Das Ballett Mayerling in Der Fassung Der Wiener Staatsoper

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DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Das Ballett „Mayerling“ in der Fassung der Wiener Staatsoper – Eine Betrachtung der männlichen Rolle im klassisch akademischen Tanz Verfasser Christian Mannl angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. A 317 Studienblatt: Studienrichtung lt. Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Studienblatt: Betreuerin / Betreuer: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Monika Meister 1 Das Ballett „Mayerling“ in der Fassung der Wiener Staatsoper – Eine Betrachtung der männlichen Rolle im klassisch akademischen Tanz Inhalt 1. EINLEITUNG ................................................................................................................... 4 2. „MAYERLING“ - Ballett in drei Akten ................................................................................ 7 2.1. Inhalt ............................................................................................................................. 7 2. 2. Personen ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1. Kronprinz Rudolf (1858 – 1889) ............................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Baronesse Mary Vetsera (1871 – 1889) .................................................................. 12 2.2.3. Kaiser Franz Joseph I. (1830 – 1916) ...................................................................... 15 2.2.4. Kaiserin Elisabeth (1837 – 1898) ............................................................................. 16 2.2.5. Kronprinzessin Stephanie (1864 – 1945) ................................................................. 18 2.2.6. Marie Gräfin Larisch (1858 – 1940) ......................................................................... 20 2.2.7. Josef Bratfisch (1847 – 1892) .................................................................................. 22 2.2.8. Mizzi Caspar (1864 – 1907) ..................................................................................... 22 2.2.9. George William „Bay“ Middleton (1846 – 1892) ....................................................... 24 2.2.10. Katharina Schratt (1853 – 1940) ............................................................................ 24 2.2.11. Baronin Helene Vetsera (1847 – 1925) .................................................................. 25 2.2.12. Eduard Graf Taaffe (1833 – 1895) ......................................................................... 26 2.2.13. Erzherzogin Sophie (1805 – 1872) ........................................................................ 26 2.2.14. Josef Graf Hoyos (1839 – 1899) ............................................................................ 26 2.2.15. Prinzessin Louise von Coburg-Sachsen-Gotha (1858 –1924) ............................... 27 2.2.16. Prinz Philipp von Coburg-Sachsen-Gotha (1844 – 1921) ...................................... 27 2.2.17. Erzherzogin Gisela (1856 – 1932) ......................................................................... 27 2.2.18. Erzherzogin Marie Valerie (1868 – 1924) ............................................................... 27 2.2.19. Johann Loschek (1845 – 1932) ............................................................................. 28 2.2.20. Georg Graf Larisch-Moennich (1855 – 1928) ........................................................ 28 2.3. Musik: John Lanchbery (Franz Liszt) .......................................................................... 29 2.4. Libretto: Gillian Freeman ............................................................................................. 34 2.5. Bühnenbild und Kostüme: Nicholas Georgiadis .......................................................... 36 3. MYTHOS MAYERLING .................................................................................................. 40 3.1. Chronologie der Ereignisse (26. Jänner bis 5. Februar 1889) .................................... 40 3.2. Mayerling und andere Mythen .................................................................................... 44 2 3.3. Des Rätsels Lösung? – Gerüchte von Zita bis Mussolini ............................................ 45 4. KENNETH MACMILLAN ................................................................................................ 47 4.1. Der Tänzer .................................................................................................................. 47 4.2. Der Choreograf und das Royal Ballet: ........................................................................ 51 4.3. Der Choreograf und „Mayerling“ ................................................................................. 52 5. BALLETT IN ÖSTERREICH .......................................................................................... 56 5.1. Ein Einblick in die Entstehung des Handlungsballetts ................................................. 57 5.2. Wien und Franz Hilverding .......................................................................................... 59 5.3. Ballett als kulturelle Institution in Wien ........................................................................ 62 6. DIE MÄNNLICHE ROLLE IM BALLETT ......................................................................... 