omo City in the County of Oakland and extends and their existence is not generally known IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES best wishes for a successful participation in among the country's white population. Friday, March 21, 1975 the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations. "Some of the camps are models these are ones inquiring journalists are taken to," Dr. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the Rosalie said. Community Services Administration­ In others-like the one her patients came formerly known as OEO-is considering RHODESIA EXPELS MISSIONARY from-"they Just put barbed wire around an a $150,000 planning grant request by the area and shove the people inside," she con­ tinued. "There's no latrine, no water-they Vermont-New Hampshire Community HON. JOHN BUCHANAN had to carry water in buckets from outside Development Corp. This could lead to a OF ALABAMA the camp-and no health fac111ties." $3 million Federal grant to the corpora­ When Dr. Johnson returned home from tion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES driving the covered patients to the camp. New Hampshire Gov. Meldrim Thom­ Friday, March 21, 1975 he sat down and drew a rather mild cartoon son is opposed to these grants. In a letter that showed a sad-faced African father and to the director of the Community Serv­ Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, an mother and their two small children peering article in today's Washington Post points out between the rows of barbed wire. ices Administration, Thomson called the poignantly to one of the reasons which The cartoon bore the legend: "Settlers 74" project a "grandiose boondoggle" run "by I have joined with more than 100 of our and "Resettlement Camps-Are They Part of a group of people who in no way would colleagues in cosponsoring legislation to the Campaign?" be accountable to our citizens or their repeal the Byrd amendment. The major­ "Settlers 74" was a government-sponsored elected representatives." ity of Rhodesia's black population have effort to attract white Europeans to the coun­ I think the points raised by Governor virtually no say so in the operation of try. Thomson should be brought to the at­ their government. The cartoon was sent to the church peri­ tention of my colleagues. Therefore I odical, Mbowo, but it never appeared in print. am including in the RECORD the Gov­ Whlle many of the main arguments in An employee at the plant where Mbowo was support of repeal would benefit our Na­ printed saw it and reported it to authorities. ernor's press release along with the text tion and the American worker, there are Dr. Johnson was charged with "making a of his letter. also compelling reasons to deny moral subversive statement" under the Law and OPPOSITION TO FEDERAL GRANT and fiscal support to a government which Order Maintenance Act, even though the (By Gov. Meldrim Thomson, Jr.) treats its citizens in the manner de­ cartoon did not appear in print. CoNcoRD-Gov. Meldrim Thomson, Jr. an­ scribed in the following article which I "Under Rhodesian law, you can be charged nounced today he has sent a protest to Fed­ commend to my colleagues. 1! you have the 'intention• of malting a sub­ eral officials, opposing a "grandiose boon­ versive statement," Dr. Rosalie said. doggle" which would set up a $3 mllllon RHODESIA EXPELS MISSIONARY "We knew a student who was sentenced Government-financed stock-selling venture (By Marjorie Hyer) to the detention camp because of an essay in New Hampshire. Dr. J. Morgan Johnson isn't positive, ot he had written and put away in a shoe box. The Governor outlined his opposition ln a course, but he assumes that the reason he He had never shown It to a living soul, but letter to Bert Gallegos, Director of the Fed­ was expelled from Rhodesia was because the police found it when they searched his eral Community Services Administration, in more than a year ago he drew a cartoon that room." Washington. The Federal Agency is consid­ the government there didn't like. Ironically, the resettlement camps are such ering a request for a $150,000 planning grant But the way things are in Rhodesia these a well-kept secret that the officials who that would lead to a $3 mtlllon grant to a days, a lot of his missionary colleagues, when charged Dr. Johnson appeared to be unaware group to be known as the Northern Com­ his expulsion order came through last month, of their existence. munity Investment Corp. looked at each other grtmly and said, ..It "They really thought his cartoon was a The Governor noted that the funds would could Just as well have been us.'' subversive statement-some propaganda that be used, according to literature from the Dr. Johnson and his missionary-physician he had made up" rather than a fairly tame proposal to finance business enterprises wife, Dr. Rosalie Johnson, talked about life depiction of the actual fact, Dr. Rosalle said. "built on a base of solid social awareness in Rhodesia as they waited between planes When his case came to trial last October. and understanding." at· Dulles Airport on their way to Mrs. John­ after the first day, the charges were inex­ "Since when were sound businesses enter­ son's home in Birmingham, Ala. plicably withdrawn. "I was never able to pre­ prises bullt on anything but the profit mo­ .. It's the kind of thit;lg you have hanging sent my defense," Dr. Johnson recalled. tive?'' the Governor asked. over your head all the time," said Mrs. John­ Nevertheless, the Information obviously The Governor noted that the project would son of the expulsion order. went into his record and three months later be run by a group which ls 1n no way ac­ Since she flrst accompanied her husband to 1mm1grat1on officials ordered him out of the countable to the citizens or elected officials Rhodesia in 1961, the missionary force of country. at a time when taxpayers are hard pressed. their denomtnation-United Methodist-has "My husband's the one to be deported, not He said he is asking the attorney general to dwindled from "about 100 to around 30,• me," observed Dr. Rosalie with a grin. ''But keep a close eye on the project and promptly she said. The attrition rate for other all of his 'dependents' were ordered out too, prosecute anyone who violates the consumer churches has been comparable. and since there's no women's lib in Rhodesia, and fraud laws. While only a dozen or so-the Johnsons I had to come too:• Here is the text of the Governor's letter: EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8335 MARCH 12, 1975. GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY The ideal of democracy. born in an­ Mr. BEBT GALLEGOS, cient Greece over 2,000 years ago. has Director, 'Community Services Administra­ prevailed, and Greece today has taken tion, Washington, D.C. HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO her rightful place among the free nations DEAR ~. GALLEGOS, I write to express my OF ILLINOIS strong opposition to a planning grant re­ of the world. quest by the Vermont-New Hampshire Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is