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Study of Social Movements on Water in India

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Study of Social Movements on Water in India Study of Social Movements on Water in India Study co-ordinated by SOPPECOM Society for Promoting Participative Eco-system Management, Pune (SOPPECOM) 16, Kale Park Someshwarwadi Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Website: www.soppecom.org Phone: 91 20 2588 0786 Acknowledgements We are happy to present the final report on the Social movements on water in India. The initial idea was mooted by Dr. Sanjeev Phansalkar who was the then Director of the IWMI Tata programme and we are grateful to him for that. After a day long brainstorming workshop in Pune, the idea was crystallized into a proposal for a study. We acknowledge Dinesh Kumar who later headed the IWMI Tata programme and carried this forward. Dr. Palanisami who is the current director of IWMI-Tata has been greatly patient despite the inordinate delay at our end in finalising the report. We are thankful to him for his patience and we do hope that he finds this report useful in the larger IWMI-Tata work. The report would not have been possible without the unstinted support of two persons associated with SOPPECOM- Deepti Oak, who joined as a research assistant for this project and has also authored one case study and Mayuri Samant without whose inputs the report would perhaps have not been in this form. Mayuri helped us with the Literature review on Social movements and also in consolidating our final conclusions. We remain greatly indebted to her for this work. Veronika Nad, a German intern working with SOPPECOM from July-August 2009 contributed significantly to the process of analysing the eight case studies and in a way set the tone for the final report. We would also like to thank Sneha Bhat in helping us with the last minute logistics of putting this report together and also in the organising of various workshops related to this study. Last but not the least we acknowledge the contribution of Mangala Subramanian who was associated with this study in its initial stage. Her inputs for proposal preparation as well as for the selection of the case studies have been beneficial for the team. We do hope that this report is able to generate some interest and debate around the much under researched area in the water sector. Suhas Paranjape K J Joy Ajit Menon Seema Kulkarni April 6, 2010 2 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction...................................................................................................5 Water sector crisis and the changing water sector discourse in India................................. 5 The Study: Social movements around water .................................................................... 12 Conceptual framework and methodology......................................................................... 17 Roadmap of the report ...................................................................................................... 23 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 2 Social Movement against Diversion of Water from Hirakud Reservoir to Industries ..................................................................................................................... 29 Introduction and methodology.......................................................................................... 29 Locating the movement: agriculture vs. industry ............................................................. 30 Emergence of the social movement and the processes ..................................................... 44 The organization ............................................................................................................... 52 Assessment of the movement............................................................................................ 57 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 59 References......................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 3 Kengrehalla Rejuvenation Movement: Case study of a social movement from the Western Ghats in Karnataka ......................................................................... 70 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 70 Context.............................................................................................................................. 71 Emergence of the movement ............................................................................................ 72 Launch of the movement .................................................................................................. 73 Organisational structure.................................................................................................... 74 Organisational activities: Transition from protest to constructive mode.......................... 75 Leadership......................................................................................................................... 82 Politics and bureaucracy ................................................................................................... 85 Membership of the movement .......................................................................................... 86 Organization structure and functioning ............................................................................ 86 Sustaining collective action: Innovative strategies to engage the group in collective action ........................................................................................................................................... 87 Mobilising finances........................................................................................................... 88 Impacts.............................................................................................................................. 88 Chapter 4 Palathulli Campaign for Water Awareness, Malayala Manorama.............. 93 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 93 Launch of the movement- Protest vs Construction........................................................... 94 The Malayala Manorama (MM) ....................................................................................... 95 Objectives, Methodology and limitations......................................................................... 96 The Contexts and Backgrounds for Palathulli .................................................................. 98 Networks and Liaisons Mainstreaming Local water initiatives to Palathulli Campaign 100 Why palathulli campaign is different from other campaigns?........................................ 103 Strategies and activities of the Campaign....................................................................... 104 Linkages.......................................................................................................................... 109 3 Mobilisation of People into palathulli: ........................................................................... 110 Impact of Palathulli......................................................................................................... 111 Limitations and Current status:....................................................................................... 117 References....................................................................................................................... 119 Chapter 5 The interpretation of a social movement in North Bihar: its context, historical development, definitions, structure, concepts. ..........................................120 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 120 THE CONTEXT ............................................................................................................. 123 HISTORICAL TRAJECTORY ...................................................................................... 128 SOCIAL MOVEMENT.................................................................................................. 136 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 158 Chapter 6 Social Movement against Industrial Water Pollution: A Study Of “Bhavani River Protection Joint Council”, Tamil Nadu............................................................161 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 161 Bhavani River Basin: Competing Water Needs and Conflicts ....................................... 162 Industrialization, SIV and Pollution Issues in the Lower Bhavani River Basin:............ 168 Bhavani River Protection Joint Council: As a Social Movement................................... 172 References....................................................................................................................... 184 Key factor behind the formation of Bhavani River Protection Joint Council:- .............. 187 Chapter 7 Pani Sangharsh Chalwal: A case study from South Maharashtra .............198 Background and History ................................................................................................. 198 Pani Sangharsh Chalwal: A Case Analysis....................................................................
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