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Biology 453 LAB PRACTICAL 1, WINTER 2014 Biology 453 LAB PRACTICAL 1, WINTER 2014 Slide 1 (35mm slides) Slide of frog neurulation with visible neural plate 1. Identify the stage of development pictured in this slide. (Neurulation) Slide 2 (35 mm slide) Slide with chick development? 2. Identify the structure that is directly posterior to this (point to neural groove, but don’t say it). (Hensen’s Node) Slide 3 (35 mm slide) Sagittal section frog embryo during gastrulation. Visible Archenteron and blastocoel 3. Identify the structure at the pointer. (Archenteron) Slide 4 (35 mm slide) 35 mm slide of frog In early cleavage – sectional view 4. What term describes this cleavage pattern: holoblastic or meroblastic? (Holoblastic) Slide 5 (35 mm slide) Transverse section, late neurulation of chick (pointer on neural tube). 5. Identify the germ layer origin of the structure lateral to the arrow. Be specific. Epimere/Paraxial mesoderm (mesoderm ½) 6. Identify the structure at the arrow. (DHNC) 7. Identify the germ layer that surrounds this space (point to coelom). Be specific. (Lateral Plate Mesoderm) mesoderm ½ Slide 6 (35 mm slide) Whole mount of frog gastrulation point to dorsal lip 8. Identify this structure (dorsal lip) Station 1 Microscope A. Slide of Amphioxus in transverse section through pharynx with visible ovaries. Pointer at ovaries. Microscope B. Whole Mount Slide of Lamprey. Pointer at subpharyngeal gland. 9. Is specimen A amphioxus or lamprey. (amphioxus) 10. In specimen A, identify the structure at the pointer. (ovaries) 11. What type of cross-section is specimen A? (transverse) 12. In specimen B, identify the structure at the pointer (subpharyngeal gland) Station 2 Microscope A. Whole mount of lamprey (avoid subpharyngeal gland; pointer on heart). Microscope B. Transverse section of amphioxus (pointer on endostyle). 13. How many shared derived chordate traits are visible in microscope A? 2 14. Identify the structure posterior to the pointer in microscope A. Liver 15. In specimen B, identify the (adult) vertebrate homolog of the structure at the pointer. Thyroid gland 16. Specimen B belongs to which of the following clades: Vertebrata, Chordata, Gnathostomata, or Amniota? Chordata Station 3 Microscope A. Frog skin microscope slide. Pointer on mucous gland Microscope B: 48 hr. Whole View Chick Embryo. Pointer on Otic capsule. 17. The unique features in Specimen A indicate that it is member of which narrowly defined clade? Lissamphibia 18. In specimen A, identify the structure at the pointer. (mucous gland or multicellular mucous gland) 19. In specimen B, identify the structure at the pointer. (Otic capsule) Station 4 A. Antler (without velvet) B. Pronghorn C. Antelope horns without skull W. Gar in a jar X. Preserved Shark in Jar Y. Teleost in Jar Z. Hagfish 20. Identify the specimen(s) A-C, which is/are shed yearly? (A, B) 21. Identify the specimen(s) A-C that contain bone when present on a living animal. (B, C) 22. In specimen W, identify the scale type. (ganoid) 23. List the specimen(s) W-Z whose skin /scales contain a dentine layer: (X) Station 5 Microscope X. Slide of snake skin (arrow pointed at chromatophores) A. BIrd claws B. Beaver skin C. snake skin shed E. Cycloid scales (whole) 24. Identify the germ layer origin of the structure at the arrow in X. (neural crest) 25. Identify the tissue type that is deep to the structure indicated by the arrow in X. (loose connective tissue) 26. List the letter(s) A-E that is/are in the same taxonomic group as X. (C) Station 6 A) Down feather B) Flightless feather C) Contour feather D) filoplume under microscope X) Pigeon 27. List the letter(s) A-D of the structure(s) that has hooks. 28. Identify 1 function of specimen D. display/attraction, tactile feedback 29. In specimen X, Identify the structure indicated at the pin. Uropygial gland Station 7 Microscope A. Transverse section of Bird Skin (Pointer at developing feather barbs) Microscope B. Transverse section of Mammal Skin (Pointer at sudoriferous eccrine gland) 30. In specimen A, identify the germ layer that forms the structure at the arrow. (ectoderm) 31. In specimen A, identify the structure that is directly below the arrow. (dermal papilla) 32. In specimen B, identify what is the secretion method of the gland at the pointer. (eccrine or merocrine) 33. In specimen B, identify the tissue type deep to the gland at the pointer. (adipose tissue) Station 8 A. Armadillo with a pointer at the osteoderm (1) B. Whole toad with tubercles (2) & parotid gland (3) 34. In specimen A, which tissue layer does structure 1 develop from: dermis, epidermis, or hypodermis? (dermis) 35. In specimen B, identify the structure labeled 2. (tubercles) 36. In specimen B, identify the structure