a pleasure to extend greetings to munity Development Corporation of approx­ Friday, March 21, 1975 Americans of Greek descent in the 11th imately $150,000 that in turn would lead to Congressional District, which I take pride a funding of $3 million by the Office of Eco­ Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, Greek in representing, as well as those in Chi­ nomic Opportunity to an incorporated non­ Independence Day has a special meaning cago and across our Nation on the occa­ profit group to be known as the Northern for Americans, for 154 years ago, on sion of their Independence Day and to Community Investment Corporation. March 25, 1821, when Greek patriots l"ecall a century and a half of genuine CUrrent literature describing the proposed raised the flag of revolt against their friendship between the people of America N.C.I.C. indicates that stock membership Turkish oppressors, they became the first would be sold to a low income people in the and the people of Greece. northeTn. parts of Vermont and New Hamp­ European people to emulate the Ameri­ shire at $1 a share. can revolt against foreign rule. The $3 million in taxpayers money would The cause of Greek independence im­ be used to finance "economically sound busi­ mediately caught the imagination of the A BRIEF REPORT ON SOUTH ness en terprlses, built on a base of solid social American people. Our new Nation was VIETNAM awareness and understanding." Since when not in a position to offer substantial as­ were sound business enterprises built on any­ sistance to the struggling Greeks. How­ thing but the profit motive? ever, a few · Americans volunteered to HON. BELLA S. ABZUG The N.O.I.C. board would create "new ven­ OF NEW YORK tures, acquisitions, or other major financial serve with the sorely outnumbered Greek commitments.'' patriots; others organized efforts to send IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Apparently, there. is no intent to succeed packages of bandages and other supplies Friday, March 21, 1975 as a. business venture with a legitimate bal­ to the Greeks; and expressions of sym­ ance shoot. pathy and solidarity were forthcoming Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, each day's It is stated that "in the event that the from the highest Government ofiicials news forecasts the inevitable conse­ N.C.I.C. terminates its operation, certificate and from communities throughout our quence of the struggle in Vietnam. Presi­ holders will receive only their initial invest­ young Nation. dent Thieu, though his forces outnumber ment, or prorated lesser share, with what­ the PRG and North Vietnamese forces ever remaining surplus to be distributed to During the long and bitter war of in­ a va.rl.ety of local social agencies as deter­ dependence, the world was inspired by by three to one, is unable to hold the mined by the directors." the indomitable resistance and heroic provinces. His soldiers, as Senator STE­ It is important to note that this project dedication of the Greek patriots. Our own VENSON points OUt, lack the will to fight. would be run by a group of people who in John Adams remarked: Opposition to his regime, and the de­ no way would be accountable to our citizens My old imagination is kindling into a kind mand for negotiations grow stronger or their elected representatives. Thus, the of missionary enthusiasm for the cause of every day among his own people. proposal would provide the means of creat­ the Greeks. By way of explanation, I would like to ing one more cell in the great unseen govern­ insert into the RECORD some reactions to ment spawned by the poverty programs. It was during the seige of Missolonghl the situation I found when I visited In the name of the hard-pressed taxpayers that the famous British poet, Lord Byron, of New Hampshire, I vigorously protest this South Vietnam recently as a member of lost his life in defense of Greek liberty. the congressional study delegation: grandiose boondoggle that would thrice rob The Greek struggle for independence our citizens--first, in wasting tax dollars TEsTIMONY OF REPRESENTATIVE BELLAS • .ABZUG on an amorphous socialistic scheme that proved to be long and bitter. Following the intervention of Russia, England, and Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, would primarily benefit its big salaried ma­ thank you for this opportunity to present to nipulators; second, by taking money from France, however, the Greeks saw their you my personal :findings on the recent Con­ low Income people through the sale of mem­ valor and tenacity crowned with suc­ gressional Study Visit to South Vietnam and bership certificates; and third, by competing cess. After many centuries of foreign rule, Cambodia. I have returned more firmly con­ with legitimate investment organizations in freedom was regained by the Treaty of vinced than ever that any further military the region. Adrianople of 1829 and the London aid-of any sort-to either of these countries I hope that you w111 keep this $3.15 mil­ Protocol of 1830. would work against the best interests of their lion in Washington and use it for the honest citizens and the United States. n­ The Nixon Administration made much and the Ofilce of Management and Budget at torcement, aid to business, etc.. which may propaganda about havtng "changed Priori­ the heart of the Federal Government--I have less directly serve or benefit both the aged ties" by having f'educe4 "defense" from 45 a strong feeling that publlc agencies have a and the young. percent of the budget ln 1968 to 39 percent in large responslblllty for meeting the presently The more recent estimates of the change 1975, and having lncreasea "human re­ unfulfllled needs of our Nation's children and from fiscal 1969 to the budget for 1975 as sources" programs from 32 percent in 1968 youth. recommended by President Nixon show a to 50 percent in 1975. They Include ln If my feeling is correct, thts means that continuation of the trend-and even a "human resources" au the veterans' pro­ State governments and the Federal Govern• worsening of the comparison. Data for 1975 grams for war-injured ex-servicemen and ment wlli have to take more action, because released in a budget "special analysis" (and nearly all the $74 billion tn cash. medical, as we know the resources of local govern­ somewhat adjusted by me to Include minor and other assistance for the aged. The latter ments are heavily strained and are very un­ omitted programs and to exclude outlays benefits really are a form of "welfare", as even from jurlsdlction to jurisdiction, as for "elderly" people not yet 65) show a strik­ court decisions on education 1n California ing increase for the aged. 1 The Consumers' Price Index rose 24% and Texas have brought out. In saying this The estimated increase in Federal outlays from calendar 1960 to 1969 and about 35% I do not mean that individual !am111es, and for the aged in the 6 Nixon years from 1969 from 1989 to 1974-thus cutting into the that private organizations as well as local to 1975 1s $40.2 billion. Hence, in 1l.scal 1975 budget increases. CXXI--527-Part 