64 6.1. KÖNIG LUDWIG XIV. (1638 – 1715): Ein König tanzt! ............................................... 67 6.2. AUGUST BOURNONVILLE (1805 – 1879): Die Aufwertung der männlichen Rolle .... 72 6.3. WASLAW NIJINSKI (1889 – 1950): Der Beginn des modernen Balletts ..................... 76 6.4. MAURICE BEJART (1927 – 2007): Die „Erfindung“ des Männer-Pas de Deuxs ........ 81 6.5. HANS VAN MANEN (1932): Die Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter im Tanz ........ 84 6.6. RUDOLF NUREJEW (1938 – 1992): Der Superstar des Männertanzes ..................... 87 7. DAS ECHO DER KRITIK ............................................................................................... 93 8. SCHLUSSBEMERKUNG ............................................................................................... 95 9. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS ........................................................................................... 97 10. ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS .................................................................................... 102 11. ANHANG .................................................................................................................... 103 11.1. Kritik von Norber A. Weinberger: WIENER STAATSOPER: „Mayerling“ endlich in Wien = back to the roots! ......................................................................................................... 103 11.2. Kritik von Norbert A. Weinberger: WIENER STAATSOPER: “MAYERLING” (Ballett) – B-Premiere ....................................................................................................................... 109 11.3. Kritik von Edith Wolf Perez: Vertrackter Mayerling .................................................. 111 11.4. Kritik von Julia Bührle: „Mayerling“ .......................................................................... 113 11.5. „Mayerling“ - Musikalische Quellen ......................................................................... 115 11.6. Besetzung (2008) .................................................................................................... 118 12. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 119 13. CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................................ 120 3 1. EINLEITUNG Im Jahre 2008 wäre Kronprinz Rudolf von Österreich 150 Jahre alt geworden. Aus diesem Anlass und vielen vorangegangen Bemühungen, das Stück nach Wien zu holen, brachte der aus Ungarn kommende Ballettdirektor Gyula Harangozó das Ballettdrama „Mayerling“ auf die Bühne der Wiener Staatsoper. Das Stück des Choreografen Kenneth MacMillan wurde 1978 in London uraufgeführt. In den Kritiken wird dieses als eine der gelungensten Ballettadaptionen eines historischen Stoffes genannt und gilt als Meisterwerk des berühmten Choreografen. Die Handlung des Stücks bezieht sich auf die letzten Jahre vor Rudolfs Tod in Mayerling – die Zeitspanne konzentriert sich auf die Ereignisse in Wien, beginnend mit der Heirat von Rudolf und der belgischen Prinzessin Stephanie, bis zum Doppelselbstmord mit Mary Vetsera im Jagdschloss von Mayerling. Für die dem Ballett zugrundeliegende Partitur wurden Kompositionen von Franz Liszt verwendet, das Libretto stammt von Gillian Freeman und die Ausstattung kreierte Nicholas Georgiadis.1 Dieses Ballett, das in Wien zum ersten Mal aufgeführt wurde, bietet einen Boden für eine Auseinandersetzung mit vielfältigen Themen: Neben der Abbildung 1: I. Tsymbal (Mary), R. Tewsley (Rudolf) Choreografie ist die Musik von Franz Liszt in der Orchestrierung und Arrangierung von John Lanchbery Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Die Musik zeigt hier eindrucksvoll ihre Bedeutung und verleiht dem Theaterabend erst melodramatische Intensität. Nicholas Georgiadis schuf ein opulentes Bühnenbild und üppige Kostüme, die ebenfalls eine Betrachtung wert sind. Der britische Kenneth MacMillan ist einer der renommiertesten Choreografen von Handlungs-Balletten des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er konnte die komplexen, menschlichen Beziehungsstrukturen wie 1 Vgl. http://www.dasballett.at, am 30.3.2010 4 kaum ein anderer in seine Tanzsprache einfließen lassen. Die “Handschrift” von MacMillans fast akrobatischen Pas de Deuxs stellen ein
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  • Narrative Aspects of Kenneth Macmillan's Ballet the Invitation

    Narrative Aspects of Kenneth Macmillan's Ballet the Invitation

    DOCTORAL THESIS Narrative Aspects of Kenneth MacMillan’s Ballet The Invitation de Lucas Olmos, Maria Cristina Award date: 2017 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 Narrative Aspects of Kenneth MacMillan’s Ballet The Invitation by Cristina de Lucas BA Law, BA English and Literature, MA Ballet Studies A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of Dance University of Roehampton 2016 To my father and to the memory of my mother, with love. ABSTRACT: The British choreographer Kenneth MacMillan (1929-1992) has a prominent place in the narrative tradition of the Royal Ballet. As a major storyteller in the history of the company, his ballets with intense, dramatic stories are an important part of the dance heritage of British ballet. This thesis focuses on one of MacMillan’s first narrative achievements, the one-act ballet The Invitation (1960), and studies the main thematic concerns and stylistic strategies that it deploys.