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Literature Review of Brevibacillus Laterosporus and Related Species Anna K

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Literature Review of Brevibacillus Laterosporus and Related Species Anna K AJHM Volume 4 Issue 1 (Jan-March 2020) ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Literature Review of Brevibacillus Laterosporus and Related Species Anna K. Curtis1, Christian C. Lamb2, Wail M. Hassan3, Paul M. Jost4, John W. Foxworth5 1 School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108 2 Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas 78234 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences – University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108 4 Department of Medicine – Division of Infectious Disease, Saint Luke’s Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64111 5 Department of Medicine – Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City MO 64108 Corresponding author: Anna Curtis, [email protected]. Winner at ACP MO Chapter 2019 (not peer-reviewed or edited by this Journal) Am J Hosp Med 2020 Jan;4(1):2020.010 https://doi.org/10.24150/ajhm/2020.010 INTRODUCTION Due to the rarity of the organism, no established breakpoints were found Brevibacillus laterosporus is a gram-positive following extensive literature review. aerobic bacillus that is rarely associated with Clinicians reviewed case reports of prior human infection. A review of multiple online human infections by B. laterosporus to guide databases revealed fewer than ten total antibiotic therapy. Based on a review of the reports of infection by this genus of bacteria. limited literature regarding this organism, Historically, this “canoe-shaped” microbe gentamicin was used. Repeat blood cultures has been characterized as a pathogen in were negative for growth. Interventional invertebrates and information regarding radiology removed the tunneled central human infection is scarce. venous catheter and subsequent culture of the catheter tip yielded no growth. The patient CASE improved and remained asymptomatic until discharge. She is doing well with no recurrent We present the first reported clinical vignette B. laterosporus infections 12 months since of B. laterosporus bacteremia in an adult discharge. human subject. A 35-year-old black female with a medical history of atypical hemolytic DISCUSSION uremic syndrome (aHUS) on chronic hemodialysis was brought to the emergency Two published case reports of human department (ED) following her routine infection by B. laterosporus were found. Due eculizumab infusion. During her infusion, to the paucity of literature regarding this she reported experiencing vomiting and bacterium, cases of infection by rigors. At presentation to the ED, she was Brevibacillus agri and Brevibacillus brevis hypertensive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and were also reviewed. febrile. Laboratory studies were significant for a procalcitonin of 1.89 µg/L. Blood A case of B. laterosporus bacteremia cultures from her tunneled central venous in a pediatric patient was successfully treated catheter and from the periphery were with intravenous gentamicin. This patient obtained and grew B. laterosporus. had a triple lumen central venous catheter. Additionally, a case of B. laterosporus Author et al. www.ajhm.org 1 AJHM Volume 4 Issue 1 (Jan-March 2020) ABSTRACT endophthalmitis after penetrating orbital associated hyperglycaemia in medical ICU trauma was reviewed. This individual was patients and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes. Crit Care. 2010;14(4):R130. treated with intravenous gentamicin, 4. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You however enucleation of the eye was X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: ultimately required. Gentamicin has poor An Independent Marker of In-Hospital penetration into the vitreous humor. A single Mortality in Patients with Undiagnosed case of B. brevis spontaneous bacterial Diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. peritonitis was reviewed. A patient with 2002;87(3):978-982. cirrhosis underwent paracentesis and culture 5. Mackey PA, Boyle ME, Walo PM, Castro JC, of the ascitic fluid revealed B. brevis growth. Cheng MR, Cook CB. Care directed by a The patient was discharged on ciprofloxacin specialty-trained nurse practioner or by mouth. She returned the following week physician assistant can overcome clinical inertia in management of inpatient diabetes. and repeat cultures of ascitic fluid collected Endocrine practice : official journal of the during repeat paracentesis again grew B. American College of Endocrinology and the brevis. She was ultimately successfully American Association of Clinical treated with ceftriaxone and vancomycin. B. Endocrinologists. 2014;20(2):112-119. agri was found to cause pyelonephritis in a 6. Levetan CS, Salas JR, Wilets IF, Zumoff B. Impact of endocrine and diabetes team young female with diabetes mellitus. consultation on hospital length of stay for Antibiotic selection was not included in this patients with diabetes. The American journal case report. of medicine. 1995;99(1):22-28. 