7 8352 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MaTch 22, 1975 recent press reports indicate President Ford This is not just a problem in budgetary cent, investors are going to want a 15 per­ and his staff are calling them, rather than arithmetic. We know that low support for cent return or better on utmty stocks before an "investment" in productive people, as benefits and services for chlldren is often they will accept the risks of owning them. the term "human resources" connotes. associated with high failures in education In other words, so this theory has it, the Education, health, and related services for and frequently with high rates of delin­ stocks would sell at book 1! the companies children and youth who will become produc­ quency-and poverty in later, adult life. Un­ were earning 15 percent or more on equity ers in the future are probably the most derinvestment in children thus generates a and could be expected to hold on to that re­ genuine "human resource" investments the vicious cycle o! poverty and welfarism. turn. That 15 percent is at least two or three country can make-but these have been In a large measure, we have the sort o! percentage points better than most utilit ies neglected. This sort of corruption of budget society that we are willing to pay for in our have been earning lately, and !or that matt er presentations for political purposes is one taxes. How we care for our children today more than they have ever earned. cause of the Government's big credibility determines the condition of our society a It is also probably more than most regu­ gnp. Such comparisons are damaging to the generation hence. Private action and local lators are ready to let them earn. Some reg­ public well-being because they mislead the public action is on the whole insufficient to ulators, to be sure, do not really question people about budget priorities. overcome the externalities which individual that 15 percen t may be needed; they simply My former boss at the office of Management self-seeking generates. Realistically, the na­ ask h ow they are ever to put through the and Budget, Director Roy Ash, in Washington tional Government is the only entity with rat e increases that would make it possible. has recently floated a "trial balloon" about a the money capacity and the power to give Others, disdaining the message coming from possible effort to cut back some of the pro­ all our children a fair start in life. t he m arket, question whether a return that grams for which the Nixon Administration The nature of the task ahead is made clear high ls either necessary or just: "I think used to take credit. He has suggested pos­ by some of the plans and priorities that the market is 90 percent psychological any­ sible reductions, of all things, in aid to were voiced by the Conference on Children way-a lot like ladies' fashions," says Louis Families with Depedent Children, social secu­ held in Washington in December 1970. My J. Carter, a Pennsylvania commissioner given rity, and revenue sharing. own analysis of the priority poll taken at to such oversimplifications. "If we gave the Senator Proxmire, almost simultaneously, the Children's Conference suggests the fol­ utilities 15 percent, they would be doing bet­ called attention to a little-known tax loop­ lowing action needs, more or less in the order ter than the industrials. Why should a mo­ hole by which big business could change listed: Comprehensive services, especially for nopoly get to do that well? Besides, can you accounting practices for inventories and young children; action to eliminate racism; demonstrate to me that 15 percent will get realize $6 to $9 blllion of tax breaks this action to improve education; creation of or­ the utilities all the capital they need?" year. This would be on top of $60 blllion of ganized efforts to follow through on the The proposition is not demonstrable. Nor tax loopholes which previously have been recommendations; reordering of our national can it be denied that 15 percent, by historical identified by the Joint Economic Commit­ priorities to accord greater weight to chil­ standards, is a lot for a monopoly industry, tee. The Ford Administration is promoting dren and youth; organization for child ad­ which after sil is not subject to the normal more tax loopholes for business rather than vocacy at the local, State and national levels; disciplines of competition and whose effi­ closing them-at the same time that it pro­ comprehensive health services for mothers ciency is not easily measured. There is no poees to cut "people" programs. If the and children; justice for children; etc. real way of telling, in fact, how much of the Treasury and Chairman Wilbur Mills could The passage of time has only confirmed utilities' problems are the fault of manage­ close half the Federal tax loopholes now in the insight and the wisdom of the Confer­ ment . existence, the Government could finance new ence--even though the Nixon Administration One opinion on that subject comes from programs for children and youth which did not identify with the recommendations John F. Childs, a vice president of Kidder, would change our society for the better in a of the Conference President Nixon had con­ Peabody and a former banker who has spent remarkable way. vened. years advising both industrial and utility Thus it becomes clear that at the center of corporations on their capitalizations, and is the problem of the neglect of priorities for considered a ranking expert on utilities. children and youth is the issue of reorder­ THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF Childs says he has concluded that the indus­ ing the budgetary priorities of the country. PRIVATE miTIES try is neither better nor worse managed than One important recommendation of the 1970 other industries, neither more efficient nor White House Conference on Children in this less. Nevertheless, even if that is true as a regard was that "At the national level ... generality, it is not necessarily a consolation the proportion of our gross national product HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON to a regulator trying to decide rates !or a devoted to public expenditures for children OF ~ASSACF.nJSETTS specific utility. Some regulators see them­ and youth be increased by at least 50% dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES selves as being asked for 15 percent on a kind ing the next decade, and that the proportion of "cost-plus" basis, and find it very frus­ of the Federal budget devoted to children Friday, March 21, 1975 trating indeed. be at least doubled during that period." In the 6 years since 1969, the share of children Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, as THE DIVIDEND THAT WAS NOT and youth in the Federal budget has gone the energy crisis continues, the debate Even so, no regulator, whatever his opinion only from 8% to 9%. The goal suggested by over regulation of private utilities and of that 15 percent, can simply close his eyes the White House Conference would be to the need for public