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Passaggi Di Stato Corso di Dottorato di ricerca in Italianistica ciclo xxxii Tesi di Ricerca Passaggi di Stato Traduzione e ricezione dell’opera di Primo Levi negli Stati Uniti SSD: L-FIL-LET/14 Coordinatore del Dottorato ch. prof. Tiziano Zanato Supervisore ch. prof. Alessandro Cinquegrani Dottorando Francesca Pangallo Matricola 842559 INDICE INTRODUZIONE .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Parte Prima .................................................................................................................................................. 11 CAPITOLO PRIMO ............................................................................................................................................ 12 1.1 RITRATTO D’AUTORE: PRIMO LEVI E LE SUE IDENTITÀ...................................................................................................... 12 1.2 RITRATTO DI PUBBLICO: IDENTITÀ CULTURALE E STORICA NEGLI STATI UNITI D’AMERICA ..................................... 20 1.2 A Social background nel SeCondo DopoGuerra...............................................................................................20 1.2 B Identità ebraica: perCezione della Guerra neGli USA prima e dopo il proCesso Eichmann (1961) ............................................................................................................................................................................31 1.3 UN PROBLEMA TERMINOLOGICO: LE IDENTITÀ DI PRIMO LEVI E IL LESSICO DELLA MEMORIA A CONFRONTO ....... 41 1.4 CHIMICO, SCRITTORE E TESTIMONE: AUTORITRATTO DI PRIMO LEVI ............................................................................. 52 1.4 B Un’antologia come autobiografia: Primo Levi «con la pancia aperta» ...........................................64 CAPITOLO SECONDO ....................................................................................................................................... 73 2.1 ESCLUSIONI ED INCLUSIONI: LETTERATURA E MEMORIA NELL’ITALIA DEL SECONDO DOPOGUERRA ...................... 73 2.2 SE QUESTO È UN UOMO: UNA STORIA A PARTE ..................................................................................................................... 89 2.2 A Storia di Se questo è un uomo: vicende anteCedenti la prima edizione italiana fino alla pubblicazione presso De Silva (1947) ...........................................................................................................90 2.2 B Storia di Se questo è un uomo: Gli anni del silenzio fino alla prima edizione Einaudi (1948 – 1958) ..........................................................................................................................................................................97 2.2 C Storia di Se questo è un uomo: la prima traduzione inglese e l’edizione Orion Press di If This Is a Man (1959)............................................................................................................................................ 105 2.2 D Storia di Se questo è un uomo: la ri-edizione del testo per Collier Books – da If This Is a Man (1959) a Survival in AusChwitz (1961)............................................................................................ 123 CAPITOLO TERZO ......................................................................................................................................... 135 3.1 LA TREGUA (1963) E IL SUCCESSO IN ITALIA ....................................................................................................................135 3.2 A Opere “puntiformi”: Le raccolte di racconti Storie naturali (1966), Vizio di forma (1971), Il sistema periodico (1975) e Lilít e altri raCConti (1981)..................................................................... 157 3.2 B I “quasi-romanzi” della maturità: La Chiave a stella (1978), Se non ora, quando? (1982) 164 3.2 C «Rush» poetiCo: L’osteria di Brema (1975) e Ad ora inCerta (1984) ........................................... 172 3.2 D Casi speCiali ed esClusioni: La riCerCa delle radici (1981) e l’appendice a Se questo è un uomo (1976). .......................................................................................................................................................... 177 CAPITOLO QUARTO ...................................................................................................................................... 182 1 4.1 UN’ORIGINE BILATERALE: QUALI DINAMICHE CONSIDERARE PER COMPRENDERE IL RITORNO DI LEVI OLTREOCEANO ..........................................................................................................................................................................182 4.1 A Il sucCesso internazionale: raGioni private o di contesto? ................................................................ 183 4.2 THE PERIODIC TABLE (1984): EFFETTI, GIUDIZI E CONSEGUENZE ..............................................................................192 4.3 PRIMO LEVI E LO STATUTO DI BEST-SELLER: DA IF NOT NOW, WHEN? (1985) AL VIAGGIO NEGLI USA ............202 4.3 A Il viaggio in America e la polemica su «Commentary»: ovvero il confronto dell’autore con la percezione delle proprie radici ebraiche all’estero (1985) ......................................................... 205 4.4 PUBBLICAZIONI SUCCESSIVE: MOMENTS OF REPRIEVE E THE MONKEY’S WRENCH .................................................215 4.4 A L’esordio delle short stories di Levi sul merCato statunitense: Moments of Reprieve (1986) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 215 4.4 B Un altro libro fuori daGli standard: The Monkey’s Wrench (1986) .............................................. 221 4.5 LE EDIZIONI AMERICANE IN RELAZIONE ALLE ULTIME PUBBLICAZIONI DI LEVI IN ITALIA (1986) ........................229 CAPITOLO QUINTO ....................................................................................................................................... 233 5.1 LA SCOMPARSA DI LEVI: L’EFFETTO «TRADIMENTO» .......................................................................................................233 5.1 A Una questione irrisolta: dove e Come ColloCare la morte di Levi seCondo i bioGrafi ............ 237 5.1 B Una questione «da risolvere»: le reazioni della stampa americana dopo il 1987 ................. 243 5.2 ULTIME EDIZIONI AMERICANE: SAGGI E POESIE (1988 – 1989) ..................................................................................250 5.2 A La “lettera di addio” di Primo Levi: The Drowned and the Saved (1988) ................................. 252 5.2 B La produzione poetica di Levi sbarCa in AmeriCa: Collected Poems (1988) ............................ 260 5.2 C Una «sCaltra ed eleGante» raCColta di saGGi: Other People’s Trades (1989)............................. 267 5.3 ULTIME EDIZIONI AMERICANE: LE RACCOLTE DI RACCONTI (1989 – 2007) .............................................................278 5.3 A L’ultima pubblicazione di Levi presso Schocken Books: The Mirror Maker: Stories & Essays (1989) ......................................................................................................................................................... 279 5.3 B Il ritorno della fantasCienza: The Sixth Day and Other Tales (1990)........................................... 286 5.3 C Ciò Che resta e Ciò Che attende: A Tranquil Star (2007) ..................................................................... 292 5.4 L’AMERICA SCOPRE LEVI PER LA TERZA VOLTA: THE COMPLETE WORKS OF PRIMO LEVI (2015) ......................303 5.4 A Gli aspetti più innovativi dei Complete Works: apparati paratestuali, traduttori e veste GrafiCa ......................................................................................................................................................................... 306 5.4 B La ricezione dei Complete Works: Cosa è Cambiato nella sensibilità della CritiCa e del pubblico ameriCani ............................................................................................................................................... 327 Parte SeConda .......................................................................................................................................... 336 CAPITOLO SESTO .......................................................................................................................................... 337 6.1 CONSIDERAZIONI PRELIMINARI: LA SEMANTICA DELLA SHOAH ED IL LETTORE CONTEMPORANEO ........................337 6.2 METODOLOGIA DI ANALISI: I CRITERI DI SELEZIONE E I LIVELLI DI TRADUZIONE........................................................369 6.3 L’ITALIANO “PLURILINGUE” DI PRIMO LEVI .......................................................................................................................373 2 6.3 A Una filosofia dell’esattezza ............................................................................................................................... 373 6.3 C Una linGua in movimento .................................................................................................................................. 383 6.4 VIZI DI LINGUA, DI STILE E DI FORMA: LE DIFFICOLTÀ DEL TRADUTTORE .....................................................................390 CAPITOLO SETTIMO ....................................................................................................................................
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