labeled 3. (poison gland) Station 9 Microscope A. mammal slide with arrow at sebaceous gland Microscope B. Teleost slide 37. In specimen A, identify the structure at the arrow. (sebaceous gland) 38. In specimen A, identify the clade that best describes the group with this type of skin. (Mammalia or mammal(s)) 39. In specimen B, identify the type of scale at the pointer. (elasmoid) 40. In specimen B, list one function of the glands seen in the specimen. (lubrication/reduce friction/drag in water, anti-microbial, osmotic balance, other – alarm substances???) Station 10 A. Alligator skull: Foramen Magnum (X), exoccipital (1) B. Human Skull, ventral view: basioccipital (2), temporal (3) C. Bowfin skull: opercular (4), exoccipital (5) 41. List the bone(s) (1-5) that is/are derived from dermatocranium. 3, 4 42. What structure runs through structure X? Spinal cord 43. What is the skull design of specimen B? Synapsid Station 11 A. Alligator skull: (1) Premaxilla (2) Pterygoid B. Lizard skull: (3) Maxilla C. Python skull: Quadrate (4) D. Sea Turtle skull: Supraoccipital (5), Articular (6) 44. What is the name of the most narrowly defined clade that includes specimens A-D? Diapsid/Diapsida 45. Identify the bone labeled 2 in specimen A. Pterygoid 46. List the number(s) (1-6) of bone(s) that is/are derived from splanchnocranium. 4, 6 Station 12 A. Shark neurocranium: Meckel's Cartilage (1), Palatoquadrate (2) B. Teleost skull (Perch): Hyomandibula (3), Angular/Articular (4), Hyoid Arch (5) C. Alligator skull: Quadrate (6), Palatine (7), Posterior nares (X) 47. What is the structure labeled 1 in specimen A? Meckel’s cartilage 48. List the number(s) (3-7) in specimens B & C that is/are homologous to the structure 2 in specimen A. 6 49. List the number(s) (3-7) that represent elements of the jaw hinge in specimens B-C. 4, 6 50. What is the structure labeled X in specimen C? Posterior/Internal nares Station 13 A. Human Skull: Palatine (1), Occipital condyle (2) B. Cat Skull: Tympanic Bulla (3), maxilla (4), dentary (5) C. Sea turtle Skull: D. Rattlesnake skull: E. Tuatara skull: 51. List the letter(s) of the specimen(s) (A-E) that is/are example(s) of a modified diapsid skull design. C, D 52. List the letter(s) of the specimen(s) (A-E) that is/are kinetic. D 53. List the number(s) of the structure(s) (1-5) that is/are shared derived trait(s) of the Clade Mammalia. 3 Station 14 A. Shark wax neurocranium & splanchnocranium: (1) Gill arches B. Bisected cat skull: Turbinates (2) C. Python Skull: Columella (3), Maxilla (4) 54. List 1 homolog found in a cat, of structure 1 from specimen A. Hyobranchial arch, larynx or Tracheal cartilages 55. What is the evolutionary origin (neurocranium, splanchnocranium, or dermatocranium) of structure 2 in specimen B? Neurocranium 56. The bone labeled 3 in specimen C serves what function? Transmission/amplification of sound/ Hearing 57. What bone is anterior to the bone labeled 4 in specimen C? Premaxilla Station 15 A. Alligator Skull: 1) Jugal 2) maxilla B. Rockfish skull: 3) quadrate 4) premaxilla C. Perch skull: 5) opercular bone D. Human skull: 6) Palatine, 7) jugal/zygomatic, 58. List the letter(s) of the following bones (1-7) that is/are involved in cranial kinesis for that specimen? 3, 4, 5 59. List the letter(s) of the following skulls (A-D) that have a secondary bony palate. A, D 60. List the structures (1-7) that comprise part of a zygomatic arch. 7 Station 16 A. Bowfin skull: 1) Hyomandibula, 2) preopercular B. Rockfish skull: 3) Maxilla, 4) hyoid arch, 5) dentary C. wax shark neruocranium: 6) occipital area 7) Otic capsule, 8) orbital capsule, 9) olfactory capsule, 61. What is the name of the bone labeled 2 in specimen A? preopercular 62. List the number(s) (1-5) of the endochondral bone(s) (1-5) in A & B. 1, 4 63. List the number(s) of the features 6-9 in Specimen D that pertain to the otic region. 7 Station 17 A. Sea turtle lower jaw: (1) articular B. Teleost (perch) skull: (2) premaxilla C. Cat lower jaw: condyloid process (3) D. Python lower jaw: (4) compound bone, (5) dentary, 64. List the letter(s) of the specimen(s) (A-D) that belong to the clade Synapsida. C 65. Name the mammalian homolog to the structure labeled 2 in specimen B. premaxilla 66. Identify the structure labeled (4) on specimen D. compound bone 67. List the number(s) of the bones (1-5) that is/are derived exclusively from dermatocranium. 2, 3, 5 Station 18 A. Marsupial lower jaw: angular process (1), coronoid process (2) B. Alligator lower jaw: articular (3) C. Snapping turtle lower jaw: posterior dentary (4) D. Human (or cat) ear ossicles: incus (5), malleus (6), stapes (7) 68. List the numbers of the structures/bones labeled (1-7) that are homologous to one another.
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