utilities rages on. today to those below-book prices or to the reach 16 percent of the Federal budget by It seems to me that not only at the general state of the market for utility securi­ 1980. State level, but also at the Federal level, ties. This market, first recognizing the utili­ When the Federal programs and the State this is an issue which cries out for inno­ ties' difficulties with lnfiation, then their and local programs are taken into account problems in adjusting to skyrocketing fuel with what the families themselves can fi­ vative policies. An article appeared in the costs, has been in mounting trouble for years. nance, the inadequacy of the provisions for March issue of Fortune by Carol J. Then last April came an event that, in the the young is strikingly highlighted by the Loomis, "For The Utilities It's A Fight words of Donald C. Cook, chairman of Ameri­ fact that there are probably 4 or 5 times as For Survival," which at least in the sense can Electric Power, crystallized the market's many children as aged persons living in of its description of the desperate finan­ fears in much the same way one particle too poverty in 1974. cial situation of private utilities deserves many would crystallize a supersaturated so­ This situation is further aggravated by the the attention of all of us committed to lution. Consolidated Edison announced that huge disparities which prevail among the responsibility addressing the issue of the it would omit its dividend. States (up to two and one-half fold) in total No private utility escaped the force of that public per chlld outlays for education, which structure of the utility industry in our blow, for it destroyed the notion that utility is very important. There are sharp differences country. dividends are inviolate. It also pretty much in fiscal capacity within States, for example, Therefore, I would like to insert the destroyed what was left of the market !or between suburbs and central cities or rural second half of the article in the RECORD utility securities. By September, 1974, the areas. Children in disadvantaged areas need at this time in the hope that it will help average utility stock was trading at about 40 "compensatory" services of high order to further a productive debate. percent of its level ten years earlier. In that overcome their other deficits. The problem decade, the utilities listed on the New York of disadvantaged children in low income The text follows: Stock Exchange lost an estimated $100 billion areas with high concentration of disadvan­ THE FINANCIAL POSITION OF PRIVATE in market value. UTILITIES taged children (and of disadvantaged par­ A NEW "PRODUCT OF INIQUITY" ents, too) are not likely to be solved unless THE CASE FOR A 15-PERCENT RETURN Since the Con Ed announcement, some substantial additional resources are provided What would it take to get the stocks back utilities have at times been forced out o! the from State and Federal budgets for a broad up to at least book-to restore to this indus­ market altogether. Others have reduced the range of cash benefits and services. Some try what is known as "financial integrity"? size of new issues, have settled for short ma­ States do not have the fiscal capacity or Most analysts and utmty executives seem to turities on bonds when they needed long, t h e willingness to equalize spending, let alone have a uniform answer to that question. They and have paid underwriters unheard-of fees to provide extra funds !or compensatory serv­ claim that in today's market, with long-term to merchandise their securities. They have ices in the heavlly disadvantaged communi­ government securities yielding close to 8 per­ wooed investors with all manner of sweeten­ ties. cent and A-utility bonds around 9¥:1 per- ers, Bonds have been made nonrefundable JJfarch 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8353 for ten years. Preferred stocks have been fit­ cannot have been prepared for the bad news $300 million). Says Reuben F. Richards, Clti­ ted with sinking funds, through which par­ that has come since. Southern's fourth-quar­ bank's executive vice president in charge of tial amounts of the stocks are redeemed ter per-share earnings fell to a third of their U.S. banking: "We see this mainly as a timing periodically. UntU 1974, preferreds were gen­ 1973 level (partly because of dilution), its problem." erally assumed to be perpetual: nobody could classy dividend was not earned for that quar­ Thomas H. O'Brien, the bank's specialist have even conceived that a sinking fund ter, and its largest unit, Georgia Power, be­ in utUity lending, adds: "Basically, we feel would become essential. gan making those noises about insolvency. our utility portfolio Is 'money-good.' Sure, And interest rates, of course, have been It is worth noting both that the Southern on some loans we're probably not going to onerous. "The companies have had to put vir­ Co. is a holding company coming under the get paid in six months. It may take a year. tually everything they owned on the table," SEC's jurisdiction, and that the commission But I really don't think we have to stay says Thomas A. saunders, a partner of Mor­ did its bit, as it has recently done in other awake worrying about it too much." O'Brien gan Stanley & Co. For example, Ohio Power, cases, to fa.cmtate that sale of stock. Spe­ says he stlll thinks of his ututty loans as a subsidiary of American Electric Power, sold cifically, the commission waived its rules re­ bridge financing. Then wryly: "The bridge 1s preferred stock in December with an interest quiring underwriters to bid competitively on just getting longer, that's all." rate o! 14 percent. Donald Cook practically the offering, allowing them to form a gi­ Other bankers are not as sanguine about rose from his chair recently as he talked gantic group. This arrangement permitted their loans, but cannot quite see what they about his reaction to that. "It made me miS­ an equally gigantic selllng effort, partici­ can do to get them paid o1f. One banker 1s erable. I've never felt so terrible before or pated in by almost all of Wall Street. not even certain a bank could come out since. The idea of 14 percent money! When It is also worth noting that the Holding whole in bankruptcy proceedings against a we were reorganizing the electric-utility in­ Company Act requires the SEC to act in the utility. He says, "We have all learned from dustry in the late '30's and early '40's [Cook interests of both utility customers and in­ the Penn Central bankruptcy that when was then on the sta1f of the SEC], a 7 percent vestors, a task obviously growing more for­ yo·.ll"re dealing with a very baste public need, preferred was regarded as a product of in­ midable every day. The commiSsion's role in rights of users-shippers and commuters in iquity. And here we are, this great com­ facmtattng the Southern sale almost cer­ the Penn Central's case--may be judged by pany, selling a 14 percent preferred." tainly benefited the company's customers. the courts to come ahead of the rights of While the utllities were twisting them­ Whether lt benefited the company's inves­ creditors. I guess we might conceivably face selves into knots to sell senior securities, the tors, new or old, seems quite another that danger with the utlllties, too." market for new issues of common stock dis­ question. Every banker knows precisely what not to appeared almost entirely for a whlle. During RECYCLING ELECTRODOLLARS do with a major ut111ty today, and that 1s to last summer, only a relatively few utllities interfere with payments of Its dividend. sold common, typically in amounts smaller Ut111ty Investors may at least feel com­ Another dividend omission by a big utmty than they had wished. Then, in September, forted that their dividends are a matter to­ might indeed wreck the long-term financing Wall Street pulled o1f what seemed to many day not just of personal concern, but of market, and in that case the utmttes might of its denizens a miracle: it sold $166 million rather general concern as well. In the king­ never get out of the banks. The banks' in­ of Southern Co. common. dom of utllltles, dividends are all-important. terest In protecting themselves 1s perhaps Unfortunately, the splendor of this miracle They are, more than that, part of a ritual, in the best guarantee investors have that their may not have been too apparent to the com­ which a utility regularly pays out money dividends will keep on coming. pany's stockholders, who may be pardoned 1f that It cannot at all spare in order to induce investors to give it a bit more money back. THE CONSUMER MAY PAY DEARLY they noticed instead that the stock was sold Obviously, the utilities themselves can at half of book value and at a very high Ututty customers frequently do not under­ stand the Importance of this ritual, and take steps to escape bankruptcy-"!! they underwriting cost of 8 percent. Still, after don't," says one utlllty director, "it's just bad the Southern deal, the frequency of utllity­ tend, at moments of crisis, to blast the utntties for kowtowing to their stockholders. management"-and the steps most have stock offerings picked up. (Ut111ty stocks tn chosen are to cut back on new construction. the secondary market also gained some What the customers do not realize ts that if the utUlties do not pay dividends, they National Economic Research Associates, a strength, becoming particularly strong in firm that has done extensive amounts of util­ early January, 1n part it appears because in­ will never manage to raise money in the market for construction. Con Ed knows about Ity research, recently compiled data for vestors anticipated measures by the Admin­ about 100 major utilities and found that, as istration to help the industry.) that; it probably could not right now raise one dime from investors, at least not with­ of December, they had cut their construc­ :J'OR MATURE STOCKHOLDERS ONLY out almost giving away the company. tion budgets through 1978 by $21 bUlion The prospectuses accompanying these of­ Wall Street knows all about that, too, and (close to one-fourth of their original budg­ ferings cannot be accused of painting a it shivers at the prospect of "another Con ets). The generating capacity canceled or bright picture. The SEC today typically re­ Ed." Said Frederick B. Whittemore, a partner postponed amounted to 170,000 megawatts, quires that a utllity prospectus begin with a of Morgan Stanley, at an SEC hearing in of which 110,000 was nuclear. (Currently the very pointed description of the strains af­ January: "We are all severely concerned right private utlllties in total have about 375,000 fecting both the company in question and now that sometime in the next three or four megawatts of capacity, 30,000 of it nuclear.) the industry. These summaries sometimes months some other major ut11ity is going to There is no question that such cutbacks have the fiavor of those warnings that appear have to [omit a dividend]. In companies pose a serious threat of power shortages. 1n movie b1lls: "For mature audiences only." where we have some 1n1luence we are • . • However, the industry's reserve capacity is Institutions have apparently got the mes­ trying to equip them with a full understand­ at the momen"; large and lts regional power sage. In the last year they have for the most ing of what that kind of change in dividend grids well organized. There wlll not necessar­ part stayed clear of utility new issues, ex­ would mean. The ut111ty industry does not ily '""' shortages it the growth of demand for cept in the cases of the strongest companies need another Con Edison. We're deathly electricity slows. Furthermore, the ut111ties (many of which are based in Texas, where afraid it wlll get one. I'm not sure that fi­ themselves, given a little forewarning and the regulatory climate has been particularly nancing can continue 1! It does." the wherewithal, can at some point ahead favorable). move quickly to get capacity by putting in It has been left to individual investors to BRmGES THAT KEEP GETTING LONGER combustion turbines. The disadvantage of fill the gap. They have been encouraged by Onto such thoughts-near prayers, actu­ these, however, is that they burn oil-an ex­ the lure of high yields (the Southern Co. ally-the commercial bankers hang a heart­ pensive grade at that-and burn it ineffi­ issue o1fered a yield of nearly 15 percent) felt amen. Their stake in the industry 1s at ciently; they would never be chosen as the and, in some cases no doubt, by the blandish­ the moment huge, for as the utlllties have optimum kind of base capacity. It 1s fair to ments of securities salesmen telling them been rebuffed in their bids to get long-term say that 1! cutbacks today must later be what a great deal 1s within their grasp. The capital, they have borrowed ever growing compensated for by capadty rushed into salesmen may sometimes have been moti­ sums from the banks. At the end of 1974, the place, the consumer will pay dearly. vated by more than normal amounts of self­ large banks that report weekly to the Federal THE CHANCES OF POWER SHORTAGES interest; typically their payo1f for sell1ng a Reserve had $8.6 bU11on out in loans to The consumer plainly seems no longer will­ ut111ty new issue has been close to double ut111ties, up almost $3 blllion from a year ing to pay for the reserve margins that the ·that applying to a. comparable sale of a listed earlier. industry is accustomed to maintaining. So ln stock. The dominant seller of utlllty stocks Normally, bank loans to utilities are con­ that respect, the cutbacks may be in tune in these difficult times has been Merrill sidered "bridge" financing; i.e., the utillties with public opinion. The industry has been Lynch, whose sales force, as one envious com­ borrow this money while buUding a plant; on operating with reserves above 20 percent; petitor put it recently, "could distribute its completion, they go to the long-term many utility men now see these falling to army footlockers 1f that's what needed to be market for permanent money. But today, It is 10 to 15 percent. An industry study of condi­ distributed." the bank loans that are looking rather per· tions 1n one region, New England, Indicates It is pretty clear that a lot of individual manent. that a 21 percent reserve carries with it the investors who have been buying utllity new One bank claiming to be unconcerned probability that power w1ll be lost once every issues do not fully understand the depth of about all this 1s First National City, which ten years. At a 15 percent reserve, the prob­ the industry's troubles, nor even vaguely un­ appears to have more than $1 billion out to ab111ty changes to once every eighteen derstand the implications of sales below book the utilities and is a major lender, for ex­ months. value. Many investors who gobbled up that ample, to Georgia Power (whose short-term Maybe that is a deterioration of service bellwether Southern Co. issue, for example, loans, from all banks, re<:ently got almost to that consumers had they the chance to vote,