7. Healy SJ, Black D, Harris C, Lorenz A, Dungan KM. Inpatient diabetes education is This literature review revealed that associated with less frequent hospital Brevibacillus species appear to be readmission among patients with poor opportunistic pathogens in glycemic control. Diabetes care. immunocompromised individuals and/or 2013;36(10):2960-2967. those who possess a central venous catheter. 8. Wei NJ, Grant RW, Nathan DM, Wexler DJ. Effect of hospital admission on glycemic Given that no established break points have control 1 year after discharge. Endocrine been reported in the literature, it is difficult to practice : official journal of the American interpret sensitivity data. Consultation with College of Endocrinology and the American an Infectious Disease expert is likely Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. warranted in all cases of Brevibacillus 2012;18(4):456-463. 9. Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, et al. Using infection. standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study References equation for estimating glomerular filtration 1. National Diabetes Statistics Report. Center of rate. Annals of internal medicine. Disease Control and Prevention. 2006;145(4):247-254. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/stati 10. McCoy RG, Van Houten HK, Ziegenfuss JY, stics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf. Shah ND, Wermers RA, Smith SA. Self- Published 2017. Accessed September 12th, report of hypoglycemia and health-related 2017. quality of life in patients with type 1 and type 2. Donnan PT, Leese GP, Morris AD. 2 diabetes. Endocrine practice : official Hospitalizations for people with type 1 and journal of the American College of type 2 diabetes compared with the Endocrinology and the American Association nondiabetic population of Tayside, Scotland: of Clinical Endocrinologists. a retrospective cohort study of resource use. 2013;19(5):792-799. Diabetes care. 2000;23(12):1774-1779. 11. Cox DJ, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, 3. Gornik I, Vujaklija-Brajkovic A, Renar IP, Nowacek G, Butterfield J. Fear of Gasparovic V. A prospective observational hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, study of the relationship of critical illness Author et al. www.ajhm.org 2 AJHM Volume 4 Issue 1 (Jan-March 2020) ABSTRACT and utilization. Diabetes care. patients hospitalized with congestive heart 1987;10(5):617-621. failure during implementation of hospital- 12. Van Der Ven NC, Weinger K, Yi J, et al. The wide initiatives. Endocrine practice : official confidence in diabetes self-care scale: journal of the American College of psychometric properties of a new measure of Endocrinology and the American Association diabetes-specific self-efficacy in Dutch and of Clinical Endocrinologists. US patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2010;16(6):945-951. care. 2003;26(3):713-718. 20. Gardiner FW, Nwose EU, Bwititi PT, 13. EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement Crockett J, Wang L. Does a hospital diabetes of health-related quality of life. Health policy inpatient service reduce blood glucose and (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 1990;16(3):199- HbA1c levels? A prospective cohort study. 208. Annals of medicine and surgery (2012). 14. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe 2018;26:15-18. B. A brief measure for assessing generalized 21. Marrett E, Radican L, Davies MJ, Zhang Q. anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Assessment of severity and frequency of self- internal medicine. 2006;166(10):1092-1097. reported hypoglycemia on quality of life in 15. Garg R, Schuman B, Bader A, et al. Effect of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral Preoperative Diabetes Management on antihyperglycemic agents: A survey study. Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes BMC research notes. 2011;4:251. After Elective Surgery. Annals of Surgery. 22. Anderbro T, Gonder-Frederick L, Bolinder J, 2018;267(5):858-862. et al. Fear of hypoglycemia: relationship to 16. Wang YJ, Seggelke S, Hawkins RM, et al. hypoglycemic risk and psychological factors. IMPACT OF GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT Acta diabetologica. 2015;52(3):581-589. TEAM ON OUTCOMES OF 23. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D, Edelman HOSPITALIZARON IN PATIENTS WITH SV. Identifying the worries and concerns TYPE 2 DIABETES ADMITTED TO THE about hypoglycemia in adults with type 2 MEDICAL SERVICE. Endocrine Practice. diabetes. Journal of diabetes and its 2016;22(12):1401-1405. complications. 2015;29(8):1171-1176. 17. Bansal V, Mottalib A, Pawar TK, et al. 24. Minimizing Hypoglycemia in Diabetes. Inpatient diabetes management by Diabetes care. 2015;38(8):1583-1591. specialized diabetes team versus primary 25. White M, Garbez R, Carroll M, Brinker E, service team in non-critical care units: impact Howie-Esquivel J. Is "teach-back" associated on 30-day readmission rate and hospital cost. with knowledge retention and hospital BMJ open diabetes research & care. readmission in hospitalized heart failure 2018;6(1):e000460. patients? The Journal of cardiovascular 18. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In nursing. 2013;28(2):137-146. 2007. Diabetes care. 2008;31(3):596-615. 19. Dungan KM, Osei K, Nagaraja HN, Schuster DP, Binkley P. Relationship between glycemic control and readmission rates in Author et al. www.ajhm.org 3 .
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