-= 8354 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 22, 1975 would happily accept 1n exchange for lower AN OPPORTUNITY LOST course, nor even with some liberals. "I'm electricity b1lls. Maybe they wlll even tolerate It is hard, indeed, to find anything today an old New Dealer," says economist Robert rotating brownouts or blackouts. Then, again, that is very encouraging about the utilities' R. Nathan, "but I just don't find the thought maybe the prospect of these is tolerable, but situation, and perhaps nowhere is that fact of government ownership or operation very the reallty is not. In any case, says Herman causing greater worry than in Washington. gratifying." G. Roseman, an economist with National Eco­ The Administration is appalled by the nomic Research Associates, such musings A COST NOT IN THE BILL damage that the construction cutbacks are There is, in fact, no evidence indicating bring to his mind the declining days of the doing to the nation's energy program. That Roman Empire-"the roads overgrown, the that public power would benefit consumers 110,000 megawatts of nuclear capacity as a whole. In truth, the main effect of aqueducts not working, the public baths not canceled or postponed had the potential fully operative." public power is to obscure costs-i.e., be­ of reducing U.S. demand for oll by 3.3 mil­ cause publlc utilities finance With bonds When you get right down to it, the remark­ lion barrels a day; that's equivalent to 53 able thing about the construction cutbacks percent of current oil imports and 300 per­ that are tax-exempt and escape certain taxes is not that they have gone so far, but that that the private ut111ties pay, they charge cent of imports from the Middle East. In consumers less than the full cost of the they have not gone further. Georgia Power, addition, Washington cannot help but be product. The environmentallsts appreciate though in terrible trouble, is planning to dismayed by the unemployment and capital­ this fact. Eager to see demand reduced (be­ spend $500 mlllion on construction this year. spending consequences of a $21-billion cut­ cause the need for new nuclear and coal· Virginia Electric & Power, which sold stock in back in construction. In most recessions, the fired plants would then also be reduced), October at a calamitous 50 percent of book utilities• capital spending has been of great they argue that electricity should be priced value, has a 1975 construction budget of al­ support to the economy; this year the sup­ at its true cost. They have no affection for most as much. All over the country similar port will be reduced. public power's rates. scripts are being followed. All over the coun­ In January, in the President's State of the Nevertheless, many people fear that the try, therefore, utility stockholders are, in ef­ Union message, the Administration put for­ next few years will bring heavy agitation for tect, subsidizing electricity users. Why are ward a detailed plan to help the utilities. government takeovers. Said a Midwest com­ the companies letting this happen to their The most significant part of this plan pro­ missioner recently: "I think at some point stockholders? Why do they not simply draw poses federal laws that would require the public may just say, 'No, I will no longer the line, re.fuse to sell stock at these prices, regulators to speed up their processing of rate allow anyone to make a profit on this.' " and stop bullding altogether? cases and to liberalize their rate-making pol­ No doubt the biggest impediment to gov­ Utlllty men register horror at the very icies. Congress may resist the legislation as ernment takeover would be money. Consider­ thought, citing their legal obllgation to serve. inflationary, and state regulators may resist ing all the dollars that are sunk in ut1lity But the regulating commissions also have a interference !rom Washington. On the other plants today, a state or municipality could legal obllgation, as a key Supreme Court deci­ hand, some regulators might like to see the not easily afford a takeover, nor go on with sion puts it, to permit "rates which enable feds take over the role of the bad guys. ease to raise the construction money the pri­ the company to operate successfully, to main­ Some regulators, in fact, would like to see the federal government do more than it has vate companies are now lacking. Imagine tain its financial integrity, to attract capital, New York City taking over Con Ed? Too ri­ and to compensate its investors for the risks proposed. There are all sorts of proposals diculous to discuss. But how about Michigan assumed." All this, furthermore, to be deter­ around today to ease the utllities' financial problem-perhaps through direct government and its two crippled companies, Consumers mined by the acid test of the competitive Power and Detroit Edison? With $5 billion marketplace. Obviously, the regulators are lending, or an RFC-type operation, or credit­ allocation programs. of debt and equity capital in those two com­ not llving up to their end of the bargain. panies, that sounds rather farfetched, too. Aren't the utllities therefore relleved of their One proposal that has received particular I! government takeover does not sound obligation also? attention comes from William G. Rosenberg, like the answer, neither does government But, say the utmty men, if we fall to serve, chairman of the Michigan commission and help seem like the full solution, though it we will be taken over by the city, or the state, a Republican. He advocates federally guar­ may be needed, nor rate increases, which or somebody. So what? the answer goes. The anteed bonds and federal purchases of pre­ certainly are needed. What the utllities need courts have held that governments taking ferred stock, both of which he considers ab­ most is a respite from inflation. We have over properties must pay "just compensation" solutely essential if the ut111ties, especially long known an end to inflation is essential for them. In the case of the utilities, would the industry's real cripples, are to find it pos­ sible to raise money for construction. to the country's well-being, and now that that not be at least book value, or even re­ lesson is being relearned in a very specific placement value, which would be still high­ Most utilities seem to be skittish about fed­ way. er? Would not the stockholders then be eral aid of any kind, and it is indeed not par­ better off than they are, now? ticularly appealing to think of the govern­ ment taking on one more responsibility. THE CUSTOMER COMES FmST Nevertheless, there is some logic to govern­ AGGIE WAR HYMN The utlllty executives really have no ment help. If freezing the country from de­ answers to these questions. It is pretty clear pendence on imported oil is a national goal, that they do not spend a whole lot of time then the government just may have to help HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE worrying about such matters. Says Charles A. the utilities do their part in bringing it OF TEXAS Benore, a utillty analyst with Mitchell, about. It is probably not realistic to believe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hutchins Inc.: "I see the utilities as having that fifty separate states, all looking upon a triangular responsibility-to their cus­ utility rates as a hot potato, are going to Saturday, March 22, 1975 tomers, their employees, and their stock­ keep their thoughts fixed firmly on that na­ Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, a recent holders. I'd guess they kind of answer to tional goal. article in the San Antonio Express News the customer first." That will no doubt LIKE A LOSS OF VmGINITY strike many customers as hilarious. Never­ tells us about an individual that I have There is also the possibility that some util­ admired for a long time. This man, J. V. theless, all that has been going on suggests ities may have, insofar as their own credit is it's true. "Pinky" Wilson, is the author of my concerned, indefinitely lost access to the cap­ alma mater's fight song, the "Aggie War Many utility executives, it should be said ital markets, and so government help may be 1n their behalf, are encouraged to be patient their only way out. "Ut11ity investment repu­ Hymn." today out o! the belief that regulators are tations," says that investor who talks about All of us are affected during our moving in their direction. There is something the canaries, "are like virginity; they can be younger years by our immediate environ­ to that. Rate decisions have lately become preserved but not restored." If he is right, ment. Many of us during those years de­ more generous, and more timely. But infla­ then how are the Con Eds and Georgia Pow­ tion and that problem called "regulatory lag" velop a tremendous devotion of our alma ers of the world ever to get back investor mater. Those people that call themselves are together stlll a tremendous burden, often confidence? Con Ed has already received gov­ making it impossible for a utility to earn ernment help, in its case from the New York "Aggies" have all been influenced by what a commission actually allows it. State Power Authority, which is purchasing Pinky Wilson whether they have ever Some utility executives have also been two of the company's plants. It is relevant met him or not. I believe the following encouraged by the downward movement of to recall the experience of utilities in Europe, article will give everyone who reads it interest rates. The trend will reduce costs which are today mostly nationalized. Their an insight to one school's spirit. The and may, in addition, cut the rate of return move into government hands, occurring article follows: that investors require on utility common mainly after World War I, came about be­ stocks. No doubt some of the January [From the San Antonio Express-News, Mar. cause they could not themselves raise capital. 1, 1975] strength in these stocks reflected what was Peter A. Bradford, chairman of the Maine happening to interest rates. But long-term commission and formerly a lawyer in Ralph "AGGIE WAR HYMN" Is GREATEST o:r ALL bond rates are stlll at very high levels, espe­ Nader's organization, argues that once you (By George Carmack) cially for those utlllties Judged to be the get as far as federally guaranteed bonds or The words at the right start what friend shakiest. The market has been drawing large anything similar. you might just as well go or foe will agree is the greatest "fight" song distinctions about "quality" for some time all the way to public ownership. The pros­ ever written. now, and it does not seem ready to stop. pect does not sit well with conservatives, of Of course it is "The Aggie War Hymn.'' March 22, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8355 And no one ever sat in a football stadium­ could write down the notes of anything he How did The Aggie War Hymm catch on when the Texas Aggies had their back to the heard or composed-"by my own system of at A&M-and start on its road to immor­ wall-and the matchless Aggie Band started musical shorthand." tality? pouring out its notes 1n the ultimate 1n Wherever Wilson went-from boyhood After having his A&M career interrupted rhythm-and the Cadets began that arms­ on-he had been organizing quartets. He by the· war and more than eight months in around-the-shoulder weaving in row after himself could sing any one of the four the Army of occupation, Wilson returned row in the stands- parts. to A&M in 1920. Once caught up in it-who could ever "During the Champagne battle, it had QUARTET AGAIN forget it? been running through my mind that I want­ As always, Wilson immediately organized Win-lose-or draw-when The Aggie War ed to write a song for a quartet that would a quartet-more than one, in fact, so one Hymn is played, you know the Texas Aggies be a fight song for A&M," Wilson said. would always be available. are forever. "Then we went into the Argonne trenches "Then, as now, many groups from over And whether you went to Texas A&M or and over a period of several days, I wrote it. the state met at A&M," Wilson said. "The not--I didn't and Bonnie went to Texas-it "I started with the words. There has been sponsors always wanted entertainment. brings a tear to your eye-your spine a lot of talk about the meaning of the words "Soon our quartets became very popular. stiffens-and your hackles start to rise. at the start-'Hullabaloo, Caneck! Caneck! And one number always brought down the It 1s not much of an exaggeration to say "Those were the words of an A&M yell house-The Aggie War Hymm. Its popularity that 1n a tense moment-the A&M Band written in 1907. as a quartet number led the band to decide playing the War Hymn would make Casper "A quartet needs a sort of tune-up to to play it. Milquetoast rise up and dare Jack Dempsey get off the ground as they start a song-I "Before the war, A&M had one of the to knock a chip off his shoulder. thought 'those old words would be perfect." greatest yell leaders of all time, Runt Hanson SPmiT Then Wilson-in a beautiful voice-start­ (Wrathall King Hanson, San Antonio, Class ed illustrating how he wrote the song­ It ennobles the spirit of any man who of 1916). singing a few notes for one part-changing "It was Runt who came up with the idea hears it. them a little-then fitting in another part-- · Bonnie and I have just come back from of having the Cadets come marching in and and another. And writing down the notes form that famed Texas Aggie "T". Burnet, where we interviewed the man who when he was satisfied. wrote The Aggie War Hymn. . "When the Cadet Corps marched in and Wilson used a pencil to write the War formed that 'T' in 1921 before the first foot­ He wrote both the words and the music. Hymn. James V. "Pinky" Wilson saw Bonnie and ball game, then came The Aggie War Hymm." It was not written on the back of an en­ me reluctantly. Since that fall of 1921-this fall will be velope as has sometimes been said-there 55-no football game has ever started with­ The reluctance was genuine. I had to con­ was too much of it for that. vince him that he owed it to Texas A&M­ out the band marching in and going into It was written on the back of the pages of formation as they play the War Hymm. And and no Aggie loves the school more-to tell a letter from home. the full story. they play it again as the Cadet Corps comes If any song was ever created under con­ ARMISTICE marching in around the field. ditions that would make it a "war" hymn, The Germans kept up their pounding Wilson-now 75 and a successful retired The Aggie War Hymn was. right up to the end of the war-the Armis­ Rancher-is a Texan "out of the old rock." His father rode a horse from Graham to VIOLENCE tice at 11 a.m. on Nov. 11, 1918. "Actually we did not know the war was Los Angeles. He was a cowboy helping handle The violence going on around the composer over," Wilson said. "Our officers warned us the 500 cattle that the wagon train took when it was created was dramatized by the to be doubly on the alert--this might be with them-partly through hostile Indian peaceful scene when we heard the story. some sort of German trick." country. We heard it in the big living room of the In time the German troops started pulling The family moved to Austin when "Pinky" Wilson home-just the four of us, Wilson, out and heading back across Belgium and Wilson was 11 and there Wilson's musical Mrs. Wilson, Bonnie and I. Through a big Luxembourg for Germany. Wilson's unit fol­ career actually began. picture window the grass was already turning lowed them. The U.S. units could march RECORD · to the green of spring. faster and the officers feared there might be All was quiet--we were not disturbed even Wilson is proud of his military record at trouble if the U.S. troops-who had seen so A&M-including a "best drilled cadet" medal. by a passing automobile. many of their buddies killed--caught up Most of The Aggie War Hymn was written He was a member of the Ross Volunteers. with the Germans. When the U.S. declared war In 1917, the in World War I in a trench 1n the Argonne So they had the Marines march two days Forest. Rain, cold, unbelievable mud and the entire Senior Class at A&M came to Leon · and then rest a day. Springs, near San Antonio, and were commis­ noise o! battle were everywhere. "On this march into Germany, everything Bitter fighting was going on night and day. sioned. The Junior Class went to Ft. Sheridan really came together and I put the little for their commissions. Wilson was in the front line trenches with finishing touches on The Aggie War Hymn," his 6th Marine Regiment. By choice, he be­ But Wilson and two classmates wanted Wilson said. to fight for their country as quickly as they came a buck private in the Marine Corps­ ORGANIZING turning down two commissions. By insistence could. They decided ._o enlist in the Marines. he remained a buck private in the Marine As he had been doing all his life. Wilson Wilson was a "peewee," weighing only 138 Corps throughout his military career. organized a quartet even while the Marines pounds and he really had to scrap to get Wilson joined his Marine outfit as a re­ were marching into Germany. in. But finally they sent him to Parris Island, placement just before the hard fighting in The first time The Aggie War Hymn was S.C. the Champagne area of France. ever performed was by that quartet-the sec­ He could have had an Army commission ond day they were inside Germany. and when the Marines learned of his military Then on Nov. 1, 1918, his outfit went into . Wilson was the only Aggie-and the only a key spot in the trenches of the Argonne. training at A&M, he was offered a Marine Texan-in that quartet. commission. It caused quite a stir when he For 11 days, the Germans poured every­ "There was a boy .from Memphis, Tennes­ thing they had at the Marines there-infan­ turned it down. see-another from Terre Haute, Indiana­ FRANCE try, artillery, machine gun fire and even an and another from Cedar Rapids, Iowa." occasional strafing airplane. Seven weeks after enlisting, he was headed ­ Soon Wilson's outfit was posted on the for France. The Germans knew the end was near and River Rhine. V"ilson and the other members they were making a last desperate drive to of the quartet were among the Marines liv­ A&M men have made a proud 1·ecord in try to turn the tide of war. ing in a house that once had been a summer every war. Four have won the Medal of Honor. It was the sort of fighting that after al­ palace for Kaiser Wilhelm. The Rhine was They have risen to general in the Army, most 60 years tears emotionally at any man right outside their window. the Marines and the Air Force. who went through it. But no Aggie has added more to the A&M But there were also little vignettes. PEACEFUL tradition than this buck private in the "We had a bugler who was a salty char­ There The Aggie War Hymn was sung Marines who wrote The Aggie War Hymn. acter," Wilson said. "Once when a German under peacefully idyllic circumstances. It has been played around the world. It plane came at us flying low, he jumped out, "My friends and I would get a boat and once woke up Astronauts Cernan and Schmitt pointed his .45 into the air, shouting and go drifting down the Rhine--often singing," when they slept on the moon. firing. Wilson said. "And our favorite was The Ag­ But it also is heard pretty often at the "Just then an anti-aircraft shell hit the gie War Hymn." Wilson home in Burnet. plane full on. The plane exploded. There was a tragic circumstance connected A fine deep-toned version comes from the • "I got ltl I got it!' the bugler shouted­ with this. hi-fl. Pick up a beer mug and hear it. A and you couldn't convince him to this day "It simply never occurred to me that this cigarette lighter gives a delicate rendition. that he didn't bring the plane down. song would ever be what it became," Wilson But Bonnie and I were most moved when said. "And since I knew every note perfectly, Mrs. Wilson, offering us a cup of coffee, OWN SYSTEM I made no etrort to keep the letter on which plugged in the percolator. Here it came in From smallest boyhood Wilson and a I had written it." such appealing notes- brother had been able to play "any musical What a tragedy this was fc;>r the A&M "Hullabaloo, Caneck I Caneck I instrument that had a scale." And Wilson archives! Hullabaloo, Caneck! Caneck! . • ."